Registration number
Category of historical and cultural significance
Regional significance
Object type
Monument
Basic typology
Monument of urban planning and architecture
Date of creation
turn of the XIX-XX centuries.
Object address (location)
Moscow region, Orekhovo-Zuevo, st. Lenin, 54
Name, date and number of the decision of the public authority on placing the object on state protection
Order of the Ministry of Culture of the Moscow Region No. 14RV-81 dated 08.04.2015
Description of the subject of protection
<1>The subject of protection can be supplemented in the process of complex scientific research and the implementation of the production of restoration work. The subject of protection of the cultural heritage site of regional significance "House of Sveshnikov, the turn of the XIX-XX centuries." are: 1. The location and town planning characteristics of the Sveshnikov House at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, its role in the spatial-planning structure of the historically developed territory. 2. The volumetric-spatial composition of the L-shaped house in the plan of the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, complicated by projections and volumes of the porches, including the height marks along the crowning cornices. 3. Roofs of the turn of the XIX-XX centuries: gable main volumes with lucarne windows, including the roof of the risalits, elevations on the ridge, structures, slope angle, material, configuration, nature of the roofing, color scheme. 4. Compositional solution and architectural and artistic design of facades at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, including the location, shape, size, design of window and door openings, wooden carved window frames with sandriks and aprons, style carved decor of crown cornices on carved brackets, gable slopes , porch, including carved overhead details of pilasters and porch pillars. 5. The material and nature of the processing of the facade surfaces at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries: log walls, chopped into a "bastard with the remainder". 6. The coloristic solution of the facades of the turn of the XIX-XX centuries (to be specified in the process of restoration research). 7. Spatial-planning structure of interiors at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries within the main walls, original partitions, initial marks of floors and ceilings, doorways. 8. Construction and material of main walls, partitions, ceilings at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. 9. Architectural and artistic design of interiors at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, including drawn profiled ceiling cornices. 10. Wooden staircase at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries with wooden railings and balusters: location, construction, material, decoration. 11. Joinery window and door fillings of the late XIX - early XX centuries, including wooden paneled doors with hardware - material, design, manufacturing technique, color scheme.
The site has already repeatedly raised the issue of preserving the only wooden structure of the Morozov era that remained on Lenin Street (formerly Nikolskaya) - the house of the former house of the director of the board of the "Vikula Morozov with Sons" manufactory company Stepan Nikiforovich Sveshnikov, located opposite the modern Administration building:
Recall that the Sveshnikov house is a perfectly preserved example of a city estate of the late 19th century. It is notable, first of all, for the beautiful carved decor of the main facade, made in the style of traditional Russian wooden architecture and gives an idea of the peculiarities of the urban development of Orekhovo-Zuev at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. The need to save Sveshnikov's house was repeatedly spoken about by V.S. Lizunov, G. D. Krasulenkov, V.N. Alekseev. In early 2012, the initiative group sent a letter to the Ministry of Culture of the Moscow Region with a request to prevent the demolition of the Sveshnikov house, to which the former Minister of Culture of the Moscow Region G.K. Ratnikova.
Unfortunately, the situation is complicated by the fact that a tuberculosis dispensary has been located in the building since the 1930s. In connection with the withdrawal of this institution outside the city, the Administration of the urban district of Orekhovo-Zuevo made a decision to liquidate the building. In 2013, representatives of the Morozovtsy initiative group, which set as its goal the protection of the architectural monuments of the Morozov era preserved in Orekhovo-Zuevo - Lyubov Malyutina, Sergey Zharkov, Klim Bulavkin - repeatedly appealed to the city administration and the Ministry of Culture of the Moscow Region with a request to save the unique building from demolition and preserve it for future generations.
It is clear that, given the mood of the townspeople concerned about the problem of tuberculosis, the question of saving Sveshnikov's house from demolition seems to many to be a senseless undertaking. However, before destroying a cultural and historical object, it is worthwhile to once again properly weigh all the pros and cons. Collecting materials on the history of this house, I discovered very interesting information that makes me re-evaluate its significance for the history and culture of Orekhovo-Zuev.
