The essence of laws, principles and concepts management concepts used in Russia. Laws of the scientific organization of production and labor. Types and objectives of machine-building industrial associations. Methods of organizing the production process.

1 . OS.n. laws, End-AI, the principles of organizing

Org- ipR-V.- Sis-Ma measures for example on the RCC-oh, the combination of labor processes with the substances of El-Mi Prospect in space and in time, with the aim of achieving-I delivered tasks in as soon as possible With the best of the PC and RES.

Basic principles:

1. Prp-n of compatibility: together the same email: Singing separately taken email with others. El mi.

2. Actualization of the Prospect approach to Org-AI Prospect as an uninterrupted process, becoming the F-II el. ON: static (EXT-C) and dynamic (intensive).

3 Pr-n neutraliz-i dysfunction

4. Pr-p concentration

6. Mobility prn.

Osn- e.theories of Org-AI and UPR- iprom-Oh.

1 . S.-The Arkraita (1732-1792). He amounted to the Codex for the Worker, according to the cat. He D.B. Action. As a team.

2 . S.c-Ma Taylor (1856-1915), SOS-T in the tires of the V pr-va, the cat. Sketch based on a short period of work time, Kvvalif-th slave (receiving double profits in the same period of time).

3 . S.c-Ma Fire (1841-1925)

3.1. Administration is part of the UPR. It includes: Magnaya Sphere, commercial, financial, accounting and accounting. File in each sphere allocated admin fes

3.2. foresight

3.3. planning

3.4. Organization: division of labor, power, discipline, elf command, hand-fit, subordination of individual interests, RESU, Centralization, order, equality, initiative, corporal spirit.

3.5. Coordination

3.6. control

4 . S.- Emerson. Posted by 12 Pros-OR-NEA-type pricing: the accuracy of the formulated goal, the approach from the position of common sense, competence of consultation, the disc, on, fair attitude towards personnel, fast and accurate accounting, dispatching, norms and schedules, normalization of conditions, in which the best results are achieved, the rationing of operations, the availability of instructions, ROSG-IE Slave

5 . S.-Am manager - These are the people of the people structure of the Org-Cius.

6 . S.- Weber - The ideal type of administrator is the time-type standards, cat. Worker acts.

7 . S.- MEYO - This is a SIS-Ma man-ki.

8. Empirical Si-Ma - This is the collection of info and once-site recommendations.

9 . Butwaives School- The desire to manage accurate sciences.

