This is familiar healing property linden flowers. We usually drink lime tea to lower the temperature and defeat the viruses that have overcome. But the fact that linden helps against other diseases can be a discovery for many. In this case, medicinal raw materials are not only flowers and inflorescences, but also leaves, buds, fruits, bark and even wood small-leaved linden (heart-shaped Tilia cordata, Tilia parvifolia)... Our ancestors used healing power linden trees, and in gratitude for the generosity of the tree, they treated him with special love. In each locality, linden was called in its own way: "lipina", "lubnyak", "lutoshko", "mochalik", "peksha", "haddock". Perhaps, in our age of abundance of pharmaceuticals, these folk remedies... Moreover, some of them are prescribed by practicing doctors.
Linden treatment. Linden buds and leaves. Application.
Linden leaves and buds contain a large number of vitamin C (131.5 mg%), more than in flowers, carotene, starch, tiliacin glycoside, which has a phytoncidal effect. They are used for the preparation of vitamin salads and drinks, harvested as a medicinal raw material. Fresh linden leaves are tied around the head for headaches, changing them every 15 minutes until healed. Chopped fresh leaves and buds are applied to abscesses, boils, burns and other wound surfaces. It is allowed to use dry buds and leaves, ground into powder. Ointments are prepared from fresh buds and leaves for the treatment of mastitis in women: they are crushed and
In the photo: small-leaved linden (heart-shaped - Tilia cordata, Tilia parvifolia).
mixed with butter in a 1: 1 ratio. As an anti-inflammatory, emollient, pain reliever, brewed linden leaves are applied to sore joints and wrapped for 2 hours. Dry linden leaves and buds (1 tablespoon) are brewed in a thermos with a glass of boiling water for half an hour and taken in a glass 3 times a day if there is a shortage breast milk... Dry, powdered leaves are used to stop bleeding, including nosebleeds. They steamed with linden brooms in a bath for urolithiasis or apply steamed leaves in the form of a compress to the kidney area.
Linden treatment. Linden wood and branches. Application.
Charcoal from dried linden wood perfectly removes toxins from the body. It is scientifically proven and widely used in official medicine... Tablets containing coal are prescribed for poisoning, diarrhea, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, allergies. IN folk medicine crushed lime tree charcoal is taken 1 teaspoon 3-4 times a day for belching, diarrhea, increased gas production, dysentery, poisoning, they are sprinkled with bleeding wounds. Coal, ground into powder, is used to treat prostate adenoma: 2 g of charcoal 3 times a day or for a week are taken monthly in the morning, brewed like coffee, lime charcoal. Tar obtained from linden wood is an excellent medicine for eczema, diathesis and other skin diseases. It is sold in pharmacies.
Linden treatment. Linden bark. Application.
A slimy thick broth of linden bark is used to lubricate burns, hemorrhoids, wounds, inflamed joints. The same effect is produced by dried and powdered cambrium - the layer between bark and wood. Crushed dry linden bark is brewed as tea and taken as a choleretic agent. Harvest the bark in early spring, in winter or autumn with a special permit, usually with organized linden felling. The bark is dried in dryers.
Linden is a tree known to everyone, the aroma of inflorescences of which is clearly felt in June-July. The tree tolerates winter frosts, blooms and gives seeds even in the absence of proper care. On garden plots often you can find heart-shaped linden with leaves beautiful shape... Read more about tree care below.
Linden trees.
What a linden tree looks like, everyone probably knows. After all, this perennial tree grows in almost all regions of Russia. Wild varieties can be as large as shrubs, and the house linden is a full-fledged tree if the rules of care are followed. The European heart-shaped linden reaches a height of 30 m.
The crown is round, oval or pyramidal. There are several trunks. Linden usually has a lifespan of 120-150 years. Although there are specimens 800-1000 years old. A young tree reaches full strength by the age of 20-30, at the same time it begins to bloom more abundantly.
Heart-shaped linden (Tilia cordata) - one of the garden varieties, of which there are about 30 in the world. It is small-leaved, it tolerates frost especially well, it is cultivated even in Western Siberia... Bare leaves from the inside have a bluish tint, surrounded in the corners by a bunch of red villi. The inflorescences are directed upwards, they consist of 5-11 flowers. Fruits with indistinct ribs, thin-walled.
