With the onset of autumn, we see large flocks of birds in the sky that fly to warmer climes for the winter. There are many stories, books, cartoons and fairy tales about this. Since there are many varieties, that is, those who live in one place all year round, even in winter. Such birds are also called non-migratory birds. There are, in general, quite unusual birds, which, on the contrary, fly to us in winter and can breed in winter! This is truly very interesting and amazing. Let's see why different birds do this and what it depends on.
Wintering birds of Russia: classifications, representatives
What birds stay wintering in Russia? Approximately 70 species of birds remain. Let's clarify again. Wintering birds are considered to be those that remain in their native lands during the cold winter. Therefore, they know how to survive here and find food. After all, the bird will not freeze only if it is full. Therefore, those species that feed exclusively on insects fly away. And those who can eat berries, seeds, crumbs or predators remain.
According to this, the birds were conditionally divided into several groups. by type of food:
- herbivores
- omnivores
- predators
As well as by place of residence In winter, the following groups were identified:
- live in the city
- live in the forest
- live in the field
A bird trap is used to capture and house birds. Some species take root very easily at home, some simply die in captivity. Therefore, a bird trap is sometimes useless and it is better to release some types of birds at once, and not torturing them. In the next block, we will consider in detail specific varieties of winter birds. Here are the most common:
Bullfinches, Crossbills, Jays, Crows, Pigeons, Waxwings, Nutcrackers, Goldfinches, Muscovites, Sparrows, Siskins, Yellow-headed Kinglets, Woodpeckers, Tits, Nuthatches, Schura, Magpies, Eagle Owls, Owls, etc.
List of winter birds
As we said above, there are many species of winter birds in Russia, we will consider the most common and well-known, related to comparison with different groups and habitats.
Bullfinches
Finch family.
Undoubtedly the brightest and most popular representative of wintering birds. He is recognized and known even by the smallest children for his characteristic bright red chest and he does not need a special description. By the way, not everyone knows that females have an ordinary gray breast. Red bright only in males. Bullfinches are about the size of a sparrow.
All year round they live in the forests together in small flocks. In mixed or coniferous forests, they feed on seeds and berries, buds from trees.
We see him only in winter, because only at this time of the year he is ready to leave his natural habitat to feed on feeders in the city. Their favorite berries in winter are, of course, mountain ash, so those who grow it in their yards will definitely be able to watch these bright beautiful birds in winter.
If desired, you can easily catch a bullfinch and teach it to live at home in a cage. Bullfinches love to eat very much, they are happy to eat all the delicacies of seeds and berries that they will be offered. They domesticate perfectly and are even ready to sing their songs to their owners soon. The only thing that is dangerous is that it is easy to feed them and thereby harm their health.
Although this bird is winter, but still, if frosts are stronger than 50 degrees, they cannot survive. Therefore, bullfinches that live in coniferous forests in the north of the country still fly for the winter. True, not to the south, just a little closer and warmer, and it turns out that the flight for the winter is just the same for us in Russia. So we found out what birds fly in winter?
sparrows
Finch family.
These small gray-brown birds live well in cities and are in front of our eyes all year round. They have a very large number, they are just for urban wintering birds. There are about one billion of them all over the world! Agree an impressive figure, so sparrows are known in many countries and continents.
These miniature birds, unremarkable in their color, are very unusual in fact. For example, their necks have 2 times more vertebrae than a giraffe. Sounds a bit implausible. sparrows have short necks, not long ones, but the secret is that their vertebrae are flat and that's why so many fit in such a small, short neck.
These birds are also very loyal. Choose a mate for life. They can get together with another bird only if the death of their partner has happened. That's it.
Sparrows are very friendly. In search of food, they fly in groups, and if one sparrow has found food, it immediately calls the rest. At night, in order to keep warm, they all sit together very tightly to each other, periodically change places, thereby warming themselves against each other in turn.
