For successful cultivation grapes immediately after choosing a variety, you need to start preparing for planting in the spring. Whether the bush was planted correctly depends on its survival rate, fertility and resistance to negative factors. Read on to learn how to plant grapes in spring with seedlings and cuttings.
When to plant grapes in spring: the optimal timing depending on weather conditions, according to the lunar calendar
Before deciding on the time of planting, you should find out when it is worth planting grapes with cuttings and seedlings in the spring.
The optimal time for planting grapes comes when the air warms up to +15, and the soil - up to +10.
The exact ones are determined based on the weather conditions of a particular region.
According to the lunar calendar in 2019
It can help you choose the best date for planting seedlings Moon calendar.
So auspicious days for spring planting grapes in 2019 according to the lunar calendar are:
- in April - 11-17, 21-26.
Yes, this is not a mistake, it is recommended to plant seedlings of fruit and berry crops according to the lunar calendar only in April.
Of course, it is not always possible to get to the dacha exactly in auspicious days therefore, the main thing is not to land on unfavorable days.
bad days according to the lunar calendar for 2019 for planting grape seedlings in the spring are the following dates:
- in March - 6, 7, 21;
- in April - 5, 19;
- in May - 5, 19;
- in June - 3, 4, 17.
According to lunar calendar from the magazine "1000 tips for summer residents."
When is it better to plant - in spring or autumn, the advantages and disadvantages of spring planting
The question "when is it better to plant grapes - in autumn or spring" does not lose its relevance. After all, the gardener who first decided to plant a crop, long before the manipulation, must choose the time of the event. To decide when it is better to plant grape seedlings - in spring or autumn, you need to analyze the pros and cons of each of these seasonal procedures.
Benefits of spring planting:
- Since there is no chance of hard frosts in spring, there is no risk that the grape seedling will die after planting.
- The planted culture quickly takes root, due to which its cold resistance increases.
- There is more time to prepare the soil. During the winter, the prepared land will be saturated with moisture and the useful substances contained in it, which will pass into the seedling and stimulate its rapid growth.
Disadvantages of planting grapes in spring:
- With the advent of heat from sleep, insects and bacteria wake up. If the planted plant is not treated in a timely manner, it will suffer greatly or even die.
- AT recent times spring weather is very changeable: even in relatively warm regions, frosts occur. sub-zero temperatures detrimental to heat-loving culture.
- It is quite difficult to get the variety you like in the spring, since young plants are usually sold in the fall. Saplings for planting grapes in the ground in the spring are bought in advance and stored until spring.
Autumn garden manipulation also has its pros and cons.. The advantages include rapid growth, moist soil, a wide range of planting material. AT late boarding there is only one drawback: if you are late with the procedure, then the seedling will not take root in the cold and freeze. To prevent the young bush from freezing, the bush must be carefully covered.
Thus, the gardener himself can decide when it is better for him to plant grapes - in autumn or spring. After all, if you follow all the landing rules, calendar dates do not matter. Each gardener must independently determine the optimal time, taking into account the climatic conditions of the region and the availability of free time to complete all work.
How to plant grapes in spring - features and step by step instructions
Timely landing, performed according to all the rules, is a guarantee of high survival rate, so you need to know how to properly plant grapes with seedlings and cuttings in the spring. In order not to waste time on fruitless planting of young plants, it is worth carefully studying all agrotechnical recommendations.
Video: how to plant grapes in spring
How to choose a good grape variety
Note! The site already has whole line detailed information about most popular and the best varieties grapes:
What should be the seedling and cutting (chubuk)
Grapes are planted in spring with vegetative or woody seedlings. What is the difference between planting material?
vegetative seedling – cutting, which was planted in early spring. By the time of planting, such a shank already has green leaves, which is why the seedlings are also called green.
By the way! More about growing grapes from cuttings .
lignified sapling — one year old vine, which was dug up in the fall and stored in damp sand in a cool place. In the room where the container with the plant stands, the humidity must be kept at 85%, otherwise rot may appear on the sleeping buds, and the earthen ball will be covered with mold.
Appropriate place
In order for the grapes to bear fruit abundantly in the future, a well-lit place should be allocated for planting cuttings and seedlings in the spring. When choosing suitable place the following recommendations should be taken into account:
- For planting grapes in the spring in a new place, the southern and western sides of agricultural and residential buildings are best suited. This location contributes to a good heating of the culture not only during the day, but also at night, as a result of heat transfer from buildings. Experienced gardeners note that the bushes planted in this way bear fruit faster and more abundantly than those growing in the center of the site.