Beneficial features
All parts of the tree are used in medicine. Linden - honey plant, honey is obtained from inflorescences, useful in the treatment of diseases. A bee colony can collect up to 5 kg of product from one tree. Flowers, leaves, linden wood are used for the preparation of medical powders and tinctures that have wide range actions.
All parts of the linden tree are used in medicine.
The flowers contain essential oil, which contains carotene, vitamin C, tannins and other useful substances. Linden leaves contain protein, carotene and vitamin C. The fruits contain about 60% oil, similar in quality to Provence, in taste - to almond and peach.
Linden wood charcoal is used for stomach pains as well as for wound healing. A decoction of flowers is used as a diaphoretic for colds. Infusions of leaves and buds have anti-inflammatory, analgesic effects. In the old days, bast shoes, shields, quivers for arrows were made from linden bark. Wood was used for buildings, and now tar is produced from it. It is used to treat eczema, respiratory diseases.
Growing in the garden
The heart-shaped linden is unpretentious, therefore it grows well anywhere. For abundant flowering you need to prune in a timely manner, feed the tree with minerals and examine for the absence of pests. Small-leaved heart-shaped linden is suitable for creating a hedge.
Choosing a landing site
The European linden tree adapts to any habitat. Under the forest canopy, it will grow in the form of a bush, on open area - a spreading tree. Therefore, it is not so important - in the shady or sunny place linden will grow on your site.
For planting, it is better to choose linden seedlings older than 2 years.
The tree grows well in any soil. But it is preferable to plant linden in sandstone fertilized with humus. The optimum soil acidity for linden is 6.5-7.5 pH. For planting on a permanent place, take 2-year-old seedlings. In the first years, linden grows slowly, after reaching 4 years, growth accelerates. When the tree reaches 60 years of age, growth slows down again, and stops completely at 130-150 years.
Planting seedlings
Standard linden seedlings reach a height of 50-70 cm. For them, you need to dig a hole 50 cm deep and the same in diameter. Its bottom is 15 cm filled with drainage. To do this, use pebbles, broken brick, crushed stone. Pour humus mixed with superphosphate on top (50-60 g in each hole).
The seedling is placed in the hole so that the root collar is flush with the soil. Minor deepening is allowed. The tree is covered with an earthen mixture consisting of 2 parts of humus, the same amount of sand, 1 part of turf soil. Water the plant immediately after planting. Loosening is carried out 2-3 times per season trunk circle, remove weeds.
Watering frequency
In the future, young linden is watered once a week at the rate of 20 liters per square meter crown projection. After heavy rainfall, watering is not carried out. Adult lindens do not need additional moisture, watering is permissible only when the soil is very dry.
Top dressing
The tree is fed twice a year. The first time in the spring, the second in the fall. IN spring a solution is introduced into the soil. It is prepared from 10 liters of water, 1 kg of manure, 20 g of urea and 25 g of ammonium nitrate. In autumn, the soil is fertilized with 20 g of nitroammophoska diluted in 10 liters of water.
Pruning
Crown formation is carried out in spring, before bud break, and in autumn. Pruning is necessary for a tree after the first year of life. In this case, the branches are shortened by 1/3, no more.
Linden crown lends itself to shaping.
Preparing for winter
The frost resistance of linden increases with age, but you still need to properly prepare for wintering. Preparatory procedures are best carried out in late October and early November. They are as follows:
- The fallen leaves must be burned; some of them can be left for mulching young trees. Lindens should be inspected for frost cracks. If there are such formations, they need to be treated with an antiseptic.
- The near-stem circle is mulched with fallen leaves, peat or sawdust so that the trunk is covered by 10-12 cm.
- In the first years of life, seedlings cover the crown with dense material.
- In late autumn, fertilizing is carried out so that the trees stock up nutrients for winter.
All these activities can be done in 1-2 days.
