Introduction date for newly developed products 01.01.87
for products in production - upon revision technical documentation This standard specifies the designation of metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings in technical documentation. 1. The designations of the methods for processing the base metal are given in table. 1.Table 1
|
Designation |
Base metal processing method |
Designation |
|
| Cracking | crc | Electrochemical polishing | ep |
| Punching | shtm | "Snow" etching | snzh |
| Shading | shtr | Pearl-like finish | f |
| Vibration rolling | vbr | Drawing arched lines | dl |
| Diamond processing | alm | Hairline application | ow |
| Satin | stn | Passivation | Chem. Pass |
| Matting | mt | ||
| Mechanical polishing | mp | ||
| Chemical polishing | xn |
table 2
|
Coating preparation method |
Designation |
Coating preparation method |
Designation |
| Cathodic reduction | - | Condensing (vacuum) | Con |
| Anodic oxidation * | An | Contact | CT |
| Chemical | Chem | Contact-mechanical | Km |
| Hot | Mountains | Cathodic sputtering | Cr |
| Diffusion | Dif | Firing | Vzh |
| Thermal spraying | According to GOST 9.304-87 | Enameling | Em |
| Thermal decomposition ** | Tr | Cladding | PC |
Table 3
|
Designation |
Coating metal name |
Designation |
|
| Aluminum | A | Palladium | Pd |
| Bismuth | In and | Platinum | Pl |
| Tungsten | V | Rhenium | Re |
| Iron | F | Rhodium | Rd |
| Gold | Evil | Ruthenium | RU |
| Indium | Ying | Lead | WITH |
| Iridium | Ir | Silver | Wed |
| Cadmium | Cd | Antimony | Su |
| Cobalt | NS | Titanium | Tee |
| Copper | M | Chromium | NS |
| Nickel | N | Zinc | C |
| Tin | O |
Table 4
|
Designation |
Name of the coating material with alloys |
Designation |
|
| Aluminum-zinc | A-C | Nickel-phosphorus | N-F |
| Gold Silver | Zl-Wed | Nickel-Cobalt-Tungsten | N-Co-B |
| Gold-Silver-Copper | Zl-Wed-M | Nickel Cobalt Phosphorus | N-Co-F |
| Gold-antimony | Zl-Su | Nickel-chromium-iron | H-H-J |
| Gold-nickel | Zl-N | Tin-bismuth | O-wee |
| Gold-zinc-nickel | Zl-c-n | Tin-cadmium | O-cd |
| Gold-copper | Zl-M | Tin-cobalt | Eye |
| Gold-copper-cadmium | Zl-M-Kd | Tin Nickel | HE |
| Cobalt gold | Zl-Ko | Tin Lead | O-S |
| Gold-Nickel-Cobalt | Zl-n-ko | Tin zinc | O-C |
| Gold-platinum | Zl-Pl | Palladium-Nickel | Pd-N |
| Indium gold | Zl-In | Silver-copper | Wed-M |
| Copper-tin (bronze) | M-O | Silver-antimony | Wed-Su |
| Copper-tin-zinc (brass) | M-O-C | Silver-palladium | Wed-Pd |
| Copper-zinc (brass) | M-C | Cobalt-tungsten | Ko-B |
| Copper-lead-tin (bronze) | M-C-O | Cobalt-tungsten-vanadium | Ko-W-Wah |
| Nickel-boron | N-B | Cobalt-manganese | Ko-Mts |
| Nickel-tungsten | H-B | Zinc-nickel | C-N |
| Nickel-iron | H-F | Zinc titanium | Ts-Ti |
| Nickel-cadmium | N-Kd | Cadmium titanium | Cd-tee |
| Nickel-cobalt | N-Co | Chromium vanadium | X-Wah |
| Chromium-carbon | X-Y | Titanium nitride | Ti-Az |
Table 5
10. If it is necessary to indicate the electrolyte (solution) from which it is required to obtain a coating, use the designations given in the mandatory Appendices 2, 3. Electrolytes (solutions) not specified in the Appendices are designated by their full name, for example, Ts9. ammonium chloride. xp, M15. pyrophosphate. 11. The designations of the functional properties of the coatings are given in table. 6.Table 6
12. Notation decorative properties coatings are given in table. 7.Table 7
|
The name of the decorative property |
Decorative cover tag |
Designation |
| Shine | Mirrored | zk |
| Brilliant | b | |
| Semi-brilliant | pb | |
| Matt | m | |
| Roughness | Smooth | ch |
| Slightly rough | us | |
| Rough | NS | |
| Very rough | lice | |
| Drawing | Figured | rcch |
| Texture | Crystalline | cr |
| Layered | sl | |
| Colour* | - | Color name |
Table 8
|
Name of additional coating treatment |
Designation |
| Hydrophobization | hfj |
| Filling in water | nv |
| Filling in chromate solution | nhr |
| Application paintwork | paintwork |
| Oxidation | oks |
| Reflow | opl |
| Impregnation (varnish, glue, emulsion, etc.) | prp |
| Oil impregnation | prm |
| Heat treatment | T |
| Toning | tn |
| Phosphating | phos |
| Chemical staining including filling in dye solution | Color name |
| Chromating * | xp |
| Electrochemical staining | e-mail Color name |
ANNEX 1
Mandatory
DESIGNATIONS OF NICKEL AND CHROME COATINGS
|
Coating name |
Designation |
|
|
abbreviated |
||
| Nickel obtained from electrolyte with brightening additives, containing more than 0.04% sulfur | - | NB |
| Nickel matt or semi-gloss, containing less than 0.05% sulfur; elongation at tensile test not less than 8% | - | Npb |
| Nickel containing 0.12-0.20% sulfur | - | NS |
| Nickel double layer (duplex) | Nd | Npb. NB |
| Nickel three-layer (triplex) | NT | Npb. NS. NB |
| Nickel two-layer composite - nickel-force * | Nsil | Nb. Ns |
| Nickel two-layer composite | Ndz | Npb. Ns |
| Nickel three-layer composite | Ntz | Npb. NS. Ns |
| Chrome ordinary | - | NS |
| Chrome porous | - | Xn |
| Chrome microcracked | - | Hmt |
| Chrome microporous | - | Hmp |
| Chrome "milk" | - | Hmol |
| Chrome double layer | Xd | Khmol. H. tv |
APPENDIX 2
Mandatory
DESIGNATIONS OF ELECTROLYTES FOR OBTAINING COATINGS
|
Base metal |
Coating name |
Main components |
Designation |
| Aluminum and its alloys | Oxide | Chromic anhydride | chromium |
| Oxalic acid, titanium salts | umt | ||
| Boric acid, chromic anhydride | umt | ||
| Magnesium and its alloys | Oxide | Ammonium bifluoride or potassium fluoride | fluorine |
| Ammonium bifluoride, potassium dichromate or chromic anhydride | fluorine. chromium | ||
| Ammonium bifluoride, sodium dichromate, phosphoric acid | fluorine. chromium. phos |
APPENDIX 3
Mandatory
DESIGNATIONS FOR COATING SOLUTIONS
|
Base metal |
Coating name |
Main components |
Designation |
| Magnesium and its alloys | Oxide | Potassium dichromate (sodium) with various activators | chromium |