- If it is not possible to plant cuttings or seedlings of grapes near buildings in the spring, then they are planted on elevated areas on the southern, western and southwestern sides of the slope. Planting in the lowlands is undesirable: in such places frosts are always the strongest.
- The place for planting grapes with cuttings or seedlings should be at a distance of 3-6 m from the trees, as they quickly draw nutrients from the soil. The larger the root system of the tree, the further you need to plant a bush from the trees.
- You should not plant grapes in the spring with cuttings or seedlings in areas where there are close to the surface ground water.
Then start preparing the pit:
- In the center of the selected area, a square or round hole is dug with a shovel with a diameter of 60-65 cm and a depth of 70-80 cm. Such a depth will contribute to rapid rooting and protect root system from freezing.
- To prevent the soil from shrinking, it is better to dig a recess in the fall.
- A 10-15 cm layer of gravel, expanded clay or broken brick.
- Stepping back 10 cm from the edge, a pipe with a diameter of 5 cm and a length of 80-95 cm is stuck into the drainage.
What kind of soil is needed
The soil for growing must be fertile. The largest number nutrients contained in the top layer of soil. Alternating with fertilizers, fertile black soil is laid in the pit, taken from 10-15 cm of the upper layer while digging the pit.
How deep to plant
The opinions of gardeners on this matter are divided: some believe that it is enough to make a hole 50 cm deep, while others prefer to plant in meter deepenings. AT middle lane In Russia, it is usually planted at a depth of 70-80 cm.
How far to plant
When planting grapes in the spring with seedlings and cuttings, it is necessary to take into account the distance between them.
- Between weak and medium height, 1.3-1.5 m of free space is left.
- And if this strong varieties, then the distance between them should be at least 1.8-2 m. Optimal step between rows -2.5 m.
If the distance between the bushes when planting grapes is significantly less, then they will be worse ventilated and illuminated. As a result of lack of sunlight and poor air circulation, yields are reduced and the risk of infection with fungal diseases is increased.
In addition, if grape seedlings were planted without respecting the recommended distance, then in thickened plantings they are subject to premature aging.
How and what to fertilize the soil before the procedure
In order for the grapes to begin to grow rapidly and bear fruit abundantly, even before planting, the soil is generously fertilized with organic and mineral fertilizers.
Pits are covered with such layers:
- On top of the drainage, fertile black soil is laid in a ball 10-15 cm thick.
- Fall asleep 2-3 buckets of rotted manure.
- Add 150-200 g potash fertilizer(for example, potassium nitrate), 200 g double superphosphate or 400 grams of regular. Top dressing can be supplemented or replaced with 1-2 cans of wood ash.
- Fall asleep a layer of black soil.
Alternating these layers, fill the recess to the top. Regardless of the order, there should be a layer of fertile soil on top.
Video: preparing a planting pit for grapes
How to prepare planting material
After the desire to acquire a new variety arises, the question immediately arises as to whether it is better to choose a seedling or a cutting.
However, it is not enough just to buy a cutting or seedling that you like, it must also be properly prepared for planting.
Preparation of cuttings (shanks)
By the way! More on the preparation (germination) of cuttings .
Preparing seedlings for spring planting
Prepare grape seedlings with an open root system begin 1-2 days before planting in the ground. The essence of the preparation is the correct pruning of the root system of the grape seedling, as well as soaking in growth stimulants (as an option, you can lower it into a liquid clay mash or into a container with honey solution (1 tbsp of honey is dissolved in 1 liter of water). Using these techniques will help the plant quickly take root and give a good start after landing in a permanent place.
Video: how to prepare grape seedlings for planting in spring
Seedlings with a closed root system are easiest to plant, you just need to plant the plant along with an earthen clod.
Direct landing
To properly plant grapes, the seedling in the pit is set in such a way that the buds are turned to the north, and the roots to the south. Then the planting material is slightly bent towards the support, covered with soil and watered abundantly.
Important! It is impossible to compact the soil after planting grape seedlings in the spring: there is a high risk of damaging the roots. In order for the earth to settle naturally, 2-3 buckets of water are poured into the pit.