Flowering period
Lindens bloom in June-July, depending on the variety. Heart-shaped linden blooms from the end of June. White fragrant flowers with a diameter of about 10 mm are collected in half-umbrellas of 5-15 pieces. Each inflorescence has a thin, light, elongated bracts, up to 6 cm in size.
The flowering period lasts 2-3 weeks, in the heat - less. Flowers are pollinated by insects, mainly bees. Linden fruit is a one-seeded nut. It falls from the tree in winter. Note that linden blossom pollen can cause allergies.
Linden flowers are best picked when some of them are still budding.
The use of linden inflorescences
Linden flowers are used to make decoctions, infusions, teas. They help with colds, have anti-inflammatory, diaphoretic action. They are harvested when half of the flowers have opened, and the second is still in buds. The inflorescences are plucked from the branches in dry weather, after which they are laid out in a ventilated room with a layer of 3-5 cm and dried.
The fact that the inflorescences are dry enough can be judged by the fragility of the peduncles. Store raw materials in a cloth bag, protected from light and ventilated. If the flowers are stored correctly, they will not lose their properties for 3 years.
Growing difficulties
The European linden is easily infected with infections from nearby trees. Sometimes it is attacked by rodents, which weaken the linden and make it vulnerable to pests.
Linden disease
Actellik solution is used to fight diseases. As a preventive measure, linden can be treated once a season with a solution of "Fitosporin".
Pests
Most often, linden is affected by:
To combat pests, the periosteal circle is loosened, processed soapy water... The crown and trunk are sprayed with insecticidal preparations, which are selected based on who infects the tree.
Annual pruning is a good prevention. In the process, the buds are cut, in which the pests hibernate. Cut branches are burned to precisely kill insects.
Reproduction
The heart-shaped linden is propagated by seeds and stem layers. The first method is laborious, since the seeds need stratification (keeping in the cold) for germination. In addition, it can take 10-12 years from the moment of planting seeds to obtaining a young tree. However, some people practice it too.
Seed stratification and sowing
Seeds in the fall must be placed in a container with wet sand or sawdust. For 3 parts of the soil, take 1 part of the seeds. For 5-6 months, the container is placed in a dry, dark, cold place (7-10 degrees) and periodically moistened. You can use peat with sand, mixed in equal quantities. The seeds should be buried in such soil by 2-3 cm.
European linden seeds.
In the spring, seeds are harvested and sown in open ground... The strongest will sprout, and when they get stronger, it will be possible to plant them in a permanent place. Young sprouts must be carefully looked after, be sure to cover for the winter. Instead of sowing seeds in the garden, you can grow in a container to a relatively large size. Then, in any case, they need to be transplanted into open ground.
Planting stem layers
For reproduction in this way, a tree is needed, the branches of which can be bent to the ground itself. Previously, a small trench is dug in the ground, into which a branch inclined to the ground is placed. It needs to be fixed with a bracket and dug in a little. After a while, the layers will take root and a young tree will grow. When it grows up, you can carefully dig it up and plant it in a permanent place.
Growing linden "from scratch" is a long process. It is easier to purchase an adult seedling in the plant nursery and plant it in the garden. The price of a seedling with a height of 35-40 cm is 15,000 rubles, and for a European linden with a height of 50-60 cm you need to pay 25,000-30,000 rubles.
An adult tree is unpretentious, but after planting young seedlings, you will have to work hard with care. But in return you will get a tree with amazing fragrant and healthy flowers.
Linden is the main honey plant middle band: the recognized queen, Aphrodite of the forest nectar bribe, they call this truly unique plant.
“Let all spring bribes (willows, orchards, etc.) change, it’s not scary if even the meadows give little: the linden tree will bloom and cover all sins", - wrote A.S. Butkevich, the author of numerous publications on beekeeping, a successful practitioner who kept a large productive apiary in the Tula province.
As a honey plant, it really has no equal in the domestic flora, it gives the most valuable, fragrant honey. It bears better on fertile and permeable soil in an open location.
Heart-shaped linden or Small-leaved linden (Linden genus of the Malvovye family) is a deciduous tree 20-38 m high, widespread in Europe and Western Asia, with a tent-shaped crown.