Sparrows are also very useful for fields, as they feed on various insect pests. But this moment was not taken into account in the PRC at one time, and since sparrows also feed on grains, they decided to exterminate the sparrows in their grain fields so that there would be more crops. Scientists have found that a sparrow can be in flight for a maximum of 15 minutes and frightening with noise did not allow them to land on the fields, as a result they were able to exterminate several million birds. But their joy did not last long, a lot of insect pests suddenly divorced and they had to urgently artificially import sparrows in order to save the crop altogether.
So the sparrow is of great importance in the food chain.
Crossbills
Finch family.
Completely forest dwellers, they do not fly to settlements and cities. Food is obtained exclusively in the forest, and even in severe winter frosts up to 30 degrees, they manage to breed and feed their offspring. True, they hatch chicks at any time of the year, the main thing is that the female has enough food, the rest is not so important. They insulate their nests well with the hair of various animals and moss.
Males have a bright red-brown plumage of the breast and head, while females are more inconspicuous, only a light color of the breast is yellowish, and the whole body is gray.
Individuals reach a size of about 20 cm in length, weight about 50 grams. They have a curved thin beak a little crocheted due to it and get their own food, get seeds from cones. Hardy can fly long distances in search of food.
Crossbills in the forest are often recognized by their unforgettable singing even in 50 degree frost.
Nuthatch
Nuthatch family.
Nuthatches are so called for the ability to quickly move along tree trunks. Interestingly, they can do it upside down. In this they are helped by sharp long claws. They live in absolutely different forests of Russia: in coniferous, deciduous, mixed.
In winter, they prefer to live and hide in the hollows of trees, where they breed offspring. If the hollow is too large, they take care of this in advance and smear the edges with clay in the warm season. They feed on larvae in the bark of trees; for this they are served by a thin, sharp beak. With their beaks, they check every crack in the bark of a tree in order to find food for themselves. We always hide the surplus of the extracted food in reserve under the bark of trees, masking it.
Do not shy away from populated areas such as large parks. Since they themselves cannot hollow out a hollow, they live with pleasure in birdhouses built by people. In the natural environment, they look for ready-made natural hollows or abandoned, for example, from a woodpecker.
Chizhi
Finch family.
Also a bird that is well-known due to the well-known song “chizhik fawn”. But in the cities you will not see siskins. Nevertheless, they are very sociable and trusting birds. They are easily caught in traps and become domesticated, even breeding easily in captivity. In their natural environment, they live in coniferous forests, feed on seeds and insects.
They make their nests in the roots of trees, they find a couple only for offspring and that's it.
Yellow-headed kinglets
These very tiny birds are slightly larger than dragonflies, making them almost impossible to see. But they sing very memorable and melodious, and all year round, and not only during the mating season. The nests are built very small, the chicks sit there tightly clinging to each other, higher in the branches of trees made of moss, fluff, blades of grass, cobwebs.
On the head they have a yellowish crest - hence the characteristic name.
In captivity, most often they do not take root, they stop eating and that's it.
tits
Another bright representatives of wintering birds are well-known birds about the size of a sparrow with a characteristic bright yellow belly.
Tits need a lot of food. They can eat up to 500 beetles or larvae per day! Therefore, in winter they are happy to get closer to cities and human dwellings, so that it is easier to feed themselves. They eat a variety of foods: seeds, lard, nuts, various dried fruits, crumbs.
owls
Due to their dense and dense plumage, they tolerate winter well. They are known to be nocturnal birds of prey. They have excellent vision in the dark and a very quiet flight. The main source of food is small rodents.
A large large bird, it can weigh up to 3 kilograms and an average height of about 70 cm. They live in forests.
We examined with you some of the brightest representatives of birds that remain for the winter in Russia. This is the winter life of birds. There are also many more wonderful representatives of birds, and in different areas there are different species. For example, wintering birds of Kuzbass are, among other things, black grouse, capercaillie and jay. Other areas have different species. Here are some of them: waxwings, nutcrackers, goldfinches, Muscovites, magpies, jays, woodpeckers, pigeons, smurfs, crows, owls, etc.
The variety of bird species is amazing and delighting. Winter bird species are only confirmation of how diverse our nature in Russia is.