Video: planting grapes in spring seedlings
Planting germinated cuttings (chibouks) grapes in spring slightly different from planting seedlings. The roots of the chibouks Then the cutting is immersed in the prepared hole and fall asleep. After the chibouks are planted, the grapes, the soil is lightly tamped and watered with warm settled water.
By the way! More about planting germinated and vegetative cuttings of grapes .
Video: how to plant grapes with cuttings in spring
Aftercare for grapes after planting
It is necessary not only to plant grapes correctly in the spring, but also to take care of them after. In the first year after the garden event due to improper care a significant part of the seedlings, which are not yet too strong, die. To prevent this from happening, you need to provide young plants with a sufficient amount of moisture and nutrients.
10-14 days after planting, the seedlings are watered abundantly: in the evening, 2-3 buckets of warm settled water are brought under it.
Provided there is no precipitation, the next watering is done after 2 weeks. In the future, the bush is watered as the substrate dries.
If the pit was laid according to the above recommendations, fertilizers and fertilizing are not applied. In the case when a grape seedling was planted in spring in poor soil, the plant is fed with mineral fertilizers, which are dissolved in water for irrigation. The concentration of the solution is determined based on the recommendations of the manufacturer of a separate purchased mixture.
In addition to watering and fertilizing, caring for seedlings includes:
- loosening. In order for the substrate to pass air well to the roots, it is periodically loosened. Manipulation can be omitted if trunk circle shelter thin layer straw or hay. Weeds are pulled around as needed.
- pruning. At the beginning and end of summer, the rootstock is removed. Also, the upper roots of seedlings are subject to pruning. A 20 cm layer of earth is removed along the perimeter of the rhizome, and then the first roots from the surface are cut off to zero. After trimming, the pit is filled up.
- tying. Long shoots are attached to pegs or laid on a trellis.
Important! At 1-2 years of age upper part seedlings cannot be pruned. At proper care and comfortable weather conditions, real pruning is carried out at the age of 3 years.
Grapes planted in spring also need to be insulated for the winter. Before the onset of cold weather, the young vine is laid in a trench or pinned to the ground and mulched. The thickness of the shelter depends on the weather conditions of the growing region.
Video: care for grape seedlings immediately after planting
Approximateplanting dates in different regions (South, Middle lane - Moscow region, Siberia, Urals)
Each region has its own climatic features. Every gardener and summer resident should remember this in order to end up with a luxurious harvest, regardless of geographic location.
Naturally, grapes can be planted first on South- from the second half of April or even earlier.
Planting dates for grapes in spring in the Middle lane (Moscow region) directly dependent on weather conditions. As a rule, in the Moscow region, a seedling is planted in the second half of May, when the return frosts have passed, but this can be done earlier (in late April or early May) if planted in a shelter (greenhouse).
Video: how to plant grapes in spring in the Middle lane (Moscow region)
Planting dates for grapes in spring in cold regions ( Siberia, Ural) are pushed back by 2-3.
Video: how to plant grapes in Siberia in spring
Possible mistakes in the spring planting of grapes
Every person can make mistakes, especially if he encounters a little-known occupation for the first time. This statement is also true for the spring planting of fruit-bearing vines. Below are the most common mistakes beginner gardeners worth knowing for proper fit grapes in spring
- Seedlings are too deeply deepened. Due to the fact that the soil at a depth does not warm up well, the bush grows slowly.
- Choose the wrong place on the site. Due to the lack of sunlight, few fruits are tied on the culture, the ripening period of which is greatly increased.
- Seedlings brought from other regions are used as planting material..
- Varieties with different growth strength are planted nearby.. Strong-growing bushes shade and oppress medium- and low-growing bushes.
Of course, growing this heat-loving crop is very difficult and troublesome, and at the same time interesting activity. In order to grow a healthy bush on the site that bears fruit with tasty fruits, you need to scrupulously follow the rules for planting grapes in the spring and caring for a young plant.
In contact with
People are used to the fact that grapes are a southern and thermophilic culture. However, breeders, with their titanic efforts, are doing everything possible so that this tasty and fragrant berry is moving more and more rapidly to the north.
Experienced winegrowers already have knowledge and experience, but beginners who still have a desire, cautiously proceed to their plans. But it's completely in vain. If your neighbors grow grapes, then yours will grow.
Choosing a grape variety for central Russia
Grape varieties of modern selection allow us to hope for good harvest when grown in the conditions of central Russia.
If we consider grape varieties, then most of them are recommended for cultivation in southern regions.