| Potassium dichromate (sodium) with various activators, hydrofluoric acid and potassium fluoride (sodium) | chromium. fluorine | ||
| Magnesium and its alloys | Oxide | Caustic soda, potassium stannate, sodium acetate, sodium pyrophosphate | mill |
| Steel, cast iron | Oxide | Ammonium molybdate | mdn |
| Steel | Phosphate | Barium nitrate, zinc monophosphate, zinc nitrate | oks |
| Cast iron | Phosphate | Barium nitrate, orthophosphoric acid, manganese dioxide | oks |
| Magnesium and its alloys | Phosphate | Barium monophosphate, phosphoric acid, sodium fluoride | fluorine |
APPENDIX 4
Mandatory
EXAMPLES OF RECORDING COATING SYMBOLS
|
Coating |
Designation |
| Zinc 6 microns thick with colorless chromating | Ts6. xp. btsv |
| Zinc, 15 microns thick with khaki chromating | Ts15. xp. khaki |
| Zinc 9 microns thick with rainbow chromating followed by painting | C9. xr / lkp |
| Zinc, 6 microns thick, oxidized black | Ts6. Ox. h |
| Zinc 6 microns thick, phosphated in a solution containing barium nitrate, zinc monophosphate, zinc nitrate, impregnated with oil | Ts6. phos. Ox. prm |
| Zinc, 15 microns thick, phosphated, hydrophobized | Ts15. phos. hfj |
| Zinc with a thickness of 6 microns, obtained from an electrolyte in which there are no cyanide salts | Ts6. non-cyanide |
| Cadmium 3 microns thick, with a nickel sublayer 9 microns thick, with subsequent heat treatment, chromated | H9. Kd3. t. xp |
| Nickel, 12 microns thick, shiny, obtained on a vibro-rolled surface with subsequent polishing | vbr. H12. b |
| Nickel, 15 microns thick, shiny, obtained from electrolyte with brightening agent | Nb. 15 |
| Chrome with a thickness of 0.5-1 microns, shiny, with a sublayer of forces - nickel with a thickness of 9 microns | Nsil9. H. b |
| Chrome with a thickness of 0.5-1 microns, with a sublayer of semi-shiny nickel with a thickness of 12 microns, obtained on a satin-finished surface | stn. Npb12.X |
| Chrome 0.5-1 microns thick, shiny with a copper sublayer 24 mm thick and two-layer nickel 15 microns thick | M24. Nd15. H. b |
| Chrome 0.5-1 microns thick, shiny, with a copper sublayer 30 microns thick and three-layer nickel 15 microns thick | M30.Nt15. H. b |
| Chrome with a thickness of 0.5-1 microns, shiny with a sublayer of a two-layer nickel composite coating with a thickness of 18 microns | Ndz 18. H. b |
| Chrome two-layer 36 microns thick: "milky" 24 mm thick, solid 12 microns thick | Xd36; Hmol 24. X12. tv |
| Coating with a tin-lead alloy with a mass fraction of tin 55-60% thick 3 microns, melted | O-C (60) 3. opl. |
| Coating with a tin-lead alloy with a mass fraction of tin of 35-40% and a thickness of 6 microns, with a nickel sublayer with a thickness of 6 microns | H6. O-S (40) 6 |
| Tin coating 3 microns thick, crystalline, followed by painting | 03. cr / lkp |
| Copper 6 microns thick, shiny, tinted in blue color, followed by painting | M6. b. tn. blue / lkp |
| Plating with a gold-nickel alloy 3 microns thick, with a nickel sublayer 3 microns thick | H3. 3L-N (98.5-99.5) 3 |
| Gold, 1 μm thick, obtained on the surface after diamond cutting | alm. 3L1 |
| Chemical nickel, 9 microns thick, hydrophobized | Chem. H9. gfzh; Chem. H9. gfzh 139-41 |
| Chemical phosphate oil impregnated | Chem. Phos. prm |
| Chemical phosphate obtained in a solution containing barium nitrate, zinc monophosphate, zinc nitrate | Chem. Phos. oks |
| Chemical oxide conductive | Chem. Oaks. NS |
| Chemical oxide obtained in a solution containing sodium hydroxide, potassium stannate, sodium acetate, sodium pyrophosphate, followed by painting | Chem. Oaks. mill / lkp |
| Chemical oxide obtained in a solution of potassium (sodium) dichromate with various activators | Chem. Oaks. chromium |
| Chemical oxide obtained in a solution containing ammonium molybdate, impregnated with oil | Chem. Oaks. mdn. prm |
| Anodic-oxide solid, filled in a solution of chromates | An. Oaks. tv nhr |
| Anodic-oxide electrical insulating with subsequent application of paint and varnish coating | An. Oaks. eiz / lkp |
| Anodic oxide solid impregnated with oil | An. Oaks. tv prm; An. Oaks. tv butter 137-02 |
| Anodic oxide obtained on a hatched surface | pcs. An. Oaks |
| Anodic oxide, obtained colored green in the process of anodic oxidation | Anotsvet. green |
| Anodic oxide, electrochemically painted dark gray | An. Oaks. e-mail dark grey |
| Anodic oxide obtained on a chemically polished surface, painted chemically in red | xn. An. Oaks. Red |
| An. Oaks. chromium | |
| Anodic oxide obtained in an electrolyte containing chromic anhydride | An. Oaks. chromium |
| Anodic oxide, obtained in an electrolyte containing oxalic acid and titanium salts, solid | An. Oaks. emt. tv |
| Anodic oxide obtained on a matted surface in an electrolyte containing boric acid, chromic anhydride | mt. An. Oaks. umt |
| Hot coating obtained from POS 61 solder | Mountains. Pos 61 |
| Silver, 9 microns thick, with a 3 micron chemical nickel sublayer | Chem. H3. Wed9 |
| Coating obtained by chemical passivation, hydrophobized | Chem. Pass. hfj |
APPENDIX 5
Reference
IDENTIFICATION OF COATINGS ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
1. The material of the base metal and the coating is denoted by the chemical symbol of the element. The material of the base metal, consisting of an alloy, is denoted by the chemical symbol of the element with the maximum mass fraction. The main non-metallic material is designated NM, the plastic is PL. The coating material, consisting of an alloy, is denoted by the chemical symbols of the components included in the alloy, separated by a hyphen. The maximum mass fraction of the first component is indicated after the chemical symbol of the first component before the hyphen. 2. The designation of the methods for obtaining the coating are given in table. nine.