The MGOGI Museum contains an unusual exhibit - a typewritten literary and artistic almanac published in 1957, where, edited by Professor Avraamy Alekseevich Kayev, works of teachers and students of the Orekhovo-Zuevsky Pedagogical Institute of that time are collected. The circulation of this almanac is only 4 copies. Among other materials, it contains the memoirs of a certain K.I. Malyshev, written down by student A. Shavrin, under the title "From the history of the revolutionary movement in the city of Orekhovo-Zuevo." It is about the work of one of the first revolutionary circles that arose in the city, whose members carried on the propaganda of social democratic ideas among the workers of the Morozov factories. In particular, K.I. Malyshev recalls: “... By the middle of 1905, the circle had accumulated a lot of illegal literature, from Iskra and proclamations to solid editions. The librarian was A.L. Balkin. Balkin kept literature with his aunt, who lived in the house where the TB dispensary is now located. She was Savva's housekeeper. Savva stayed in this house when he came to Orekhovo, for the most part he lived in Moscow (detail: both aunt and Savva were very fond of tea and knew a lot about it). And so, if the circle needed literature, then Balkin went to the bathhouse and, under this pretext, went to his aunt for linen, grabbing literature on the way back. No one suspected that illegal literature was kept in Morozov's house, in a chest, under linen. Balkin kept the place of storage of literature secret from all members of the circle and only later informed Malyshev and Anufriev about this ... ”(p. 92)
Thus, from this text we learn that S.T. Morozov in the last years of his life, coming to Orekhovo, often stayed in the house of Sveshnikov. In this regard, it is appropriate to recall that among the Orekhovo-Zuev writers until the 50s of the twentieth century, there was an opinion that it was in the house of Sveshnikov that A.M. Gorky, arriving in Orekhovo to see Savva Morozov. In particular, our famous writer, head of Osnovy V.A. Bakhrevsky from the senior mentor of many Orekhovo-Zuev poets A.A. Kaieva. Considering the fact that Savva, coming to Orekhovo, preferred to stay in Sveshnikov's house, it is very likely that he received Gorky there as well. It is also noteworthy that after the revolution, in 1925-1926, on the veranda of this house, the first meetings of the Osnova literary association, then created in Orekhovo-Zuev, were held.
Sveshnikov's house is truly a cultural heritage of our city, and it would be a big mistake to thoughtlessly destroy it, as 30 barracks, Konfeyev's tavern and many other monuments of city history were destroyed. Of course, the fact that a tuberculosis dispensary was located in Sveshnikov's house greatly complicates the problem of preserving and further using the building. However, today there is the Institute of Special Restoration, there are modern technologies to make the building safe, and consultations with the leadership of this organization are already underway. It's not easy, but if we really love our city, its history and culture, shouldn't we try to save the monument from destruction?
Photo by Tatiana Alekseeva
The construction of the Vologda Kremlin began in the 16th century by order of Ivan the Terrible. The planned territory was 2 times larger than the territory of the Moscow Kremlin. The laying of the stone fortress took place on April 28, 1565, on the day of the holy apostles Jason and Sosipater. This event later gave another name to Vologda - Nason-gorod. The tsar wanted to make Vologda a personal residence, but the liquidation of the oprichnina probably changed his plans, and the Kremlin was not built. The complex of buildings, which is now called the Vologda Kremlin, was created over several centuries; its buildings of different times are very different from each other in their style. It was the Residence of the Vologda Bishops. Until the middle of the 17th century, all buildings of the sovereign's residence were made of wood. Already in the first half of the 17th century, all the premises necessary for the administrative diocesan center were located in the residence of the Vologda bishops. These numerous wooden buildings have been rebuilt several times and are currently not preserved. They can only be judged by various documentary materials, in particular, by the Vologda scribal book of 1627. The Vologda Kremlin was previously the Residence of the Vologda Bishops. The complex of monuments to the Vologda Kremlin includes: The Economic Building The building of the Treasury Department, or the Economic Building, is the first stone structure in the Bishops' House dating back to the end of the 1650s. In the lower, basement floor of the building, there used to be glaciers and cellars, in the upper, main floor there were two large rooms separated by a passage, occupied by the treasury and treasury cells. The mezzanine of the building contained the bishop's treasury, jewelry and important documents. The chambers were intended not only for official purposes, they also hosted ceremonial receptions. The large thickness of the walls of the lower floor of the Kazenny Prikaz building (up to 1.75 m) suggests an earlier origin of this part of the monument (possibly at the beginning of the 17th century). In general, the architecture of the Kazenny Prikaz is notable for its simplicity and severity; it does not yet have that magnificent ornamentation that flourished in these years in Moscow and will appear in the North only later. Exaltation (gateway) church (1687 - 1692) The gateway church of the Exaltation was built at the end of the 17th century instead of a tent-roofed top over the main Holy Gate overlooking the St. Sophia Cathedral. This building, rather modest in its architecture, has a traditional composition of volumes. A relatively small quadrangle, crowned with one chapter, rises above a rectangular altar and a narrow refectory shifted to the north. The rectangular shape of the altar was typical for gate temples of the 17th century. The gateway Church of the Exaltation has survived to this day, but its former appearance was somewhat distorted by a domed covering and an elaborate head dating back to the 18th century. Consistorial building (XVIII century) Here, between 1740 and 1753, under Bishop Pimen, a stone one-story building was built, located between the bishops' chambers and the northern wall of the fortress fence. In the 1770s, under the Vologda Bishop Joseph Zolote, the second floor was added over the building, and it was given to the theological seminary transferred here, and later, in the 19th century, the greatly expanded Consistory was located here. Since then, the building itself and the small courtyard formed due to its appearance began to be called Consistorsky. In the summer, theatrical and music festivals are held here: "Voices of History" and "Summer in the Kremlin". Simonovsky building Simonovsky building with the Church of the Nativity of Christ. The second in time stone building of the Bishops' court. They were erected in the second half of the 17th century during the reign of Archbishop Simon of Vologda. High quadrangle of the house church of the Nativity of Christ with a quadrangular altar ...