However, there are a number of table varieties that can produce crops in any region of the Russian Federation.
table varieties
The main requirements for grape varieties for the middle lane are frost resistance and the timing of the ripening of the crop.
These varieties will provide you with dessert, sweet and delicious berry. They will delight children and loved ones, and will also allow you to prepare fragrant grape juice.
Among early varieties the following should be considered:
- « Alyoshkin gift". The growing season is 110–115 days. white berry forms a bunch up to 500 g, and increased disease resistance will always allow you to be with the harvest.
- « Anthracite". The berry is blue-black, large. Bunch until 600 g. Covering variety.
- « Annushka". A white large berry is collected in bunches up to 250 g. Pleasant taste, quite stable.
- "". Large pink berry. Clusters of 500 g. Sweet, tasty, covering.
- « Gurman Krainova ". Clusters can be up to 1200. The berry is large, pink, fleshy. Covering variety.
- « Moscow sustainable ". The berry is white, small, but sweet. Bunch up to 100 g. Medium resistance to diseases.
- « Muscat Moscow ". Clusters up to 500 g. The berry is light green with a pleasant aftertaste.
- "". Clusters up to 1500 g, average 800 g. The berry is large, pink, fleshy. Productivity is up to 270 c/ha. Disease susceptibility is average.
Slightly neglected vine bush.
Medium maturity
- « Alexander". The pink berry is not large. A bunch up to 140 g. It has a high resistance to diseases.
- « Bashkir". A variety of the last century and probably many people know it. The dark blue berry is collected in a brush of 120–130 g. It has a good sugar content.
Technical grades
When planting a vineyard, you need to think about wine, and the following varieties are suitable for this purpose:
- « Alievsky". Average term of maturing. Blue-black. Clusters up to 200 g. Diseases are affected to an average degree.
- « Ermak". Early. Clusters of 200 g, sugary, disease resistant.
- « Ryabinsky". White juicy berries are collected in bunches up to 200 g. Sugar content is good. Disease resistance is average;
Universal
Universal grape varieties are not very capricious, and their berries are good both processed and fresh.
There are varieties whose berries are suitable for dessert and as a raw material for wine production. Among these varieties:
- « Katyr". Blue, round, fruitful, frost-resistant.
- « Skuin's dream ". The berry is red-black. Clusters of 200 g. Disease susceptibility is average.
- « Memory of Dombkowska ". The bunch is dense up to 400 g. The berry is black, juicy. The variety is disease resistant;
- « Anniversary of Skuin ».
From the presented list, you can choose the variety you like and grow it safely in the middle lane.
Acquisition of a seedling
The ideal purchase of a seedling happens only when you are in an amateur or professional vineyard during the ripening season of the berry.
Before purchasing planting material, it is best to see with your own eyes the development of a particular grape variety in your area.
In this case, you have the opportunity to see for yourself which variety you like exactly to your taste, evaluate the degree and period of ripening, the strength of the growth of the bushes and disease resistance. You can order a seedling right on the spot, or arrange to purchase cuttings in the fall.
If this is not possible, then give preference to nurseries and online stores. As a rule, it makes no sense for them to deceive, professionals are interested in you continuing to turn to them for planting material.
Choice of landing site
In the middle lane, grapes can be planted both in spring and autumn, especially if the seedling has a closed root system. If it is open, then it is better to do this in the spring, since in the fall there may not be enough time for rooting.
Pick up a secure landing site.. Better if it's south side high house or a large tree. When planting, you need to take into account that the supports will be placed so that the sleeves are well lit by the sun's rays most of the time.
To make it clear for beginners, you yourself need to face south and spread your arms to the sides. In this case, you need to imagine that the body is vine wood, and the hands are vines, and this is how they should be in relation to the south.
Features of planting and growing in the Middle lane
If you purchased a stiff seedling with an open root system, then the roots need to be slightly shortened.
On the handle you need to leave two kidneys, shorten the rest. If this is not done, then the upper buds will grow and thus the shoot will be higher, which will make it uncomfortable.
- It is better to prepare the pit in advance. For spring planting - in the fall, for autumn - in the spring. In this case, the soil will settle down well. Pit dimensions approx. 75x75x75. Less should not be done, since planting grapes involves growing them for 20–25 years old .
The dimensions of the planting hole should be sufficient for the free development of the root system of the grapes.
- We fall asleep in the hole 3–4 buckets rotted manure, add 200 g of nitroammophoska, 200 g of stove ash and mix everything well.
