The Ministry of Defense began a massive modernization of the military infrastructure. The collapse of the military construction complex

Remembering the power and combat effectiveness of the current Russian army, it is necessary to note the increased responsibility of the Ministry of Defense for organizing the rear. The Ministry of Defense pays great attention to the true revival of its military construction complex in the context of the tasks set by the Supreme Commander-in-Chief.

"The measures taken in the development of the military-construction complex made it possible to achieve the synchronization of the creation of infrastructure with the timing of the weapons and military equipment supplied to the troops." - this is a quote from the speech of the Minister of Defense of Russia, General of the Army Sergei Shoigu at the last meeting of the collegium of the military department.

Skeptics argue that "funny troops" - in common parlance "construction battalion", are returning to bad memory.

There are many anecdotes, myths and legends among the people associated with the construction troops. This was mainly due to the specifics of the formation of personnel - about 90% of the servicemen of these troops were conscripts from Central Asia and the Caucasus. Therefore, the bulk of Russian young people tried to avoid serving in the divisions of the construction battalion. After all, even then from time to time a question arose concerning tense international relations, only this was not put on display.

But despite this attitude, the military construction detachments (VZO) performed quite serious tasks, erecting objects of both defense significance and the national economy.

It should be added that the military-construction complex of the USSR Ministry of Defense is directly and directly related to the engineering troops, whose responsibilities have always included the construction of various fortifications and special-purpose facilities.

Stroybat took over 70% of the tasks that were previously performed by the engineering troops. This is a historical fact. And the author of this publication has repeatedly written about this. Therefore, we will not repeat ourselves, but only restrict ourselves to questions of the subject of the essay.

What is the Military Construction Complex of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

The military construction complex of the Ministry of Defense (VSK of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation) is already a national leader in the construction of special, strategic and socially significant facilities of the Ministry of Defense of Russia.

The Supreme Commander-in-Chief set the following tasks for the Armed Forces of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation - to carry out effective activities in the interests of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the following areas with the help of reliable partners and on their own:

creation of special, conceptual, standard projects of military and civilian facilities, taking into account the engineering and transport infrastructure, climatic and geographical features of the area;
turnkey construction of any buildings, complexes and special army structures;
creation of a modern infrastructure and a comfortable environment for the facilities under construction, their full equipping with new, high-tech equipment according to the purpose;
operation of housing and housing and barracks funds.

The activities of the VSK MO RV pursues the following goals:

Creation of professional human resources and production and industrial base for the implementation in the shortest possible time of any projects on their own.
Improvement of results in all spheres of activity due to: cost reduction, control of work performed, renewal of fixed assets, anti-corruption policy, attraction of investments, introduction of modern management methods.
Development and implementation of innovative technologies.
Environmental safety of facilities and compliance with environmental protection rules.

The Military Construction Complex of the Ministry of Defense of Russia includes military command and control bodies, as well as enterprises and organizations of various forms of ownership, which act in the interests of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation throughout the country.

The primary goal is housing for military personnel

Since the beginning of 2016, the Ministry of Defense has switched to a planned regime of providing permanent housing. The high rates of providing servicemen with service housing are also maintained. In 2016, 28,500 people received apartments. Additionally, the specialized housing stock of the Ministry of Defense includes 12,100 residential premises.

At the end of 2017, the acute, painful issue of housing for servicemen and military pensioners is coming to a solution. Since 2012, 142.5 thousand servicemen have received service housing through the Ministry of Defense, and taking into account their family members, this is more than half a million people.

In 2017, in Moscow, the remaining residential buildings were transferred for settlement - more than 8 thousand apartments. This will provide a solution to the problem for 85% of the servicemen who chose Moscow as their place of residence.

The remaining servicemen waiting for an apartment in the capital will be provided with a housing subsidy. In 2017-2019, the federal budget provides for the allocation of 37.78 billion annually.

Our trains do not run on someone else's territory - the construction of a railway bypassing Ukraine has been completed.

Until mid-December 2017, a small section of the railway connecting Moscow with Adler passed through the territory of Ukraine. The section is 37 km long and contains the Zorinovka railway station.

In 2010, a project was considered for the construction of a railway line: Prokhorovka - Zhuravka - Chertkovo - Bataysk bypassing Ukraine with a length of 748 km, which was supposed to increase the throughput of railways in the Center - South direction.

As a result, in 2015, a variant with a length of 137.5 km was approved, which makes it possible to move the highway course from the state border without significantly lengthening the track.

New stations have been built on the new section of the highway. One of which (station Zaitsevka) is located in the Voronezh region, the other six (station Sergeevka, station Sokhranovka, station Kuteinikovo, station Vinogradovka, station Kolodezi and station Bochenkovo) are in the Rostov region. A bridge was also built across the Belaya Kalitva River.

On November 15, 2017, the regular movement of passenger trains began on the Zhuravka - Millerovo section built bypassing Ukraine.

By December 10, 2017, the transfer of all routes of passenger trains to regular traffic on the new railway bypassing Ukraine was completed.

From December 11, 2017, all Russian passenger and freight trains switched to traffic on the new Zhuravka - Millerovo railway line, bypassing Ukraine.

After that, only 2 pairs of electric trains run from Chertkovo station per day Chertkovo - Glubokaya - Rostov-on-Don.

It was reported that the new line, which is 137 kilometers long, will serve 62 pairs of passenger and 30 pairs of freight trains.

“Thus, the task set by the President of Russia for the construction of the railway by the Railway Troops and Russian Railways was completed ahead of schedule, more than a year before the deadline,” reports General of the Army Dmitry Bulgakov, Deputy Defense Minister of the Russian Federation.

Construction of the second stage of the Vostochny cosmodrome

The Vostochny Cosmodrome is the first Russian civilian cosmodrome located in the Amur Region near the future science city of Tsiolkovsky.

Construction, which began in 2012, took less than four years: in April 2016, the first successful launch was made from the cosmodrome, with three satellites in orbit. The construction of the second stage of Vostochny is planned for 2017.

In December 2016, it became known about the abolition of Spetsstroy of Russia. Instead, eight FSUEs will be created, which will build only special facilities of the RF Ministry of Defense. The reason for the liquidation was the numerous claims of customers and authorities about the deadlines for the execution of work and the financial discipline of the FSUE subordinate to the agency, in particular, dissatisfaction was caused by a large number of violations at the construction of the Vostochny cosmodrome.

The FSUE Center for the Operation of Ground-Based Space Infrastructure Facilities (TSENKI) will complete the launch and technical complexes, as well as water intake facilities to support launches from the Vostochny cosmodrome in 2018. TsENKI has already signed eight contracts with subcontractors.

Strengthening the Arctic borders

The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation is comprehensively developing the Arctic territories. More than 100 infrastructure facilities will be built by 2018. The leased facilities are located on the territory of the Arctic military bases deployed in Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya, the Sredny and Kotelny islands, Cape Schmidt, and Wrangel Island.

“Construction in the Arctic is a unique project in terms of logistics, delivery, construction and installation work. For the first time in the history of modern Russia, such a large-scale work is being carried out in the conditions of the Far North, ”asserts Timur Ivanov, Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.

