The service life of the modern refrigerator, whether Atlant, Samsung, Liebher, Stynol, Indesit or another brand is a parameter that needs to trust the least. You can be sure that the refrigerator has the stated power. You can visually check the number of cameras or test the declared temperature. But the service life can be checked only by an experimental way. And if the manufacturer declares that it is to buy its refrigerator in the store - it means not to take care of its repair for 15-20 years, then you should not believe it. Yes, for properly operation most household appliances, regardless of its cost, can serve you and 10, and 20, and even 30 years old. But no one bothers refrigerator aggregates Ordered to live for a long time in five years. Yes, such situations can not be called characteristic to modern devices, but also to completely exclude them and miss the type is not recommended. website
If you think that with the Soviet household appliances It was all differently, then you are mistaken. Yes, today in many homes you can find workable refrigerators of the USSR times, which will serve another 10-20 years. But who said that modern will not work after so many years? Yes, and B. soviet times The broken refrigerator was not something out of a series of outgoing. Therefore, the quality of modern household appliances is not worth sinning. Moreover, expensive refrigerators have indeed good quality, with minimal risk of breakdown or marriage.
Should I believe the manufacturer?
So, as you already understood, the expiration date declared by the manufacturer is the information that is not worth trusted. But what is worth trusting is a warranty period, that is, the deadline for which the manufacturer guarantees the buyer that the refrigerator will fail. If, of course, the owner himself will not help him. The time interval, prescribed in the vehicle and the warranty coupon, reflects the real state of affairs. If it is written that warranty period It is 3 years, then during this time, for the safety of our home appliances, you can not worry. The manufacturer and himself is not advantageous to overestimate it. And if it is understood, the buyer will begin to realize that in front of him there is also a lot of consumer goods, to which even the manufacturer itself cannot give a good guarantee. In other words, the warranty period is a digit that can be trusted. Even if during the warranty period, the refrigerator fails, you can be sure about the new refrigerated chamber You do not need to run. If, of course, we are talking About the failure due to the fault of the manufacturer, and not due to the voltage drop or due to the fact that you have chopped off the slices of ice with a screwdriver.
Warranty period
Do not think that at the end of the warranty period, it is just as guaranteed to stop working. On the contrary, most refrigerators are experiencing their warranty period in two or three or four times, and feel very good at the same time. But after his expiration, each breakdown is already your problem solved for your money. Therefore, after it is over, follow your technique with special care. Periodically wash it and defrost, do not let dust accumulate on back wall, do not overload with products as well as follow the shelf life of eggs, cheese, milk, fish, meat, champignons, rolls, cottage cheese, chicken, dough, sushi, cake, minced meat, cakes, mushrooms, sausages, caviar, soup, broth, sour cream, Minor, kefir, herring, pork, chill and other products. And then how the smell appears in the refrigerator - so immediately begin to apply all sorts of detergents and extractive means that can harm the refrigeration and freezer.
What conclusion can be made from the foregoing information? Output one. Buying a new refrigerator, carefully look at the deadline for which the manufacturer is ready to provide a guarantee. If he is suspiciously small, think twice before taking this model.
In order for the refrigerator to serve as long as possible to follow all rules for use:
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Washer-drying machine for linen, instructions for use.
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Choosing a refrigerator for climate class, species, Russian realities.
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To this day, in some homes you can find the wonders of Soviet technology: for 25 years we will tauralate in the kitchens Zila, with a supervision of vacuuming carpets "Typhoon" and everything is still erased without pressing "Vyatka". This technique was bought on the century, and she was successful, without serious breakdowns, it copes with the responsibilities entrusted to it today. But the service life of modern devices often raises a lot of questions from buyers and repair masters: they say, where are the old good devices, long-livers and why so short age of new refrigerators and "styral"? We try to figure it out.
Are manufacturers, despite the progress by seven-mile steps, have learned to make high-quality and long-lived household appliances? Or do we purposefully judge a disposable product, intentionally shorting it the deadline for the service? The question is very ambiguous, considers the leading engineer of the Belarusian State Institute of Standardization and Certification Denis Savich:
- On the one hand, a rare manufacturer will sacrifice its reputation: such an informed neglect of quality will affect the image of the brand and sales. Competition all the time forces improving product characteristics, including increase and service life. People begin to pay attention to the technical and other product parameters. On the other hand, some manufacturers can really stay on the market due to an increase in sales of a more or less low price and quality of goods according to the principle "broke - thrown out - bought a new one."