Osn- e.z-wea scientific organizes and labor and labor1. Zn on a naughty trailed communication. If there are departments depending on one of the other, the largest production of products will depend on the greatest magnitude of the more weak department, no matter how strong the main departments are. Zen mutual closure - the main pr-vo is selected the utility probs, working on the main pr-in and on each other, and in the case of their excess - to side. Zn rhythm. This law requires compliance with certain periods of applying periodically operating constant strength4. Zn Parliant and last work. It requires that private processes and work work in parallel and at the same time so that the general end result is achieved in the scheduled time5. Zn Front of work. The front of the work should be proportional to the load, i.e. You do not need to put two people where one can cope with the work. Zn real Conditions. Goals should be achievable in organizing any case, take into account the surrounding external conditions and real needs. Osn- e.end-Ai Preparing in Russia1 . Kon.- iorg author - Bogdanov). He proposed the basic principles of science on the laws of the Organization operating in the technique (organization of things), the economy (organization of people), politics (organization of ideas) and declared the need for their systemic study. He considered the organization abstractly, out of close relations with the socio-economic side of people, believing that the latter is fully determined by the technique. 2. Z.- n. Org-th sum Cat is more than the arithm amount of its forces. If all real personal elements of production are harmoniously combined and strengthen each other. 3 . Etcincype of ideological optimum author - Eermansky). He formulated the prerequisites for the theory of labor organization and rationalization of management, as an independent scientific direction, tilling them with the emergence of certain technical and economic conditions and, above all, with the advent of large machine. Eermansky formulated the subject of science on the organization of labor and management, which was based on the idea of \u200b\u200bthe optimal use of all types of energy and factors. He developed the law of an organizational amount, which is more than arithmetic amount components of his forces. But this is possible only when all real personal elements of the pr-va are harmoniously combined and strengthen each other. 4 . Kon.- inarrow base (Gastev) Its essence is that all the work on the scientific organization of labor and management should be started with a separate person, regardless of his position (ordinary or leader). The concept of labor plants was developed, the constituent elements of which are the theory of labor movements in the Pros-ve, organization of the workplace, management processes and the methodology of rational production learning. Con-I (Gastev) 6. Kon-I have a prohibition by the process of the process. (Razmovich) All the above applies to the con-and organ-but-technologian UPR-Iia.K Sots-M Con-Yam Exploration: 1. Theory of Org-oh deat (kergents). He highlighted 3 objects in the scientific organization of labor: work, pr-in and management. Under the scientific organization of the Office, he understood the study of organizational receptions and the definition of the most rational methods Implementation of management actions (formation organizational structures; distribution, planning, accounting, selection and use of personnel; Maintaining discipline) .2. Kon-I Social and Labor UPRA. (Witte) 3. Administrative tank theory. (Dunaevsky) 4. The theory of technical and cybernetic Exhibitions. Scientific foundations committedi organizing the UP-iah common pro-inCertain Organization of Labor and Prosk Zakzczu: 1. In a rack planning slave. places in Soot-Ai with the technical persons2. In mapping the part with an operation to operation3. In reducing break time4. In the acceleration of the arence of the MECH and AUTOM5. In the work of the work of the transp-th hoz-va6. In the Org-AI preparatory shift7. In the introduction of a changeable-daily plan and org production on the hourly chart8. In the improvement and org admin, the maintenance of the fusion hoose-tv9. In the implementation of a parallel and mixed method of transmitting details10. In applying a trap M-yes, details11. In the ODR-AI, the most rapid order of launch details12. In addition to the level of special Slave-X places13. The redugi-e length of all email cycles improves technical and econ. Poster's work before. Types and tasks of machine-buildinghY production associationsCh.zdachi prnas associations: 1. The breakdown and rashes, 2. Widespread exposure to science and technology., 3. We have a high. Quantity Prospects, 4. Development of the new new. Prom, 5. RED. Labor Production, 6. Increase EF-TIP VA, 7. RATS-NEMA OF CAPIT-X investments, 8. Commissioning, mastering and use of production capacity, 9. The discrepancies of the plan and contractual obligations for supply, 10. Permanent management commitment, 11. Application of ek-co-mat-ki ms in UPR-AI Prospect, 12. Acceleration of NTP Views:1 . By degrees of self-ti: 1.1. Communication, in the cat. Pr-Tiya retain the host of Juru Salf. 1.2. Do not preserve sensesty 1.3. Mixed volume 2. By latitude of