- On top we fall asleep clean earth, not sleeping to the edge on 20–25 cm. Such incorporation of nutrients will provide the seedling without additional feeding for the first 5–6 years.
- We lower the seedling into the pit and fill it with clean soil.
The soil level in the hole should be below the surface of the surrounding ground.
- Watering is carried out immediately after planting.
- The contact of the soil with the seedling and its survival rate will depend on the abundance of watering.
- We mulch the moist soil around the seedling.
- In order for survival to take place safely, it is necessary to build a cover.
For a young seedling, you can make a wooden box and cover it with insulation in the winter.
- In winter, it will protect from frost, and in spring, from rapid overheating. When the seedling takes root, it is removed.
When landing, you need to endure, and it cannot be less than 2.5 meters. This distance will provide a supply area for grape bush.
Covering or non-covering variety
In the middle lane in the first winter, all grape varieties require shelter.
Among the listed varieties there are both covering and non-covering grapes. However, when growing a vine, it is always necessary to take measures that will prevent freezing.
In the first and second year of life, all seedlings must be covered. You can do this with polyethylene film, or disposable bottles with a capacity of 5 liters. In any case, the seedlings should be dry.
Beginning growers should learn that grapes freeze not from high frosts, but from icing and extreme temperature fluctuations . Therefore, having carried out the shelter correctly, dryly, you can prevent a bad wintering.
Shelter of grapes for the winter
After autumn pruning(it can also be carried out in the spring, but it is simply not cost-effective to cover huge lashes, those that will be cut out in the spring), the vine begins to slowly tilt.
- For shelter, you need to choose a dry sunny day when the air temperature is already close to zero mark thermometer.
- Under the vines you need to put coniferous spruce branches, or dry boards that are not damaged by rot.
The film will protect the vine from getting wet.
- Such dry wrapping will guarantee a good wintering of the vine in the middle lane.
spring worries
Grapes should be opened slowly after winter frosts, allowing them to gradually air out.
First, open the ends of the shelter with north side.
- Full opening can be done only after the end of the season of return frosts.
- Having opened the seedling, you need to assess the situation with moisture supply and, if necessary, water it abundantly. . Further watering is carried out in accordance with the amount of natural moisture. An earthen ball under a seedling should not dry out, but a very wet one is also unacceptable.
- To retain moisture, the ground around the seedling is mulched. . The same technique will protect against weeds.
- The growth of shoots in the spring is very fast. Do not allow free hanging , since a gust of wind can damage a young shoot. Drive in a peg, and tie the grapes to it with a soft cloth.
- The first year of a seedling's life is limited to timely watering and weed control. . These activities will ensure growth and development, as well as prepare it for the next wintering. If everything is done correctly, then by next spring the cutting will already be stronger.
Video on how to cover grapes for the winter
On the summer cottages gardeners in the middle lane often meet unpretentious frost-resistant varieties. These include, for example, "Lydia" or "Isabella". But, unfortunately, they are distinguished by a small berry and an inexpressive taste. Thanks to the efforts of breeders, species have appeared that give large berry in harsh climatic conditions Russia.
Having bought varietal specimens of modern selection, one can hope for a good harvest, resistance to disease and frost. By the way, the rich taste of a large beautiful bunch will not yield to overseas products. Growing grapes in the middle lane for beginners is recommended to start with early varieties. Their maturation occurs in mid-August. 
The following varieties are considered no less popular: Kesha, Arcadia, Muromets and Cosmos. All of them are distinguished by large fleshy berries, the size of a small plum. They have a delicate aroma, sweetness and excellent taste. 
When do I need to buy planting material?
To purchase a quality vine, use the advice of experienced winegrowers:
- Don't buy in haste. If you decide to buy a seedling in a nursery, do not take the first one that comes across. Assess the situation, compare types, prices. It is good if there is an opportunity to examine adult specimens during fruiting.
- Consider purchasing cuttings from a large vineyard. Arrange an excursion with the owner, take an interest in the variety of varieties. Try your favorite bunch. And then ask to sell cuttings from the selected grapes. So you are guaranteed to get the right variety, and in addition to it valuable advice and instructions.
- Autumn material is usually hardier than spring material. If he endures the winter cold, then in the spring he quickly grows.
- Beginners are not recommended to immediately take on complex and expensive hybrid specimens. Often they require heightened attention, a certain base of knowledge and experience.