Below we have prepared a large selection of photos and videos of Russian winter birds for you.
In contact with
Birds are warm-blooded creatures. Their average body temperature is 41°C. This means that they can remain active during the cold season, but need more food. Therefore, many birds leave their snow-covered native places and go for wintering to warm countries.
The main reasons why birds fly south in winter are lack of food and cold. Flights are more characteristic of species of high and temperate latitudes: in the tundra, almost all species of birds are migratory, in the taiga - three-quarters of the species. The number of migratory species in certain habitats also depends on how sharply the food conditions in them differ in summer and winter. So, among the inhabitants of forests and settlements, about half of the species are migratory, and among the inhabitants of fields, swamps, reservoirs - almost all species. migratory there are more birds among insectivores and carnivores, less among granivorous ones. This is understandable: if grain can still be found in winter, then there are no insects at all.
MIGRATORY BIRDS
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But there are birds that do not care about the cold. All year round they find suitable conditions for existence in their homeland and do not fly. These birds are called settled.
In the winter forest you can hear how the woodpecker is busily knocking, titmouse, pikas, nuthatches, jays are chirping. The wood grouse does not leave the winter forest either, because he always has food - delicious pine needles. But black grouse and hazel grouse eat alder catkins, buds and juniper berries.
The amazing bird crossbill in winter even manages to make nests and hatch chicks. The crossbill feeds on spruce seeds, which it extracts from cones with the help of its beak.
Some birds, during a favorable winter, remain in their homeland, and in severe winters they wander from place to place. This is nomadic birds. These include some birds nesting high in the mountains; during the cold season they descend into the valleys.
Finally, there are birds that, in favorable winter conditions, are sedentary, but in unfavorable years, for example, when the seeds of coniferous plants fail, they fly far beyond the borders of their nesting homeland. These are waxwings, Muscovy tits, nuts, tap dances, bullfinches, jays and many others. Saji nesting in the steppes and semi-deserts of Central and Central Asia behave in the same way.
WINTERING AND Wandering Birds
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Some widespread bird species are migratory in some places and sedentary in others. Among wild pigeons there are migratory, nomadic and sedentary birds. The gray crow from the northern regions of the Soviet Union flies to the southern regions for wintering, and in the south this bird is sedentary. The blackbird is a migratory bird in our country, and in the cities of Western Europe it is a sedentary bird. Rooks in more northern latitudes are migratory birds, and in more southern ones, for example, in Ukraine, in the Black Earth region, they are sedentary. The house sparrow lives in the European part of Russia all year round, and from Central Asia it flies to spend the winter in India.
In a children's song about autumn it is sung:
Birds fly south
Geese, rooks, cranes.
Here is the last flock
Wings flapping in the distance.
Ducks, swans, swallows, starlings, larks, nightingales, cuckoos, wagtails and various other species also fly away, most of which are familiar to city dwellers only from images. But there are many who remain.
Why are frosts not terrible?
What birds stay for the winter? Who is not afraid of severe Russian frosts and deep snow? What kind of birds can be seen all year round in the city and in the forest?
Not only for warmth, but also for food. If there is something to feed in the cold, they do not fly away. Warm plumage, the ability to flock, the ability to hide in various buildings and human help allow birds to overwinter. Although lingering ones can drastically reduce their numbers. Many fairy tales of the northern peoples say: "It was so cold that the birds froze on the fly."
city dwellers
The question of which birds stay wintering in the city is easy to answer. Pigeons are waiting for food in their usual places. every morning and evening flocks fly from the place of spending the night on large trees in courtyards and parks outside the city and back. Magpie, common crow, jay can be seen near the houses.
In the frosty air, the sound of a woodpecker on an old tree in the park is carried far away. In winter, it is even easier to find it by the sound and crushed bark lying on the snow and examine it among the bare trees.