integration:2.1. Commons having one Stage Stage 2.2. Commons having the stage "Pro-E" 2.5. I have the volume of the stage "Pro-E and Izh-E 2.6. Communication with all stages (build-on aircraft) 3. In the head of the MACC- inand forms of industriesintegration 3.1. Inter-sectoile 4 . By scale scalestee: 4.1. international 4.2. Community 4.3. territorial 5. In the head of the centralization fasching UPR-ia:5.1. With a separate apparatus of UPR-Iia 5.2. Uproven with a head of the head 5.3. Mixed 6. According to Har-Ru special the resulting volumesia: 6.2. Complexes of industrial plants6.3. Territorial sectoral complexes. Types of M / h Thoms- j.and their tasksGL Ass mi in Yavl .: 1. The breakdown and rashes, 2. Widespread exposure to science and technology., 3. We have a high. Quantity Prospects, 4. Development of the new new. Prom, 5. RED. Labor Production, 6. Increase EF-TIP VA, 7. RATS-NEMA OF CAPIT-X investments, 8. Commissioning, mastering and use of production capacity, 9. The discrepancies of the plan and contractual obligations for supply, 10. Permanent management commitment, 11. The use of ek-co-mat-kih ms in the UPR-II Prospect, 12. Acceleration of NTPVIDE Machine-Building Production Associations 1 . By degrees of self-ti: 1.1. Beaded, in the cat. Pr-Tiya retain the host of Juru Salf. 1.2. Do not preserve sensesty 1.3. Mixed volume 2. By latitude of integration:2.1.Ads-I have one Stage Stage 2.2.Ost - I have a "project" stage 2.3. Communication-I having the stage "pr-in" 2.4. Communion having the stage "Research and project" 2.5. I have the volume of the stage "Pro-E and Izh-E 2.6.Ad-E having all stages (build-on aircraft) 3. In the head of the MACC- inand forms of industriesintegration: 3.1. Mouth-seated 3.2. Sectoral3.3. Vnutriotranslated 4 . By scale scalestee: 4.1. international 4.2. Community 4.3. territorial 5. In the head of the centralization fasching UPR-ia:5.1. With a separate apparatus of UPR-Iia 5.2.UPR-NI / s. 5.3. Mixed 6. According to Har-Ru special the resulting volumesia: 6.1. head factories with branches 6.2. Complexes of industrial plants6.3. Territorial sectoral complexes. The harm of the harp of the progress: the most important dock, the Har-it is the possibilities of the Yav-I passport of the PRACTOR Obia. He indicates: 1. 1.1 Name 1.2 Subordination 1.3 Composition 1.4 Location 1.5 Banking and transport details2. Data on capacity and its copy3. The amount of pricing in a moan and natural dimension4. Types of profiling pricing5. The time consideration of the range of proc. Data on the stat and their structure7. Cap. Attachments and Dyasy, the Harching of the OP8. Data on the value of consumer raw materials9. Commercial indicators of the number of workers, slave controls, etc.. Foundation Z / PL. Total staff and regulations. for 1 rub. Products11. Data on balancing profit from the sale of finished products12. Z-you for 1 rub. Tov. pr-ii13. S / ST. Prices14 types. Turnover of OB-CP-B15. Data on the presence of growth and labor procure16. Data on the availability of treatment facilities Formsorganizes.aboutfocus Pr-TV and Osn. Har-ki Presners1. Ko netcentration - This is the Process of the PR-TD-TWA, on increasingly large pre-iads .. It is divided into: 1.1. Absolute - Har is the dimensions of the pr-va of individual pr-yi1.2. Relative is an increase in the share of large pr-willes in the amount of individual industries. Aggregate is an increase in the volume of the pr-truth in the workplace without increasing the number by implementing the progress of teching-th Obror1.4. Tehnol-Aya - it carried out the sizes of the pr-va techno-ki of homogeneous subdaz-ion1.5. Factory - an increase in the size of the pr-ia, due to the growth of the sizes of homogeneous pr-Two, the effect of Kon-AI consists in reducing the costs of pr-in proc. 2 . SP . Yavl EF-OI shape of the general divination. OSN. The goal is to increase labor production. Vida: 2.1. Sectoral - OPR-SIA in the secto-ii of their subproduces, cat. The OPR-Ui PR-JU and the Har-Sia of Labor Between the Prospects of this industry.2.2. Factory - focus of deet-tying data on the production of OPR-ORI or on the discretion of certain types of work.2.3. Intrazavodskaya - the neighborhood of individual workshops, accounting and slave. places on the voluntary of the OPR-X technological operations or groups of operations, on the cat. The process of the IZG-IA Pr-Ii. Forms:Specialist - Encompasses any kind of completed pr-II (aut-Li, machine tools, turbines, tractors). The subject specialist PR-ia is accompanied by the deepening and inside the pr-ia, where special trains or branches are created. pradno-knot - Har-Smi Om-Ohm of the nodes or part of the pr-AI Cat is post-aim on the pre-ideal specialist for the setting of the OSN of the PR-II. t.junction - Har-on for pr-ie, the Mat-lies, the semi-fed and the separation of the re-Tekhnol-Ie opera-Ii. To them, the plants on the pr-Wu billets are 9patam, forgings, rolling, castings), as well as welded metal-constructions, cat. Java isch-m mat-M for m / n and repair processes. Indicators of the Special II level:1. Differentiation degree2. Specific gravity Produce Production. The special industry in the general V of this type of products3. RF WES OSN. Pr-AI in the general V production of the