On the island of Alexandra Land (Franz Josef Land archipelago), more than 30 facilities will be built by the end of 2017, including the Nagurskoye airfield. At present, the builders have cleared the site and arranged temporary roads. After the completion of the modernization, the airfield will be able to receive most types of military transport aircraft all year round.

As noted in the military department, “the construction of an administrative and residential complex is underway here. "Arctic shamrock", which is the only capital construction facility in the world being built at 80 degrees north latitude. "

In the village of Rogachevo (Novaya Zemlya archipelago), construction of technical positions and social infrastructure, as well as an airfield is underway.

At Cape Schmidt (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug), it is planned to commission more than 30 objects of military and social infrastructure by the end of the year. The construction of stationary objects of the radar department and the aviation guidance point is underway.

About 30 more capital construction projects will be commissioned by the end of this year on Wrangel Island.

A number of objects, scheduled for commissioning in 2017, are located on Sredny Island (Severnaya Zemlya archipelago).

In 2017, as part of the environmental cleanup of the Arctic, units of the Russian army collected 6,054 tons of scrap metal, of which 4,778 tons were exported to the mainland. The total area of the cleared area was 161 hectares.

According to the Ministry of Defense, today at the design stage and at the stage of preparatory work - the creation and modernization of a number of airfields in the Arctic zone, such as Tiksi, Anadyr, Vorkuta, Temp and others. Work on the arrangement of units of the Ministry of Defense in the Arctic will continue until 2020.

Arrangement of naval bases

In Vilyuchinsk, Kamchatka, in time for the arrival of the first Borei-class nuclear submarines, a number of the most important facilities of the mooring front and coastal engineering infrastructure were commissioned.

In the south of the country, in Novorossiysk, a mooring front has been built for submarines of Project 636. These are the latest diesel-electric submarines of the Varshavyanka type. Six submarines are already serving in the Black Sea Fleet.

Fleet Commander Admiral S.V. Vitko noted that the total length of the already erected protective structures is almost 2.5 km, construction is being carried out at depths of up to 27 meters. According to him, in terms of length and depth, these structures are among the top five largest hydraulic engineering facilities in the world.

In addition, the building of the headquarters of the Novorossiysk naval base is under construction in the Novorossiysk port.

In the interests of the Baltic Fleet, it is planned to build barracks and canteens in the military towns of Sovetsk and Baltiysk, as well as tent-mobile shelters for weapons in the park zones of the military towns of Chernyakhovsk and the village of Donskoye.

According to the plan, the reconstruction of the fleet basing point in Baltiysk is under way. Work on the berthing complex began in 2012 after an engineering survey revealed the emergency state of facilities that had been in use for 60 years without proper maintenance.

It is expected that as a result of the reconstruction, the fleet basing point will be recreated, capable of providing parking and servicing of the most modern ships entering service at present and in the future. In total, as part of the further development of the Baltic naval base, a wide scope of work is envisaged until 2020.

Crimea is ours. Large-scale arrangement of military facilities

“In total, 23 new facilities, including 25 buildings and structures, were commissioned on the territory of the Crimean Federal District during the year; Vitko.

Vitko explained that the infrastructure of most of the military units, inherited from the previous authorities of the peninsula, “did not even meet the minimum requirements for living or household premises, parking and storage facilities for equipment”.

“Rebuilding everything cost a lot of money, so it was easier to rebuild military camps anew using new technologies,” the commander emphasized.

In Crimea and Sevastopol, reconstruction of eight berths and six military camps is also underway; two airfields are supposed to be reconstructed to base the new aviation.

“We are planning to carry out significant work on the territory of two training grounds for coastal troops and marines. There are plans to continue the construction of housing for military personnel, complete the design of the reconstruction of the main hospital of the fleet and start the reconstruction of the military sanatorium "Crimea" in Partenit, "Vitko added.

Kuriles - islands of our hope

A number of new military facilities are being built on the Kuril Islands Iturup and Kunashir, as well as social infrastructure: hostels for military personnel, cultural, leisure and sports centers. The total construction area reaches 400 thousand square meters. m, in total it is planned to build 392 buildings and structures.

In 2016, together with the Russian Geographical Society, the military conducted an expedition to the islands of Matua and Paramushir (part of the Kuriles), during which they studied the possibility of deploying troops there. The participants surveyed the island's runway, deployed mobile airfield complexes and equipment to ensure the movement of flying devices. (cm. )

As part of the planned strengthening of the eastern borders, the Russian military leadership intends to create a new basing point for the Pacific Fleet forces on the island.

Strategic Missile Forces facilities

Infrastructure facilities of the first Strategic Missile Forces regiments equipped with Yars mobile and stationary missile systems were commissioned.

In 2016, 23 mobile systems were delivered to the Strategic Missile Forces regiments in Teykovo, Nizhny Tagil and Novosibirsk. In 2017, mobile and mine "Yars" will also continue to enter the Kozelskoye, Yoshkar-Olinskoye, Novosibirsk and Irkutsk missile formations.

The construction of military camps for two missile brigades equipped with Iskander-M operational-tactical missile systems has been completed in the Southern Military District.

The construction of a missile brigade in Shuya (Ivanovo region) has also been completed. In 2016, the Ground Forces received two brigade sets of this complex.

Airfield in Akhtubinsk

The Main Directorate for the Construction of Roads and Airfields signed a contract for the second stage of reconstruction of the Akhtubinsk airfield in the Astrakhan region. The State Flight Test Center named after Valery Chkalov is based at this airfield.

The construction of new facilities at this airfield is planned on an even larger scale: several specialized sites, buildings, heating, sewerage and power supply systems. The construction of a network of highways and other facilities is envisaged.

On western polygons and borders

A large-scale reconstruction of training grounds began in the Western Military District. Formations and military units in the Leningrad region will receive updated tank directors and military shooting ranges, and the training grounds of the Nizhny Novgorod and Voronezh regions will receive new tank training grounds.

Military shooting ranges and tank directors will be equipped with tactical kits for creating a remotely controlled target environment and computer simulators for simulating any combat training situations.

As the military assures, "the new tank training grounds will meet the modern requirements for the training of mechanics-drivers of tanks of various modifications," and the reconstruction of training grounds and the construction of new facilities will significantly reduce the training time for specialists and the combat interaction of units.

The Russian Defense Ministry begins construction of a military base in Boguchar. An old military warehouse is already located at this place, but now there will be a base with dozens of buildings and military structures. According to the plan, more than 1.3 thousand units of military equipment and more than 5.2 thousand servicemen will be deployed here. There will also be ammunition depots, a medical unit, a swimming pool and a large training complex. The object will be able to withstand biological, chemical and nuclear attacks.

The Defense Ministry has yet to comment on the start of construction. However, the decision to build was made in accordance with the country's sovereign law.

It is also known that another base is planned to be built near the village of Valuyki in the Belgorod region, about 20 kilometers from the border with the Luhansk region of Ukraine. The town is designed for 3,500 soldiers and will occupy approximately 300 hectares.

The project will build warehouses for storing missile and artillery weapons and other ammunition with a total area of more than 6,000 square meters. A medical center and a training complex will also be erected.