Increasingly, in large cities of the middle zone, one can see ducks and even swans on non-freezing reservoirs, which people feed. Although until recently these wintering animals and whose photos are widely represented in the specialized literature, were a rarity. Reducing harmful emissions at enterprises contributes to an increase in the number of bird species in the city, which is an indicator of the well-being of its ecology.
old acquaintances
Whistle merrily at the windows and balconies, where they have already been fed, wintering birds, whose names are familiar from childhood: sparrows, siskins, goldfinches, different types of tits - large and crested, chickadee and Muscovite, long-tailed, as well as nuthatch.
It is difficult to see tits in the city in summer, but by winter they migrate closer to human habitation, they can fly to a familiar window for several years in a row.
Flocks of bright bullfinches and waxwings fly noisily from one rowan tree or small-fruited apple tree to another, leaving many pecked berries on the snow. During the thaw, overripe berries can ferment, then the birds, having eaten them, behave like drunks. They lose their bearings, hit the walls and fall.
These are wintering birds, whose names and photos are a symbol and decoration of the harsh season. The appearance of bullfinches and waxwings always attracts attention and pleases.
The science of kindness
Wintering birds for children become an object of study and care. Together with their parents and caregivers, they make and fill the feeders, see who flies to them. They observe how they behave if they have to share food, wintering birds. The kindergarten and playground with feeders attract sparrows, tits, pigeons from all around. Grain, seeds, waste from the table, pieces of bacon - like hot cakes in these bird canteens.
A heavy pigeon can turn over a hanging feeder, you have to invent various designs for small birds.
It is always interesting to watch how impudent sparrows snatch crumbs and seeds from under the noses of important pigeons. Magpies chirp and jump, respectable crows walk. Such lessons of communication with wildlife are very memorable for children. It is very important to know which birds stay to winter in the city, to prepare for their appearance, to feed them in harsh times. This is the science of kindness for a child.
What birds stay in the forest for the winter?
The north is buried in snow even in winter, rivers and lakes freeze. Waterfowl and fly south. But observant skiers, hunters and outdoor enthusiasts know about which birds winter in our forests.
In cold weather, you can hear and see tits, woodpeckers, crossbills, and nutcrackers in the forest. Some species of thrush fly away, but the fieldfare and blackbird can remain wintering at the latitude of the Leningrad region, especially with a plentiful harvest of mountain ash. More often old males remain.
They easily find food and can hide in the snow from predators such large birds as capercaillie, black grouse, partridge and hazel grouse.
Predatory hawks, owls, tawny owls, eagle owls, owls winter in their nesting areas, although some species migrate from more northern regions. They can be found not only in the forest, but also in parks, gardens, cemeteries, in holiday villages, where they hunt small birds and rodents.
Taiga game
If someone saw and heard a flock of large birds taking off from under their feet, they will hardly ever forget the fright and surprise from such a meeting.
The smallest representatives of wild chicken - quail, winter in Africa, South Asia. But their relatives hazel grouse, black grouse, capercaillie and partridge have always been a welcome winter and spring prey for Russian hunters. Taiga game meat has a delicate resinous flavor and is highly valued.
Deep snow serves as a home and bed for these birds. In the evening, a flock of stones falls into a snowdrift from trees and hides in it from frost and wind. And in the morning it takes off to feed again on needles and buds. In severe frosts, a flock can remain in the snow all day.
But a snowdrift can also become a grave for birds if a hard crust forms on it, and the hazel grouses or partridges do not have enough strength to break through it and get out.
And when the first thawed patches appear, the time comes for capercaillie and black grouse to bewitching displaying. During mating songs, they do not hear anything, for which they got their names.
thrifty nutcracker
The long winter forces some birds to make substantial stocks. Among the Siberian fishermen there is an expression: "Kedrovka let down the whole bump." The thing is that in a year when there are few pine nuts, almost the entire crop is stored by this bird. Hearty, rich in tasty and healthy oil, nuts help to endure the harsh winter and raise chicks in the spring. Nutcracker makes tens of thousands of bookmarks of nuts, 10-20 pieces each, in secluded places and remembers them for several months! Some of the reserves, of course, are stolen by other inhabitants of the taiga, from chipmunks to bears, forgotten "treasures" sprout, give rise to new groves of Siberian pine.
winter chicks
What other birds wander to those places where many seeds of coniferous trees were born, and manage to fearlessly breed chicks in February?