Table 9
3. Designations of additional coating processing are given in table. ten.Table 10
* The color of the chromate film means: A - colorless with a bluish tint; B - colorless with a rainbow shade; C - yellow, rainbow; D - olive (khaki) Coatings A and B belong to the 1st class of chromate coatings, the coatings C and D, which have higher corrosion resistance, belong to the 2nd class. 4. The designation of the types of nickel and chrome coatings are given in table. eleven.Table 11
|
Coating name |
Designation |
| 1. Chrome ordinary | |
| 2. Chrome without cracks | |
| 3. Chrome microcrack | |
| 4. Chrome microporous | |
| 5. Nickel shiny | |
| 6. Nickel matt or semi-gloss, requiring polishing | |
| 7. Nickel matt or semi-gloss, which should not be polished mechanically | |
| 8. Nickel two-layer or three-layer |
Table 12
|
Coating |
Designation |
International standard designation |
| 1. Zinc coating on iron or steel with a thickness of 5 microns | ||
| 2. Zinc coating on iron or steel with a thickness of 25 microns with a colorless chromate coating of the 1st class | ||
| 3. Tin fused coating with a thickness of 5 microns, applied to iron or steel over a nickel sublayer with a thickness of 2.5 microns | ||
| 4. Silver plating on brass 20 microns thick | ||
| 5. Gold plating with a gold content of 99.5% on a copper alloy with a thickness of 0.5 microns |
Cu / Au (99.5) 0.5 |
|
| 6. Microcracked chrome coating up to 1 micron thick, on shiny nickel 25 microns thick, on plastic |
Pl / Ni 25 bCrmc |
|
| 7. Plating with a tin-lead alloy, with a tin content of 60%, 10 microns thick, melted, on iron or steel with a nickel sublayer 5 microns thick |
Fe / Ni5Sn60-Pb10f |
INFORMATION DATA
1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Academy of the Lithuanian SSRDEVELOPERSE.B. Davidavichus, Cand. chem. sciences; G.V. Kozlova, Cand. tech. sciences (topic leaders); E.B. Romashkene, Cand. chem. sciences; T.I. Berezhnyak; A.I. Volkov, Cand. tech. sciences; T.A. Karmanova2. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Decree State Committee USSR according to standards dated 01.24.85 No. 1643. The term of the first inspection is 1992; inspection frequency - 5 years4. Instead of GOST 9.037-77; GOST 21484-765. REFERENCE REGULATORY AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS 6. REPUBLICATION with Amendments No. 1, 2, approved in October 1985, February 1987 (IUS 1-86, 5-87)CHANGE No. 3 approved by the Resolution of the State Standard of Russia dated 05.22.92 No. 498 (IUS 8-92)- GOST 9466-75 Coated metal electrodes for manual arc welding of steels and surfacing. Classification and general specifications
- GOST 9467-75 Coated metal electrodes for manual arc welding of structural and heat-resistant steels. Types
- GOST 26804-86 Road metal barrier fences. Technical conditions
- GOST 19231.0-83 Reinforced concrete slabs for tramway tracks. Technical conditions
- GOST 21924.0-84 Reinforced concrete slabs for urban road surfaces. Technical conditions
- GOST 21924.1-84 Reinforced concrete prestressed slabs for urban road surfaces. Design and dimensions
The word "corrosion" comes from the Latin " corrosio"which means" fret"Corrosion is the physicochemical process of destruction of materials and products from them, leading to their deterioration. operational properties, under influence environment... Many methods and means have been invented to prevent corrosion.
You can learn more about corrosion from the movie:
Types and designation of coatings
There is quite a large number of coatings applied different ways on fasteners. All coatings can be conditionally divided into three types: protective, protective-decorative, decorative.
On the territory of the republics the former USSR, at the moment, the following symbols have been adopted for the types of protective and protective-decorative coatings of fasteners -, etc. (in the drawings and summary tables you can find both alphabetic and digital designations of the coating) - all the most common types of coatings are given in the following table :
| Coating type | Designation according to GOST 9.306-85 | Digital designation |
|---|---|---|
| Zinc, chromated | Ts.khr | 01 |
| Cadmium chromated | Kd.xr | 02 |
| Multilayer: Copper-Nickel | M.N | 03 |
| Multilayer: Copper-Nickel-Chromium | M.N.Kh.b | 04 |
| Oxidic, oil-impregnated | Chem.Ox.prm | 05 |
| Oil-impregnated phosphate | Chem.Phos.prm | 06 |
| Pewter | O | 07 |
| Copper | M | 08 |
| Zinc | C | 09 |
| Zinc hot | Mountains. C | 09 |
| Oxide, rich in chromates | An. Oaks. Nhr | 10 |
| Oxidic, from acidic solutions | Chem. Pass | 11 |
| Silver | Wed | 12 |
| Nickel | N | 13 |
The name of the coating is placed after the dot, at the end of the designation of the fastener element. The number immediately after the designation of the coating indicates the thickness of the applied coating in microns, microns (1 micron = 1/1000 mm). If the coating is multilayer, then the total thickness of all coating layers is indicated.