You can compare a modern compact washing machine with its Soviet "ancestor": the benefits are obvious. However, the materials in them will differ significantly: some were replaced lighter and cheap (and therefore, less durable), the hull became more presentable, but plastic. Even the most minor savings of the manufacturer on the components of the device may affect the service life of the entire mechanism. This, of course, reduces the cost of the refrigerator, but the quality may suffer from lower prices. Yes, and the consumption society, where material benefits are cultivated, dictates their conditions to us. Not everyone household appliance Lives to the "deserved holiday" for the simple reason that many are used to changing their technical "toys": it is the "washer", the iron or refrigerator to acquire a new shipment, as he immediately penshes the predecessor. And advertising this approach encourages and calls on every step: "Flip! Hurry! Buy! "
Strokes to the problem
What is a warranty period, everyone knows. By the way, according to statistics, the overwhelming majority of goods are successful and without complaints from the buyer, it works. Of course, there are exceptions in the form of a factory marriage or other initially hidden flaws. It is in such cases that this warranty and protects us from low-quality products. It is much more difficult about the concept of "service life". Speaking simple languageThe manufacturer during this time should provide you with the opportunity to use the goods. What does it mean? If in the instruction manual, let's say, the refrigerator is indicated that it must be faithful to serve 10 years, then all this period you must provide the possibility of repair: exactly so much since the release of the last refrigerator this model will store or make spare parts spare parts kits.Of course, the stated service life may not match the real: your electric kettle It may not reach it or, on the contrary, to recycle significantly. If the technique failed a much earlier time to her, nothing remains, how to eliminate breakdown at your own expense. But is it necessary to send another working device to the landfill, which for papers exceeded your service life? Here should be guided by common sense.
Of course, the service life directly depends on the proper operation of the device. In most cases, the equipment works much longer than it is stated in the instructions, if you apply to it properly. In Soviet times, the service life is strictly regulated: the refrigerators were to work for 15 years, gas plates - 20, electric stoves - 16.5. The concept of "service life" has been enshrined by law, but for the most part it is measured by the manufacturers themselves after various tests and research. Maybe it is worth returning to the practice of past times and clearly designate the lifetime for each instrument? Denis Savich believes that from a technical point of view, this will be a weakly related solution:
- the stated service life is more economic characteristic, not technical, as it allows you to calculate the approximate life of the product before replacement. The manufacturer, defining the service life, proceeds from its conditions, and the real operating conditions of the consumer can be different. For example, someone has a refrigerator at the cottage and turns on just a couple of weeks, and someone has all the time working in the apartment. The washing machine, TV, microwave, electric kettle can only be used several times in a week, and can - without a break in some institution. What device will fail before? One manufacturer uses cheaper materials and components, the service life of its household appliances will be less, but also the price is lower. And the other chooses high-quality and expensive components. The buyer itself is determined with the category of goods. Therefore, it will be wrong to establish a single service life for everyone: it will affect both competition and price, and the possibility of choosing household appliances. But the manufacturer should indicate the service life to inform the consumer.
It is worth listening to manufacturers, because such numbers in the operating instructions appear not just like this: the outdated technique can cause a fire. For example, the service life is very strictly regulated. gas plates: 10 years. During this time, the manufacturer will still produce spare parts for your model. However, the period can be officially extended if the stove works well: the gas service staff will hold the necessary diagnosis. But after 20 years, even if it is timely diagnostic and a good condition, the slab will still have to be replaced.
Help "Sat"
How long can the household appliances can
Refrigerator - 7 - 10 years.Washing machine - 7 - 8 years old.
Vacuum cleaner - 3 - 7 years.
Microwave - 7 years.
Dishwasher - 5 years.
Teapots, hair dryers, small household appliances - 3 years, professional - 5 - 7 years.
The service life of the device is a period of time during which the manufacturer undertakes to provide the consumer with the ability to use the appointment device and is responsible for significant disadvantages that may occur in the device.
During the service life of the device, the consumer has full right to:
- the ability to use the device;
- repair and appropriate device maintenance;
- the presentation of the requirements for free elimination of significant deficiencies in the device, even if the warranty period has ended;
- compensation of harm generated due to the device.
