Asphalt is a sufficiently strong and reliable road surface, but it can serve much longer than you think if you perform simple actions. They will save the asphalt in integrity, prevent cracks and failures, reduce the cost of recovery and future repair of the road.
Immediately after the repair of the road in the yard was produced, it is recommended to refrain a few days from riding on it by bike and especially other vehicles. Car enthusiasts who are accustomed to leave their cars near the entrances in the territories of the HOA should understand that they depend on their vigilance, as soon as it is necessary to collect funds for new repairs, because it is from the load from cars a strong weakening and destruction of asphalt occurs. Experts advise at least three days not to ride the yard on a bike and a motorcycle after laying asphalt and not to travel for a car. Such a period of "rest" for asphalt is very useful. He will be able to harden as much as possible only six months after laying. But since for such a period, it will not be possible to limit the movement of vehicles in the courtyard area, then at least the first three days need to give asphalt to stand without load. This will allow to extend the term of his "life".
If the movement of heavy transport is excluded cannot be eliminated, for example, the daily fare of the garbage machine, then thick plywood sheets can be paved on the asphalt.
In order to maximize the service life of the new asphalt coating, you can monitor its condition, protecting from weather impacts. For example, with strong shoes and absence of properly equipped drains, you can enjoy the elimination of pudders using ordinary brooms. The tenants of the HOA from each entrance could do such work around each entrance, as a result of which the yard will be put in order quickly, and the asphalt will not be damaged under water influence. In winter, of course, the necessary and useful measure that allows you to extend the asphalt "Life", is the cleaning of snow.
Snowmakers today are not in great demand for clearing yards. Yes, and new legislation prohibits the removal of snow over the city's dam in connection with the harm to the ecology in this way. Therefore, new fixtures have entered the fashion, allowing you to quickly and effectively fight with snowdrifts on the surface of asphalt: snow splawers. These are mobile and very convenient installations, the operation of which provides the heating element inside and the cutting capacity. The device moves with the chassis, and it can work from an electrical network, on diesel fuel or on hot water. Such snowfavor structures are unusually convenient for use in small courtyards, alleys, where large equipment cannot be used. HOA can carry out a general meeting on which owners may decide on the acquisition of such an installation. This decision must be accepted only in the presence of all owners of the HOA. Thus, the durability of asphalt can be significantly extended and protected from destruction, which are formed as a result of snow melting in spring and winter with strong temperature differences.
Another advice is addressed to motorists: do not place in the courtyard, which is asked for a few days ago, cars in the same place. It is necessary to take advantage of either specially equipped parking near the house, or if there is no such possibility, put the car in different places, and not at the same thing.
It is advisable to closely follow the appearance on the roads of the slightest cracks and pits. They can get spent fuel, gasoline, butter from cars. These are aggressive compositions that can increase the pit in size. Therefore, small pits are better to immediately close up with girlfriend or asphalt crumb. It is not expensive and will allow to extend asphalt life.
Today, many road construction companies use special sealing compositions. With their help, surfaces with asphalt coating are processed, which become immune to moisture. Such sealants are not applied immediately after laying a new asphalt or its repair. It is necessary to wait one or two winter season, and then apply the sealing agent. Only one year later, the asphalt is extremely compacted and no means inside its layer can no longer be able, including the sealant, which should remain on the surface of the asphalt, and not penetrate it and destroy.
Thus, the owners of housing have the opportunity to make their asphalt durable and maintain it in excellent condition by attaching only a little effort.
Asphalt concrete coating: General information
The first asphalt concrete covers were built in Babylon for 600 years before our era. The construction of coatings with the use of bitumen resumed only in the XIX century in Western Europe, and then in the United States. The first part of the asphalt concrete coating in Russia was built on the Volokolamsk highway in 1928.
The asphalt concrete coating has a number of positive properties and high transport and operational indicators: slow wear under the action of heavy vehicles; relatively high strength and resistance to the effects of climatic factors and water; hygienicity (not dust and easily cleaned from dust and dirt); Easy to repair and enhance the coating.
The asphalt concrete coating is placed on roads with a longitudinal bias of up to 60 pp. Transverse bias are prescribed within 15-20 pp.
The design of road clothing with asphalt concrete coatings is continuously changed due to the fact that the transport loads and the intensity of the motion are constantly increasing. Another 20-30 years ago, two-layer asphalt concrete coatings with a thickness of 10-12 cm on a rubbed base of 18-25 cm applied on high categories roads. Now such structures are suitable only for roads of the lower (IV and V) categories, and on the roads II and I categories of construction have become more powerful, at the base, the skinny (dotted) concrete is increasingly thick, and the total thickness of the asphalt laid is equal to 18-25 cm.
The timing of asphalt concrete coatings depend not only on the quality of the asphalt concrete, but also on the design of road clothing. The same asphalt concrete coating works in different ways on various bases. Thus, in asphalt concrete coatings, laid on the base of the monolithic cement concrete, crack appear due to the thermophysical incompatibility of the coating materials and the base, i.e., the seams and cracks in cement concrete bases are repeated in asphalt concrete coatings.
Ground bases are deprived of this disadvantage, however, they are subject to uneven shrinkages due to the mutual movement of rubble grains under the influence of multiple exposure to transport loads.
With regard to the selected road clothing design, you must select the type of asphalt concrete mixture. Coatings from asphalt concrete mixtures should be arranged in dry weather. Asphalt laying (asphalt) should be made at ambient air temperature not lower than + 5 ° C. The laying of asphalt (asphalting) can be carried out as a mechanized manner, with the help of an asphalt paver, and manually.
Sweeping and restoring roads to country villages and garage cooperatives, roads with an unexpected movement, asphalt road crumbs to be a progressive way to restore roads. Due to low cost and higher resistance to destruction than rubble, sand. The asphalt road crumb has a higher density, is saturated with a bitumen that serves an additional binder link and a sealing element, which allows the road to serve significantly longer.
The best material for sinking roads inside the country villages and garage societies is an asphalt crumb. The advantage of asphalt crumb is that it stacked much more dense than sand and rubble. Crumbling from asphalt after suprokes, powered by car wheels to such an extent that becomes like asphalt. The road dumping with asphalt crumb is more resistant to blurring and other destruction under water influence. The bitumen is present in the crumb, serves as an additional binder and sealing element, which allows the road to stop significantly longer than the road is dumped from sand and rubble.