How to define coverage parameters in a fastener designation
- Bolt М20-6gх80.58. 019 GOST 7798-70 - Coated bolt number 01 (zinc, chromated - the most common "galvanized" coating; looks shiny white, sometimes with a yellowish or bluish tint) 9 μm ;
- Nut М14-6Н. 0522 GOST 5927-70 - Nut coated number 05 (chemical oxide, impregnated with oil - popularly called "oxidation"; outwardly it looks black, shiny or matte) 22 μm ;
- Oiler 1.2. Ts6 GOST 19853-74 - coated grease nipple C (zinc - also "galvanized", also called "hot zinc" - by the method of coating; visually differs from "galvanized zinc" by the absence of pronounced gloss and the visible structure of "flakes" on the surface of the coated part) 6 microns ;
- Washer A.24.01.10kp. Kd6.xr GOST 11371-89 - Coated washer Kd.xr (cadmium, chromated - what is called "cadmium"; looks yellow, with an iridescent sheen) 6 microns ;
- Screw V.M5-6gx25.32. 1315 GOST 1491-80 - screw plated brass number 13 (nickel, simply called "nickel plated"; looks greyish white with a slight sheen) 15 microns ;
- Washer 8.BrAMts9-2. M.N.Kh.b.32 GOST 6402-70 - bronze grover washer with multilayer coating M.N.Kh.b (coating copper-nickel-chrome, or, more simply, "chrome-plated"; looks like a mirror, with a pronounced shine) total thickness 32 μm .
Modern production knows many ways to improve appearance cast iron and steel products, extend their life and even form dielectric layers. This can be achieved using a procedure such as chemical oxidation with oiling (chemical ox. Prm.). This service, performed by the production company "PK Spetsdetal", allows you to create a marketable appearance of many parts - giving them at the same time a noble black color, and preventing the occurrence of corrosive processes.
Chemical oxidation by oiling - what is it?
The service is a deliberate process of oxidation of the surface layer metal products in heated solutions of caustic soda with the addition of sodium nitrate or nitrous acid.
Main steps
Sorted parts are dipped in a solution soda ash, caustic soda and trisodium phosphate for chemical degreasing. Then, at a temperature of 90 degrees, they are hot washed. Further, already in cold water parts are cold washed. Next, etching is performed with inhibited hydrochloric acid, which helps to get rid of the formed oil film. Further, the cold washing procedure is repeated and the oxidation procedure is performed. Its essence is that all parts are dipped for 1.5 hours in a mixture of hot concentrated alkaline solution, iron and water. The next steps are the aforementioned cold, hot rinsing, drying. As a result, already dry parts are impregnated with industrial oil.
What are the main advantages of the procedure?
- Long-term operation without corrosion, increased adhesion of adhesives and other paints and varnishes.
- Appearance on details decorative coating deep black without glare. As a result, increased attention to the product and an increased percentage of sales.
- There are no changes in the dimensions of the processed parts - the maximum deviation is 0.6-1.2 microns.
- Quality of execution. The coating applied by PC Spetsdetal does not lose color and integrity even at temperatures above 180 degrees.
- Efficiency of order fulfillment, as well as the general low cost of the procedure. Having processed spare parts once, you can enjoy their flawless work for years.
Indicators of the properties of the material of products subjected to thermal or other types of processing are given in the technical requirements of the drawing.
If individual sections of the product are subjected to processing, then they are circled with a thickened dash-dot line at a distance of 0.8 - 1 mm from the contour line and the indicators are put on the shelf of the leader line drawn from the dash-dot line. In this case, the values of the properties of materials indicate the limits (Figure 2.45)
The surface or area of the product, defined by the term or technical concept, is allowed not to be isolated, but to be recorded in the technical requirements by type ShankHDTVh 0,8…1, 48...52 NRWITH or SurfaceAHDTVh 0,8…1, 45...50 NRWITH. It is allowed to indicate the types of processing on the drawing if they are the only ones that guarantee the required properties (for example, cementation, nitriding, annealing, HFC, etc.).
Figure 2.45
2.3.5 Designation of coatings and material properties
The designation of coatings of materials is applied on the drawings of products in accordance with GOST 2.310-68.
Paints and varnishes are designated in accordance with GOST 9.032-74 and GOST 9.104-79.
The designation of the coating is given in the technical requirements of the drawing after the word Coating, then provide data on the coating materials (brand and designation of the standard or technical conditions) indicated in the designation. If the coating is not applied to the entire surface, then clarifications are made by the type:
- Coverageexternalsurfaces ...;
or an arrow indicates a surface and records:
- CoveragesurfacesA…;
- Coverage ... exceptsurfaceA.
Paints and varnishes (oil and enamel paints, as well as nitro enamels) are designated in the following order:
Designation of paints and varnishes according to GOST 9.074-77, GOST 9.401-89, GOST 9.404-81;
Coating class in terms of appearance (in ascending order of quality from I to VI);
Designation of operating conditions in terms of the impact of climatic factors and special environments (table 2.10 - 2.12).
Table 2.10 - Climatic modification of products
Table 2.12 - Operating conditions
|
Special operating environments (operating conditions according to GOST 9.032-74) |
Condition designation exploitation |
|
Deep cold (below - 60 0 С) | |
|
Open flame | |
|
Impact biological factors | |
|
Mineral oils and greases | |
|
Gasoline, kerosene and other petroleum products | |
|
Corrosive gases, vapors | |
|
Acid solutions | |
|
Alkali solutions | |
|
Electrical insulating | |
|
Electrically conductive |
The designation of the paintwork material, the coating class and the designation of the operating conditions are separated by dots. When exposed to various operating conditions, their designations are separated by a dash.
Examples of designations of paint and varnish coatings are given in table 2 . 13.
The designation in the technical documentation of metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings is regulated by GOST 9.306-85 .
The designation includes:
Designation of the coating production method (table 2.18);
Coating material designation;
Minimum coating thickness, microns (not specified up to 1 micron);
Designation of the functional or decorative properties of coatings (if necessary);
Additional processing designations (if necessary).
The coverage designation is recorded in a line. All components of the designation are separated from each other by dots, with the exception of the coating material and thickness, as well as the designation of additional paintwork, which is separated by a line of fraction.