According to the project documentation, the military intend to build a large complex of buildings and sites for training specialists, in particular, artillery, air defense, as well as training in working with tanks, infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers.

Mountain passages of the Caucasus

The troops of the Southern Military District this year will build eight mountain crossings in Chechnya and Ingushetia to develop tourism. They will be used to deliver building materials to the highlands, where tourist zones will be created.

Crossings are built through mountain streams and rivers, which do not allow climbing mountain plateaus. Five crossings in the Chechen Republic and three crossings in Ingushetia are planned. This will allow organizations of the republics to enter construction sites in hard-to-reach areas at an altitude of up to 2.6 thousand meters, where the construction of mountain tourist clusters will be launched.

Construction has already begun in 2017. In some cases, the military uses pack animals - horses and donkeys to deliver materials and food. After construction, these crossings will be handed over to civilian organizations.

Deployment of military schools and cadet corps

In 2016, the Tula Suvorov Military School was rebuilt from scratch in just five months. Erected in the southeast of the city by the forces of "Oboronstroy" and the Main Directorate of Development, on September 1 it received 240 Suvorovites of the fifth, sixth and seventh grades.

The decision to recreate the school was made in March last year by Russian President Vladimir Putin. It is expected that after the completion of all stages of construction, about 560 children will live and study there.

Construction of the Petrozavodsk Presidential Cadet School has begun. The work is carried out on its own in the amount of about 30 thousand people. The cost of the entire set of works on the creation of the school is 4.1 billion rubles.

The decision to create it was made by the President of the Russian Federation at the suggestion of the State Commission on preparations for the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the foundation of Karelia. The location was chosen in the military town No. 6, located on Komsomolsky Prospekt in Petrozavodsk. In September this year, the school should open its doors to new students.

According to the Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Timur Ivanov, the creation of such educational institutions and the revival of the glorious traditions of cadetism is a priority strategic task for the Ministry of Defense.

In Syria, seriously and for a long time

Today, Russia uses two major military facilities in Syria - the Khmeimim airbase in Latakia province and the naval logistics center (PMTO) in the city of Tartus on the Mediterranean coast.

Until the end of 2012, the latter was a fairly modest berthing complex with a fresh water supply system, technical facilities and a staff of four.

The full reconstruction of the PMTO began in 2015. The staff of specialists at the facility has rapidly increased to 1,700 people. What exactly is happening in Tartus now is a mystery sealed with seven seals.

It is only known that on December 3, 2016, Vladimir Putin signed the "Order on the signing of an agreement between Syria on the expansion of the territory of the support point of the Russian Navy in the area of the port of Tartus and the calls of Russian warships into the territorial sea of Syria" and this probably indicates the construction of a full-fledged military naval base.

According to data from open sources, after reconstruction, the port will be able to simultaneously receive surface ships of the first and second rank, large-tonnage barges, submarines, including nuclear-powered ones.

The Khmeimim airbase, on the other hand, has long been fully equipped. The Russian military has settled down quite well in Latakia, and a small tent camp set up near the runways has turned into a full-fledged city in two years. There is everything here for the most comfortable service in the difficult conditions of a hot arid climate.

The base has warehouses for storing ammunition and fuel, refueling and equipment repair points, modern field food points, bath and laundry complexes, bakeries, first-aid posts and much more.

The personnel are accommodated in special comfortable container blocks. Powerful defensive lines are deployed around the base, including modern air defense and electronic warfare systems.

“You have to understand that Khmeimim is a fairly developed air base capable of receiving all types of aircraft,” comments the editor-in-chief of the National Defense magazine Igor Korotchenko. - Not only fighters can be based there, but also, say, long-range Tu-22M3 bombers. Or even the strategic missile carriers Tu-95 and Tu-160. This opens up opportunities for Russia to counter a wide range of threats. The Kh-101 air-launched cruise missiles will be able to reach any target in the region. The same can be said about the "Calibers", which are armed with ships based in Tartus. On the one hand, we are essentially taking control of the entire Middle East. On the other hand, we fend off threats that may be relevant for us on the southern flanks of NATO. This is an extremely convenient combination. "

In conclusion about the modern appearance of the Armed Forces of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Anywhere in the country, in remote areas, in seismically active regions, mountainous and desert areas, permafrost areas - military builders design and create modern military and civilian facilities: bases and garrisons, arsenals and training grounds, barracks and headquarters, airfields and ports, production and logistics and educational and training complexes, residential buildings and parks, hospitals and clinics, schools for gifted children and cadet, Suvorov schools.

On a national scale, these are thousands of objects for various purposes: from pre-fabricated shelters for equipment to an engineering "miracle" - the Arctic Trefoil military base.

As noted in the military department, the use of modern technologies in half made it possible to reduce the construction time of shelters for equipment and objects of the barracks and housing stock and achieve the cost of building 1 sq. m of objects of the Ministry of Defense, not exceeding 30 thousand rubles, which is lower than in the country as a whole.

“Modern military construction is a diversified industry. Figuratively, it can be compared with high-tech, powerful military equipment, which must quickly and efficiently perform tasks in the interests of the Armed Forces wherever needed. Including territories with difficult geographic and climatic conditions: in seismically active regions, mountainous and desert areas, permafrost regions, ”says Lieutenant General Timur Ivanov, Deputy Defense Minister in charge of the construction industry of the military department.

The effectiveness of the military-construction complex of the RF Ministry of Defense in terms of its indicators for the first time reached the level of the post-war period. The total area of the facilities is 3.2 million sq. m. The accumulated pace of construction is 18% higher than in 2016 and more than 10 times the period of 2010-2012, when only 210 facilities were commissioned.

This is due to the correct management decisions and the definition of a new effective structure for military development, in which it is necessary to create and use our own forces, and not subcontractors or contractors. For military-building activity ultimately has a result: i.e. a facility that has been put into operation, rather than making a commercial profit.

Breaks of contracts with unscrupulous performers also began to have a beneficial effect. “There have already been such examples and precedents, in particular in the so-called island and Arctic zone. This is the Kuril ridge and the New Siberian Islands in the Arctic. By the way, this had a serious effect, ”Ivanov also shared.

However, according to him, at the moment, the army's total need for infrastructure facilities, taking into account the depreciation of funds, is 30 million square meters. In 2017, it was planned to commission 3,290 buildings and structures, and ultimately it is expected to increase this figure to almost 4,000.

Naturally, there is no talk of a complete reincarnation of the Military Construction Complex of the RF Ministry of Defense. But the fact that the leadership of our military department is on the right track, makes well-thought-out managerial decisions and acts effectively is necessary to admit.

Boris Skupov

Passing the FSB Academy on Michurinsky Prospekt, I noticed that a new complex of buildings was being built by a private company. As if there are no military construction organizations in our country. In fact, apart from the Spetsstroy of Russia, there are no more of them now. Over the years of reforms, the Main Military Construction Directorate, the Main Military Construction Directorate "Center" (GVSU "Center"), and the Main Directorate of the Construction Industry of the Ministry of Defense were privatized. Until recently, only the GUSS (Main Directorate of Special Construction) held on, which was renamed either into the Directorate for the Arrangement of Troops (UOV), then into the Main Directorate for the Arrangement of the Troops. At the present time, the former GUSS has also been decided to be corporatized, and those of its divisions that were working at facilities like the Plesetsk cosmodrome and performing other important tasks are transferred to the Federal Agency for Special Construction (Spetsstroy of Russia). Thank God that it exists and is developing, otherwise, in general, defense construction could simply be bent.