Skeeping and recovery technology, dirt roads:
Before laying asphalt crumb, spelling, with an automatic drive, knocking up the road irregularities, profiling the base, achieving the necessary evenness. After a smooth base layer is reached, the road crumb will produce along the road, discharges. To achieve the solidity of the coating of the same layer thickness. At the final stage, a seal is made using a road roller, thereby achieving high density and resistance to erosion and other destruction under the influence of water.
After the road roller compressed the coating a new road ready for operation.
Before the base device, it is necessary to install onboard stones and curb. The bases for the asphalt concrete coatings of sidewalks are arranged from rubble, slag, brick battle, as well as other waste obtained from disassembling buildings and structures. As a material for the base, the crushed old asphalt concrete (asphalt crumb) is also used. The base thickness is usually prescribed 10-15 cm depending on the properties of the underlying soils. The base material is resurrected by the layer of the required thickness and then seal with rollers with rims of stone or slag trivia for slurry and collapses.
The thickness of the asphalt concrete coating is usually taken 3-4 cm. On entry into the quarters and into the courtyards, the thickness of the asphalt layer is raised to 5 cm or more. Sand or fine-grained asphalt mixes are used for the coatings of the sidewalks. For compaction of asphalt concrete, vibratinglitis or small-class rollers are used.
Asphalting sports ground
font-Size: 12.0PT; font-face: "Times New Roman\u003e Asphalt base are built for a special sports coating on tennis courts, volleyball, basketball and other sports grounds. The device of such a base includes a complex of work:
- Earthworks (training "trough"). The excavation and removal of the soil on the necessary height, as a rule, to the height of the rubble base. Layout, smoking soil inside the trough; Installation of onboard stones, clebbars and drainage systems around the perimeter of the site; The sand base device is 10-20 cm thick, if the ground contains clay; The device of a rubber base with a thickness of 15-18 cm. Of the rubble fractions of 40x70 and 20x40. You can apply, instead of rubble FR. 40x70, black crushed stone, and on the top layer - a small asphalt crumb. It is desirable to increase the reliability of the rubble base, perform an additional exfoliation by the screening. Installing mortgage parts for racks; The upper layer is performed from a fine-grained asphalt concrete mixture of type "G", a total thickness of 8 cm. The asphalt is placed in two layers of 4 cm. To remove the water from the surface of the court, the base is to set the slope of 0.5 - 1 to the short side; Due to the specifics of the asphalt laying technology, it is impossible to achieve the ideal evenness of the foundation. Therefore, before laying sports coverage, it is necessary to align the base with special mixtures.
Laying in mound and soil seal are performed during planning work, erection of various embankments, backfilling of trenches, sizes of foundations, etc. The seal is made in order to increase the carrying capacity of the soil, reduce its compressibility and reducing the water permeability. The seal may be superficial and deep. In both cases, it is carried out by mechanisms.
There is a sealing of soils with a rain, rubbing and vibration. The most preferred combined seal method, which consists in simultaneously transmitting to the soil of various influences (for example, vibrating and pumping), or combining seals with another workflow (for example, a radiot and movement of vehicles, etc.).
To ensure a uniform seal, the sluggled soil is spilled by bulldozers or other machines. The greatest seal of the soil with the smallest wage is achieved with a certain optimal moisture for this soil. Therefore, dry soils should be moisturized, and the moistened is to dry.
The soil seal seals (invoking), the dimensions of which should provide a sufficient front of the work. An increase in the front of the work can lead to a drying of the soil prepared for the seal in hot weather or, on the contrary, to the mooring in the rainy.
The most difficult is the sealing of the soil during the backfill of the sinuses or trenches, since work is carried out in cramped conditions. In order to avoid damage to the foundations or pipelines adjacent to them, the width of 0.8 m is condensed with vibratinglitis, pneumatic and electric traaming with layers with a thickness of 0.15 ... 0.25 m. More productive methods, such as self-moving vibrating plates and others, are used Sealing backfill under the floors.
The penetration of the soothsums are made with a slight overlap in order to avoid passes of non-relaxed soil. The number of penetrations at one place and the layer thickness are set depending on the type of soil and type of the grunted machine or are installed by the experimental path (usually 6 ... 8 penetrations).
The embankment to which the high demands on the density of the soil can be sealing vehicles during the sweeping of the soil. The scheme of work is compiled so that loaded transport moves along the dumping layer of the soil.
In contrast to conventional concrete, cement-crushed stone mixtures contain significantly less cement and can be compacted by static influence of self-propelled rollers with smooth rollers. The base of skinny concrete is arranged according to the technological layer of a compacted rubble, cement load or a sandy-gravel mixture with a thickness of 10-15 cm. On the basis of the skinny concrete on highways with heavy transport movement, a two-layer asphalt concrete coating of a total thickness of 8-12 cm, on the rest of the roads and The roads along the layer of skin concrete lay a single-layer asphalt concrete coating with a thickness of at least 10 cm. Putting a skinny concrete into the base of a concrete-container, a crushed stage or with the help of small mechanization. The mixture is distributed to a layer to 20 cm and immediately seal first with light, and then heavy rollers until the end of the traces of the header is completely disappeared.
The device of the asphalt concrete coating can be performed after its seal or after 2-3 days. In the latter case, the base surface should be treated with a bitumen emulsion in two layers. The total consumption of emulsion is 0.7 kg per 1 m2 base. The base device from skinny concrete significantly reduces labor costs, as well as the timing of starting asphalt plating. In the bases of skinny concrete, temperature transverse seams are arranged. The distance between them takes from 20 to 40 m, depending on the air temperature when laying the concrete mixture, the brand of skinny concrete and the type of asphalt concrete coating. The seams are cut by special slicers or suitable with a bookmark in the base of spruce or pine boards.
Asphalt reinforcement as a way to increase its durability
The question of the road coating is not idle, since the bulk of roads and streets are covered with asphalt concrete, and its often deplorable state and fast, for several years, the destruction of everyone who moves on its or municipal wheels.
The quality of asphalt and the service life of the asphalt concrete depends on both the quality of the base, to which it is laid and on the properties inherent in the nature of the asphalt concrete coating.
Asphalt concrete coatings with good resistance to short-term loads have low tensile strength during bending and insufficient distribution capacity with a multiple load application. Therefore, fatigue and reflected cracks arising in the process of operation of the asphalt concrete coating, developing intensively, lead to its premature destruction.
For a long time all over the world, the service life of the asphalt concrete coating is raised by its reinforcement by geography. Today, there are geography from fiberglass, polyester, from basalt fibers and a number of others.