If the service life is not installed
If the device life is not set, the manufacturer is obliged to provide the above consumer rights for 10 years. Thus, as a rule, the manufacturer is more profitable to determine the service life than not to install it.
How to find out the life of the device
The service life of the goods is established by the manufacturer, while the manufacturer (the Contractor, Seller) is obliged to provide the consumer in a timely manner with the necessary and reliable information regarding the instrument, which must necessarily contain information about the service life of the device.
When the manufacturer must establish service life
the manufacturer is obliged to establish the service life of a long-term product, including components (parts, nodes, units), which, after a certain period, can:
- present a danger to life, consumer health,
- cause harm to his property or environment.
List of long-term goods, including components (parts, nodes, units), which, after a certain period, may be dangerous to life, consumer health, cause harm to its property or the environment contains in the government approved by the Government Russian Federation.
When the manufacturer is not obliged to establish life
In all other cases, the establishment of the service life is the right of the manufacturer, i.e. It may not set the service life.
calculation of the service life of the device
Service life can be calculated by time units, as well as other units of measurement - caromethers, meters, etc. based on functional purpose goods.
The service life of the device begins to flow from the moment the device is transferred to the consumer, if the contract is not provided otherwise.
It takes less than ten minutes after switching on, and a laptop that has recently turned three years hangs. His owner notices that the cooling system fan does not work, and brings the computer to the service center for diagnostics.
It turns out that the cooler of the processor blows from the inside through a too narrow grille of the radiator, at which thick layers of dust accumulate over time, which leads to blocking the fan blades and subsequently - the CPU overheating.
In addition, the service center engineer sees that the screws that are attached to the display hinge body, on the one hand are doried due to the frequent opening of the laptop.
Cooling system. This cooler of the laptop, access to which is very difficult, blows the air through a narrow output grille, so with daily loads the fan is quickly clogged with dust, because of what the CPU overheat is overheating sooner or later.
Repair price in a computer workshop may exceed the residual cost of the device, which means that its owner may have been more profitable to just buy a new laptop. But if the manufacturer was used in the cooling system a different grille of the radiator and would not make the hinge covers too tight, the laptop would simply continue to work normally for a long time.
Wear or intent?
Cases like this had to survive many owners of various electronic devices. And if the defect is detected immediately after the end of the warranty period, the suspicion immediately arises that the manufacturer deliberately introduced weak links into the design, which reduce the time of the equipment service and force users to buy new devices.
However, this idea is easy to formulate, but justified to prove it difficult. After all, all devices are susceptible to wear: displays lose their brightness, batteries - container, and flashing cells in solid-state drives withstand only a certain number of recording cycles.
Measured wear. In the CHIP test laboratory, we found out that the decrease in the brightness of the LCD displays modern televisions or monitors after two years of work is up to 45%. Similar symptoms of "aging" We observed in the Chip test laboratory, producing repeated measurements on the devices that have already tested after they have worked for several years.
To take into account the reasons and frequency of failures of certain models, you need a huge database. One way or another, but the creation of "eternal" techniques is unprofitable for any manufacturer. It would increase the cost of development, testing, materials and production.
And the sales level would decrease, since users would grow more and more frequently. Each manufacturer who wants to remain a competitive market participant is forced at the stage of developing its products to strive to ensure that its devices look quite attractively and expensive, but at the same time, they wanted users sooner or later or had to acquire new ones.
In addition, buyers wish the functions more and more, and the dimensions of the devices are less (smartphones, on the contrary, become larger). This is facilitated by companies with their short cycles of developing new models and aggressive advertising. The design and large set of unnecessary functions in marketing is often valued higher than quality and long service life.
What reduces service life
Vendors can affect the service life of the machine different ways. Thus, the manufacturer makes long-lived and easily repaired devices, but at the same time regularly produces more productive and functional new models. As a result, the old device is still working flawlessly, and the buyer already wants to get a new one.
Planned aging. Electrolytic capacitors are especially sensitive to heat, but despite this, they are often installed in places with an increased temperature regime. This strategy should be expected primarily in the production of products intended for professionals, or premium devices, although there are no guarantees that such an equipment will truly last long.
Another version of this strategy use mobile devices manufacturers that are constantly updating software. With each improvement increase system requirements, and quite good old gadgets over time begin to function, everything is more slowly up to complete unsuitability.