- Purchased seedlings should not be stored. They are recommended to soak in clean water and plant in the soil the next day.
Don't buy "high-end" grapes on the market from intrusive sellers. Otherwise, you risk buying a "pig in a poke".
Where is the best place to plant?
If you plan to plant one bush, then try to pick up for him sunny place. It should be away from trees and shrubs.
For the future large-scale vineyard, a place is selected with the following characteristics:
- slope on the south, southwest or east side;
- well-lit space during the day;
- a place remote from groundwater and wetlands.
Do not plant the vine on the north side, under a tree, or near a body of water.
How to plant?
- The material purchased and soaked during the day is cut a little. The roots are shortened quite a bit, but the shoot is reduced by 3 buds. If there are side layers, they are also removed.
- The prepared seedling is dipped with roots in a clay solution, and placed in a prepared trench or pit.
- Consult with experts on how to feed the grapes during planting, at what depth to place the heel of the chubuk and what kind of drainage is better fit better for your area. Such advice will be better than general advice.
- If planting is done in winter, then a mound should be made around the sprout, and when cold weather sets in, cover it plastic bottle. From above, shelter can be covered with mulch or peat.
- Spring planting involves moistening the landing pit. Having planted chibouks and compacted the soil around them, they make shading. The bright spring sun can burn young shoots.
- A week later, the spring seedlings are watered again, and after the soil dries out, its top layer is loosened.
How to take care of the vineyard in spring?
After the growth of young specimens, as well as one-year-old and two-year-old seedlings, a number of mandatory procedures are required.
Caring for grapes in spring is as follows:
- removal of weeds under the vine and around the bush;
- loosening the topsoil;
- annual pruning of weak roots at a depth of 20 cm underground (the soil is raked and carried out);
- spring preventive spraying of plants with Bordeaux liquid before the start of the growing season.
How to water correctly?
To ensure adequate nutrition for adult plants, it is necessary to carry out plentiful several times in the spring-summer season. At a time - at least 15 liters of water under 1 bush. Water in the roots should not stagnate. Otherwise, the occurrence of fungal diseases and rotting of the root system is possible. Properly organized drainage will help to avoid this. To understand how often to water the grapes in the summer, you need to know temperature regime region in summer. In a cold and rainy summer, you can fill the bushes 2 times. If the temperature indicators are normal, then 4 irrigation seasons can be carried out.
If the weather turned out to be too wet, then the grapes should be given Special attention. Special processing of grapes after a rain is obligatory. High humidity provokes the instant spread of harmful spores. It is necessary to spray the bushes with multi-purpose solutions that can protect against late blight, mildew and oidium.
What is pruning and when should it be done?
Growers in the middle lane carry out global pruning twice a year. in the autumn it is necessary before shelter for the winter. Long shoots are shortened, after which it is convenient to lay them in a recess and cover. The spring procedure occurs after opening. Frozen and dry shoots are removed. In addition, during the growth of the bush, they pinch the shoots and cut them for correct formation vines.
In order for the bush to be properly formed, it must be cut from the first year. Green shoots break off, not allowing them to braid the branches. On young specimens, flowering branches are removed, preventing berries from developing. First-years can be exhausted, giving all their strength to growing a bunch. The left shoots are directed and tied up.
If you expect to get a powerful plant, then it is better to direct all the sprouts left up.
The correct formation of a grape bush from the first year is shown in a video that will help you understand the basic principles of the procedure and prevent mistakes.
How to cover grapes for the winter?
All hybrid varieties need a warm winter. Therefore, in the fall, before the onset of frost, it is necessary to dig in or cover all the shoots with covering material. This will keep the plant from freezing. After autumn pruning, the bush is well watered. Then all the lashes are removed from the trellis () and laid on straw or dry leaves. From above they close with spruce branches, wooden structure or just cover with a layer of earth.
If you do not know how to cover the grapes for the winter, you should watch the video and prepare in advance. This procedure cannot be abandoned, otherwise a healthy plant cannot be grown.
Formation of a young grape bush - video
Grapes are one of ancient cultures, which man began to grow. No wonder it is called the "berry of life", because it contains great amount beneficial vitamins and antioxidants. Many mistakenly believe that a fruitful vine can only be grown in the southern regions. Numerous frost-resistant varieties, thanks to which planting and caring for grapes can be carried out even in central Russia.