According to the results of numerous laboratory research and exploitation, the following requirements are presented to reinforcing geogors:
- the elastic module of the reinforcing material must be larger than the elastic modulus of asphalt concrete in order to perceive the tensile efforts in the same way as it occurs in reinforced concrete; the grip between the asphalt and the reinforcing material should be very good in order to distribute the tensile stresses in the reinforcement material into adjacent areas of the asphalt concrete coating. At the same time, two important factors affect the strength of this clutch should be taken into account: the difference between the coefficients of the temperature expansion of the asphalt concrete and the reinforcing material should be as little as possible, since the secondary local voltages occur during the temperature drops, which may exceed the limit values, and the system will stop working as a single integer. An example is the excellent behavior of the reinforced concrete, where steel and concrete have the same temperature expansion coefficients; the elastic modulus of the reinforcement material should not be several orders of magnitude to the elastic modulus of the asphalt concrete. This is due to the fact that, being a elastic-plastic material, the asphalt concrete under the transport (dynamic) load is carried out as elastic material, perceives the stresses and redesters the load on the large area of \u200b\u200bthe underlying layers together with the reinforcing material. If you apply too hard reinforcement, the main part of the tensile stress will be revised by it. These stresses should be transmitted to the layers of the asphalt through the clutch forces and it would be necessary for a very large area of \u200b\u200bsealing reinforcement into the asphalt, so that the stresses did not exceed the coating forces of the reinforcement with asphalt.
Characteristics of some materials and finished products |
|
Name | Module of elasticity, N / mm2 |
Asphalt | 1000 – 7000 |
Concrete | 20000 – 40000 |
Steel | 200000 – 210000 |
Fiberglass | 69000 |
Polyester fiber | 12000 – 18000 |
Polyester Hattelite Site | 7300 |
Strands of geography from basalt | 35000 |
Analyzing the data set out above, you can understand why materials such as glass, steel or basalt work in a pair with asphalt concrete worse than polyester.
The difference between modules of the elasticity of fiberglass, steel, basalt, on the one hand, and asphalt concrete - on the other, cause problems with clutch strength between them. The reinforcement of the materials mentioned would be possible if the reinforcing material extended to the entire width of the carriageway and there would be sufficient consolidation in its edges. Otherwise, reinforcement will be simply pulled out of the asphalt concrete.
There are examples of the use of fiberglass for the reinforcement of the asphalt concrete with an insufficient length of the grid seal in the asphalt concrete. The permissible clutch forces between the grid and asphalt concrete are exceeded, there is a bundle between the grid and asphalt concrete, and the relative movements between the mesh and asphalt, which lead to the complete destruction of glass fibers appear under the influence of dynamic transport loads. It was clarified when taking cores when only a white powder remained from the fiberglass after several years of operation.
The material of the reinforcement should not influence the dynamic loads from moving vehicles, otherwise reinforcement will work badly in the contract. Studies have shown that the foxes are poorly tolerated dynamic loads. The discontinuous force of tested foxes fell to 20-30% of the initial value after 1000 loading cycles, and none of them sustained 5000 loading cycles, while Hatelite successfully stood 6000 cycles.
Research of the reinforcing mesh made of fiberglass showed disappointing results under various conditions. On two different fears of roads, the behavior of asphalt concrete, reinforced with glassworks, and unarmed, for four years.
On the first plot, the coating, reinforced with a glasswork, had much more cracks on the carriageway than the unarmed.
In the second plot, the final inspection showed the absence of cracks in the transition zone of both reinforced and unarmed coating. At the same time, the firmware did not prevent the appearance of cracks in the crossing zone with the old railway tracks.
Thus, based on the results of the research, it is not recommended to use the firmware as a cracking reinforcement.
The most serious approach to the choice of the reinforcement of asphalt concrete coatings should be exercised by building up the runways of airfields with asphalt concrete coating. After all, potholes in the asphalt on the roadway force drivers to reduce speed and only sometimes lead to damage to the car suspension. The violation of the asphalt concrete integrity on the runway is a direct path to a catastrophe with human victims.
The most optimal choice for the reinforcement of the asphalt concrete compared to the fiberglass is the reinforcing grid of the type of hatelite. This type of grid has sufficiently high technical and economic indicators:
- a significant decrease in the thickness of the asphalt concrete; increase its crack resistance 3 times or more; increase the coating resource and reduced operational costs for its content.
The use of fiberglass reinforcing meshes did not give a positive effect due to their low physico-mechanical characteristics and inability to effectively impede the development of cracks in the asphalt concrete.
Despite the fact that new types of fiberglass reinforcing grids are constantly being developed, their effectiveness and adherence remains significantly lower than that of hatelite type polyester grids.
The most efficient geogors are the grids of Hatelte C in the following indicators:
- the reinforcing threads of the grids are made of polyester and compared to fiberglass threads are well perceived not only voltages in the horizontal plane, but also voltage from multiple vertical loads. The threads made of polyester are resistant to the effects of vertical stresses and deformations. The filaments made of glass do not perceive vertical deformations and voltages; already in the factory conditions, the grid is processed by bitumen, which provides good adhesion with asphalt concrete; it is a composite material. In addition to the reinforcing threads of the grid, they have a geotextile basis, which provides when laying the design position of the grid without additional operations; the dimensions of the cell reinforcing meshes can be equal to the double size of the largest rubble fraction. For fine-grained asphalt concrete, the optimal size of the 40x40 mm mesh cell.
It should also be noted that with the dynamic tests of the bending samples at maximum values \u200b\u200bof tensile stresses of 10 MPa, the number of cycles before the sample in a sample with a hatelite from 13 times higher than that of the sample with a basalt grid. With a threefold passage of the sealing roller, the basalt mesh lost almost 50% of the strength (Hatelite C - 10%), and at 5 passages - 60% (Hatelite C - 13%). Thus, the trend is obvious the loss of basalt nets of its strength, reduce the ability to deform and destruction with an increase in the number of seal cycles or simply passages of heavy vehicles during road works. For comparison, hatelite with the coefficient of mechanical damage even with a 5-fold compaction remained within the limits of allowed - did not exceed 1.15.
Studies on progressability have shown that for core with a hatelite C it is 34 kN / m (due to good bitumen impregnation, melting and sealing of nonwoven material applied to the grid), and for a core with a basalt mesh, shifting resistance was 6 kN / m with a minimum allowable value 15 kN / m.
In addition, the consumption of 70% of the bitumen emulsion when laying the Hatelte C mesh is 0.3-0.5 l / m. square, and when laying a grid from basalt - 1.0-1.2 l / m. sq.
