- Address: st. New square, 12, building 1
- Entrance: Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, Sunday - from 10:00 to 18:00; Wednesday and Friday: 11:00 to 19:00.
- Days off: last Friday of the month, Monday.
Provision warehouses - a complex of buildings made in the Empire style. One of the almost completely preserved large public buildings of the early 19th century.
Description of food warehouses
At first, the purpose of the complex was utilitarian, but it was necessary to create the correct artistic image for the unity of the architectural ensembles. It includes three buildings that are similar to each other - they form the front front of the development of Ostozhenka Street and the square, together with the guardhouse located in the courtyard.
The building itself is a rectangular building consisting of 2 floors, each of which has a height of 6 meters. Two internal walls - two-tiered arcades - divide the structure into three equal parts.
Despite the fact that Stasov was the creator of the projects for the building cells of this complex, the architect Shestakov worked on the entire ensemble, who installed large buildings in this cramped and irregularly shaped area, and put in the backyard - at the very border - a guardhouse building, as well as cast-iron fences ...
The entire complex is presented in the form of a chain of equivalent links, interconnected, and also acting as the front front of the development of Ostozhenka and the square.
How are Provision Warehouses used?
The warehouses were created to store food supplies for the Khamovnichesky, Lefortovo, Spassky barracks and other military units stationed nearby. For about a century they were used for their intended purpose, and during the revolutionary time they acted as a point of defense for the Russian army. There is a plaque with an inscription on one of the walls.
The life of the building was disrupted in the 1930s, when the territory was given to the General Staff of the Red Army. Almost 20 years later, an examination of the premises was carried out, which revealed gross violations in its operation, and this despite the fact that the warehouses were an architectural monument, and were listed as protected by the state. The Committee on Architecture Affairs asked to withdraw the motor depot from here, but this was unsuccessful.
Already at the beginning of the 21st century, the motor depot of special and trucks of the General Staff acted as the owner of the building, and the restoration was last carried out in the 1980s.
Legal issues
Over the course of more than a dozen years, the authorities of the state protection of Moscow monuments have repeatedly raised the topic of removing the motor depot from the territory of warehouses, and about transferring the complex to specialized departments. Since 1999, there has already been an agreement with the Ministry of Defense to build a car fleet instead. Only in 2006 Provision warehouses began to be domesticated. Then Yuri Luzhkov, together with German Gref, decided to transfer them to the capital, along with other architectural monuments, such as Pushkin's house on the Arbat and Kitaygorodskaya wall. Instead, the government built a new car depot located on Berezhkovskaya Embankment and Rublevskoye Highway. For all this, about 1 billion rubles had to be paid. At that time, the APN acted as the owner of the land under the Provision Warehouses.
Ultimately, the building was given to the Museum of the History of Moscow in 2010. Two years earlier, it began to receive visitors, acting as an exhibition area. Before that, the territory was cleared of combustible materials, 10 layers of asphalt impregnated with fuel oil were removed.
Moscow City Museum
At the beginning of summer 2007, a plaque "Museum Association" Museum of Moscow "was hung here. Finally, residents and guests of the city were able to look at the ensemble not only from the façade, but also its interiors, where exhibitions were first placed.
Now you can see the expositions "Moscow of 18-19 centuries", "Ancient and medieval Moscow", recreated anew, as well as those that were created for the first time - "Moscow battle. The beginning of the Great Victory "and" Moscow. 20th century. Faces of the era ".
Young residents of Moscow come to interactive programs - "Military Childhood", "By the Paths of Ancestors", "Solar Capital", and attend various excursions.
Construction of warehouses
Until construction began on the site of the future warehouses, there was a city settlement, large estates of the Streshnev boyars, as well as empty garden plots.
The construction was ordered by the Provisional Order, which was responsible for the supply of provisions to our army. The work began in 1829 and ended in 1835. They were directed by Fyodor Shestakov, who relied on the project of Vasily Stasov.
The first project of the "exemplary" warehouse was originally created by Stasov 8 years before the start of construction, later he repeated it for the capital. At the same time, he had to prove the authorship by referring to archival research.
The exact date of construction is unknown - sources give different information. It can be both 1829-1831 and 1830-1835.
The complex of buildings for the Provision Warehouses located in Moscow at 2 Zubovskiy Boulevard was erected in the 1830s and is an example of mature classicism architecture. They were built specifically for the military department.
They started talking about the construction of stone storage buildings for the needs of the army in the First Throne capital in the early years of the 1820s, since the dilapidated wooden warehouses at the Serpukhovsky outpost were already unsuitable for the proper storage of "government provisions". Initially, it was planned to erect new buildings in the same area, near the Serpukhov Gate.