At present, the headquarters of military construction projects - the Central Organizational Planning Directorate (TsOPU) - has also been disbanded.

How did we come to the conclusion that the most powerful military construction complex was actually liquidated ?!

Since 1987, the mass media began to spit on the military construction units. They began to be called the heirs of the military settlements of Arakcheev, the remnants of serfdom. Such publications as Ogonyok, Moskovsky Komsomolets, Izvestia were especially zealous in this. Later, even the magazine "Soviet War" joined the chorus of detractors of an important and necessary military specialty. Since 1989, Red Star speeches in defense of military builders have become less militant. Moreover, Kaledin's vile work "Stroybat". You read such materials and you will be horrified: they mock people, they say, they do unnecessary work for the army. And not a single country has such formations. The detractors of military construction allegedly did not know that the US Army Corps of Engineers was actively conducting military construction work, that military construction formations under various names exist in all countries of the world and have existed at all times, starting with Ancient Egypt. By the way, even the ancient Romans, from whom modern mankind borrowed a lot (up to weather reports and taxis), believed that construction was one of the most important military specialties.

I do not mind that people who had a criminal record were in vain called to the construction units, that it was the latter who brought hazing. But after all, military builders performed important work for the good of the Motherland, and also received specialties valuable for civilian life. The situation needed to be corrected, and not to pour out the child with water, and to engage in the privatization of military organizations. Perhaps we will generally trust foreign construction firms to build special fortifications (SPS) and other defense facilities. Let them know what works and how, because you can reveal all the secrets!

Incidentally, the importance of military builders was made even more important by the scientific and technological revolution in military affairs, which took place in the 1950s, associated with the development of nuclear missile weapons, which led to fundamental changes in the structure and technical equipment of troops. The role of special military objects (combat missile systems, air and anti-missile defense systems, highly protected command posts, wire communication centers, receiving and transmitting radio centers, airfields, naval ships basing points, etc.), erected in advance in peacetime by methods capital construction. The existing ones have become much more complex and fundamentally new special structures have appeared, the technical systems and equipment of special objects have changed qualitatively. At the same time, the requirements for the arrangement and quartering of troops were significantly tightened. There has been a radical change in the nature of all construction in the Ministry of Defense, its tasks have significantly expanded, and the volumes have increased.

Special educational institutions were also needed, the network of which, at the present time, due to the reduction in the volume of construction and the disbandment of most of the units, began to curtail.

It's a shame that with the reform a sad fate awaits next year the famous Military Engineering and Technical University (VITU), which recently celebrated its 70th anniversary. He will have to become part of the Military Academy of Logistics and Transport and be redeployed from St. Petersburg.

The birth of the university on June 22, 1939, when the People's Commissar of the Navy N.G. Kuznetsov signed order No. 301, which said: "On the basis of the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR No. 148 dated June 10, 1939, to organize the Higher Naval Civil Engineering School of the RK Navy (VVMISU) on the basis of the Leningrad Institute of Industrial Construction Engineers" was not accidental.

A quantitative and qualitative change in the structure of the Navy, as one of the important components of the country's Armed Forces, required the creation of new and radical reconstruction of the existing forces and means of basing the fleet and coastal defense.

This problem was practically solved on the basis of the widespread introduction of the achievements of science and technology and the use of world experience in the design, construction and operation of coastal and hydraulic facilities of the fleet. Since the technical and electrical equipment of these facilities has sharply increased, an urgent need arose to increase the number and improve the quality of training of military power engineers of a wide profile.

In April 1960, by directive of the Minister of Defense, the Higher Engineering and Technical School of the Red Banner was transferred from the system of the Navy to the subordination of the Deputy Ministry of Defense of the USSR for the construction and quartering of troops. He was entrusted with the task of training military engineers for the entire capital construction system of the Ministry of Defense. From September 1960 the school became known as the Higher Military Engineering School (VVITKU).

More and more new specialties appeared on the basis of existing faculties. Including electrical engineers for the installation of electrical equipment for special objects of the Ministry of Defense, electrical engineers for the installation of heat and power equipment for special objects of the Ministry of Defense, as well as completely new specialists for the school - mechanical engineers for the operation of construction machines and equipment of industrial enterprises of military construction organizations. The educational institution developed successfully. Already at the beginning of the 21st century, it began to train specialists-psychologists.

Back in the dashing 90s, as evidenced by Doctor of Technical Sciences Colonel V.G. Krivov, in his book "On the Frontiers of Military Energy", far-sighted leaders did everything to keep this university, famous for its scientific schools, transformed in 1993 into the Military Civil Engineering Institute (VISI), to be preserved. On its basis, it is necessary to create the first polytechnic university in the Armed Forces, which trains personnel not only for the military-construction complex. For example, the power engineering faculty of the school, the base of which was the electromechanical faculty established on June 10, 1941, has now become the leading educational unit for training military power engineers.

In connection with the special role as an educational and scientific center in the training of military engineers and scientific support of construction, the Military Engineering and Technical University (VITU) was established on the basis of VISI and the Pkin Higher Military Engineering School (PVVISU). The transformation into a university was an act of recognition of its high authority as an educational and scientific center of the construction and housing authorities of the Ministry of Defense. VITU was entrusted with: implementation of professional educational programs of higher and postgraduate education in military engineering and technical specialties; training, retraining and (or) advanced training of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel, as well as training on a contractual basis of specialists for federal authorities; performing scientific research; performing the functions of a scientific and scientific-methodological center of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation in the field of its activity.

The planned merger with the Academy of Logistics and Transport will lead to the death of the unique scientific schools of the Military Engineering and Technical University, the destruction of military traditions and will not at all serve to strengthen the defense of our Fatherland.

Military engineer and historian,

Vasily Lamtsov

Construction of the science city of Tsiolkovsky near the Vostochny cosmodrome

The scale of construction of facilities for the Russian Ministry of Defense has reached the level of the post-war period. In the interests of the department, about 2 thousand objects are being built; in 2016, 2.5 thousand buildings were built. Russian Deputy Defense Minister Timur Ivanov said this to Kommersant. He specified that "these are radar stations, hydraulic structures, airfields, medical facilities, residential buildings, schools and kindergartens, cadet schools, military camps, training grounds and piers."

The total area of the facilities is 2.7 million square meters. m. The accumulated pace of construction is 18% higher than the indicators of 2015 and more than 10 times the period of 2010-2012, when only 210 objects were commissioned. Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu spoke about plans for military construction and the creation of the necessary infrastructure for the army at the final board of the defense department in December 2016.

According to him, at the moment, the army's total need for infrastructure facilities, taking into account the depreciation of funds, is 30 million square meters. m. In 2017, it is planned to put into operation 3290 buildings and structures.