Planting grapes in the garden
Before you buy a seedling, you must choose suitable variety. The gardener must take into account a number of factors: frost resistance, exacting care, the timing of the ripening of berries, and much more. The following varieties are suitable for cultivation in the northern part of the country:
- Isabella - high yielding variety, withstands frosts down to -32 ° C;
- Riesling is a wine variety that does not require special care, tolerates frosts down to -26 ° C;
- Alpha - a variety resistant to a number of diseases, withstands frosts down to -29 ° C;
- Nina - unpretentious variety, berries are slightly sour, tolerate frosts down to -25 ° C;
- Amur grapes are an early ripe variety that can withstand frosts down to -29 ° C.
Before buying, the seedling should be carefully examined, it should be strong, without signs of any disease.
When to plant grapes, the choice of location on the site
When and how to plant grapes so that the seedlings take root faster? This question is often asked by beginner gardeners. It all depends on the planting material. Lignified shoots are planted from the 20th of April to the end of May, depending on weather conditions. More tender, green seedlings - not before the first numbers of June. Professionals recommend planting from September 20 to October 10; it is believed that in autumn, seedlings adapt faster to cold weather and endure winter more easily. In this case, special attention will need to be paid to the shelter of plants.
Grapes prefer sun-drenched areas, so it is best to plant them along a wall or fence on the south side. It is unpretentious to the choice of soil, but in areas where the earth is too dense, it is necessary to add drainage when planting, if, on the contrary, it is a peat bog, it should be diluted with sand. You can grow grapes in almost any area, it will not grow only on salt marshes and in the area where groundwater passes close to the surface.
Planting grape seedlings
A pit measuring 80x80x80 cm is prepared for planting. A peg is placed exactly in the middle, and a layer of gravel or broken brick (drainage) is poured onto the bottom, a 10-centimeter layer is enough. Further, humus or cow dung is placed in the pit (three 10-liter containers), sprinkled with potassium salt (100 g), superphosphate (250 g) and ash (slightly less than a shovel). No more than a third of the pit is filled with garden soil and watered abundantly.
Next, the question arises, how to plant grapes correctly? An embankment is made around the peg (support), and on the resulting elevation, the roots of the seedling are straightened, tying it with a flap soft tissue to the support. The seedling should be planted at the same level as it grew in the shipping container. The rest of the soil is carefully distributed around the plant and lightly compacts the soil. It is recommended to mulch the near-stem circle using humus, compost or peat, a layer thickness of 3 cm is sufficient.
What to do next, how to grow grapes on garden plot? You can immediately prepare the supports, which consist of a frame and thick wire. The first stretch should take place at a level of 30 cm from the ground, the second - 50 cm and the third - 70 cm. If several copies are planted, then a distance of at least one and a half meters must be observed between the seedlings. When planting vines along walls or fences, 45 cm should be retreated.
Features of grape care
Growing a plant such as grapes on the site, planting and caring for the initial stage may seem like a somewhat difficult task to the gardener. Actually most of the work has already been done and as soon as the seedling takes root, it remains only to regularly cut and pinch the shoots, water and fertilize.
Watering the grapes
For good growth and fruiting, the plant needs enough moisture, but excessive dampness should be avoided. If the summer is not too dry, then it is enough to carry out 5 procedures per season. Water for irrigation is used warm, previously settled in a barrel. After watering, the earth is loosened and, if necessary, weeds are removed.
Fertilization
Growing grapes on personal plot unthinkable without regular feeding. In the active growth phase mineral fertilizers, in just a season, 3 procedures should be carried out. In autumn, once every 2 years, during digging, cow dung is added at the rate of 7 kg per 1 m² of plantings.
The vine will begin to bear fruit only in the third year after planting.
Vine pruning
Young seedlings are pruned as soon as the length of the side branches reaches 12 cm. When carrying out the first pruning, 4 strong shoots are left on the central stem and 2 on the handle. Further adjustment of the branches is carried out annually. A week before the start of flowering, pinch the top of the vine, this is done in order to get more side shoots. In order for the clusters to ripen well, the leaves that shade them are removed. Also break off all weak, dry and damaged branches.
The vine grows very quickly, so every autumn the branches are thinned out, removing young green shoots with garden pruners. Lignified branches are cut no more than 2/3, the cut should be at a right angle.