The bark is dark, furrowed on old trees.
Leaves are alternate, cordate, long-petiolate, toothed, with a drawn pointed tip, green above, glaucous below.
The flowers are regular, with numerous stamens, 1-1.5 cm in diameter, yellowish-white, fragrant, collected in 3-11 pieces in corymbose inflorescences with a yellowish-green stipule. Pollen color is light yellow-green.
Blooms from early July for 10-15 days. The nectar-bearing tissue located on the inside of the sepals' bases secretes 5-10 mg of nectar.
The fruit is spherical, pubescent, thin-walled, one- or two-seeded nut. The fruits ripen in August-September.
Large-leaved linden is a deciduous tree of the Linden genus of the Malvovye family. The large-leaved linden naturally grows in the forests of western Ukraine, Moldova, the Caucasus, Western, Central and Southern Europe. In Central Russia and Belarus, it is bred in gardens and parks.
The tree is up to 40 m tall, with a dense, broad-pyramidal crown, with reddish-brown, fluffy, rarely bare young shoots.
The buds are reddish brown, glabrous.
Leaves up to 14 cm, rounded-ovate, dark green above, glabrous, paler below, with bundles of light hairs in the veins corners, on petioles 2-6 cm long. Leaves bloom two weeks later than small-leaved linden.
The flowers are yellowish cream, larger than those of the small-leaved linden, but there are fewer of them in the inflorescence (2-5), blooms two weeks earlier than the small-leaved linden, in early June. One large-leaved linden flower releases 11.54 mg of nectar.
Honey productivity is 800-900 kg / ha, up to 90-100 kg of pollen can be collected from a hectare of linden.
In order for bees to collect nectar from linden flowers, certain weather conditions are needed: warm and important weather. It is then that the sweet liquid is released.
The use of large-leaved linden is promising for beekeeping not only in terms of increasing nectar reserves, but also increasing the duration of the bribe.
Honey productivity linden stands reaches 800-1000 kg / ha. During flowering in places of its mass growth, bee colonies collect up to 10-14 kg of honey per day. In terms of taste and healing qualities, linden honey has long been considered the best.
The set of gifts offered by a lime tree to a person is quite impressive:
— fresh air, during flowering, filled with an extraordinary honey aroma,
- ennobled soil,
- excellent construction timber,
- excellent ornamental wood, suitable for making household utensils and souvenir crafts,
- bast unique for various crafts,
- obedient and useful bast,
- healing linden blossom (flowers and bracts) is used in medicine, in the perfumery industry, in the production of cognacs and liqueurs, as well as as a tea substitute,
- as a honey plant, linden has no equal in the domestic flora,
- the most valuable, fragrant honey,
- young leaves and blossoming buds are eaten in spring, salads are prepared from them, pickled.
- finally, the beauty of the tree itself.
In addition, linden feels confident in the artificially created field-protective forest belts - it does not care for rain, drought, or winds.
Linden is a beautiful park tree, which has long been used for the arrangement of alleys and groves, and over the last century it has also gained leadership in the greening of our cities. Lipa was one of the few woody plantsthat are able to withstand city noise and smog, as well as artificial night lighting that is harmful to plants.
By its nature, linden is a long-lived tree. On European territory average term her life is about 400-600 years. In wild forests, individual specimens live up to 1100-1200 years!
IN natural conditions linden, pushing back other species, is developing new lands along the floodplains, gradually moving north: its natural plantings have already appeared in the Arkhangelsk region and even in the forests of Norway and Finland.
In zones favorable for its growth, linden feels great in a variety of species communities, getting along with both a long-lived oak and conifers intolerant of many species. At any opportunity, she does not give up leadership and can create continuous tracts on hundreds and thousands of hectares. The share of linden in mixed forests can reach over 60%.
Linden is the main melliferous plant of the middle zone - strongly pressed by man in European territories, it retains its positions on millions of hectares of lands in the Volga region, some regions of Siberia and the Far Eastern Primorye. The famous scientist-geographer of the XIX century N. I. Rychkov, describing his impressions of visiting Bashkiria, noted that “... in Bashkiria there are many such farms that one Bashkir has thousands of two or more boards, from which they receive notable incomes". XIX century beekeepers can only be envied ...