The measures taken in the development of the military-construction complex made it possible to synchronize the creation of infrastructure with the timing of the weapons and military equipment supplied to the troops.
Sergei Shoigu
Russian Defense Minister

WEAPON BASE

Naval base in Vilyuchinsk

Currently, the fleet includes three submarines of project 955. In total, it is planned to build eight such missile carriers by 2021, and five of them are of the modernized project 955A. In December 2016, the eighth submarine of this project was laid down at Sevmash.
In the south of the country, in Novorossiysk, a mooring front has been built for submarines of Project 636. These are the latest diesel-electric submarines of the Varshavyanka type. Six submarines are already serving in the Black Sea Fleet.

In the Southern Military District, the construction of military camps for two missile brigades equipped with Iskander-M operational-tactical missile systems has been completed. The construction of a missile brigade in Shuya (Ivanovo region) has also been completed. In 2016, the Ground Forces received two brigade sets of this complex.

Infrastructure facilities of the first Strategic Missile Forces regiments equipped with Yars mobile and stationary missile systems were commissioned. In 2016, 23 mobile systems were delivered to the Strategic Missile Forces regiments in Teykovo, Nizhny Tagil and Novosibirsk. In 2017, mobile and mine "Yars" will also continue to enter the Kozelskoye, Yoshkar-Olinskoye, Novosibirsk and Irkutsk missile formations.

ARCTIC

The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation is comprehensively developing the Arctic territories. More than 100 infrastructure facilities will be built by the end of 2017. The leased facilities are located on the territory of the Arctic military bases deployed in Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya, the Sredny and Kotelny islands, Cape Schmidt, and Wrangel Island.

On the island of Alexandra Land (Franz Josef Land archipelago), more than 30 facilities will be built by the end of the year, including the Nagurskoye airfield. At present, the builders have cleared the site and arranged temporary roads. After the completion of the modernization, the airfield will be able to receive most types of military transport aircraft all year round.

As noted in the military department, "the construction of the administrative and residential complex" Arctic Trefoil ", which is the only object of capital construction in the world, being erected at 80 degrees north latitude, is also underway here.

In the village of Rogachevo (Novaya Zemlya archipelago), construction of technical positions and social infrastructure, as well as an airfield is underway.

About 30 more capital construction projects will be commissioned by the end of this year on Wrangel Island.

A number of objects, scheduled for commissioning in 2017, are located on Sredny Island (Severnaya Zemlya archipelago).

In 2016, as part of the environmental clean-up of the Arctic, Russian army units collected 6,054 tons of scrap metal, of which 4,778 tons were exported to the mainland. The total area of the cleared area was 161 hectares.

Construction in the Arctic is a unique project in terms of logistics, delivery, construction and installation work. For the first time in modern Russia, such a large-scale work is being carried out in the conditions of the Far North
Timur Ivanov
Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation

SMOKERS

View of the runway from the slope of the volcano on Matua Island

As part of the planned strengthening of the eastern borders, the Russian military leadership intends to create a new basing point for the Pacific Fleet forces on the island.

BALTIC

Baltic naval base

In total, as part of the further development of the Baltic naval base, a wide scope of work is envisaged until 2020.

ROAD TO BYPASS UKRAINE

Railway troops continue construction of a section of the Zhuravka-Millerovo railway bypassing Ukraine. The roadbed is ready. The volume of work amounted to 9 million cubic meters. m. 23 km of 84 km of the railway have been laid. The construction is planned to be completed by September 2017.

Thus, the task set by the President of Russia for the construction of the railway by the Railway Troops and JSC "Russian Railways" will be completed ahead of schedule, more than a year before the deadline.
Dmitry Bulgakov
Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, General of the Army

Earlier, Bulgakov reported that the railway, bypassing Ukraine, would begin to operate on August 15, 2017. According to him, six new stations are to be built on the site and two existing ones are to be reconstructed.

MILITARY HOUSING

As reported in the military department, taking into account the decisions made to increase the amount of compensation for sublease to a real level, the problem of service housing has been resolved.

As the Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Timur Ivanov told Kommersant, in 2017 in Moscow the remaining residential buildings - more than 8 thousand apartments - will be transferred for settlement. This will provide a solution to the problem for 85% of the servicemen who chose Moscow as their place of residence.

The remaining servicemen waiting for an apartment in the capital will be provided with a housing subsidy. In 2017-2019, the federal budget provides for the allocation of 37.78 billion annually.

MILITARY SCHOOLS

We have experience in the construction of such facilities in a short time. In just four months, two schools were built: in Sevastopol and Kyzyl. In 2016, the Suvorov school in Tula was built in the same period, so we are sure that in 2017 the first 360 pupils will begin their studies.
Timur Ivanov
Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation

KOSMODROM VOSTOCHNY

The Vostochny Cosmodrome is the first Russian civilian cosmodrome located in the Amur Region near the future science city of Tsiolkovsky. Construction, which began in 2012, took less than four years: in April 2016, the first successful launch was made from the cosmodrome, with three satellites in orbit. The construction of the second stage of Vostochny is planned for 2017.

The FSUE Center for the Operation of Ground-Based Space Infrastructure Facilities (TSENKI) will complete the launch and technical complexes, as well as water intake facilities to support launches from the Vostochny cosmodrome in 2017. TsENKI has already signed eight contracts with subcontractors.

WESTERN LANDSCAPES

AERODROME IN AKHTUBINSK

MOUNTAIN ROADS

Crossings are built through mountain streams and rivers, which do not allow climbing mountain plateaus. We are planning five crossings in the Chechen Republic and three crossings in Ingushetia. This will allow organizations of the republics to enter construction sites in hard-to-reach areas at an altitude of up to 2.6 thousand meters, where the construction of mountain tourist clusters will be deployed.
Konstantin Smeshko
Chief of Engineering Troops of the Southern Military District, Major General

According to him Smeshko, construction has already begun in some areas. In some cases, the military uses pack animals - horses and donkeys to deliver materials and food. After construction, these crossings will be handed over to civilian organizations.

Any army needs its own infrastructure. And the larger and more technologically advanced the army, the more diverse the range of weapons used, the larger and more complex structures are required to accommodate personnel and equipment, warehouses and training grounds for weapons or ammunition storage, training positions for training troops.

In Russia, the military construction complex of the Ministry of Defense is engaged in the design and construction of all these facilities. Not so long ago, it once again underwent a large-scale reform.

In the last days of 2016, President Putin's Decree "On the Abolition of the Federal Agency for Special Construction" was published, according to which, by July 1, 2017, Spetsstroy must cease its independent activities, and its functions are transferred to the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

In the military expert community, this decision caused an unequivocally positive reaction. Indeed, in Soviet times, the military-construction complex was under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defense and only as a result of perestroika turned into a completely "civilian" service. And, I must say, has greatly degraded since then.

So the Russian Rosspetsstroy is not at all the same as the famous Soviet Spetsstroy.

The prototype of the USSR Spetsstroy - Construction Department No. 565 of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs - was created on March 31, 1951, and in 1953 it was transformed into the Main Directorate of Special Construction (Glavspetsstroy). Prior to this, the military-construction complex did not exist as a single structure.