Vladimir merchants Sveshnikovs
At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. in Vladimir, there were up to a dozen brick establishments of various sizes. The most significant of them was the factory of the merchant A. Sveshnikov. Brick factories worked 6-7 months a year, from May to September.The mansion of G.T. Meshcheryagin (no. 2) was built in 1792. The history of the construction of this city manor began in 1783, when a small area near the Golden Gate was allocated for development to Grigory Tarasovich Meshcheryagin, who manages the estate of Count A.R. Vorontsov in the village of Andreevskoye. The Vorontsov manager was a wealthy man and decided to build up this place with the "first number". In addition, G.T. Meshcheryagin was an influential citizen of Vladimir and easily achieved the annexation of neighboring territories. As a result, the decision on the land allocation was as follows: "He departs from the merchants Alexei Lukovnikov nine fathoms in fifteen hundred measure, Andrei Sveshnikov two arshins, on which the land consisted of a wooden structure, Lukovnikov has alum, a shop and a hut, and Sveshnikov's from a yard place." ...
Spasskaya Street, 1 
House of the merchant A. Sveshnikov. Bolshaya Moskovskaya Street, 8
House number 8 was built in the late. XVIII century Vladimir merchant Andrei Sveshnikov, who received income "from an inn." Then the house was bought by the Morozov merchants, and in 1864 the house was owned by the merchant of the 2nd guild Vasily Vasilyevich Elagin, who rented out one room of the first floor for a workshop in the basement, and the rest of the premises on this floor were used for a ready-made dress shop. The owner himself occupied the entire top floor. He had an income "from the skill of a tailor."
Subsequently, the house was bought by the merchant Petrovsky, who maintained here a confectionery shop with a very exquisite assortment: sugar, tea, coffee, sweets, confectionery, cigarettes.
In the documents of the middle of the 18th century, the merchant Sveshnikov in 1754 had land "... on a large street, going from the Golden Gate on the left side." In 1787, the Vladimir spiritual consistory - a special institution under the bishop for the administration of the diocese - anxiously informed the Vladimir governorship that the Vladimir merchant Andrei Sveshnikov intended to build a stone house on the church land. In 1787, the Vladimir architect Nikolai von Berk wrote that he measured the land to Sveshnikov, “going to the Golden Gate from the trade bridge on the right side to build a stone house according to the 2nd number ... Bolshaya Zlatovratskaya Street, seven fathoms one arshin fourteen vershoks, 2nd line in a turn to the right ... thirty-one fathoms, 3rd line ... thirty-one fathoms, totaling two hundred seventy-three square fathoms and three square arshins ... ", In the very place where the cinema building is located now. In December 1788, the merchant Andrei Sveshnikov reported that a stone house had been built on the land assigned to him, and asked to issue a "possession decree" on him. Such documents were issued to each developer.
Old photographs have survived, which depict a stone two-story house on this site, built according to an exemplary project by the merchant Andrei Sveshnikov, who had income from an inn and trade in various goods.
In 1817, the house was acquired by the merchant of the 1st guild Pyotr Ilyin, who was famous at that time for his wealth, acquired by supplying provisions to the army (see).
In 1790, the mayor, with verbal and conscientious judges and with builders, merchants Alferov, Grigory and Yakov Petrovsky, Spiridon Somov and Semyon Lazarev's shops, made a price assessment and recognized their owners by lot. From the register of shops it can be seen that in the then Gostiny Dvor there were 51 no. rubles - given to Andrey Sveshnikov; 2 - 350 rubles - to Ivan Motorin; 3 - 450 rubles - to Andrey Sveshnikov; 50 and 51 - 600 rubles - to Andrey Sveshnikov).
(1765-1818) in 1803 he sold his bookstore in Gostiny Dvor to the Sveshnikov brothers, not because he went bankrupt, but because his publishing activity took a lot of his time.
On September 12, 1879, the Board opened its activities. The management of the plant was grateful to the local specialist in the "candle business", I. V. Sveshnikov, for many of his helpful hints and messages.