Table 2.13 - Designation of coatings
|
Designation coatings |
Coating characteristic |
|
Enamel ML-152 blue. II.Y1 |
Coating with ML-152 blue enamel according to the II class operated in the open air of a temperate climate |
|
Enamel XC-710 gray. Varnish XC-76.IY / 7/2 |
Coating with gray enamel XC-710, followed by varnishing with varnish XC-76 according to class IY, operated when exposed to acids |
|
Enamel XB-124 blue. Y.7 / 1-T2 |
Coating with blue enamel XB-124 of the class operated under a canopy in an atmosphere polluted by gases of chemical industries in a tropical climate |
|
FL-03k brown primer.YI.Y3 |
Coating with FL-03k primer according to YI class, used in a closed room with natural ventilation in a temperate climate |
|
Enamel PF-115 dark gray 896.III.UKHL1 |
Coating with dark gray 896 enamel PF-115 according to class III, used outdoors in temperate and cold climates |
The designation of the coating production method is given in Table 2.14.
Table 2.14 - Method of obtaining a coating
Non-metallic inorganic coating means:
Oxide - ox;
Phosphate - phos.
Functional properties of the coating:
Solid (TV);
Electrical insulating (IEZ);
Electrically conductive (e).
Decorative properties:
a) gloss: mirror (zk), shiny (b), matte (m);
b) roughness: smooth (gl), slightly rough (ssh), rough (w), very rough (lw);
c) drawing (rsc);
Additional coating treatment:
Oxidation (ox);
Reflow (opl);
Oil impregnation (prm);
Phosphating (phos);
Chromating (xp), etc.
Examples of recording the designation of coatings are given in table 2.15.
Table 2.15 - Designation of coatings
|
Coating |
Designation |
|
Zinc 6 microns thick with colorless chromating |
Ts6.khr.btsv. |
|
Nickel, 15 microns thick, shiny |
H 15b. |
|
Chrome 0.5-1 microns thick, shiny with a copper sublayer 24 microns thick and two-layer nickel 15 microns thick |
M 24.Nd 15.Hb. |
|
Chemical phosphate oil impregnated |
Chem.Phos.prm |
|
Chemical oxide conductive |
Chem.Ox.E. |
|
Hot coating obtained from POS 61 solder |
Mountains Pos 61 |
If the paintwork is preceded by a metallic or non-metallic inorganic coating, then the coatings are separated by a slash (fraction sign), for example: Kd6 / VL-515 enamel red-brown III.6 / 2-cadmium coating 6 microns thick, followed by painting with VL- enamel 515 class III, for operation when exposed to oil products.
Introduction date for newly developed products 01.01.87
for products in production - when revising technical documentation
This standard specifies the designation of metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings in technical documentation.
1. Designations of the methods of processing the base metal are given in table. 1.
Table 1
|
Designation |
Base metal processing method |
Designation |
|
|
Cracking |
crc |
Electrochemical polishing |
ep |
|
Punching |
shtm |
"Snow" etching |
snzh |
|
Shading |
shtr |
Pearl-like finish |
|
|
Vibration rolling |
vbr |
Drawing arched lines |
dl |
|
Diamond processing |
alm |
Hairline application |
ow |
|
Satin |
stn |
Passivation |
Chem. Pass |
|
Matting |
mt |
||
|
Mechanical polishing |
mp |
||
|
Chemical polishing |
xn |
2. The designations of the methods of obtaining the coating are given in table. 2.
table 2
|
Coating preparation method |
Designation |
Coating preparation method |
Designation |
|
Cathodic reduction |
Condensing (vacuum) |
Con |
|
|
Anodic oxidation * |
An |
Contact |
CT |
|
Chemical |
Chem |
Contact-mechanical |
Km |
|
Hot |
Mountains |
Cathodic sputtering |
Cr |
|
Diffusion |
Dif |
Firing |
Vzh |
|
Thermal spraying |
According to GOST 9.304-87 |
Enameling |
Em |
|
Thermal decomposition ** |
Tr |
Cladding |
PC |
* The method of obtaining coatings, colored in the process of anodic oxidation of aluminum and its alloys, magnesium and its alloys, titanium alloys, is designated "Anotsvet".
** The method of obtaining coatings by thermal decomposition of organometallic compounds is designated Mos Tr
table 2
3. The coating material, consisting of metal, is designated by symbols in the form of one or two letters included in the Russian name of the corresponding metal.
The designations of the coating material, consisting of metal, are given in table. 3.
Table 3
|
Designation |
Coating metal name |
Designation |
|
|
Aluminum |
Palladium |
Pd |
|
|
Bismuth |
In and |
Platinum |
Pl |
|
Tungsten |
Rhenium |
Re |
|
|
Iron |
Rhodium |
Rd |
|
|
Gold |
Evil |
Ruthenium |
RU |
|
Indium |
Ying |
Lead |
|
|
Iridium |
Ir |
Silver |
Wed |
|
Cadmium |
Cd |
Antimony |
Su |
|
Cobalt |
NS |
Titanium |
Tee |
|
Copper |
Chromium |
||
|
Nickel |
Zinc |
||
|
Tin |
4. Designations for nickel and chrome coatings are mandatory.
5. The coating material, consisting of an alloy, is indicated by the symbols of the components that make up the alloy, separating them with a hyphen, and in parentheses indicate the maximum mass fraction of the first or second (in the case of a three-component alloy) components in the alloy, separating them with a semicolon. For example, a coating with a copper-zinc alloy with a mass fraction of copper of 50-60% and zinc of 40-50% is designated M-Ts (60); Coating with a copper-tin-lead alloy with a mass fraction of copper 70-78%, tin 10-18%, lead 4-20% are designated M-O-C (78; 18).
In the designation of the alloy coating material, if necessary, it is allowed to indicate the minimum and maximum mass fraction of the components, for example, coating with a gold-nickel alloy with a mass fraction of gold 93.0-95.0%, nickel 5.0-7.0% denote Zl-N ( 93.0-95.0).
In the designation of the coating with alloys based on precious metals of watch parts and jewelry, it is allowed to indicate the average mass fraction of the components.
For newly developed alloys, the components are designated in the order of decreasing their mass fraction.