At the end it is required to note that the Hatelite geologist is certified in Russia and Ukraine. In addition, in Ukraine there is a "technological regulation of the use of the Hatelit 40/17 C mesh for the reinforcement of asphalt concrete."
Road reinforcement: | Geologist Hatelte with Rolls: |
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Geologist Hitelite 40/17 C: | Staying asphalt on top of the geography Hitelite 40/17 s: |
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If you get to the cottage on your own car, then sooner or later you get tired of putting it just near the porch of the house. You think about how it is time to build a stationary parking for your "iron horse", protecting it during your country holiday from hot sunlight and atmospheric precipitation. The easiest and fast version is the parking lot for the car in the country in the form of a platform with a canopy. Let's talk about how to build a similar parking and pick up materials for her.
Choosing a location of parking
The place for "recreation" of your car should be located on a flat site. Kostokor for parking is categorically not suitable, as you subsequently have to constantly put a car on the handbrake, laying under the wheels of stones or bricks, and just nervous that the car, despite your efforts, will leave without your permission. However, despite this, a small slope for the site should be provided. So the car will be easier to call the parking lot. Provide also that the site is not in lowland, but slightly above the level of the Earth. Then there will not be rainwater and snow.
Device platform
The site device begins with a removal of the soil layer 10-20 cm in the selected place. In this small kitty, pour and tamper a sandy or rubble pillow.
Concrete screed
If the soil on the site is sufficiently stable and is not susceptible to seasonal displacements, then you can stay on a concrete tie, reinforced by reinforcement. To do this, on the perimeter of the site, a wooden formwork is installed from the edged board of the required height. A layer of concrete is poured over the sand with a thickness of about 5 cm, at which immediately, without waiting for frozen, the reinforcement grid is placed. From above, she again poured concrete.
The thickness of the concrete site should be at least 10 cm, if the car is big and heavy, then it is better to increase this figure. Despite the fact that the concrete will grab already in 2-3 days (at that time it will be possible to remove the formwork), it is impossible to exploit it. Wait a month, while the concrete does not get final strength - then he will be able to withstand the weight of the car.
Paving tile
In the event that the soil is susceptible, then after a year, the concrete surface of the site can hack, so you need to prefer another option. A good choice can be a paving tile, which, due to the gaps among themselves, will allow moisture better to evaporate from the surface of the Earth and the base of the parking will be less brewing.
Such a tile is completely different textures and colors - stylized under a certain variety of wood or stone. For the car parking, it is better to use the tile "under granite".
The pavement tile is stacked very easily - on the rammed chubnery pillow or on the sand layer and cement. No other binders, such as glue not required. The tile is nailed to the surface with a special rubber hammer and tightly connected with the base. After the tile is laid, it is desirable to install a curb stone at its borders. Instead of tile, a paving stone, natural stone, clinker brick can be used as a facing of the site.
Crouchped dump
In the case of swept grounds for the surface of the site, it is also possible to use conventional crushed stone. It is enough to fall asleep into the dummy hole layer of rubble and a parking lot ready.
Lawn grille
And this is an option for fans of environmentally friendly coatings, ideally inscribed in the natural landscape. Ecoparking is a special rigid plastic grille that creates the basis for the soil in which the lawn grass is evinted.
The polymer lattice will evenly distribute the weight of the car over the entire platform, so the hricses are not formed on the grass and the lawn will always look well. The advantages of eco-park - durability (up to 25 years), water disposal, frost resistance. The grille will not require any care during the period of use, but differs relative high costs.
Canopy over the site
Regardless of which coating for its parking, you preferred to undesirable to leave it open for precipitation and sunlight. The modern building market offers a huge selection of car vestments for parking cars. A highly popular canopy, which is a lightweight design of steel frame and roofs - polycarbonate coatings, slate, metal tile, professional flooring.
Such structures are sold already in finished form or can be ordered in parts. If there is a desire, a similar canopy can be made independently. For this, reference and transverse metal pipes will be required, from which the framework is built using welding or bolts. From above the roof is covered with wooden boards, slate or rubberoid - depending on what you have in stock.
Thus, the parking lot under the car can have the most diverse species-out of frankly urbanistic (with a platform platform and a canopy of polycarbonate) to the most natural (ecoparking with a wooden canopy). The main thing is that she can protect the car from external negative factors and fit into the overall style of your site.
Technical requirements
EN 13108-6: 2006
(NEQ)
|
Moscow Standinform 2012 |
Preface
The objectives and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 No. 184-FZ "On Technical Regulation", and the rules for the application of national standards of the Russian Federation - GOST R 1.0-2004 "Standardization in the Russian Federation. Basic provisions "
Information about standard
1 developed by the Autonomous Non-Profit Organization "Research Institute of the Transport and Construction Complex" (ANO "NII TSK") and an open joint-stock company "Asphalt concrete plant No. 1", St. Petersburg (OJSC "Abz-1", St. Petersburg Petersburg)
2 Submitted by the Technical Committee on Standardization of TC 418 "Road Economy"
3 approved and commissioned by the Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology of September 14, 2011 No. 297-st
4 This standard has been developed taking into account the main regulations of the European Regional Standard EN 13108-6: 2006 "Bituminous mixtures. Technical conditions on the material. Part 6. cast asphalt "(EN 13108-6: 2006" Bituminous Mixtures - Material Specifications - Part 6: Mastic Asphalt ", NEQ)
5 introduced for the first time
Information about the changes to this standard is published in the "National Standards" informational indicator annually, and the text of the changes and amendments - monthly published information indicators "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or the cancellation of this standard, the appropriate notification will be published in the National Standards issued information indicator monthly. Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system- on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet
GOST R 54401-2011
National Standard of the Russian Federation
Road roads
Asphalt road casting hot
Technical requirements
Automobile Roads of General Use. Hot Road Mastic Asphalt. Technical Requirements.
Date of administration - 2012-05-01
1 area of \u200b\u200buse
This standard applies to the asphalt pavement pavement hot and on the mixture of asphalt concrete road cast hot (hereinafter referred to as the mixtures of alloy), used for the coating device on public roads, bridge structures, tunnels, as well as for the production of patch repair, and establishes specifications for them. .
2 Regulatory references
This standard uses regulatory references to the following standards:
Purpose
A type
Maximum size
mineral grains
parts, mm.
30-51
From 40 to 50
New construction, capital and meal repair
15-30
From 30 to 45
New construction, capital and meal repair, sidewalks
0-15
From 20 to 35
Sidewalks, Bicycle Tracks
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Mixtures cast must be prepared in accordance with the requirements of this Standard for the Technological Regulations, approved by the Independent Manufacturer.