The design of a warehouse complex in Moscow was entrusted to an architect, and as an example, they recommended the design documentation for the construction of the Resurrection food warehouses in St. Petersburg, drawn up in 1821 by the architect Vasily Petrovich Stasov.
Construction began in 1829, but a different location had already been chosen - at the spit of the Garden Ring (now - the site along Zubovsky Boulevard, 2) and.
Since the latter adjoined Sadovoye at an acute angle, the allocated area received a trapezoidal shape in plan, which required Shestakov to make significant adjustments to Stasov's project, which was developed taking into account the regular planning of the city on the Neva.
In the end, the right building was placed along the red line of Ostozhenka, at an angle to the Central one, but in order for it to harmoniously fit into the ensemble of Provision warehouses, its facade overlooking the Garden Ring had to be "cut off" also flush with the red line of the street, along which the central facade of the Main Provisioning Building. Due to the monumental nature of the buildings, the beveled corner does not introduce dissonance into the perception of the object as a whole.
In addition, other changes were made to the main project:
- In addition, a guardhouse (guardhouse) was erected on the inner territory.
- A wrought-iron fence was erected along Ostozhenka Street and Zubovsky Boulevard.
The construction of the warehouses was completed in 1835.
Architecture and history of Provision Warehouses
The entire complex of two-level Provision Warehouses is made in a monumental style and in rather restrained forms.
All façade planes are smoothly plastered, with the exception of the central one, on which a rustic finish has been added.
In addition, the central and courtyard facades are decorated with trapezoidal portals, above which narrow window openings are interspersed with semicircular ones, the latter being recessed into niches.
Decorative stucco molding is also modestly presented. Its main elements are three-sided sandriks, as well as wreaths and garlands.
The completion of the buildings is a powerful cornice part, significantly protruding beyond the plane of the walls and decorated with a triglypho-metope frieze.
The inner space of all the Provision Warehouses is fenced off by arcade partitions into three naves.
Special attention is paid to the fencing of the entire complex, which occupies the space between the buildings.
So, the supporting pillars are made according to the type of fasces, which are crowned with the sign of the ancient Roman legions - linked battle axes. The forged lattice is decorated with lances on top and in the initial version was decorated with cartouches with the monogram of Nicholas I and the Russian imperial crown.
The Museum of Moscow is located in the old building "Provision Warehouses" in Moscow at 2, st. , d. 48. The entrance to the museum is from the side of st. Ostozhenka and from Zubovsky Boulevard.
Nearest metro station: Park Kultury.
The entrance to the territory of the museum courtyard is free. Exhibitions and excursions are paid.
The Museum of Moscow tells about what Moscow was like in the past, how it is changing today, what it can become in the future. The rich and varied collection of the museum allows you to explore Moscow from different angles, look at your beloved city from unexpected angles.
There are sculptures in the courtyard of the museum, and open-air exhibitions are held.
Documentary Film Center
The museum building houses a cinema specializing in documentary films. If you do not like cinema for everyone, then this is the place for you.
Historical information about the building of the Provision Warehouses
Provision warehouses were built in 1832-1835 by the architect Vasily Stasov. In Moscow, according to his project, it was built by Fyodor Shestakov (sometimes he is considered the author of the Provision Warehouses, and Stasov is called the author of the "exemplary" project). The warehouses consist of three buildings of approximately the same shape (the differences are caused by the non-rectangular geometry of the site). As the name suggests, warehouses were used to store food.
After the 1917 revolution, the complex of buildings was transferred to the Ministry of Defense. For the past 30 years, the military has used the buildings as a garage. The idea of removing the garages of the Ministry of Defense from buildings and creating a cultural center here dates back to the mid-1990s. Now the building is a museum complex.
Once I adored the Museum of the History of Moscow, I often visited it. At that time, it was located on New Square, in the former church of St. John the Theologian, which is under Elm. In 2009, the Museum received a new registration - in the former Provision stores on Zubovsky Boulevard (Garden Ring). Now it is called the Museum of Moscow. Full of hope, I went there.
Buildings occupied by the Museum of Moscow
The complex of buildings of the Provision shops on Zubovsky Boulevard, which now houses the Museum of Moscow
Provision shops (Provision warehouses) belong to the best architectural monuments in Moscow. The majestic Empire-style ensemble was built in 1830-1835 according to the "exemplary" project of a food warehouse for 35,000 bags, created by the architect V.P. Stasov at the Engineering Department in St. Petersburg. The construction was headed by the Moscow architect F.M. Shestakov.