It is unlikely that someone from users agree to work without updates, on which the safety of the device and personal information. Apple's mobile gadgets such an effect is observed approximately three years. Cheap smartphones based on Android, on the contrary, often get updates rarely. In this case, the device continues to work normally, but its safety is steadily reduced.
Replacing the iPad battery. At the iPad tablet from Apple, the corpus is so hard that not every professional can open it as a result inexpensive repair impossible The next way of a fair reduction in the service life of devices is as follows: the components most susceptible to wear are installed so that they cannot be replaced. The simplest example - batteries, access to which is either impossible, or can be obtained only with the help of special tools.
However, such models like Samsung Galaxy S III and S4 or BlackBerry Z10, prove that "flat" and "easily replaceable" are not mutually exclusive concepts for batteries.
Unfortunate due to updates. From February 1, 2014 apple company I demanded from the developers of applications mandatory support iOS 7. Any programs that have been created by older versions of Xcode, will not be accepted in the App Store. Torsho built-in details subject to wear, is, of course, bad, but also worse than a new engineering trick: in the most problem places Installed components with an insufficient work resource, which after
Delled time fail.
An example is a laptop already mentioned at the beginning with a cooler and too weak fastenings of the display hinges. There are monitors, in which condensers are placed in particularly hot power supplies, so the electrolyte later a short time (which can be measured accurately) evaporates.
The printer fails by plan The printheads of modern printers often embed the counters, which, after printing a certain number of pages, give messages about non-existent errors.
Often, manufacturers make the mechanics of the inclusion buttons so weak that they still cease to be pressed at all. A classic example of the application of this method to which many messages on the Internet forum is devoted is inkjet printers Canon.
After printing some number of pages, they stop working and give an error message: the power button is defective. It is enough to reset the internal counter in the secret service menu, and such a device, as a rule, continues to work on without any problems.
Small malfunctions
Technique, prematurely failing, not only grieves the owners. Additional costs of production, transportation and recycling lay down heavy load on people producing this product, our resources and the environment.
Thus, the German economist Professor Christian Kreiss in his study "Planned aging" came to the conclusion that in Europe the planned aging of technology is the reason for the appearance of 2.6% of all waste (and these are millions of tons per year) and 7% of all energy consumption in private households.
If there were no planned wear, a professor approves, only in Europe it would be possible to close five of the seventeen plants for waste disposal.
The one who thinks is that artificially underestimated product validity is activated by the economy, is mistaken.
If the products that quickly come into disrepair are embedded, human labor and diligence are embedded, this is an irresponsible waste of resources, which, from the point of view of society, harms to all of us, giving benefits only very few. If it was possible to legally prohibit the planned premature aging of technology, the productive forces and purchasing power would be freed that could be used to enhance the life standards.
Repair of equipment
The fight against the planned aging of technology at the level of the whole society is necessary, but from ordinary buyers here does not depend here. If one of your devices suspiciously failed, it should be started to search for descriptions of the problem on the Internet.
Independent attempt to repair cheap or old technique It may also be interesting and instructive. Sometimes you can find the advice, as yourself and free to return the equipment to life. If the guarantee is still valid, consider what you are lucky.
In the case when the warranty period ran out, it is worth a pretty though before carrying the device to the service center. The main interest and manufacturers, and sellers - sell you new techniqueand not repair old. This is visible on high rates for service and repair work.
Before sending, check which expenses are expected to be, even if the gadget is returned to you without repair or recycled. Appeal to an independent workshop promises less hassle. If you, for example, will find on the motherboard of the laptop or PC burst the electrolyte capacitor, the employee of the service center is likely to help you.
But in many cases, aging is planned so carefully that even in an independent workshop, the repair will be too expensive due to its labor intensity.
When buying a new device, it is always difficult to "on the eye" to determine the possible service life and the complexity of the repair.
Kyle Vince, the founder of the IFIXIT.com repair service in his interview with the CBC radio station explains how it evaluates a new technique: "I just think: how can this be disassembled?"
If the housing closes with screws, and the battery can be removed without referring to the workshop, it is already not bad.
If not, it is worth searching for other mechanical locks. When they are missing, everything indicates that the body is stuck, and it can seriously make future repairs.
Before you carefully examine the device, you can get information about the possibility of its repair, for example, on YouTube. Those who are especially important for the term of work should take into account the fact that business devices or for professionals are more likely to be stronger, it is easier to be repaired and the spare parts are supplied longer than products for the mass consumer.