5.2 Cereals of the mineral part of the mixtures of cast and asphalt concrete on their basis, when using round sieves, must match the values \u200b\u200bspecified in the table
Table 2
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Grain size, mm, smaller * |
||||||||||
|
1,25 |
0,63 |
0,315 |
0,16 |
0,071 |
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95-100 |
80-100 |
67-87 |
49-70 |
42-59 |
36-52 |
30-48 |
26-2 |
22-34 |
19-30 |
|
|
98-100 |
87-100 |
70-85 |
54-71 |
44-62 |
36-54 |
31-45 |
26-37 |
20-32 |
||
|
98-100 |
85-100 |
62-88 |
48-79 |
39-70 |
31-59 |
26-8 |
20-40 |
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* Full aisles of mineral material, as a percentage by weight. |
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The grain compositions of the mineral part of the mixtures of cast and asphalt concrete on their basis, when using square sieves, are shown in the application.
The graphs of the allowed particle size compositions of the mineral part of the mixture of the cast are given in the application.
The physico-mechanical properties of mixtures of cast and asphalt concrete on their basis are determined in accordance with GOST R 54400.
Table 3.
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Mixture Types |
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1 porosity of the mineral island,% by volume, no more |
Not normalized |
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2 residual porosity,% by volume, no more |
Not normalized |
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3 water saturation,% by volume, no more |
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4 The temperature of the mixture in production, transportation, storage and laying, ° C, not higher |
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5 Tensile strength when split at 0 ° C, MPa (optional): |
Not normalized |
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no less |
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no more |
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* The values \u200b\u200bcorrespond to the maximum temperature of the mixture from the condition of using polymer-bitumen binders. ** The values \u200b\u200bcorrespond to the maximum temperature of the mixture from the condition of using bitumens of oil road viscous. |
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5.5 The maximum temperature indicated in the table is valid for any location in the mixing mechanism and storage and transportation tank.
5.6 The values \u200b\u200bof the depth of the depth of the stamp depending on the purpose and location of the mixtures of cast and asphalt concrete on them are indicated in the table.
Table 4.
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Type of work |
Range of index of the pressure of the stamp for the types of mixtures, mm |
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1 roads for general use with the intensity of motion ≥ 3000 aut / day; bridge structures, tunnels. |
Device upper layer coatings |
From 1.0 to 3.5 Increase after 30 minutes No more than 0.4 mm |
Not applicable |
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Device nizhny coating layer |
From 1.0 to 4.5 Increase after 30 minutes No more than 0.6 mm |
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2 roads for general use with intensity< 3000 авт/сут |
Upper Coating Layer |
From 1.0 to 4.0 Increase after 30 minutes No more than 0.5 mm |
Not applicable |
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Device of the bottom layer of coating |
From 1.0 to 5.0 Increase after 30 minutes No more than 0.6 mm |
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3 Pedestrian and cycling paths, transitions and sidewalks |
The device of the upper and lower coating layers |
Not applicable |
from 2.0 to 8.0 * |
from 2.0 to 8.0 * |
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4 All types of roads, as well as bridge structures and tunnels |
Verkhnaya member repair coating layer; device aligning layer |
From 1.0 to 6.0 Increase after 30 minutes Not more than 0.8 mm |
Not applicable |
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* The increase in the index of the pressure of the stamp over the next 30 minutes is not normalized. |
|||||
The depth of the depth of the stamp at a temperature of 40 ° C for the first 30 minutes of the test and (if necessary) increase the indicator of the depth of the stamp for the next 30 min, the tests are determined in accordance with GOST R.
5.7 Mixtures cast must be homogeneous. The homogeneity of the mixtures of the cast is estimated in accordance with GOST R 54400 by the coefficient of variation of values \u200b\u200bof the indicator of the depth of the dummy of the stamp at a temperature of 40 ° C for the first 30 minutes of the test. The coefficient of variation for mixtures of cast types I and II should be no more than 0.20. This indicator for a mixture of cast type III is not normalized. The indicator of the homogeneity of the mixture of the cast is determined with the frequency at least than monthly. The indicator of the homogeneity of the mixture of the cast is recommended for each manufactured composition.
5.8 Requirements for materials
5.8.1 For the preparation of litter mixtures, crushed stone obtained by crushing of dense rocks is used. Crushed stone from dense rocks, which is part of the mixtures of cast, must comply with the requirements of GOST 8267.
For the preparation of mixtures of cast, crushed stone fractions from 5 to 10 mm are used; Over 10 to 15 mm; Over 10 to 20 mm; Over 15 to 20 mm, as well as mixtures of these fractions. There should be no extraneous clogging impurities in the crushed.
Physical and mechanical indicators of rubble must comply with the requirements specified in the table.
Table 5.
|
Values \u200b\u200bof indicators |
Test method |
|
|
1 brand for framingness, not less |
1000 |
|
|
2 abrasion brand, not less |
||
|
3 stamp on frost resistance, not lower |
||
|
4 Weighted seeds of lamellar grains (lamb) and needle-shaped in a mixture of rubble fractions,% by weight, no more |
||
|
7 Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides,A. Eff, BC / kg: |
||
|
Up to 740. |
||
|
Up to 1350. |
5.8.2 For the preparation of mixtures of cast apply sand from sefs of crushing, natural sand, as well as their mixture. Sand must comply with the requirements of GOST 8736. During the production of mixtures of cast for the upper layers of coatings of roads and bridge structures, sand from sefs of crushing or a mixture with natural sand, containing no more than 50% of natural sand. The grain composition of natural sand in size should correspond to the sand not lower than the shallow group.
Physico-mechanical sand indicators must comply with the requirements specified in the table.
Table 6.
|
Values \u200b\u200bof indicators |
Test method |
|
|
1 grade of the strength of sand from the sections of crushing (source rock), not lower |
1000 |
|
|
4 Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides, BUT Eff, BC / kg: |
||
|
For road construction within the settlements; |
Up to 740. |
|
|
For road construction outside settlements |
Up to 1350. |
5.8.3 The mineral powder is used to prepare the mixtures of cast and activated, corresponding to the requirements of GOST R 52129.
The permissible powder content of sedimentary (carbonate) rocks from the total mass of the mineral powder should be at least 60%.