industry4. Number of types of products from one enterprise P-Li Ek-oh Ef-Tre Va:1. ORD-IE of the total cost of pro-B and delivery.2. CAP. Investments are necessary for conducting special and 3. The payback period of the payable and annual savings in connection with the special-AI conducted: EG \u003d (((C 1 + T 1) - (from 2 + t 2)) * 2Gh, from 1 - C / B ether-ti products to special yit 1 - Tranny costs for the ED-CSU Pr-ii to Special IIS 2 - C / B ED-CSI Prod-AI after Special IIT 2 - Trans-Clauses on the ED-CSU, after Special IIV 2 - Annual Vchod-ii after special-ithoch \u003d kc / eggy, current - the payup period - Cap-bone investments, connected with specials 3 . Ko operation - The absorption relationship of the pr-ie, tested in the joint venture of the Proc Zassivides: 3.1. Subject (related enterprises) - the type of proclary ties when the head factory vol-Iz is complex pr-ja gets from DR Pr-Ii ready-made units 9motors, generators, pumps, compressors) 3.2. Detail - Har-Smi bonds when the pr-iaty seams are post-headed part and nodes for the release of finished pr-ii (carburetors, radiators, pistons, shafts, sleeves, gears) 3.3. Technological - supply of semi-ends (casting, stamping, forgings, rental) or discharge of teching operations with the OBR-OP-X ed-Xo-Ny Lock pokm.: 1. Coop-t cooque is a UD. weight. Coop products in the total stubby vol. pr-ii.; 2. Skip-in the pr-siels; 3.Sotypes of nutritional and interdistrict supplies; 4. - // - and intersectoral supplies; 5. Finnish, petal, technical cooperation in common coopers. 6. The average radius of the co-ia from the industry as a whole in the industry. 4 . Ko mbinization - Connection in one pr-ii of the varietary pr-trials located in the technical and echo and tech-choe Views:4.1. Comb-e on the basis of subsequent stages of processing (combines: weaving pr-in, dye) 4.2. Comb-ie on the basis of an integrated island of raw materials (RTI of rubber is traveled different ed - I) 4.3. Comb-E on the basis of the Outbreaks of Comb-Ia: 1. The production of volumes in the plant2.v-we are a specific API3. The number of products received from the editors of the Escho raw materials. Profrom the outside process and ms of his orgementProving Process (PP) - owl of the mutual percentage of labor and natural percentages for the rally of the OPR-NOCE prnation. Principles of Org-AI PP: 1. Special-ia is based on the division of labor Principle of specialit is embodied in the creation of special streaming lines, intended for the arrows of one destroying for this line of from a yi or several technologies related ed-Xi.2. Standardization is the procedure for the establishment and adoption of the Rules in order to streamline the children in the opric area for the benefit and with the participation of all stakeholders.3. proportionality of PP - production organization involves compliance bandwidth (relative performance per unit time) of all divisions of the enterprise - workshops, plots, individual jobs for the production of finished products. The proportionality of production eliminates the overload of some sections, i.e. the emergence of "bottlenecks", and under use of capacity in other links, is a prerequisite for the uniform operation of the enterprise and ensures uninterrupted production of production. Principle of continuity - it is manifested in the form of a continuous (without inter-operational layering) of movement and parts for operations in continuous operation of workers and Obro-Iya.5. P. Rhythmic (in equal intervals) - harm Rhythmic release of Pros and the rhythmic repetition of all one-pactions on each of its slave. Place.6. P. Directochiness (passing each operation in a specific post) - it is planned to accommodate the oborce and slave. places in the order of the operator of the technolog process. Directionfulness providing the shortest path of movement of the ed-claim in production. P. parallelism - it provides the parallel movement of the ed-X, with a cat. They are transmitted to operations individually either by small tramp-mi parties.8. P.Conceration9. P. Differentiation10. P. Automation11. P. Flexibility - Fast Cartoon Total Obliga12. P. Combination Therefore, it happens: 1. Dismemberment of PP 2. ORT-IE of the ORD order of movement of labor items. 3. Removing oborctions in accordance with those. Process 4. Strict adherence to the eliminational technological processes 5. Operational hand and monitoring and monitoring of existence of PP 6. Distribution of measures for the ARG-II Pros. All this leads to the effectiveness of PP. Calculation of individual principles of rational organization:1. coef. frompecialization: COP \u003d CDO / mKDO - Number of parts - operations being processed into the contract. Division for the analyzed time between the time - the number of jobs in this subdivision 2. coef. proporcylation:CRC \u003d CC / MNPOB - Products of equipment - production line 3. coef. paralty:Capal \u003d Pip / Napvapar - the time of the technological cycle with parallel movement - the time of the technological cycle with a sequential form of the part of the part 4. coef. ravomernity:Kraravn \u003d 1 - Honeycomb / PZSOT - Amount of absolute deviations - less duration of the plan 5. coef. n.similarity:Knepr \u003d For / PRVPER - Time Breakfp - Duration of all PP