One of the buildings of the Provision Warehouses, now the Exhibition Building of the Museum of Moscow
Provision stores (warehouses) were intended to store food supplies for the Khamovniki, Spassky and Lefortovo barracks. The buildings are distinguished by the large scale of the main divisions, a powerful Doric entablature, sloping walls and tapering door and window openings in the "Egyptian" style. The central parts of the longitudinal facades are marked with rustication.
The buildings are connected by a strict metal fence, decorated with military symbols.
In the early 1930s, the buildings of the Provision stores and the adjacent territory were transferred to organize the economy of the motor depot of the General Staff of the Red Army. This caused enormous damage to the buildings. Only in 2006 it was decided to transfer the complex to the Museum of Moscow.
Currently, one of the buildings is undergoing renovations, while the rest are hosting permanent and temporary exhibitions of the Museum of Moscow, and various events are held for children and adults. First we went to watch historical exposition... Tickets can be bought both for a separate exhibition and for everything. We bought everything.
I expected to see an expanded version of the collection that was kept in the old building on New Square. But, alas, everything ended in the 17th century. However, this exposition is very interesting.
Slavic jewelry and household items found on the territory of Moscow
Various models are also presented in the Museum.
The museum exposition seemed somewhat incomplete: a huge layer of more than three centuries of history from the 18th to the 21st centuries was thrown away. The next exposition was temporary - photographs of the Moscow industry. To be honest, I was bored here. Yes, beautiful, interesting photos. But the glasses with which they were covered were glare. In my opinion, they would look much more impressive on the monitor screen.
Then we moved to another building. There are ramps for cars here, and the walls have tightly absorbed the smell of exhaust. It is not yet clear whether the now fashionable "industrial" style will remain here, or the interiors will later be ennobled.
There were three expositions here. One - dedicated to the history created in 1944 car depot No. 147 belonging to the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR. She is currently in the Yekaterinovka military town on the Rublevskoe highway in Moscow. Its vehicle fleet includes more than 2000 vehicles of various classes. The vehicles of the car depot take part in many significant events: military parades on Red Square, tank biathlon competitions and others.
Another exhibition was dedicated to Grocery store stories: various plans, drawings of buildings. Interestingly, but personally for me it is more convenient to watch all this in a book or from a monitor screen. I don't see the point of going to the museum especially for this.
The third exposure completely disappointed. It was dedicated to the FIFA World Cup and was called "And, of course, football."
Exposition "And of course, football"
In my opinion, the Museum of Moscow is still very "raw". But Provision stores are very interesting to look at. So decide for yourself whether it is worth paying 450 rubles per person for all exhibitions.
Information for visitors:
- Address: Moscow, Zubovskiy blvd., 2
- Underground: Culture Park, Kropotkinskaya
- Telephone: +7 495 739‑00-08
- Site: mosmuseum.ru
- Open: Tuesday, Wednesday: 10: 00-20: 00; Thursday: 11: 00-21: 00; Friday - Sunday: 10: 00-20: 00; Monday is a day off.
- Ticket prices: from 100 to 450 rubles.
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PROVIANT WAREHOUSES
The closer to our time this or that work of architecture, the more the desire of the architect to firmly connect it with the surrounding buildings and features of the place, in its location, form and even details, is reflected. These features make themselves especially noticeable in buildings erected in cities. Such, for example, are the well-known Provision Warehouses in Moscow, built in 1832-1835 according to the project of V.P. Stasov in 1821 (ill. 19).
What could be more utilitarian in architecture than a warehouse building, a building designed to store food and household supplies! It seems that it is enough to erect only four walls, block them with a roof, arrange convenient entrances and rationally arrange loading and unloading devices, as the architect has nothing else to do here. However, V.P. Stasov, like his closest companions in art, reasoned differently.
The building of the Provision Warehouses in Moscow was planned to be built on one of the prominent squares of the ancient capital - Krymskaya, which was part of the system of squares located along the Garden Ring. Consequently, for all the importance of the utilitarian side of the structure - warehouses, they could not be simple "boxes" in which it was possible to conveniently store certain products.