Glavspetsstroy was created mainly for the construction of the Moscow air defense system S-25 "Berkut". The Big and Small concrete rings around Moscow are the automobile arteries of this system. Then Glavspetsstroy built the Leningrad air defense system, known as the S-50, air defense facilities in the Kalinin (now Tver), Novgorod and Pskov regions.

On the account of Glavspetsstroy, the construction of many large industrial facilities in the XX century. This is the construction of the Verkhnyaya Salda metallurgical production association, the so-called Titanium Magnitka, and the expansion of the Izhevsk machine-building and metallurgical plants, and the construction of special communication systems, the construction of the plant named after M. V. Khrunichev, the factories "Red October", "Energomash" and "Znamya Truda" , Rocket and Space Corporation "Energia" Academician S. P. Korolev and many other civilian or dual-use facilities. And all this - not counting the construction of special military facilities, many of which are still secret.

But this was the case before the collapse of the USSR.

In the 90s, Spetsstroy was subjected to a number of abolitions, reorganizations and reductions, engineering and construction units were transferred to subordination to other structures, staffs were squeezed, and so on.

In general, the trend was clear. An army that does not intend to fight the West, is reducing its ranks and moving to a contract basis, does not need its own powerful construction complex. It does not fit into the concept of market relations. And the problems of preserving unique developments, highly professional personnel, and simply secrecy, did not bother anyone then.

By 1997, only 20 thousand people remained military builders and a little more than 200 people from the central office. But the reorganizations continued, and they ended only in 2004 with the formation of the Federal Agency for Special Construction (Rosspetsstroy).

But this was not the end of the reformist troubles of the military-construction complex. Because Anatoly Serdyukov became the head of the Ministry of Defense. Together with his protege Dmitry Naginsky, he, as they say, “squeezed” Rosspetsstroy from the Ministry of Defense.

The Serdyukovskaya team decided to make the enterprises engaged in military construction civil. And now the construction organizations that are part of VSK pledged to work exclusively on a tender basis. One has only to think about it - strategic, secret and special defense facilities were built by ordinary commercial firms!

In addition, there was also a banal “sawing down” of VSK property, because enterprises belonging to the military construction industry possessed expensive land, equipment, buildings, often in prestigious areas of large cities, and other tangible assets. Here it is worth recalling the quite sensational story of the sale of the building of the design institute 31 GPISS on Smolensky Boulevard in Moscow.

That is, unprecedented scope for fraud opened up, and Rosspetstroy took full advantage of this. Only when in November 2015, due to the unavailability of the Vostochny cosmodrome, the president had to postpone the launch of the Soyuz-2.1a carrier rocket for six months, did the Spetsstroy case begin to spin up. As a result of the checks, monstrous abuses were revealed.

It turned out that Spetsstroy itself performs work only for 15–20% of the cost of contracts, and entrusts the rest (including design and estimate documentation) to third-party structures. It is not surprising that the deadlines for fulfilling government contracts (worth more than 159 billion rubles) were disrupted, and 72 out of 83 military facilities were lagging behind the schedule.

But Spetsstroy distinguished itself especially at the Vostochny cosmodrome. More than 250 "sharashkin offices" (that is, third-party construction companies) worked there, most of which did not possess the necessary competence, equipment, or high-quality specialists. In cases of embezzlement and non-payment of salaries, dozens of criminal cases were initiated. Here it was not even a question of secrecy, to achieve at least a relative quality.

So the abolition of Rosspetsstroy made by the president and the transfer of its assets to the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defense was a matter of critical importance from the point of view of the country's security.

Extremely serious tasks were set before the new structure:

be able to create special, conceptual, standard projects of military and civilian facilities, taking into account the engineering and transport infrastructure, climatic and geographical features of the area;

be ready to build any buildings, complexes and special army structures on a turnkey basis;

the facilities under construction must have a modern infrastructure and a well-maintained environment, they must be fully equipped with new, high-tech equipment in accordance with their intended purpose;

the daily task is also the operation of the housing and housing and barracks funds.

So, the tasks are defined, the goals are indicated. It would seem that the VSK has finally found what it needed for so long - the meaning of its existence. However, not all so simple.

Firstly, it is only from an external, non-observant view that new organizations have been created and a new structure has been built. But in fact, both the personnel, and the equipment, and everything else for the most part were simply transferred from the liquidated enterprises of the same rogue Rosspetsstroy.

Secondly, special design institutes have been ruined in the course of corporatization of the late 2000s, not yet completely, but very seriously. A huge number of cool military specialists were lost - some were fired, some retired. This, in the days of Spetsstroy, affected the quality of work and is even more so now.

Thirdly, the inertia of the currently established control method has remained and continues to persist. The head offices of Rosspetsstroy are accustomed to the fact that since there are few specialist builders in the state and a small fleet of equipment, the missing personnel are hired at the construction sites, and the cars are rented. The result is appropriate.

The old psychology has also been preserved, and it will take a long time to get rid of it. Neither the usual rampant corruption, nor the failure to meet the deadlines, nor non-payments to contractors - have not gone anywhere. And this is one of the reasons for the low quality of the facilities being built. And no "personnel organizational conclusions" were made within the structure based on the results of such violations. Perhaps the inclusion of capital construction measures in the State Armament Program, which Sergei Shoigu announced at the Collegium of the Ministry of Defense on December 26, 2017, will help correct this problem. Wait and see.

So far, the only plus is the very fact of the transfer of special military construction under the wing of the Ministry of Defense. This creates a single structure responsible for the state defense order in the field of special construction. Which, upon completion of the formation process, will be appointed as the sole design and construction supplier for the Department of Defense. But even here it was not without a fly in the ointment - VSK was not completely exempted from tender procedures. Enterprises of the military construction complex are legally obliged to hold a tender for their subcontractors, and in this sense, nothing has changed.

Thus, the problems of the military-construction complex have not been completely eliminated, and there are still many weak points that can be exploited by corrupt officials. And most importantly, all reforms and reshuffles in the military-construction complex will be ineffective until the positions of the upper and middle management levels are occupied by people who have the first place to complete the assigned task, who are rooting for their own and common cause, who are able to build relationships with surrounding departments and organizations, regardless of personal preferences and interests, but only based on the benefits for the army and the state.

Now let's ask ourselves two fundamental questions. The first of them is whether a state (and even more so a great power), which conducts only private (commercial) construction, is capable of ensuring its defense capability?

Even the wise ancient Romans believed that construction was one of the most important military specialties. Since then, the tasks of military development have become immeasurably larger. So, can civilian builders, who do not know the specifics of special construction, ensure the proper quality, for example, of missile silos or airfields for our strategic bombers?

The second is closely related to this issue - the military construction complex, by the very fact of its belonging to the system of the Ministry of Defense, is aimed at the end result of its work, and not at making commercial profit. Of course, there are cases of theft and fraud here, but this does not negate the principle - when building defense facilities, military builders understand that they are necessary in case of war, and treat their task accordingly. Whereas for commercial construction firms, who care only about their own pockets, this is another next object, the funds allocated for which should be “sawed” as efficiently as possible. And whether it will function reliably in wartime is of no concern to the company.