In our country there is a crossbill-spruce. Beautiful colorful birds with tenacious paws and a crossed beak deftly extract and crack the seeds, then drop the cones to the ground.
In January-February, they begin to build warm two-layer nests. The male brings food to the female sitting on the nest, she incubates the eggs for a little more than two weeks, and then the parents feed the chicks for another three weeks. Sometimes crossbills postpone nesting until spring, hatching chicks only in May.
Life doesn't stop
For a curious observer, it is no secret that not only the well-known tits, pigeons and sparrows, but also tap dances, buntings, smurfs, kinglets and three to four dozen other species hibernate next to us. During trips and walks, you can get acquainted with a variety of representatives of birds, learn to distinguish between their voices and footprints in the snow. There were even mobile applications that allow in the field to identify birds by voices.
Hanging a feeder from a plastic bottle or pouring crumbs from the table onto the windowsill is not at all difficult, but it is so interesting to watch the birds and understand that life in nature does not stop even in winter.
We live next to small feathered neighbors who decorate and enrich our lives with sonorous unforgettable singing and sometimes unusual plumage coloring. We can see small winged creatures in gardens, parks, forests and even outside the window of our apartments all year round. Many birds leave their homes and fly away to warmer habitats with the onset of cold weather. But, some of the birds remain to winter and perfectly cope with the harsh frosty winters of our latitudes. What birds remain in their native lands and how they endure the cold - let's talk about it.
Birds that live in a certain area throughout their lives are called sedentary. "Settling down" and constantly living within the same range, making nests, feeding chicks, feeding on available food - is typical for sedentary birds. These birds do not fly south with the onset of cold weather, they are able to get food even in severe snowy conditions.
Wintering birds are well adapted to frost due to the deposition of fat. In cold windy weather, birds fluff their feathers to keep warm. Most often, birds suffer not from severe winter frosts, but from lack of food. In snowy winters, it is especially difficult for birds to feed themselves. Therefore, birds settle near human habitation. This makes it easier for them to find food and survive.
Sedentary birds list with names
It seems to us that almost all birds migrate to warmer climes during the cold winter. In fact, many birds do not leave their place of residence and spend the winter in their homes. We list the most common birds leading a sedentary lifestyle. We often see these birds in city parks, squares, in forests near country houses. In winter, wintering birds get closer to human dwellings in search of food.
- pigeons
- tits
- sparrows
- Bullfinches
- magpies
- Jackdaws
- crows
- black grouse
- capercaillie
- Dubonosy
- grouse
- Woodpeckers
- owls
- Nuthatch
- Dippers
- Crossbills
- Goldfinches
- pikas
- Waxwings
- Chizhi and other birds
Sedentary birds photo with names
Let's talk about the most common birds that are not afraid of the cold and winter in our area. Let's start the review with restless and noisy sparrows.
house sparrows They live near human dwellings, which is why they got such a name. In summer, sparrows appear as nondescript gray-brown chirping birds. Only in winter, against the backdrop of white snow, you can see the true beauty of the birds. Males stand out especially with a black shirt-front on the chest and a “mask” around the eyes.
Pugnacious little creatures for the winter are grouped in flocks. This makes it easier for the birds to feed. With regard to food, sparrows are not picky - they can eat anything: edible garbage near garbage cans, seeds, seeds, hibernating insects in tree bark, dry fruits and berries.
great tit often found on tree branches in cities and rural areas. This is the largest of all types of tits. Beautiful elegant bird with olive-yellow plumage and white cheeks. The head of the tit is adorned with a black cap, and a vertical strip of black feathers runs along the breast.