In addition, the architect remembered well that the warehouse buildings were erected in Moscow, in a city devastated by a fire in 1812, in a city where so much was done to restore its former, so attractive appearance, where the restoration work itself was considered a matter of national honor. It is also natural that the victory won over the Napoleonic troops could not but affect the consciousness of the architect, could not but affect the nature of his work. However, Stasov perfectly understood that he could not, while conceiving the building of warehouses, erect a "monument to the era" where the reflection of national pride, the desire to glorify the great deeds of the people would subjugate everything else. Walking such a path, he would create a building-decoration, and not a genuine highly artistic work of architecture, in which the utilitarian, constructive and artistic principles would be harmoniously combined, united by a clearly expressed idea. It is obvious that in order to understand Stasov's plan, like the plan of any other architect, we must know history, so that, in the light of the conditions of the life of that time, the circumstances, the development of the country and the views of the time, we can correctly understand the features of an architectural work, delve into the essence of the plan and examine in detail its implementation actually.
The project of stone warehouses, as mentioned above, was carried out in 1821 as a typical one, that is, not associated with any specific specific place. The building was a 30 × 80 m building, divided inside by a stone two-tier arcade, which served as a support for roof trusses and wooden structures that connected the longitudinal walls to each other. This is a typical project that should have been applied in a construction on Krymskaya Square on a very inconvenient site.
Stasov's urban planning art was manifested in the fact that, without deviating from the high architectural and artistic qualities of his project, he arranged the warehouse buildings in such a way that they formed a complete and unified architectural group in its compositional structure. The planning difficulties were that the street (Ostozhenka, now Metrostroyevskaya), at the corner of which one of the warehouse buildings was located, faced the Crimean square at an angle. The opposite border of the irregularly shaped area was located at approximately the same angle. Consequently, it was impossible to place warehouse buildings on this territory without any changes. Nevertheless, Stasov, without changing the general architectural structure of the project, managed to get out of the difficult situation in a very simple way. The building, standing at the corner of the street, he gave in the plan a trapezoidal shape, and the unpleasant for the eye juxtaposition of the buildings, as if they were on top of each other, especially noticeable in the depth of the plot from the side of the square, he "covered" with a relatively frequent lattice, consisting of round in cross-section rods topped with spearheads. Thus, from the side of the square, an extended front of buildings was formed, endowed with a rare architectural and artistic unity, integrity of composition, laconism and expressiveness - those properties that were so valued in the era of Russian classicism.
19.V.P. Stasov. Provision warehouses. 1832-1835
Stasov, following the precepts of the ancient Greeks, appreciated his own beauty of architectural works, and not the details decorating them. The purity and clarity of the architectural form - the volume with the minimum number of details reaches the limit in the Provision warehouses. At the same time, the architect achieves the exceptional figurative power of the work, which involuntarily made one remember the valor of the Russian army, the great victory over the enemy.
Considering the massive, even majestic buildings of the Provision Warehouses, by the way, very low, one should take a closer look at the skillful construction of the entire front of the three buildings. Warehouse buildings not only decorated one side of a small area, but also began to build up an internal passage of the Crimean Boulevard that once ran here. Therefore, Stasov resorts in their construction to a certain unhurried rhythm that unfolds along the passage, four times repeated large and complete parts of the facades. He only varies the details, linking them to the location of the hulls. Thus, on the facades of the buildings facing the square and the former boulevard, he places vertical windows, not only marking the beginning and end of the rhythmic row, but also echoing the same windows placed in the middle of the central building. The general shape of the heavy, as if flattened, squat buildings is echoed by the elongated rectangular, unfilled panels of the lateral parts (risalits) of the central building. In turn, they are connected with the rusticated wall of its middle part, which reproduces in the plaster a powerful masonry of large squares of stone.
This consistency and interconnection of details, their repetition, constitute the characteristic features of warehouse architecture without a shadow of monotony and monotony, despite the white color, in which both the walls and all the details are painted. The uniformity of color organically unites the planes of massive, Egyptian-tilted walls, the architraves of the portals, the crowning Doric belt of triglyphs and beautifully patterned stucco victory wreaths with ribbons - the only sculptural details that adorn buildings that are perfect in strength and beauty (ill. 20).
20. V.P. Stasov. Provision warehouses. 1832-1835. Detail
Relatively high roofs play an important role in the general appearance of the Provision Warehouses. The rhythmic structure of their rarely set, but found in scale, lucarnes, echoes the row of semicircular windows above the portals of the entrances. The latter, with their trapezoidal structure, not only correspond to the slope of the walls, but also emphasize their place in the architecture of buildings. The portal masonry, carefully made of white stone, serves the same purpose, especially in its final part, slightly curved forward, which stands out against the background of the plastered walls. The pattern of wedge-shaped stones is striking in its perfection, at the same time shading the monumentality of the architectural forms of the warehouse buildings.