Linden smells fragrant during flowering
Linden tea is one of the best drinks that nature itself can give us, taking care of our health. In Russia, linden has always been a favorite, it was even revered more than birch - the original Russian tree. For centuries, the ancestors honored the tree, used with gratitude its gifts, and now the benefits of linden blossom have not diminished in the least. Only here we are modern people we hardly notice how much nature around us can give us. But still, there is now a good tendency to follow the knowledge of the origins, to revive it, and they began to remember about herbs and fruits again. Linden blossom should be in every home, because it has tremendous opportunities, the main thing is to collect it on time. But so that you do not miss the deadline, we will tell you today when the linden blossoms.
It is interesting! Linden has a wonderful soft bark, but in ancient times scammers learned to make fake seals from it, for which the innocent tree suffered. We still call a fake a fake.
Terms of flowering and collection of linden blossom. Methodology
When the tree blooms
IN different regions the climate is different, and therefore the dates will be different everywhere. Of course, trees bloom early in the south, which cannot be said about Siberia and the north. In the first case, this is the middle and end of June, in the second, this is the second half of July. And when linden blooms in the middle lane, you ask? And we will, of course, answer. In the middle lane of our big country - this is the third decade of June and the first decade of July.
The period when linden pleases with its color is short - only 10-15 days. Once you collect flowers in your region, you will already be on next year it is good to know when and where you will need to come for collection. But avoid industrial areas, roads, cemeteries, places where there is wastewater... Try to find old temples, in every city or in the suburbs. There, with a high probability, you can find linden trees, since our ancestors planted them in places of power, such a linden will be as useful and even healing as possible for you.
But it is important to start making stocks not in the first days, when linden blossoms, but not at the end of this short period. The optimal time is when all or most of the flowers have blossomed. If you see that the tree is already at the stage of completion of flowering, wilting, then it is better not to stockpile this year, since they will not be useful, medicinal properties in this color are minimal.
Collection method
In fact, everything is simple:
- find a tree that will be in the most favorable place. During flowering, there will be a subtle, sweet and very pleasant aroma floating nearby. It is better to do this in advance;
- if you find a linden tree before it blooms, you will be able to estimate the size, and whether it is possible to collect the color with your hands or you will have to use devices;
- if the tree is tall, then buy a pruning shear to which a handle or a stalk can be attached, there is also a rope in the kit;
- the flowering period of the linden, you know, see that all the flowers open;
- cut the flowers carefully together with the leaves;
- inspect linden at home, remove the one that is affected by insects, wilted;
- rinse the color, let the water drain;
- dry flowers in the attic, under a canopy or in the oven at a temperature not exceeding 40 degrees;
- you can store flowers in glass jars.
Important! If you came to the forest during the flowering of the linden, then do not break its branches to cut off the flower at home, do not cut, this was considered a sin by our ancestors, and the tree was always identified with the Mother of God.
This short article opened for you important information about when you can collect color, how much linden blooms so as not to miss the workpiece, and how to do it correctly. Health to you!
All materials on the site are presented solely for informational purposes. Before using any means, a consultation with a doctor is MANDATORY!
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- Description
- Linden species
- Small-leaved
- Large-leaved
- Ordinary
- Manchu
- Caucasian
- European
- Silvery
- Reproduction and care
- Wood
Genus deciduous tilia trees, or linden, has about 45 species. Most of them grow in temperate and subtropical climatic zones... The distribution area includes Europe, Southeast Asia, Far East, North American continent. The linden family belongs to the relict ones that existed on the planet in the pre-glacial period.
Description
Depending on soil fertility and illumination, there are both large arboreal forms of linden plantations and small shrubs. In its natural environment, linden adapts to almost any habitat, but prefers well-moistened nutrient soils. These species are characterized by frost resistance, the ability to withstand wind and drought.
A characteristic feature of lindens is a low susceptibility to diseases and insect pests .