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• Introduction
• Chapter 1. Modern methods and technology management manufacturing process in the organization
• 1.1 Basic Concepts, Essence and Production Types
• 1.2 Form of production organization
• 1.3 Communication Management Management and Business Development Management
• 1.4 Modern methods and technology management technologies
• Chapter 2. The production process management system at the enterprise Energetic LLC
• 2.1. general characteristics LLC "Energetik", as an object of analysis and its position in the market
• 2.2. Analysis of the financial condition of the enterprise
• 2.3 Production Structure and Production Management System
• 2.4 Improving the management of the manufacturing process of Energetik LLC
• Chapter 3. Ways to improve the management of the production process in LLC "Energetik" and evaluating their efficiency
• 3.1 Development of a Program for Improving Production Management
• 3.2 Development, implementation and issuance of a new product in LLC "Energetik"
• 3.3 Calculation of the financial efficiency of the release of a new product in Energetik LLC
• Conclusion
• List of used sources and literature
• Applications
• Introduction
• production Control Financial Release Product
• As a result of market reforms (price liberalization, the decentralization of the resource distribution system, mass privatization) radically changed the conditions for the functioning of enterprises.
• The disintegration of the Unified Industrial Complex, the violation of horizontal and vertical economic relations led to significant difficulties of the production process, to the fall of production volumes. In the context of the transition to the market, the problem of the formation of the organizational and economic mechanism of joint-stock companies, which resulted in the restructuring of enterprises, the need to change in the organization and management of production, in the management of the enterprise economic system.
• Improving the efficiency of production in enterprises is one of the most important tasks as a state (creating favorable conditions for the effective activities of enterprises) and economists of the enterprises themselves (analysis of production activities, development and implementation of measures to improve production efficiency).
• The key to the success of any enterprise lies in a constant increase in production efficiency, systematic analysis of production activities, the development and implementation of measures aimed at improving production efficiency.
• Ensuring the stable operation of enterprises for the production of competitive products is a task of paramount importance for managers of all levels. The most important qualitative characteristic of the management at all levels is the production efficiency.
• Reducing production costs, rational use of material resources, achieving higher economic indicators And, above all, an increase in labor productivity and production efficiency, and on this base, the cost reduction is the most important and current tasks of production management workers. To solve them, management is greatly important in order to increase its effectiveness, mastering the methods of effective production management, as well as calculations and comparison of the performance of enterprise production.
• A prerequisite for the resolution of the tasks is a scientific search, analysis, generalization of the practice and the rationale for such an enterprise management system that could ensure an increase in production efficiency and the saturation of the market with high-quality goods available for the mass consumer.
• Despite the achievements domestic science In the study of key areas of transition to market-related relations, these studies are limited to the macroeconomic approach, are devoted to the analysis of trends, the principles of the organization of production. There is not enough research on the problems of organizing production in enterprises.
• All this causes the relevance of the topic under study and determines the goal, tasks, object and subject matter.
• The object of graduation qualifying work was the limited liability company "Energetik"
• The subject of final qualifying work is the management of the manufacturing process of the enterprise.
• The purpose of the final qualifying work is to develop recommendations for improving the management of the manufacturing process of Energetik LLC.
• This purpose led to the need to solve the following theoretical and practical tasks:
• 1. To identify the essence of the management and types of organization of the manufacturing process in the enterprise.
• 2. Consider modern methods and technologies for the management of the manufacturing process.
• 3. Determine the role of information systems in the management of the production process
• 4. Formulate the criteria for the efficiency of production and its management.