Preparing the vineyard for winter
After planting the grapes, care for him continues until the very cold. In autumn, shortly before the onset of frost, the ground around the plants is mulched, the layer thickness should be 6-8 cm. sawdust, shavings, peat or humus. The vine is gently bent to the ground and covered with spruce branches or special material. If the variety is frost-resistant, and the winter is expected to be snowy, but mild, then there is no need for additional shelter.
For the first 2-3 years, young seedlings that are grown in a temperate warm climate must be covered for the winter, regardless of the variety chosen. .
Considering that grapes are a heat-loving plant, many gardeners living in the northern part of the country have come up with a number of tricks to create a favorable microclimate for plants.
Before planting seedlings, a wooden screen about a meter high is installed along the ridge on the north side. From the landing side, it is sheathed with sheets of iron and painted in dark green or dark brown. Iron, heated by the sun, creates an optimal microclimate in the vineyard, even if the weather outside is not hot. In addition, the screen will reliably protect landings from cold northern winds.
When growing grapes, you can resort to another trick. A furrow is dug 25 cm from the seedlings and placed there. glass bottles from under wine or beer bottoms up. The bottles are placed close to each other and buried, leaving only 4-5 cm on the surface. Such a peculiar " solar battery» in clear weather it is able to warm the soil up to 30 cm.
Video how to grow grapes
Most owners of subsidiary farms believe that growing grapes in the middle lane for beginners is an unpromising, troublesome and unprofitable business. Accordingly, the idea of breeding this crop for sale inspires few rural entrepreneurs. Meanwhile, there is nothing difficult in creating a fertile vineyard in the conditions of central Russia, and the tips from this article will help beginners organize it correctly.
When choosing a variety for a vineyard in the middle lane, you need to consider several points:
- Ripening time - a climate with less light and heat leads to delayed fruit ripening, so early-ripening varieties should be chosen for planting;
- Late return frosts - weather changes may make it necessary to cover young or adult shoots, so it is recommended to plant small or medium-sized plants;
- Unforeseen factors - the harsh climate and the inexperience of the gardener can lead to freezing, soaking or drying out of plants. Varieties with fruitful eyes at the base of the shoot have the highest survival rate - they should be chosen for planting.
Technology and cultivation nuances
Choice of location and soil
The place for the vineyard should be as sunny as possible and protected from the northern winds. Plants do not tolerate stagnant moisture, so in wet areas it is necessary to make good drainage from branches and gravel.
Grapes grow well in almost all types of soil that conduct water well. The main thing is timely top dressing and abundant watering at least 5 times per season.
Dates and methods of landing
Landing can be done in two ways: in a trench 50 cm deep and wide, or in a high ridge (25 cm), reinforced with side walls. The distance between plants in a row should be 1.0 - 1.5 m, and between adjacent rows up to 2.5 m. To support growing grapes, poles are dug between plants, on which a wire is pulled in 30 cm increments.
Agricultural technology
Grape care consists in weeding and loosening the ground under the bushes, rare but plentiful watering and feeding plants with complex mineral and organic fertilizers three times a season: in the spring, before flowering and during the ripening of the crop.
If the conditions for growth and development are satisfactory, the grapes will begin to bear fruit in the third year after planting.
grape pruning
Pruning grapes should be twice a year: in the fall, before shelter for the winter and in the spring, before placing the vines on a support.
During autumn pruning, thin and weak one-year-old shoots are removed, leaving 3-4 main lashes. In the spring, the frozen parts of the bushes are cut out.
Organization of the wintering of the vineyard
Before wintering, the vines of each bush must be carefully removed from their supports, cut and tied together. The connected bushes are laid on spruce branches (roofing material, spunbond), another layer of spruce branches or insulation is placed on top, and then the bushes are covered with waterproof material: roofing felt or film. The roots of grapes are also necessarily sheltered from frost.
In the spring, do not rush to unleash the bushes and direct the vines to the supports. The first time after removing the shelter, you can leave the bushes tied up in a lying position - in this form they will more easily endure sudden return frosts.
Income from the vineyard
The vineyard will give the first fruits only in the third year, and will reach the maximum fruiting in five years. From one square meter can collect about 5 kg. grapes. With a modest plantation of 100 sq. m. and selling grapes through shops or the market for 100-150 rubles, you can earn 50-75 thousand rubles per season.
A large business for growing and selling grapes in the middle lane is unlikely to be profitable, since labor costs are quite high and the risks of the death of large plantations are quite likely. However, as an additional source that brings a small income annually, a mini-plantation of grapes is very attractive.