The "intelligent" bird carefully peels each seed from the shell with its beak, carefully looking around. After feeding, the bird cleans its beak on a branch and flies for the next seed. Having found food, the tits notify their relatives and soon the entire blue flock flocks to the “tasty” place.
blue titmouse- decoration of our forests. A small titmouse with bluish-yellow feathers and a charming blue top on its head. Dark blue eyeliner stands out brightly near the beak and converges at the back of the head. The blue tit is an excellent songbird, its trills cover 5-15 transitions.
Other species of tits also winter in our latitudes. Most often found Muscovy tits, titmouse,crested tits. Birds love to feast on sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, plant seeds, nuts, unsalted lard.
Moskovka or black tit lives in a coniferous forest, and closer to winter moves closer to people.
Titmouse-gadgets or black-headed nuts in winter, it flocks together with Muscovites, pikas, and titmouse for joint food.
crested tits or grenadiers have a flirtatious tuft on the head, which is always raised. By winter, it gathers in mixed flocks with small birds for winter survival and is determined closer to settlements.
Nuthatch- nimble little birds that choose small hollows for housing. Females "adjust" the size of the hole in the hollow to the desired size, covering the excess space with clay. Agile birds quickly scurry up and down the trunk of trees, even upside down in search of food, as if "crawling" - hence the bird's name.
Dippers or water sparrows feel good close to ice-free reservoirs. Small fish, crustaceans, insects and their larvae in coastal pebbles are the main food for birds. The snow-white breast, which adorns a small bird, is saturated with fat and is not wetted by water. Olya is an excellent swimmer and diver. Under water, the bird can stay for almost a whole minute, running up to 20 m along the underwater rocks.
Bullfinches- bright and prominent pichugs that stand out against the background of the snow cover. Bullfinches-males have a bright red chest, females are painted more modestly. Rowan berries are a favorite delicacy of birds, so birds can often be seen on rowan branches.
Waxwings- beautiful wintering birds with silky plumage. Feathers are painted in a delicate brown color interspersed with red, yellow, black and white hues. In summer, birds feed on insects, and with the advent of cold weather and snowfalls, they switch to berries of mountain ash, hawthorn, viburnum, chokeberry, which hang on bushes in winter. Many summer residents deliberately leave some of the berries on the bushes to feed the birds in difficult times.
Jays- cautious birds with bright blue patches on the wings. "Shining" bird, as the name of the bird is translated from the Old Russian language. In warm weather, jays hide in the dense foliage of large trees, where they find a lot of food. In winter, you can see jays within the city, where they move from the forest zone in search of food. The bird has the unique ability to imitate other birds and even imitate the “knock” of an axe.
gray crows ubiquitous in urban and rural areas. Closer to winter, they group into mixed flocks of corvids for food and survival in winter. They move widely on the ground, spreading their legs, in a hurry, sensing danger, begins to “jump”.
Ravens are omnivorous birds: insects, small vertebrates, chicks and eggs in the nests of other birds, berries, seeds, plant fruits - everything is suitable for a picky bird. Crows are excellent natural "orderlies", eating garbage and any carrion.
Jackdaws- numerous wintering birds living in small groups or numerous flocks with other birds. In winter, they mainly feed on food waste in landfills or from garbage containers. They spend the night in the branches of large trees. Jackdaws have long lived next to humans. Birds are easily tamed and very sociable. The craving of birds for shiny things is known.
Spotted Woodpeckers with the help of a strong beak, they look for insects, larvae and hidden clods in the bark of trees. The birds have beautiful plumage. The red nape and bright underwings adorn the indefatigable forest "nurse"-worker. White horizontal stripes on black wings give the bird a special charm. Woodpeckers move little and cover short distances. In their territory, birds create a strong knock on tree trunks, announcing their presence.
Sedentary birds in autumn and winter
Sedentary birds in summer and autumn live comfortably in their specific territory. As a rule, birds settle in their old nests. And if for any reason they collapsed, tireless workers build new nests for breeding. In summer and autumn, there is still enough food to feed on, and many birds stock up on food for the winter.