So transferring special construction to the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defense is only half the battle. And then you need a firm and meaningful management of this system, the return of old experienced personnel to research institutes and military building organizations and the systematic cultivation of new ones, widespread strict control to get rid of the criminal work habits that have been ingrained in the flesh and blood, and much more.

And the main thing is to try to rid at least the sphere of the country's defense of the "market" methods of work, which sooner or later will lead both the army and the defense industry to destruction.

In 2016, the Ministry of Defense not only actively purchased weapons and military equipment, but also built hundreds of facilities throughout the country. In an interview with Kommersant, Deputy Defense Minister TIMUR IVANOV spoke about why the reform of the military-construction complex is ripe, what problems arise at construction sites and why the military is abolishing Spetsstroy.

- What volume of construction is being carried out now in the interests of the Ministry of Defense?

It is colossal and comparable in scale with the post-war period: more than 2 thousand objects of both special and social purposes are being built at the same time. These are radar stations, hydraulic structures, airfields, medical facilities, residential buildings, schools and kindergartens, cadet schools, military camps, training grounds, and berths. Work is underway from Kaliningrad to the Kuriles. In 2016 alone, more than 2.5 thousand buildings and structures with a total area of 2.7 million square meters were built.

I would single out several of the largest objects. In Vilyuchinsk, before the arrival of the first Boreyevs, a number of the most important facilities of the mooring front and coastal engineering infrastructure were commissioned, a mooring front for Project 636 submarines was built in Novorossiysk. The arrangement of military camps for two Iskander-M missile brigades in the Southern Military District was completed. Infrastructure facilities of the first Strategic Missile Forces regiments equipped with mobile and stationary missile systems "Yars" were commissioned, the development of a missile brigade in Shuya was completed. Work continues in the Arctic zone.

In 2016, in just five months, the Tula Suvorov Military School was rebuilt from scratch, and the construction of the Petrozavodsk Presidential Cadet School began. The work is carried out on its own in the amount of about 30 thousand people.

- This is without the involvement of subcontractors?

With subcontractors - plus 5-10 thousand people. The minister set the task of reducing the construction time and transition to standard solutions. We have analyzed all projects that have received a positive expert opinion since 2010. We split these projects into groups: canteens, dormitories, barracks, headquarters buildings, checkpoints, and so on. Now, when a new technical task is being drawn up for the arrangement of a military unit, the command determines everything necessary, based on the prepared list.

Due to this, we reduce design time and deal only with construction. We also analyzed what you can build from. Initially, everything was built of reinforced concrete, then metal-frame structures came to replace. Now we use block-modular technology, due to which the construction of the structure takes no more than a month. The use of standard solutions makes it possible to reduce the terms of design and survey work by about 30%, to halve the time for passing the state examination of design documentation, and also to reduce the cost of survey work by at least 5 billion rubles. annually.

The pace of construction of priority facilities should be noted. The construction of military camps for the deployment of personnel and equipment of a motorized rifle division at a training ground in the Southern Military District began in March, and on December 1, servicemen have already stopped there. The infrastructure was quickly built for the motorized rifle division in the territory of the Western Military District.

- What are the main problems of the military construction?

They are typical for the entire construction industry as a whole, and not only for military construction. It should be understood that construction in Russia is now one of the spheres most affected by the cuts in funding. And the problems here are caused not only by the difficult financial and economic situation, but also by a sharp reduction in orders from large contractors - primarily the state. And in the absence of mega-projects comparable in scale to the Sochi Olympics, there is no positive dynamics in the industry.

However, in the field of military construction, the situation is better, because the state, represented by the Ministry of Defense, forms a stable government order, which guarantees stable financing of the industry.

Nevertheless, the main problems in the field of military construction arise from the bad faith of contractors. A typical example is the SU-155 company, which did not fulfill its obligations for housing construction in Moscow. The amount of unearned advance payment amounted to 18 billion rubles. These are four residential neighborhoods for 16 thousand apartments, located in various districts of the capital. With the money received from the Ministry of Defense in 2011-2012, the company began to build commercial projects without completing construction, including engineering networks in the residential buildings of the Ministry of Defense.

Due to problems with an unscrupulous contractor, the process of housing provision for servicemen who have been allocated housing in Moscow has been delayed. According to the terms of the contract, the company was supposed to transfer all new buildings for settlement back in 2014, but work on most of the houses is still not completed. The Main Directorate for the Arrangement of the Troops, at its own expense, continued construction and commissioned two metropolitan microdistricts, as well as several new buildings on the streets of Levoberezhnaya and Polina Osipenko. But the question of financing these works is still relevant, since it is now very problematic to recover the amount of the unworked advance from the SU-155.

- Why?

First, there is no court decision yet. When the problem arose with the SU-155, it turned out that the company had about 40 thousand customers all over the country waiting for an apartment. At the end of 2015, an amendment to the bankruptcy law was adopted, according to which the priority right was given to equity holders. Thus, the Ministry of Defense, as the main creditor for 18 billion rubles, was already in the fourth stage.

To resolve this sensitive issue, we found a mechanism by connecting the Agency for Housing Mortgage Lending - now it acts as a state agent for the sale of the department's property.

Let me remind you that Sergei Kuzhugetovich (Shoigu. - "B") at the end of 2012 introduced a moratorium on the sale of state-owned real estate. Since then, not a single square meter of living space or land has been sold. Now, according to the law, we have the right to transfer the vacated land plots and buildings that are not used in the interests of the department to the State Agency for Mortgage Lending in order to involve unused property in the economic circulation and thus resolve issues of housing construction for military personnel.

- And when do you expect to get the result?

In the first quarter of this year, we will complete work, including through cooperation with the Agency for Housing Mortgage Lending. By the way, in December alone, five new buildings with 1805 apartments were commissioned in Moscow. Well, in general, if we talk about housing issues, in 2016 the Ministry of Defense has already actually switched to the planned provision of housing for military personnel, when an apartment or a housing subsidy is provided to a soldier in the same year when he receives the right to permanent housing.

In 2017, the remaining residential buildings with a total capacity of more than 8 thousand apartments will be handed over for settlement in Moscow. This will provide a solution to the problem for 85% of the servicemen who chose Moscow as their place of residence. The remaining servicemen waiting for an apartment in the capital will be provided with a housing subsidy. By the way, in 2017-2019 the federal budget provides for the allocation of 37.78 billion annually for it.

The previous leadership of the Ministry of Defense explained that everyone who is entitled to housing wants to live in Moscow and that is why there are problems with the queue.

The situation here is ambiguous. In fact, having received an apartment in Moscow, many immediately put them up for sale. It is clear that everyone has different reasons, they have the right to dispose of the property that they received from the state according to the law. It is also clear that an apartment outside Khimki, on Levoberezhnaya Street or near the Begovaya metro station, costs different money. Everyone says: "We won't go to Molzhaninovo, we want to live on Khoroshevskoe highway." Here, an apartment on the market costs, roughly speaking, 100 thousand rubles. per square meter, and there - 450 thousand.

- How does the accumulative mortgage system of housing provision for military personnel work?