To justify the effectiveness of the proposed activities, the following techniques and methods are used in thesis: comparative and economic analysis, analysis of coefficients (absolute and relative indicators), analysis of economic literature, scientific monographs, periodic printing articles on the problem under study. To evaluate the strategic position of the enterprise, the SWOT method of analysis will be used, which will allow us to identify strong and weak sides Enterprises, as well as opportunities and threats facing him.

The information base of this work was accounting information for the studied period 2007-2008.

Balance of the company - Form number 1;

Profit and Loss Statement - Form No. 2;

Accounting, enterprise statistics.

Objectives and tasks identified the structure of work. Thesis consists of introduction, 3 chapters, conclusions and applications.

Theoretical I. practical basis In conducting research work

Chapter 1. Modern methods and technologies for managing the production process in the organization

1.1 Basic Concepts, Essence and Production Types

The production process is a combination of objects and tools of labor and living labor in space and time operating to meet the needs of production. This is a complex systemic concept consisting of the consequence of the following private concepts: the subject of labor, the tools of labor, living labor, space, time, satisfaction of needs.

As an object of management, production is a dynamically developing system indicated above the elements of which are interrelated and interdependent. They require clear and targeted interaction with the internal and external environment of each unit.

The production process at any enterprise is carried out with a certain interaction of three defining factors: personnel (labor), labor and labor items (scheme 1).

Using the available means of production, the staff produces socially useful products or industrial and household services. This means that, on the one hand, there are costs of living and extractable labor, and on the other, the results of production. The latter depends on the scale of the applied means of production, personnel potential and the level of their use.

Scheme 1 - formation of results and efficiency of production, directly or water (productionandthe production and economic system)

The production process consists of partial processes that can be divided into groups on the following features:

According to the method of execution: manual, mechanized, automated.

For appointment and role in production: Main, auxiliary serving.

The whole set of technological operations, directly or indirectly Swadded with the manufacture of products is divided into basic and auxiliary or basic and auxiliary production.

The main production is characterized by the process, as a result of which the initial commodity and material values \u200b\u200b(raw materials, materials) with the help of workers, and with the participation of a person are converted into finished products.

For example, in mechanical engineering, the result of the main processes is the production of machines, apparatus and devices that make up the manufacturing program of the enterprise and its corresponding specialization, as well as the manufacture of spare parts to them for delivery to the consumer. The combination of such partial processes is the main production.

Auxiliary production processes are processes that create the necessary conditions To create finished products, or create finished products, which is then consumed mainly in the enterprise itself. The auxiliary are the processes for the repair of equipment, the manufacture of instruments, devices, spare parts, means of mechanization and automation of its own production, the production of all types of energy.

The combination of partial production processes provides a spatial and temporary organization of production. The production process includes many partial processes aimed at making a finished product. The classification of production processes is shown in Fig. one.

Fig. 1. Classification of production processes

Service-based production processes During the implementation of such processes, products are not produced, but are carried out by services necessary for the implementation of basic and auxiliary processes. For example, transportation, warehousing, issuing all types of raw materials and materials, control accuracy of instruments, selection and acquisition of parts, technical quality control of products, etc. The set of such processes is servicing production.

In turn, the main production processes are divided into the following types:

Preparatory (procurement);

Transformations (processing);

Final (assembly).

The production process is non-uniform. It disintegrates into many elementary technological procedures that are performed in the manufacture of the finished product. These individual procedures include: production stage, production operation, work techniques, work movement.

Each stage combines partial processes, technologically related among themselves, or processes of a certain intended purpose.