With the onset of cold weather, it is increasingly difficult for birds to find food. Therefore, many birds roam closer to human habitation from nearby forests for the winter. Here you can meet crow, jackdaws, sparrows, bullfinch, tits on the branches of park trees near housing estates. Increasingly, people are arranging artificial bird feeders on balconies, on trees near houses and in city parks.
Here, hungry birds can eat bread crumbs, seeds, nuts, cereals, and titmouse - unsalted fat.
IMPORTANT: When installing a bird feeder, bird food should be added regularly. Birds get used to feeding places very quickly, so in bad weather they rush to these places to get food. It is necessary to ensure that there is always food in the bird feeder.
Which birds are sedentary and which are migratory
settled or wintering birds stay at home during the winter. They are not afraid of cold weather and can get their own food even in cold weather, flying up to the places of human residence.
Migratory birds during the winter they fly to countries with a warm climate. Many birds cannot provide themselves with food in winter. These are mainly insectivorous birds that feed on flying insects, larvae, caterpillars, fruits and berries of plants.
Therefore, already in September, they are forced to leave their nests and migrate to countries with living conditions similar to those in their homeland. With the advent of spring and warm days, they return to their former nesting sites. Migratory birds include:
- Wagtails
- Rooks
- Starlings
- geese
- swallows
- Swans
- Larks
- Thrushes many other birds
wandering birds- an intermediate link between wintering and migratory birds. These birds are able to fly short distances in search of food and resting places. Bullfinches, woodpeckers, waxwings, tits can migrate to another territory within 10-1000 km if there is a threat to their existence and there is no available food.
What is the difference between sedentary birds and wintering birds
Wintering or sedentary birds live in a certain territory and do not migrate south with the onset of winter. In places of permanent habitat, such birds settle for life (hence the name of the birds - sedentary), build nests, and raise young offspring.
Birds can forage even in cold weather, so they stay over the winter (wintering birds are also called sedentary birds). In severe snow frosts, birds can move short distances in search of food. Most often, settled birds settle near human habitation, where they receive enough food to survive cold times.
Sedentary birds of the middle lane, list
Russian ornithologists are constantly updating the lists of sedentary birds that live in the middle part of the Russian Federation. In the context of global warming, this list is replenished with birds that migrate with the approach of cold weather closer to human settlements.
Increasingly, waterfowl remain wintering near non-freezing or partially freezing water bodies within urban areas. Here is a list of the most common sedentary birds in central Russia, which can be found in different habitats from March to December
waterfowl
- Mallard
- black-headed gull
- Little Gull
predator birds
- Rough-footed buzzard
- goshawk
- Merlin
- Owl
- White Owl
- sparrow owl
- Owl
forest birds
- Grouse
- Capercaillie
- black grouse
- ptarmigan
- gray partridge
- Kedrovka
- Jay
- Bunting
- common grosbeak
- common bullfinch
- white-winged crossbill
- Pine crossbill
- waxwing
- Goldfinch
- Zelna
- spotted woodpecker
- grey-haired woodpecker
- white-backed woodpecker
- green woodpecker
- three-toed woodpecker
birds that live near human habitation
- Magpie
- Crow
- Hoodie
- common jackdaw
The most beautiful wintering birds in Russia, video
Sedentary birds list with pictures Grade 3
Sedentary or wintering birds live next to humans. During the winter cold, our little feathered friends should be helped by equipping bird canteens. Birds are our little feathered worker friends. Don't forget about them in winter. The main condition for the survival of birds in severe weather is a sufficient amount of food, and not severe frosts. Let's help the birds to survive in the winter - and the little creatures will thank us with cheerful chirping in the summer and the prosperity of our forests, gardens and parks.
Video: who winters with us
In the big bird world there are migratory and non-migratory birds. For migratory birds, the change of seasons is a preparation for a big journey, and for non-migratory birds, the onset of the cold season becomes a long and difficult time to winter this difficult time.
Spring
birds in spring
With the advent of the first warm days, migratory birds return to their native lands. At home, they have a lot of work to do: build nests and raise chicks.
Wagtails are the first to return to their habitats. They are especially punctual, so they never miss the ice drift that has begun.