6. Designations of coatings with alloys are given in table. 4.
Table 4
|
Designation |
Name of the coating material with alloys |
Designation |
|
|
Aluminum-zinc |
A-C |
Nickel-phosphorus |
N-F |
|
Gold Silver |
Zl-Wed |
Nickel-Cobalt-Tungsten |
N-Co-B |
|
Gold-Silver-Copper |
Zl-Wed-M |
Nickel Cobalt Phosphorus |
N-Co-F |
|
Gold-antimony |
Zl-Su |
Nickel-chromium-iron |
H-H-J |
|
Gold-nickel |
Zl-N |
Tin-bismuth |
O-wee |
|
Gold-zinc-nickel |
Zl-c-n |
Tin-cadmium |
O-cd |
|
Gold-copper |
Zl-M |
Tin-cobalt |
Eye |
|
Gold-copper-cadmium |
Zl-M-Kd |
Tin Nickel |
HE |
|
Cobalt gold |
Zl-Ko |
Tin Lead |
O-S |
|
Gold-Nickel-Cobalt |
Zl-n-ko |
Tin zinc |
O-C |
|
Gold-platinum |
Zl-Pl |
Palladium-Nickel |
Pd-N |
|
Indium gold |
Zl-In |
Silver-copper |
Wed-M |
|
Copper-tin (bronze) |
M-O |
Silver-antimony |
Wed-Su |
|
Copper-tin-zinc (brass) |
M-O-C |
Silver-palladium |
Wed-Pd |
|
Copper-zinc (brass) |
M-C |
Cobalt-tungsten |
Ko-B |
|
Copper-lead-tin (bronze) |
M-C-O |
Cobalt-tungsten-vanadium |
Ko-W-Wah |
|
Nickel-boron |
N-B |
Cobalt-manganese |
Ko-Mts |
|
Nickel-tungsten |
H-B |
Zinc-nickel |
C-N |
|
Nickel-iron |
H-F |
Zinc titanium |
Ts-Ti |
|
Nickel-cadmium |
N-Kd |
Cadmium titanium |
Cd-tee |
|
Nickel-cobalt |
N-Co |
Chromium vanadium |
X-Wah |
|
Chromium-carbon |
X-Y |
Titanium nitride |
Ti-Az |
Table 4 (Modified edition, Amendment No. 3).
7. In the designation of the coating material obtained by the firing method, indicate the grade of the starting material (paste) in accordance with the normative and technical documentation.
8. In the designation of the hot solder coating, indicate the grade of solder in accordance with GOST 21930-76, GOST 21931-76.
9. Designations of non-metallic inorganic coatings are given in table. 5.
Table 5
10. If it is necessary to indicate the electrolyte (solution) from which it is required to obtain a coating, use the designations given in the mandatory annexes.
Electrolytes (solutions) not specified in the appendices are designated by their full name, for example, C9. ammonium chloride. xp, M15. pyrophosphate.
11. Designations of the functional properties of the coatings are given in table. 6.
Table 6
12. Designations of decorative properties of coatings are given in table. 7.
Table 7
|
The name of the decorative property |
Decorative cover tag |
Designation |
|
Shine |
Mirrored |
zk |
|
Brilliant |
||
|
Semi-brilliant |
pb |
|
|
Matt |
||
|
Roughness |
Smooth |
ch |
|
Slightly rough |
us |
|
|
Rough |
||
|
Very rough |
lice |
|
|
Drawing |
Figured |
rcch |
|
Texture |
Crystalline |
cr |
|
Layered |
sl |
|
|
Colour* |
Color name |
* The color of the coating corresponding to the natural color of the deposited metal (zinc, copper, chromium, gold, etc.) does not serve as a basis for classifying the coating as colored.
The color of the coating is indicated by the full name, with the exception of the black coating - part.
13. Designations of additional coating processing are given in table. eight.
Table 8
|
Name of additional coating treatment |
Designation |
|
Hydrophobization |
hfj |
|
Filling in water |
nv |
|
Filling in chromate solution |
nhr |
|
Paint coating |
paintwork |
|
Oxidation |
oks |
|
Reflow |
opl |
|
Impregnation (varnish, glue, emulsion, etc.) |
prp |
|
Oil impregnation |
prm |
|
Heat treatment |
|
|
Toning |
tn |
|
Phosphating |
phos |
|
Chemical staining, including filling in dye solution |
Color name |
|
Chromating * |
xp |
|
Electrochemical staining |
e-mail Color name |
* If necessary, indicate the color of the chromate film: khaki - khaki, colorless - btsv; rainbow film color - no designation.
14. The designation of additional treatment of the coating by impregnation, hydrophobization, application of paint and varnish coating may be replaced by the designation of the grade of the material used for additional processing.
The grade of the material used for additional treatment of the coating is designated in accordance with the regulatory and technical documentation for the material.
The designation of a specific paint and varnish coating used as an additional treatment is made in accordance with GOST 9.032-74.
15. Methods of obtaining, coating material, designation of electrolyte (solution), properties and color of the coating, additional processing, not listed in this standard, are designated according to the technical documentation or recorded by the full name.
(Modified edition, Amendment No. 2).
16. The order of designation of the coating in the technical documentation:
designation of the method of processing the base metal (if necessary);
designation of the method of obtaining the coating;
designation of the coating material;
minimum coating thickness;
designation of the electrolyte (solution) from which the coating is required (if necessary);
designation of the functional or decorative properties of the coating (if necessary);
designation of additional processing (if necessary).
In the designation of the coating, the presence of all of the listed components is not necessary.
If necessary, in the designation of the coating, it is allowed to indicate the minimum and maximum thickness with a hyphen.
It is allowed to indicate the method of production, material and thickness of the coating in the designation of the coating, while the remaining components of the symbol are indicated in the technical requirements of the drawing.
(Modified edition, Amendment No. 2).
17. The thickness of the coating, equal to or less than 1 micron, is not indicated in the designation unless there is a technical need (except for precious metals).
18. Coatings used as technological (for example, zinc for zincate processing of aluminum and its alloys, nickel on corrosion-resistant steel, copper on copper alloys, copper on steel from cyanide electrolyte before acidic copper plating) may not be indicated in the designation.
19. If the coating is subjected to several types of additional processing, they are indicated in the technological sequence.
20. The designation of the coating is recorded in a line. All components of the designation are separated from each other by dots, with the exception of the coating material and thickness, as well as the designation of additional treatment with a paint and varnish coating, which is separated from the designation of a metallic or non-metallic inorganic coating by a shot line.
The designation of the production method and coating material should be written with a capital letter, the rest of the components - with a lowercase letter.
Examples of recording the designation of coatings are given in.
(Modified edition, Amendments No. 1, 2, 3).