It is allowed to use technical dust of the main and medium rocks from the dust collecting system of mixing plants in an amount of up to 40% of the total mass of the mineral powder. The use of hydroxide dust of acidic rocks is allowed under the condition of its content in the total mass of the mineral powder in an amount of no more than 20%. The values \u200b\u200bof dust indicators of the UROS should comply with the requirements of GOST R 52129 for MP-2 powder.
5.8.4 For the preparation of mixtures of litter as a binder, bitumens oil road viscous brands BND 40/60, BND 60/90 according to GOST 22245, as well as modified and other bitumen binders with improved properties on regulatory and technical documentation, coordinated and approved by the Customer in The established manner, subject to ensuring the quality indicators of the asphalt concrete cast from these mixtures at no lower than those set by this standard.
5.8.5 When using asphalt concrete, cast on bridge structures, in the upper and lower layers of road coatings with high intensity intensity and calculated loads on the axis should be used by polymers of bitumen. In these cases, preference should be given to polymer-bitumen binders based on styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene styrene styrene and PBW 60 according to GOST R 52056.
5.8.6 When designing mixtures of cast type of binder should be appointed taking into account the climatic features of the construction area, the appointment and place of use of the structural layer required (projected) deformative properties of the mixtures of cast and asphalt concrete properties based on them. The suitability of the binder to achieve the required functional characteristics of museums of cast and asphalt concrete on them is confirmed in the process of mandatory and optional tests specified in GOST R 54400.
5.8.7 In the production of laying mixtures, it is permissible to use binders modified by introducing deflectors into their composition, allowing to reduce production temperatures, storage and laying of laying mixtures by a value from 10 ° C to 30 ° C without deteriorating fluid-belands. The introduction of deflements is produced in bitumen (polymer-bitumen astringent) or in a mixture of litter in the process of its production on the asphalt mixing unit.
5.8.8 The specified composition of the mixture of cast should be provided in the process of its production on the asphalt mixing unit. It is forbidden to change the composition of the mixture by cast after the completion of the process of its production by administering to the mobile crossover of binder, petroleum products, plasticizers, resins, mineral materials and other substances in order to change the viscosity of the mixture of cast and physicomechanical characteristics of cast asphalt concrete.
5.8.9 The use of recycled asphalt concrete (asphalt translucent) is allowed as a placeholder in a mixture of cast. At the same time, its content should not exceed a 10% mass fraction of the composition of the mixture by cast for the device of the lower or upper layers of the road surface and the patch repair and a 20% mass fraction of the composition of the mixture by cast for the device of the leveling layer. At the request of the consumer, the permissible percentage of asphalt production content in the mixture of the cast may be reduced. The maximum grain size of rubble contained in the asphalt storage should not exceed the maximum grain size of rubble in the mixture of cast. When designing mixtures of laying with the use of asphalt production, the mass proportion of the content and the properties of the binder in this aggregate should be taken into account.
6 Safety and Environmental Requirements
6.1 When preparing and laying, the mixtures of cast must comply with the general security requirements for GOST 12.3.002 and the requirements of fire safety according to GOST 12.1.004.
6.2 Materials for the preparation of mixtures of cast (crushed stone, sand, mineral powder and bitumen) must comply with the hazard class not higher than IV according to GOST 12.1.007, referring to the nature of the harmfulness and degree of impact on the human body to low-wave substances.
6.3 The norms of extremely permissible emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere during the work of the work should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bestablished by GOST 17.2.3.02.
6.4 The air in the working area in the preparation and laying of mixtures of cast must satisfy the requirements of GOST 12.1.005.
6.5 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in the mixtures of cast and cast asphalt concrete should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bset by GOST 30108.
7 Rules acceptance
7.1 Acceptance of wall mixtures produced by parties.
7.2 Party consider any amount of a mixture of cast one type and composition produced at an enterprise on a single mixing unit for one shift, using a variety of single delivery.
7.3 To assess the compliance of mixtures of licensed requirements of this standard, acceptance and operational quality control are carried out.
7.4 Acceptance-completed control of the mixture of cast is carried out on each batch. When receiving testing tests, water saturation is determined, the depth of indulgence of the stamp and the composition of the mixture of cast. The indicators of the porosity of the mineral island and residual porosity and the indicator of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides are determined by selecting the compositions of the mixture by cast, as well as with the change in the composition and properties of the source materials.
7.5 With the operational control of the quality of the mixtures of cast in production, the temperature of the mixture is determined by the mixture in each shipped car, which should not be lower than 190 ° C.
7.6 On each batch of the mixture shipped by a cast consumer issues a quality document containing the following product information:
The name of the manufacturer and its address;
Number and date of issuance of the document;
Name and address of the consumer;
Order number (batch) and the amount (mass) of the mixture of the cast;
Type of mixture cast (number of the manufacturer's nomenclature);
Temperature of the mixture by cast when shipping;
The brand of the binder used and the designation of the standard on which it was produced;
Designation of this standard;
Information about the added additives and asphalt production.
At the request of the consumer, the manufacturer must provide the consumer with complete information about the released batch of products, which includes the receiving and trial and testing data produced during the selection of the composition, in the following indicators:
Water saturation;
Depth of indulgence of the stamp (including an increase in the indicator after 30 minutes);
Porosity of the mineral part;
Residual porosity;
Homogeneity of the mixture of cast (according to the results of the tests of the preceding period);
Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides;
Granulometric composition of the mineral part.
7.7 The consumer has the right to conduct a control check for the compliance of the mixture supplied by casting the requirements of this standard, observing the sampling methods, the preparation of samples and tests specified in GOST R 54400.
8 Test Methods
8.1 Porosity of the mineral island, residual porosity, water saturation, depth of indulgence of the stamp, composition of the mixture of cast, tensile strength when split cast asphalt concrete is determined according to GOST R 54400.
In the case of use in the selection of grain compositions of square sieves to determine the grain composition of the mixture, the mold must be used a set of sieve in accordance with the application.
8.2 Preparation of samples made of mixtures of cast and asphalt concrete on their basis for tests are made according to GOST R 54400.
8.3 The temperature of the mixture of the cast is determined by a thermometer with a measurement limit of 300 ° C and an error of ± 1 ° C.
8.4 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides is taken by its maximum value in the mineral materials used. This data indicates a document on the quality of the enterprise-supplier.
In the absence of data on the content of natural radionuclides, the enterprise - the manufacturer of the mixture of the module carries out the input control of the materials in accordance with GOST 30108.
9 Transportation and storage
9.1 The prepared mixtures of the cast must be transported to the place of laying in Kohchers. It is not allowed to transport the mixture by cast in car dump trucks or other vehicles in the absence of stirring and temperature maintenance installed on them and the functioning systems.