For 1893 we learn about the following donations: “… For equipment: 1. M.F. Morozov for the sisters' dresses - 80 yards of black castor, 125 yards of lekoton and 1 pound of cotton wool. 2. Merchant N. D. Sveshnikov- leather for 18 pairs of shoes ... "
On April 9, 1895, a meeting of the founders took place in the chambers of Vladyka Sergius. On it, the bishop read the above-mentioned rescript of the Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich, told about the already created departments of the IOPS in other provinces. Subsequently, those gathered began to elect the officials of the department. Vladyka Sergius was unanimously elected its chairman. This kind of choice was not unusual; the heads of other departments were also diocesan bishops. Bishop Tikhon of Murom became the friend of the chairman (that is, his deputy), and the state councilor Ivan Stepanovich Krutikov became the treasurer, the merchant Nikolai Dmitrievich Sveshnikov was chosen as his candidate in case of retirement. N. P. Urusov, A. A. Shilov, N. A. Pyshkin, V. N. Muravkin, A. F. Petrovsky, I. K. Pavlov were elected as members of the council of the department.
1912 Nikolai Dmitrievich Sveshnikov's landing facility (
GENERAL INFORMATION
Dating: XIX century
Type: architectural monument.
Status: an object of cultural heritage of regional significance.
State protection document:
Decision of the Executive Committee of the Vologda Regional Council of People's Deputies "On state protection of monuments of history and culture" No. 586 of 11/19/1987
Address: Vologda region, Kirillovsky district, Kirillov, st. Gostinodvorskaya, 12
Short description. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the two-story stone house belonged to the merchant Vasily Alekseevich Sveshnikov, who was engaged in grocery trade in the city.
State:
unsatisfactory
Modern use: The building is empty.
HISTORY
At the beginning of the 20th century, the owner of the building was Vasily Alekseevich Sveshnikov. On the ground floor there was a “grocery-colonial” store where you could buy colonial goods - spices, sugar, coffee; next to it is a stone pantry. The house was estimated by the provincial zemstvo at 8556 rubles.
The family of E.K. and V.A. Sveshnikov had three children: daughters Natalia (1877-1935) and Evdokia (1878-1951) and son Alexander (1879-1934).
The latter owned shops in 1910. Alexander Vasilyevich Sveshnikov was married to a merchant's daughter Maria Anisimovna Pozdynina from Belozersk.
On the city plan of 1936, it is noted that the district party committee was located in the house. From the 1960s until the summer of 2017, it housed a branch of Sberbank of Russia.
ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION
The two-storey stone building with a basement is a good example of late classicism with meticulous attention to detail and sophisticated decor. Located in the center of the city at the intersection of Gostinodvorskaya Street and Preobrazhensky Street, it stands out for its size and drawing of the facades among the Kirillov buildings.
In the plan the house has a rectangular shape, elongated along the longitudinal axis. Its heavy, static volume is completed by a low rafter roof with four slopes.
The decor of the facades uses late classical motives. The main and side facades have seven and five axes, respectively, and are symmetrical about the central one. The middle parts of the northern and western facades are marked with projections. The planes of these facades are embroidered with linear rustication, with the exception of the second floor in the risalits. Window openings on the 1st floor have an arched lintel, at their base there is a horizontal draft. The floors are separated by a ledge and semi-shaft cornice.
The windows on the second floor are rectangular and lack any decor in the lateral parts of the northern and western facades. Three windows of the second floor in the northern facade in the risalit are decorated with rustic fragments with semicircular frames with key stones. On the main facade, three windows of the risalit have a similar decor, and two are identical to the windows in the side parts of the facades. Under the arched-framed windows there are panels, in which the stucco molding, consisting of two fragments, was placed. Her traces are clearly visible.
The frieze is formed by horizontal articulations and round medallions alternating with flat rectangles.
LOSSES, RE-CONSTRUCTIONS, RESTORATIONS
The building has retained its volume and decor without significant alterations and losses. No restoration work was carried out.
SOURCES AND REFERENCES
Glyzina L.I. Cyril merchants and Cyril-Belozersky monastery // Kirillov: almanac of local lore. Issue 3. Vologda, 1998. S. 120-131.
Glyzina L.I. Kirillov merchants of the second half of the XIX - early XX century // Kirillov: Almanac of local lore. Issue 4. Vologda, 2001. S. 142-157.
Passport of the monument of history and culture of the city of Kirillov: House of the merchant Sveshnikov // Archive of AUK VO "Vologdarestavratsia", accounting department (compiled by ND Troskina).
Materials for the assessment of urban real estate in the Novgorod province. T. 5. Novgorod, 1902.