Many species are long-livers, the age of trees is 300-400 years, specimens are recorded and more ancient - 1000 years old. The trunks of large species can reach over 30 m in length, trees begin to branch at a height of 1.5–2 m from the ground, and usually mature by the age of 30. The bark of young plantations is brown or olive color, smooth. In mature trees, it is dark, thick, speckled deep cracks... The crown is oval, ovoid, very dense. Root system powerful and developed, penetrates deep into the soil.
Linden leaves are heart-shaped, wide and rounded at the base and pointed towards the ends, matte or dark green. These plants - excellent honey plants... In early June, fluffy yellowish flowers bloom on them, collected in inflorescences and emitting nectar. In the fall, linden fruits are formed in their place - small nuts with seeds. The flowering period lasts about 2-3 weeks. At this time, the tree emits a specific pleasant aroma that attracts bees. Linden honey is considered by many to be the most useful and delicious. In addition, linden is famous medicinal plant, since its flowers and buds have a pronounced anti-inflammatory and diaphoretic effect. This plant material is included in the collection for the treatment of respiratory diseases and ARVI.
Linden species
Lindens can grow singly, but most of the plantings are in woodlands. "Favorite" neighbors of these trees are ash, oak, pine, maple and spruce. In addition to mixed forests, lindens form large-scale clean plantations.
IN wildlife and in cultural conditions, both pure and hybrid varieties of the tree are found.
Small-leaved
Another name is the heart-shaped linden, due to the shape of the leaves. This species perfectly tolerates adverse natural conditions, including strong winds, drought and frost. The lifespan of a tree can reach 400 years or more.In the process of growth, its trunks stretch to a height of 25-30 m, the branches form a spreading crown, similar to a tent: the upper shoots are directed upward, the middle ones are almost horizontal, and the lower ones look down. Leaves have relatively small size - about 3-4 cm, heart-shaped and pointed apex. Top part they are glossy and dark, the back is lighter, slightly rough to the touch. In June, the small-leaved linden is covered with fluffy panicles of inflorescences of 6–8 flowers; in August, small nuts with seeds inside ripen in their place.
This type of linden is distributed throughout Europe, including its Russian part, in the Caucasus, in Western Siberia.
Large-leaved
This species is outwardly similar to small-leaved, but tolerates worse very coldy, therefore it grows mainly in southern regions Europe and the Caucasus. Many large-leaved lindens are real giants and long-livers: they can grow up to 500 years of age. In cross-section, their trunks reach 80–100 cm, and rise up to 40 m in height. The leaves, in accordance with the name of the tree, are large - up to 14 cm, edges with small teeth, slightly pubescent on the back. The crown has an almost pyramidal shape. The inflorescences of this linden are much smaller than those of the small-leaved: 2–4 flowers each. The flowering period lasts 2 weeks from mid-June.
The large-leaved species prefers fertile soil, but the trees themselves improve its composition: the foliage falling down in autumn will quickly melt, forming humus. This linden tree is often planted in gardens and parks, as it has high decorative qualities, forms a thick shade, and purifies the air.
Ordinary
It is a hybrid species formed in the natural environment by cross-pollination of large-leaved and small-leaved ones. In terms of properties, trunk height, crown shape, it resembles relatives, it begins to bloom several weeks earlier - at the end of May or in the first days of June. Inflorescences - as in the small-leaved variety, the leaves are dark green, smooth, during flowering they are covered with sweet juice, attracting bees. Common linden is a good honey plant. In addition, it is excellent for urban landscaping: it can withstand gas-polluted air, dust, wind, frost, lack of sunlight, and is not sensitive to drought.
Manchu
In Russia found in forests The Far East, but, being planted in European regions, it takes root well in them. Loves moist soils, frost-resistant, tolerates shaded places well. The trunks of the Manchu linden are often branched and relatively low - the maximum height is about 20 m, the crown is spreading and dense. The leaves of this species are very large - 25-30 cm, pubescent, inflorescences are also powerful, consist of 10-12 flowers.