9.2 The maximum temperature of the mixture by cast during the storage must comply with the values \u200b\u200bspecified in the table, or the requirements of technological regulations for this type of work.
9.3 Mandatory conditions for transportation of mixtures of laying to the place of installation:
Forced mixing;
Elimination of segregation (bundle) of the mixture of cast;
Cooling protection, atmospheric precipitation.
9.4 In the case of long-term transportation or storage of a mixture by cast in stationary flocks on asphalt mixing plants, its temperature should be reduced during the period of the intended storage time. When storing a mixture of a resulting from 5 to 12 hours, their temperature should be reduced to 200 ° C (when using polymer-bitumen binders) or up to 215 ° C (when using viscous oil bitumen). After the end of the storage period, immediately before the production of styling work, the temperature of the mixture is increased to the permissible values \u200b\u200bspecified in the table or in the technological regulations on this type of work.
9.5 Time that has passed from the production of a mixture by cast on an asphalt mixing unit to a complete unloading of it from a mobile crossbox when laying into a coating should not exceed 12 hours.
9.6 Called mixture is subject to disposal as construction waste in the following conditions:
Exceeding the maximum allowable storage time of the cast mixture;
The unsatisfactory prefabitability of the mixture, the loss of the ability to be a molded mixture and the ability to spread along the base, crumpledness (incompleteness), the presence of brown smoke emanating from the cast mixture.
9.7 Measuring instruments tracking the temperature of the cast mixture on the asphalt mixing installation and in Kochra (stationary and mobile) should be calibrated (calibration) with periodicity at least once every three months.
10 instructions for use
10.1 The device of coating from the mixture of the mold is carried out in accordance with the technological regulations approved in the prescribed manner.
10.2 The mixture of cast should be placed exclusively in a liquid or visco-fluid state that does not require seal.
10.3 Laying mixtures of cast should be made at ambient air temperature and underlying structural layer not lower than 5 ° C. It is allowed to use mixtures of cast at ambient temperature to minus 10 ° C for the production of work on the removal of an emergency on the carriageway of roads with asphalt concrete coatings. In these cases, measures should be provided for ensuring sufficient quality of the adhesion of the asphalt concrete cast with the underlying structural layer.
10.4 Mixtures cast for the device of road coatings, sidewalks and patching should be unloaded directly to the surface of the underlying structural layer or waterproofing layer. The surface of the underlying layer should be dry, clean, deemed and must meet the requirements for asphalt concrete and monolithic cement concrete grounds and coatings.
When laying a mixture of cast on a concrete base or asphalt concrete coating prepared by the cold milling method, a pretreatment of such surfaces with a bitumen emulsion according to GOST R 52128 with a flow rate of 0.2 - 0.4 L / m 2 in order to ensure proper clutch of the layers. The accumulation of the emulsion in the reduced places of the surface of the base is not allowed. Mandatory is the requirement of the complete decay of the emulsion and evaporation of the moisture formed during the start of laying the mixture by cast. Use to process the surfaces of bitumen instead of a bitumen emulsion is not allowed.
Processing the emulsion of the underlying layer made of cast asphalt concrete is not produced when the lower and upper coating layers are arranged from the cast asphalt concrete.
The processing of the emulsion of the underlying layer of cast asphalt concrete is allowed not to be made at the device of the upper layer from the rubble-mastic asphalt concrete mixture according to GOST 31015 at the time interval between the device layers no more than 10 days, as well as in the absence of traffic in this period by the underlying layer.
10.5 The value of the maximum permissible longitudinal and transverse slopes of the road construction, when using a cast mixture, ranges from 4% to 6%, depending on the characteristics of the specified composition of the mold mixture and its viscosity.
10.6 The mixtures of all types of all types are allowed to be laid as a mechanized manner using a special device for moving the mixture of cast (finisher) and manually. The required workability of the litter mixtures is achieved by the manufacturer by adjusting the specified composition and selection of bitumen binders, the introduction of deflements during the production of the mixture by casting, provided that the asphalt concrete is maintained by the cast strength characteristics specified in. Adjustability control can be done by changing the temperature mode of the mixture by cast during its laying, taking into account the fulfillment of the requirements for the minimum and maximum permissible temperatures of the mixture by cast. The mixture intended for mechanized laying may have an increased viscosity and a lower spreading rate over the surface during unloading.
10.7 The final stage of the road coating device with a molded asphalt concrete layer is a rough surface device, carried out by inserting "hot" in accordance with the technological regulations approved in the prescribed manner.
10.8 Physical and mechanical indicators of rubble used for the device of the rough surface of the top layer of coating from the asphalt concrete casting by the insertion method "hot" must comply with the requirements provided in the application.
For the device of the rough surface of the upper coating of the coating of the asphalt concrete of the road-cast hot method of inserting "hot" using a fractional crushed stone of erupted rocks of fractions from 5 to 10 mm, over 10 to 15 mm and a mixture of fractions from 5 to 20 mm according to GOST 8267 with consumption 10 - 15 kg / m 2.
When the bottom layers of the coatings from the mixtures of cast, in order to further provide adhesion with the upper layers of coatings from all types of compacted asphalt concrete, the rubble is the distribution of the erupted rocks of fractions from 5 to 10 mm "hot" with a flow rate of 2 - 4 kg / m 2. It is allowed not to make the sprinkling of the lower layer of rubble when the device of two-layer coatings from the asphalt concrete, subject to the absence of motion along the bottom layer of the coating.
To ensure proper clums of surface treatment with asphalt concrete, it is recommended to use crushed stone treated with bitumen (black crushed stone). The content of bitumen should be selected so as to eliminate its drainage, flipping of rubble or uneven coating of the bitumen of the surface of rubble.
Physical and mechanical indicators of rubble used for the device of the rough surface of the upper layers of the coating from the asphalt concrete, the insertion method must comply with the requirements presented in the table.
Table A.1.
|
Values \u200b\u200bof the indicator |
Test method |
|
|
Stamp on the drum of rock, not lower |
1200 |
|
|
Brand of abrasability of rock, not lower |
||
|
Mark for frost resistance, not lower |
F100 |
|
|
Weighted average grain content of plate (lamb) and needle shape in a mixture of rubble fractions,% by weight, no more |
||
|
Total specific effective activity of natural radionuclides, BUT Eff, BC / kg: |
||
|
For road construction within the settlements; |
Not more than 740. |
|
|
For road construction outside settlements |
Not more than 1350. |
The recommended temperature range of the mixture by cast at the beginning of the distribution process over its surface of grain mineral materials range from 140 ° C to 180 ° C and should be clarified during the work of the work.