The reason is that manufacturers like this technique have to perform the terms of long-term contracts with large trading companies. That is why instead of a "trimmed" design laptop with a super-fast processor and powerful graphic system It is better to choose a nonsense, but a reliable business model.
Such a computer gives the user more hope that he does not have to spend time and nerves due to a faulty fan or broken joints.
Measured wear
Chip engineers made repeated measurements on old devices that once become the winners of our tests and worked for several years, and determined their degree of wear.
LG IP S225V. Reduced contrast
The LG IP S225V monitor with LED illumination stood intensive two-year work in office conditions is almost without loss - only contrast has decreased slightly.
This device can last for a long time, if mechanics and electronics will allow (network block).
However, food is not the most reliable knot at monitors.
Apple iPad of the first generation. Small memory
Modern applications often cannot work normally on the first iPad - too small memory (256 MB), and the operating system remained in version 5.1.
Our test device was intensively used only in 2010, then not so often. This explains the fact that the battery capacity decreased only slightly.
The display darkened a bit too - only 4%. Unlike newer models, the first iPad case opens without a thermal gun, and the battery is removed freely. Despite the long-lived and convenient to repair Iron, this gadget today is already outdated - first of all, due to insufficient memory, which cannot be increased.
Google Nexus 7. Working hours
Time autonomous work from the battery at Google Nexus 7, which is used very intensively intensively, decreased by 10% compared to the results of our previous measurements, but still is on high level: 8 hours 33 minutes. The display brightness has decreased slightly.
In this case, the contrast due to the fact that the dark areas have become even darker, it became higher by 10%. The Nexus 7 case easily opens with a nail or screwdriver.
Unlike new iPad tablets, the battery is fixed here without using glue, and it can be easily replaced.
It just does not please the fact that the cracked glass coating is replaced only with the display. It is expensive, but such a decision is justified because it prevents dust from entering the glass.
Philips 42PFL9900D. Suffering brightness
PHILIPS 42-inch LCD TV worked normally in the Chip Foyer daily from 10 to 18 hours for four years.
However, the maximum brightness of this display, as usually highlighted by fluorescent elements, has decreased by almost a quarter - 23%.
The possibilities of repairing this TV today are already limited - primarily the inaccessibility of spare parts. The fact is that due to the short cycles of the production of televisions, the presence of spare parts is usually limited to two years.
The test results carried out by us in 2008 cannot be able to compare with indicators actual solutions From Philips, since since then, the development and production of the company's technology has completely passed to the Taiwanese TPV concern.
SAMSUNG GALAXY NEXUS. Weak place - screen
The screen of this smartphone, made according to AMOLED technology, demonstrates excellent color reproduction and is characterized by high contrast.
However, the brightness that was quite modest, during the regular use of this device, was pretty pretty: the screen became darker by 40%.
Today's 177 cd / m2 for comfortable work when daylight already objectively lacking. The battery is also not very good for a long intensive work - this is probably due to the update of Android OS to version 4.3.
At the same time, the upgrade software Definitely positively affected productivity. In Vellamo's browser benchmark, using JavaScript, our Galaxy Nexus is now picking almost one and a half times more points than before.
Apple iPhone 4. reduced brightness
Our iPhone 4 was first used very often, then - much less often. This explains a slight reduction in battery life, which was only two percent.
The display, despite the very moderate load, is worn out much stronger: it darkened by almost 17%.
The possibilities of repairing iPhone 4 also leave much to be desired. Replace the battery is easy, but in order to disassemble the iPhone case, a special five-radical screwdriver is needed (Pentalobe). The front glass is replaced only with the display.
OCZ VERTEX 3. Slow recording
On our semi-trigteen solid-state drive OCZ VERTEX 3 after two years of intensive work on the test booth, performance has significantly decreased:
the data recording speed has decreased by almost 40%, as well as the number of I / O operations per second.
Moreover, this is true both for compressible and incompressible data. Updating firmware before recent versions It does not help here, because the reason is
In the wear of the memory cells.
EPSON EH-TW6000W. Wear lamp
Epson projector for one and a half years worked in an ordinary conference room with long presentations.
As it should be expected, the brightness of the lamp decreased (the decrease was 25%).
Unlike LCD displays, it leads to almost the same contrast loss.