21. The order of designation of coatings according to international standards is given in.
21. Introduced additionally (Modified edition, Amendment No. 3).
ANNEX 1
Mandatory
DESIGNATIONS OF NICKEL AND CHROME COATINGS
|
Coating name |
Designation |
|
|
abbreviated |
complete |
|
|
Nickel obtained from electrolyte with brightening additives, containing more than 0.04% sulfur |
NB |
|
|
Nickel matt or semi-gloss, containing less than 0.05% sulfur; elongation at tensile test not less than 8% |
Npb |
|
|
Nickel containing 0.12-0.20% sulfur |
NS |
|
|
Nickel double layer (duplex) |
Nd |
Npb. NB |
|
Nickel three-layer (triplex) |
NT |
Npb. NS. NB |
|
Nickel two-layer composite - nickel-force * |
Nsil |
Nb. Ns |
|
Nickel two-layer composite |
Ndz |
Npb. Ns |
|
Nickel three-layer composite |
Ntz |
Npb. NS. Ns |
|
Chrome ordinary |
||
|
Chrome porous |
Xn |
|
|
Chrome microcracked |
Hmt |
|
|
Chrome microporous |
Hmp |
|
|
Chrome "milk" |
Hmol |
|
|
Chrome double layer |
Xd |
Khmol. H. tv |
* If necessary, the technical requirements of the drawing indicate the symbol of the chemical element or the formula of the chemical compound used as the precipitated substance.
Note ... It is allowed to use abbreviated designations and indicate the total thickness of the coating.
(Modified edition, Amendment No. 2).
APPENDIX 2
Mandatory
DESIGNATIONS OF ELECTROLYTES FOR OBTAINING COATINGS
|
Base metal |
Coating name |
Main components |
Designation |
|
Aluminum and its alloys |
Oxide |
Chromic anhydride |
chromium |
|
Oxalic acid, titanium salts |
umt |
||
|
Boric acid, chromic anhydride |
umt |
||
|
Magnesium and its alloys |
Oxide |
Ammonium bifluoride or potassium fluoride |
fluorine |
|
Ammonium bifluoride, potassium dichromate or chromic anhydride |
fluorine. chromium |
||
|
Ammonium bifluoride, sodium dichromate, phosphoric acid |
fluorine. chromium. phos |
APPENDIX 3
Mandatory
DESIGNATIONS FOR COATING SOLUTIONS
|
Base metal |
Coating name |
Main components |
Designation |
|
Magnesium and its alloys |
Oxide |
Potassium dichromate (sodium) with various activators |
chromium |
|
Potassium dichromate (sodium) with various activators, hydrofluoric acid and potassium fluoride (sodium) |
chromium. fluorine |
||
|
Magnesium and its alloys |
Oxide |
Caustic soda, potassium stannate, sodium acetate, sodium pyrophosphate |
mill |
|
Steel, cast iron |
Oxide |
Ammonium molybdate |
mdn |
|
Steel |
Phosphate |
Barium nitrate, zinc monophosphate, zinc nitrate |
oks |
|
Cast iron |
Phosphate |
Barium nitrate, phosphoric acid, manganese dioxide |
oks |
|
Magnesium and its alloys |
Phosphate |
Barium monophosphate, phosphoric acid, sodium fluoride |
fluorine |
(Modified edition, Amendment No. 1).
APPENDIX 4
Mandatory
EXAMPLES OF RECORDING COATING SYMBOLS
|
Coating |
Designation |
|
Zinc 6 microns thick with colorless chromating |
Ts6. xp. btsv |
|
Zinc, 15 microns thick with khaki chromating |
Ts15. xp. khaki |
|
Zinc 9 microns thick with rainbow chromating followed by painting |
C9. xr / lkp |
|
Zinc, 6 microns thick, oxidized black |
Ts6. Ox. h |
|
Zinc 6 microns thick, phosphated in a solution containing barium nitrate, zinc monophosphate, zinc nitrate, impregnated with oil |
Ts6. phos. Ox. prm |
|
Zinc, 15 microns thick, phosphated, hydrophobized |
Ts15. phos. hfj |
|
Zinc with a thickness of 6 microns, obtained from an electrolyte in which there are no cyanide salts |
Ts6. non-cyanide |
|
Cadmium 3 microns thick, with a nickel sublayer 9 microns thick, with subsequent heat treatment, chromated |
H9. Kd3. t. xp |
|
Nickel, 12 microns thick, shiny, obtained on a vibro-rolled surface with subsequent polishing |
vbr. H12. b |
|
Nickel, 15 microns thick, shiny, obtained from electrolyte with brightening agent |
Nb. 15 |
|
Chrome with a thickness of 0.5-1 microns, shiny, with a sublayer of forces - nickel with a thickness of 9 microns |
Nsil9. H. b |
|
Chrome with a thickness of 0.5-1 microns, with a sublayer of semi-shiny nickel with a thickness of 12 microns, obtained on a satin-finished surface |
stn. Npb12.X |
|
Chrome 0.5-1 microns thick, shiny with a copper sublayer 24 mm thick and two-layer nickel 15 microns thick |
M24. Nd15. H. b |
|
Chrome 0.5-1 microns thick, shiny, with a copper sublayer 30 microns thick and three-layer nickel 15 microns thick |
M30.Nt15. H. b |
|
Chrome with a thickness of 0.5-1 microns, shiny with a sublayer of a two-layer nickel composite coating with a thickness of 18 microns |
Ndz 18. H. b |
|
Chrome two-layer 36 microns thick: "milky" 24 mm thick, solid 12 microns thick |
Xd36; |
|
Coating with a tin-lead alloy with a mass fraction of tin 55-60% thick 3 microns, melted |
O-C (60) 3. opl. |
|
Coating with a tin-lead alloy with a mass fraction of tin of 35-40% and a thickness of 6 microns, with a nickel sublayer with a thickness of 6 microns |
H6. O-S (40) 6 |
|
Tin coating 3 microns thick, crystalline, followed by painting |
03. cr / lkp |
|
Copper 6 microns thick, shiny, tinted blue, followed by painting |
M6. b. tn. blue / lkp |
|
Plating with a gold-nickel alloy 3 microns thick, with a nickel sublayer 3 microns thick |
H3. 3L-N (98.5-99.5) 3 |
|
Gold, 1 μm thick, obtained on the surface after diamond cutting |
alm. 3L1 |
|
Chemical nickel, 9 microns thick, hydrophobized |
Chem. H9. gfzh; Chem. H9. gfzh 139-41 |
|
Chemical phosphate oil impregnated |
Chem. Phos. prm |
|
Chemical phosphate obtained in a solution containing barium nitrate, zinc monophosphate, zinc nitrate |
Chem. Phos. oks |
|
Chemical oxide conductive |
Chem. Oaks. NS |
|
Chemical oxide obtained in a solution containing sodium hydroxide, potassium stannate, sodium acetate, sodium pyrophosphate, followed by painting |