For the device of a rough surface of pedestrian tracks, sidewalks and cycling paths, natural fractionated sand with a flow rate of 2 - 3 kg / m 2 is used.
Table A.2.
|
Size of control sieves, mm |
|||||||||||
|
0,63 |
0,315 |
0,16(0,14) |
0,05 |
||||||||
|
Full residues,% by weight |
0-30 |
30-60 |
60-90 |
0,25 |
0,125 |
0,063 (0,075) |
|||||
|
95-100 |
78-100 |
62-83 |
54-72 |
49-62 |
42-59 |
37-54 |
29-48 |
25-40 |
21-34 |
19-30 |
|
|
95-100 |
83-100 |
72-89 |
Figure B.3 - Grain composition of type II mixture (round sieve)
Figure V.4 - grain composition of type II mixture (square sieve)
Figure V.5 - Grain Composition of the Mixture of Type III (Round Sita) Figure V.6 - Grain composition of type III mixture (square sieve) BibliographySNiP 3.06.03-85 Automobile Roads Keywords: Mixtures Asphalt-concrete road cast hot, asphalt road cast, hot, road coating | ||||||||
It is always convenient to go to the car on a flat and smooth freeway, developing more speed. By no means rare the quality of the track does not allow it to do, since the coating has a deviation from the norm and is unsuitable for high-quality ride. Over time, under the pressure of the wheels of machines, especially large trucks, the influence of adverse natural conditions in the form of rain, hail, sharp change of temperature, asphalt concrete flooring loses its primordial appearance. Covered with small cracks, holes, potholes, which shortens the time of high-quality operation of the highway. Riding for such worn roads leads to damage to cars and can even lead to an accident.
Causes of destruction
As a result of the use of coatings from asphalt concrete, they are subjected to various deformations. Wear houses are formed due to external and internal influences on. Defects on covering from the influence of external factors include:
- power loads from automotive wheels;
- atmospheric precipitation (rain, temperature changes, thawing, snow, freezing).
The main causes of destruction are non-compliance with the technology of laying or repairing roadbed and the impact of cars. Internal factors associated with the destruction of asphalt concrete coating arise as a result of incorrect preparation of the project for roads, their construction and repair:
- The destruction of the road surface leads incorrect design of the asphalt concrete road highway. Inaccurately conducted studies, calculations and mistakes in determining the intensity of the vehicle flow can contribute to the formation of defects on the road from asphalt concrete and lead to the destruction of the road structure, namely: the integrity of the asphalt layer on the road surfaces will violate; The base ground will see; reduced the strength of the ground pillow; The wear of the asphalt concrete flooring follows.
- Old techniques are applied and low-quality materials are selected when working with an asphalt coating. Most recently, for installation, styling of the asphalt mortar and repair, the hot, which included poor-quality bitumen were used. It caused damage to the root flooring and worsened the strength characteristics of the finished mixture for the asphalting of the road surface. However, construction does not stand still, and today the latest polymer-bitumen materials are being developed and introduced, capable of significantly improving the properties of the material and the future route. Various additives in the mixture were gained great popularity to: improving the clutch, increase the resistance to water and the formation of cracks. Thanks to these additives, the durability of the road canvase to minus temperatures is provided. To avoid defects and wear of the roadbed, it is necessary not only to apply new mixtures for laying asphalt, but also to choose new technologies that will allow stabilize and strengthen the weakening of the reasons for the base. To prevent the destruction of coatings, use the reinforcing grid that will strengthen the road construction and increase the duration of the operation of the asphalt web.
- Defects and wear on the asphalt concrete coating occur due to the incorrect technological process when the road construction is erected. Destruction is formed due to the mistakes made when laying asphalt and the repair of the track. Contribute to the emergence of defects of violation of the rules for transporting asphalt concrete solution, as a result of which the mixture is supplied to the wrong temperature. When the laid mixture is sealing, air bubbles were not removed or, on the contrary, the solution was too sealed, then the asphalt can be caught to crack and decrease. The destruction of the route may arise as a result of poor-quality preparation of land fabric and work on the installation of road facilities.
- Defects on the road surface are most often formed as a result of weather conditions when the moisture penetrates the asphalt fabric during the rain, and the hot rays of the sun spoil the upper layer of the track - the adhesion of the asphalt concrete strength is carried out, which leads to the formation of chosel. In the period of minus temperatures, the gathered moisture in the layers of asphalt concrete is capable of increased in the amount and thereby destroy the structure and sealing of asphalt.
- As a result of large loads from vehicles, road linen is destroyed. High loads on the surface of the track are due to an intense flow of vehicles, as a result of which the capacity of the bandwidth in 24 hours is exceeded and as a consequence - the resource of the track of the track is reduced. The increase in the axial load due to the operation of the road coating by vehicles with heavy lifting capacity leads to the destruction of the asphalt concrete canvase, the formation of a gauge and cracks.
Damage to the pavement from asphalt concrete may occur as a result of the complex effect of external and internal factors.
Main types Defects
Typical road defects. Asphalt damage are the following types:
- Break. It is a slot on the asphalt plot where the flow of vehicles is passed. If it does not pate cracks in time, they can increase in size and turn into a large diameter break.
- Expiration of service. The destruction associated with the long-term operation of the canvas, on which the repair was not carried out, affect the thickness of the asphalt layer.
- Reducing the strength of asphalt concrete. As a result of large loads from heavy trucks, the canvas drawdown is formed and the destruction of the upper coating layer in the form of irregularities, chipping and gauge.
- Potholes. Destroying in the form of chosel - this is a recess with a sharp break of the edges that occur due to improper masonry of asphalt concrete using low-quality materials.
- Peeling. The formation of peeling on the road surface due to separation from the top layer of the coating particles. It is formed due to constant variable effects on the road surface of the frost and thaw.
- Climatic influences. During the period of melting of the snowmates, a large amount of fluid is formed, which is capable of destroying the track of the track, which entails a decrease in the strength characteristics of the asphalt concrete.
- Darking. This type of damage occurs due to the violation of the laying or repair of the roadway, namely, work at atmospheric precipitation or minus temperatures.
- Cracks. The slots are formed on the road surface as a result of a sharp change of temperature regime.
- Drawdown There is a drawdown due to the selected low-quality materials for laying the web, as well as as a result of insufficient compaction of the asphalt mixture or soil.