At a time when the earth was almost freed from the heavy snow cover, the rooks had already arrived. They are the very first to breed chicks, which is why their nests are already built in March.
Also early migratory birds are starlings and larks. The first song of the lark is evidence that the cold will no longer come. As a rule, males return first, and only after - females. And the last of the starlings and larks to return are those who linger or get lost along the way.
Birds do not return home from warm lands because there is nothing to eat there. It's all about the instincts of birds. They are drawn to their homeland by the desire to multiply.
The flight of birds to their native lands is much faster than departure. And the thing is that they are in a hurry to withdraw their cubs, which does not tolerate delay.
You can roughly determine the periods of arrival of birds to their native lands. In mid-March, rooks return to their homeland, and by the end of this month, starlings arrive.
In early April, larks, swans, blackbirds, finches and kites can be observed. Geese, ducks, gulls, cranes and sandpipers arrive in the middle of this month. And at the end - warblers, redstarts, woodcocks and forest skates.
But May is characterized by the arrival of swallows, flycatchers, nightingales, swifts and ivory.
Summer
Bird life in summer
The main task of each species of birds for the summer is to feed and adapt the chicks to life. If the summer turned out to be rainy and cool, then the life of birds becomes somewhat more difficult. The chicks are dying of colds and hunger. Yes, and the parents themselves are in great danger while it rains.
Drought is also not a favorable state of nature for birds. For birds that live in swamps, drought is a disaster. During such periods, marsh birds are forced to go out in search of a new habitat. And if the hot days drag on, then the vegetation begins to dry out. This situation is dangerous for all kinds of birds.
The main task of the birds for the summer is to teach their chicks to fly so that in the fall they can fly south with their parents.
As a rule, summer days are accompanied by early dawn and late sunset, so the day of many birds becomes longer. So, for example, gaichki, they wake up with the first rays of the sun, and fall asleep at sunset.
And the songs of the redstart can be heard at any time of the day, because she wakes up before sunrise, and falls asleep at dusk.
In the summer season, birds are especially active and lead a familiar lifestyle. Day and night predators hunt in forests and steppes. The inhabitants of crowded places familiar to us fly along the streets of cities and villages.
Autumn
Which birds fly away in autumn and which ones stay?
Why do birds fly south? Because in winter they do not have enough food, and there is a possibility that their body will not endure severe frosts. Most of the inhabitants of the tundra are migratory birds, and in the taiga some species are such. The dependence of the number of migratory species depends on how suitable the habitat is in terms of food - whether there are enough food supplies. Thus, it turns out that half of the forest feathered inhabitants fly south. And fields, swamps and reservoirs do remain to winter without their winged inhabitants.
Migratory birds are: finches, wagtails, song thrushes, chiffchaffs and swallows. Lapwings, forest pipits, larks, orioles, robins and redstarts also prefer to fly to warmer lands.
But there are birds that are able to endure cold days, they are called sedentary. Such birds include: woodpeckers, tits, pikas, nuthatches and jays. Cold days are not afraid of capercaillie, black grouse and hazel grouse. And the crossbill bird can generally make nests in winter and breed.
It is worth highlighting the nomadic species of birds. They do not fly away to warmer climes, but move from place to place all the time. For example, waxwings, Muscovy tits, nuts, tap dances, bullfinches and many others.
Winter
How birds winter
Winter is not an unexpected period in the life of birds. Those who stay for the winter are really ready for harsh conditions. Birds stock up on food and seeds. And sometimes they go out in search of fallen earrings, cones and nuts.
So, for example, jays. They can often be seen looking for acorns, even potatoes and grains.
And the hazel grouse grows a special fringe on its paws, so it can hold on to icy tree branches.
Birds that feed on buds, seeds and catkins are better supplied with food in winter. These are - white partridges, hazel grouse, black grouse, capercaillie.
But birds that prefer to eat seeds and foliage are always in a difficult search for food. For example, goldfinches, linnets, siskins, tap dances. These birds are saved only by the seeds of spruce and pines.