In 2016, the members of this system purchased 13,000 apartments through the armed forces. In total, since the launch of the program, the number of participants has been steadily growing annually by 20 thousand servicemen. In 2008 there were 40 thousand of them, now - 176 thousand. Feel the difference? There is every reason to believe that in a few years the accumulative mortgage system will become the main form of housing for military personnel.

- Has the approach to the construction of military infrastructure changed somehow?

Undoubtedly. One of the important decisions that was made was related to the synchronization of the supply of weapons and military equipment with the pace of construction of support infrastructure facilities. That is, so that the arrival of equipment was interconnected with the commissioning of storage and service areas. In other words, we managed to get away from practice when new equipment enters the unit, but there is no shelter for it. Or the shelters have been built, and the equipment will only arrive in two years.

Now all incoming equipment is stored in modern storage facilities: "Iskander", "Yarsy", "Bastions" and other serious weapons. A similar infrastructure has been built, among other things, on the islands of the Kuril ridge.

- Do you mean Iturup and Kunashir?

Yes. We achieved this despite the fact that the contractor did not fulfill its obligations. We have to untie small knots: everything was built from wheels, sometimes the developers did not have time to issue the appropriate documentation, changes were made to the project. All this made construction very difficult.

- Will the reform of military construction continue for a long time?

The main task is to create a unified military construction complex. So that there is not just a separate construction department and other isolated structures, but a single organism functioning.

- Was the reorganization of Spetsstroy started precisely for this reason?

- Mostly yes, but not only. As part of the reorganization of Spetsstroy, the Ministry of Defense should retain eight divisions instead of the current nineteen. This decision was supported and approved by the country's top leadership. These enterprises will specialize in the construction of facilities in each of the military districts and in the Northern Fleet, and will also deal with highly specialized issues: they will be responsible for the construction of aerospace facilities and airfields, for the infrastructure of the Strategic Missile Forces, for the construction of berthing facilities in the interests of the Navy. In principle, the issues have been resolved, it remains only to understand how best to use the capabilities of some departments of Spetsstroy. For example, one of the central administrations is building part of the facilities on the territory of the Southern Military District, and some of the facilities are being built in the Arctic and the Far East. The company itself is strong: there is technology and people, there is a design bureau inside.

- What is the fate of the remaining assets of Spetsstroy?

We are now conducting a financial, economic and technical audit of the actual state of each federal state unitary enterprise and central administration. We have created two commissions: one commission is responsible for the liquidation of Spetsstroy as an executive body, the second - analyzes the state of the subordinate enterprises themselves.

- Are there any preliminary results already?

They will appear by the end of January. In general, the task of reorganizing the military construction complex should be completed by July 1, 2017. Until that moment, we will coordinate the issues of employment in the Ministry of Defense of employees of the Spetsstroy central office. Some of them will be taken by the construction department, some of the people responsible for corporate relations, control and approval of major transactions will continue to work in the property relations department, some of the people in charge of legal relations will go to the legal department. We will do the same with the enterprises subordinate to Spetsstroy.

- Does this only apply to builders?

Everyone. These are construction specialists, drivers, security guards, cleaners. There are even several sanatoriums.

- And what will happen to the enterprises of Spetsstroy, in which the Ministry of Defense does not feel the need?

If these are not in demand, then we will recommend reassigning them to the industry. For example, there is Spetsstroyservis: this organization has a large batch of orders from Roscosmos, Rostec, the Ministry of Industry and Trade ... Within a month we have to give proposals on changing the jurisdiction of certain enterprises. Then we will agree on the transfer of them to the jurisdiction of other executive authorities.

- Why did the Ministry of Defense decide to reorganize the agency?

Spetsstroy itself was an executive authority, and the only executors of contracts are enterprises subordinate to it. The customer is the Ministry of Defense, and government contracts were concluded between the military department represented by the construction department and the enterprises of Spetsstroy. The agency actually had several functions: coordination of large transactions, control of financial and economic activities, appointment of directors of enterprises. While reorganizing the military-construction complex, we are switching to complex work directly with the contractor.

In addition, the system that was built in Spetsstroy implied a large number of intermediary and contracting organizations: Spetsstroyengineering concluded contracts there with the Main Directorate of Special Construction N3, and that, in turn, entered into a contract with the Main Directorate of Engineering Works N2, and so on. ... And this chain reached three or four enterprises. This is unacceptable today. Therefore, our goal is to remove the chain of intermediaries and duplicate functions in these enterprises. The number of administrative personnel will be reduced by at least half, and efficiency will increase.

What is the most important thing in construction? Development. And it is obvious that in order to feed these 44 thousand people, there must be either huge contracts or big profits. There are no such profits at the construction site.

- What will be the role of the Main Directorate for the Arrangement of Troops (GUOV- "Kommersant") in the new configuration?

It often happened so that at the same time in the same region, sometimes on the same site, but through the fence, a special object is being erected by Spetsstroy, and GUOV is working exactly one hundred meters away. To avoid such situations, we will make sure that contracts that are implemented in parallel on one object are transferred under a single management.

- Does the reduction in the military budget have any effect on the construction site?

We have synchronized the arms delivery schedules with the construction schedule, in fact, we have shifted to the right those objects that are not a priority. In order to fit into the budget planned for 2017, which is 117 billion rubles, we will spend about 50% on development objects under multi-year contracts, that is, in order to complete facilities with a high degree of readiness this year. And we intend to leave 50% as a reserve to meet the operational construction needs of the armed forces.

Now the development of the state armament program for the period 2018-2025 is underway. This means that the budget for the purchase of weapons will no longer be formed according to one principles, and the construction budget according to others. The Supreme Commander-in-Chief supported the approaches to the formation of the basic expenses of the Ministry of Defense, and serious work has already been done to approve the basic indicators of expenses based on the normative method. The main goal is to create a mechanism for long-term financial planning and remove the problem of imbalance between the receipt of weapons and the creation of infrastructure in terms of financing.

- What measures were taken after the collapse of the Airborne Forces barracks in Omsk in 2015?

By the decision of the minister, an inspection of all departmental facilities was carried out: first of all, the barracks and housing stock and social infrastructure. Based on the results of the check, all interested military command and control bodies began to eliminate violations. 169 objects were decommissioned for decommissioning. All in all, the commissions have checked more than 90 thousand capital objects to date. And this colossal work is still going on, since, unfortunately, we still have a lot of "age" objects.

In order to prevent a repetition of such tragedies, instrumental examinations of all buildings and structures on which reconstruction or major repairs are underway were carried out. In addition, before starting reconstruction or major repairs, each object undergoes a rigorous examination in a specialized organization for signs of failure of the main building structures.

- And what about military medicine? What is happening in this area now?

Military medical institutions continue to develop actively. New buildings have been commissioned in hospitals and sanatoriums in Sochi and Anapa, a comprehensive reconstruction of the historical funds of the Military Medical Academy is nearing completion, and new medical units have been built in the troops. In June of this year, it is planned to open a multidisciplinary clinic in St. Petersburg.

We managed to achieve a significant reduction in the incidence of sickness among military personnel, as well as to increase the volume of high-tech care in our hospitals. As before, the main task is to increase the availability and quality of medical care, which means the good health of our servicemen, their families and veterans.

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