After replacing the lamp, the results again became the same as during the first testing. but original lamp It is one fifth from the price of a new device.
PHOTO: manufacturers; Sony Pictures Release
We will remember the former glory of those enterprises and the quality of their products for a long time, especially when the task of eliminating the shortage of household appliances was to eliminate the shortage of household appliances, therefore the caraighters "Zila" in the kitchens for 25 years. And now the main goal of the manufacturer - make it new thing. Someone reaches this attractive external species Goods, someone with new features, well, and someone goes on a simple way - orders things for a long time. Is it possible? Very much!
The year of work for microwaves, steamer and heaters, two or three years for refrigerators, televisions, air conditioners and washing machines - such a standard period of smooth life of the instruments specified in the warranty coupons. Specialists in repair of household appliances claims the brain of automatic styrels burns out even the brand models, and the repair is very expensive.
In the Inspectorate for the Protection of Consumer Rights, more and more often appeal. From people come complaints about poor-quality equipment, and most of all complaints are on mobile phones. The central boards of mobile phones, as if specifically, make fragile and practically disposable. Most often owners mobile phones Prefer instead of repairs to buy a new phone.
Short service life of household appliances
After tracking this cycle of the goods in nature, the American journalist spent ten years and found out 95 percent of all the volume of products produced we throw out on the landfill in a tet of months only because it is beneficial to manufacturers. "Their two most successful strategies: planned obsolescence and forced obsolescence. A short service life is another name for goods designed to landfill. These are the laws of the dominant growth model in the economy - the goods need a turn.
The concept of "growth economy" was ignored only in the USSR and the GDR. There was a coupling course, and not for production for the sake of production. Therefore, the goods created in the Union and Democratic Germany have even survived these countries themselves. Only by Soviet or Geada technique, there are knowledgeable people who purchased it now in flea markets now. From the old TV to the electrifuncher - everything is superior to the quality of the current analogues.
The manufacturer is unprofitable so that the technique worked for a long time!
Replacing materials for cheaper and short-lived becomes a problem. Now the manufacturer is unprofitable, from which we conclude: the vast majority of household appliances manufacturers are deliberately laid in their products short term Services with the aim of continuously updated them by the consumer and then receiving profit by the company. By the way, some of them honestly warn you about the small shelf life of their products in the instructions on exploitation. In some cases, people turn to local craftsmen who, thanks to their developments, are able to breathe life into a broken technique.
Pay attention to the service life of household appliances
Even as an option, it is believed that the planned aging can be if not to win, then at least to overcome. Through court. The warranty period indicates the minimum period during which the goods can be used. However, by its expiration, it is worth paying attention to the Count "Lower life" - usually it exceeds the warranty period for several years. If we do not break the rules of operation, and our TV still broke four years after the purchase, we are entitled to replace the device from the manufacturer.
Do not respect yourself?
Those who do not like and do not want to communicate with the courts, it is quite likely due to the breakdown of household appliances, will suit the idea to buy a new one, while comforting themselves that there is also a fashion for the technique, and it is better to buy a model Ponuhee. By the way, regular advertising companies repulse us are pushing regularly to the word, who urged us that to use old devices to help themselves.
Change every 5 years everyday technique can afford everything?
And yet every five years updated electronic filling Houses can afford not every family budget. In Europe, where, at the first breakdown, the technique can be thrown into the garbage, salaries are several times higher than Russian. For domestic consumer washer For 400 dollars - already a significant waste. Therefore, people do everything possible to get minimal guarantees for the same money that the technique will serve at least ten years. In the hope of protecting yourself from further breakdowns of household appliances, many people carefully study the market offered products, references famous brands. According to specialists of the household goods market, the production of leading brands is quite comparable in quality and, in essence, much different from each other.
One of the reasons for frequent repair of household appliances
This is objective. And subjectively, another cause of frequent repair of household appliances is the elementary illiteracy of consumers in matters of operation of this technique itself. Therefore, it is not too superfluous to recall that the user instructions contain important information that helps to use all the possibilities of your technology and use it long enough. In addition to the rules for connecting and installing household appliances, the instruction still contains a mass useful information On the appropriate care of household appliances, ignore which means to consciously reduce its service life.
Car enthusiasts and car owners also often concerns the question of how to repair their best friend. On this topic a lot professional recommendations You will find on the site