Chem. Oaks. mill / lkp |
|
Chemical oxide obtained in a solution of potassium (sodium) dichromate with various activators |
Chem. Oaks. chromium |
|
Chemical oxide obtained in a solution containing ammonium molybdate, impregnated with oil |
Chem. Oaks. mdn. prm |
|
Anodic-oxide solid, filled in a solution of chromates |
An. Oaks. tv nhr |
|
Anodic-oxide electrical insulating with subsequent application of paint and varnish coating |
An. Oaks. eiz / lkp |
|
Anodic oxide solid impregnated with oil |
An. Oaks. tv prm; An. Oaks. tv butter |
|
Anodic oxide obtained on a hatched surface |
pcs. An. Oaks |
|
Anodic oxide, obtained colored green in the process of anodic oxidation |
Anotsvet. green |
|
Anodic oxide, electrochemically painted dark gray |
An. Oaks. e-mail |
|
Anodic oxide obtained on a chemically polished surface, chemically painted red |
xn. An. Oaks. Red |
|
An. Oaks. chromium |
|
|
Anodic oxide obtained in an electrolyte containing chromic anhydride |
An. Oaks. chromium |
|
Anodic oxide, obtained in an electrolyte containing oxalic acid and titanium salts, solid |
An. Oaks. emt. tv |
|
Anodic oxide, obtained on a matted surface in an electrolyte containing boric acid, chromic anhydride |
mt. An. Oaks. umt |
|
Hot coating obtained from POS 61 solder |
Mountains. Pos 61 |
|
Silver, 9 microns thick, with a 3 micron chemical nickel sublayer |
Chem. H3. Wed9 |
|
Coating obtained by chemical passivation, hydrophobized |
Chem. Pass. hfj |
APPENDIX 5
Reference
IDENTIFICATION OF COATINGS ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
1. The material of the base metal and coating is indicated by the chemical symbol of the element.
The base metal material, consisting of an alloy, is denoted by the chemical symbol for the element with the maximum mass fraction. The main non-metallic material is designated NM, and the plastic is PL.
The coating material, consisting of an alloy, is denoted by the chemical symbols of the components included in the alloy, separated by a hyphen. The maximum mass fraction of the first component is indicated after the chemical symbol of the first component before the hyphen.
2. The designation of the methods of obtaining the coating are given in table. nine.
Table 9
|
Coating preparation method |
Designation |
|
Cathodic reduction |
|
|
Anodic oxidation |
|
|
Chemical |
|
|
Hot |
|
|
Thermal spraying |
3. Designations of additional coating processing are given in table. ten.
Table 10
* The color of the chromate film means:
A - colorless with a bluish tinge; B - colorless with a rainbow shade; C - yellow, rainbow; D - olive (khaki).
Coatings A and B belong to the 1st class of chromate coatings, coatings C and D with higher corrosion resistance belong to the 2nd class.
4. Designation of types of nickel and chrome coatings are given in table. eleven.
Table 11
|
Coating name |
Designation |
|
1. Chrome ordinary |
|
|
2. Chrome without cracks |
|
|
3. Chrome microcrack |
Crmc |
|
4. Chrome microporous |
Crmp |
|
5. Nickel shiny |
|
|
6. Nickel matt or semi-gloss, requiring polishing |
|
|
7. Nickel matt or semi-shiny, which should not be mechanically polished |
|
|
8. Nickel two-layer or three-layer |
5. The designation is written in a line in the following order:
the chemical symbol for the base metal or the designation for the non-metal followed by a slash;
a coating method in which the chemical symbol of the metal of the subcoat is indicated;
chemical symbol of the metal of the coating (if necessary, indicate the purity of the metal in percent in parentheses);
a figure expressing the minimum thickness of the coating on the working surface in microns;
designation of the type of coating (if necessary);
designation of additional processing and class (if necessary).
Examples of designations are given in table. 12.
Table 12
|
Coating |
Designation |
International standard designation |
|
1. Zinc coating on iron or steel with a thickness of 5 microns |
Fe / Zn5 |
ISO 2081 |
|
2. Zinc coating on iron or steel with a thickness of 25 microns with a colorless chromate coating of the 1st class |
Fe / Zn25c1A |
ISO 4520 |
|
3. Tin fused coating with a thickness of 5 microns, applied to iron or steel over a nickel sublayer with a thickness of 2.5 microns |
Fe / Ni2.5Sn5F |
ISO 2093 |
|
4. Silver plating on brass 20 microns thick |
Cu / Ag20 |
ISO 4521 |
|
5. Gold plating with a gold content of 99.5% on a copper alloy with a thickness of 0.5 microns |
Cu / Au (99.5) 0.5 |
ISO 4523 |
|
6. Microcracked chrome coating up to 1 micron thick, on shiny nickel 25 microns thick, on plastic |
Pl / Ni 25 bCrmc |
ISO 4525 |
|
7. Plating with a tin-lead alloy, with a tin content of 60%, 10 microns thick, melted, on iron or steel with a nickel sublayer 5 microns thick |
Fe / Ni5Sn60-Pb10f |
ISO 7587 |
Appendix 5 Added additionally (Amendment No. 3).
INFORMATION DATA
1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Academy of the Lithuanian SSR
DEVELOPERS
E.B. Davidavichus, Cand. chem. sciences; G.V. Kozlova, Cand. tech. sciences (topic leaders); E.B. Romashkene, Cand. chem. sciences; T.I. Berezhnyak; A.I. Volkov, Cand. tech. sciences; T.A. Karmanova
2. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED INTO EFFECT by the Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards dated 01.24.85 No. 164
3. The term of the first inspection is 1992; inspection frequency - 5 years
4. Instead of GOST 9.037-77; GOST 21484-76
5. REFERENCE REGULATORY AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
|
Item number |
|
|
GOST 9.304-87 |
|
|
GOST 21930-76 |
|
|
GOST 21931-76 |
6. REPUBLICATION with Amendments No. 1, 2, approved in October 1985, February 1987 (IUS 1-86, 5-87)