Caucasian
This species prefers a warm, humid climate and fertile soils, grows in the forests of the Caucasus, Crimea, and is also found in Asia Minor. The Caucasian linden lives up to 400 years, its trunks reach more than 1.5 m in diameter, and the trees stretch up to 35–40 m in height. Young shoots have a reddish tint, which darkens with age. The leaves are large - up to 15 cm, bright green, slightly pubescent, have a lighter shade on the underside. The tree blooms in late June or early July, the inflorescences are large and fluffy, drooping down. The fruit is a nut about 1 cm in size with a seed inside.
European
The main habitat is the mixed and deciduous forests of Western Europe. These trees live for 100–150 years, look powerful: they reach 1.5–2 m in diameter and 40 m in height. The foliage is bright green, heart-shaped, its back part is rough. The crown is wide and dense, the bark of the tree is dark gray, covered with deep cracks in adults and old specimens.
Silvery
This linden tree has distinct differences from other species. The color of its foliage is dark green, the back is grayish-silvery, covered with a dense downy. Thanks to this, the tree has a second name - felt. The leaves themselves are medium in size - about 7–8 cm, in the height of summer their edges are slightly curled inward, which is why the crown has a beautiful variegated silver-green hue. In the fall, the foliage does not turn yellow, but withers, remaining on the branches for a long time. The flowers are very small, yellowish.
Young shoots of felt linden are also pubescent and become smooth over time. The bark of trees is gray; as the trunks mature, it darkens and coarsens.
The species is common in the Balkans, Western Europe, Crimea, Caucasus.
Reproduction and care
Planting lindens is a great way to create beautiful landscape, pertinent to adjoining territories, in squares and parks. These trees improve the microclimate, in the summer they fill the air with a pleasant scent of flowers, and when planted outside the city, they allow you to collect and use a useful color.
It is possible to propagate trees by seeds, but it is very laborious and time consuming.Not all of them retain germination, and given the long dormancy period, seedlings can be waited for more than one year. It is much more rational to use as planting material layering or basal linden shoots. To root the cuttings, the lateral lower shoots are tilted to the soil and fixed, lightly sprinkling with it. You will have to wait for the roots for 1-2 years, then you just need to free the branches from the soil and separate them from the tree. They are doing this at the end of March.
From the roots of the linden, new shoots make their way up quite often, one has only to carefully disconnect them from the mother plant. You can also purchase ready-made seedlings.
For planting, a mixture of turf soil, humus and sand is preferable. The holes are dug in proportion to the size of the roots of the seedlings, so that their upper part is flush with the surface. Drainage from broken brick or small stones. The distance between the holes when planting several trees is at least 3 m.
Careful care of young linden trees is required. In the first 2–3 years, weekly watering is required, feeding at least 1 time per month with nitrogenous fertilizers. For the winter, it is important to insulate the seedlings with mulch from sawdust or pine needles. Mature trees do not need to be watered, but fertilization is required 1-2 times a season.
They begin to cut branches in order to form a crown no earlier than the third year of life.
Wood
The massif is represented by an equally dense sapwood of a pale yellow or pinkish color. The texture is weak, the natural pattern is a bit like birch. The gloss of the surface is soft, slightly matte.
The quality characteristics of linden wood are slightly lower than those of pine or oak.The overall drying coefficient is 0.58. During the preliminary drying process, the wood almost does not warp and does not crack due to the uniform saturation with moisture. The density of dry sawn timber is about 450 kg / m³. Linden has low strength and resistance to mechanical stress, similar to aspen wood. It is prone to swelling, does not hold nails and staples well, and is prone to rotting and fungal attack.
The advantages of linden are plasticity and ease of processing: the material bends well, is cut, sawn, impregnated with coloring agents and stains, glued and polished.
Linden has long been used to build barns, made hives, chests, chests, barrels for pickling cabbage, vats for winemaking, made kitchen utensils: scoops, ladles, spoons, pots. Bast was especially appreciated: bast shoes were woven from young bast, matting was knitted.
Today linden is used in furniture and turning production, toys, pencils, blanks for decoration are made from it. Linden lining is used for sheathed saunas and baths, shelves are made of boards. Due to its low thermal conductivity, this wood reduces the likelihood of burns when touched in a hot room.