The type of production is determined by the comprehensive characteristic of technical, organizational and economic features Production due to breadth of nomenclature, regularity, stability and volume of output. The main indicator characterizing the type of production is the coefficient of fixing the operations of the KZ. The fastening coefficient for the workplaces group is defined as the ratio of the number of all different technological operations made or subject to execution within a month, to the number of jobs:

where kopi is the number of operations performed on the workplace;

Kr.m Number of jobs on a plot or in the workshop.

There are three types of production: single, serial, mass.

Single production is characterized by a small amount of output of the same products, the re-manufacturing and repair of which are usually not envisaged. The fastening coefficient of operations for single production is usually above 40.

Technological processes in conditions of single production are developed consolidated in the form of route cards for the processing of parts for each order; Plots are equipped with universal equipment and a snap, providing the manufacture of parts of a broad nomenclature. A wide variety of works that have to do many workers requires them from various professional skills, therefore, there are highly qualified workingoutons on operations. In many areas, especially in experienced production, the combination of occupations is practiced.

The main possibilities for improving technical economic indicators of single production are associated with its approach on the technical and commercial level to the serial.

The use of serial production methods is possible with a narrowing of the nomenclature of the parts manufactured by the parts and unification of parts and components, which allows you to go to the organization of subject sites; expanding constructive continuity to increase parts launch batches; Grouping loved ones in the design and procedure for making parts to reduce the time for the preparation of production and improve the use of equipment.

Serial production is characterized by the manufacture or repair of products by periodically repetitive parties. Depending on the number of products in the battery or series and the values \u200b\u200bof the coefficient of securing operations distinguish small, medium-terrain and large-scale production.

For small-scale production, the fastening coefficient of operations from 21 to 40 (inclusive), for the average production from 11 to 20 (inclusive), for large-scale production from 1 to 10 (inclusive).

Serial production is characterized by the manufacture of a limited nomenclature of parts by parties repeating at certain intervals.

This allows you to use special equipment along with universal. When designing technological processes, it includes the procedure for performing and snapping each operation.

For serial production enterprises, significantly smaller than in the unit, labor intensity and cost of manufacturing products are characteristic. In mass production, compared with the unit, products are processed with smaller intervals, which reduces the volume of work in progress.

From the point of view of the organization, the main reserve of labor productivity growth in mass production is the introduction of methods of tract production.

Mass production is characterized by a large amount of product output, continuously manufactured or repaired for a long time, during which one operating operation is performed on most jobs. The coefficient of consolidation of operations for mass production is taken equal to 1.

Mass production ensures the most complete use of equipment, a high overall level of labor productivity, the lowest cost of manufacturing products. In tab. 1 presents data on comparative characteristic Different types of production.

Table 1

Comparative characteristics of various types of production

Thus, the production process includes partial processes such as basic, auxiliary services. Production type - classification category of production, allocated by the latitude of the nomenclature, regularity, stability of the volume of products, such as equipment used, qualifications

Production type is a classification category of production, allocated on the basis of the latitude of the nomenclature, regularity, stability of the production of products, such as equipment used, personnel qualifications, laboriousness of operations and the duration of the production cycle. There are a single, serial and mass production.

Under economic efficiency is understood the degree of use is productionaboutpotential that is detected by the ratio of the results andbutspending social production. The higher the result with the same costs, the faster it is growing per unit of costs of socially necessary labor, or the less cost per unit of useful effect, the higher the production efficiency. The generalizing criterion for the economic efficiency of social production is the level of productivity of social labor.

Production efficiency -this is an indicator of the production of distribution and processing of resources in order to produce goods. Efficiency can be measured through the coefficient - the ratio of the results at the output to the resources at the entrance or through the volume of production, its nomenclature.

The efficiency of production is a comprehensive reflection of the final results of the use of means of production and labor for a certain period of time (in foreign countries With a developed market economy, another term is used to discharge the performance of performance, the performance of the production and maintenance system, under which they understand the effective use of resources (labor, capital, land, materials, energy, information) in the production of various goods and services. So, the efficiency of production and system performance is essentially synonyms that characterize the same result processes. It should be aware that the overall performance of the system is a concept much wider than labor productivity and production profitability.

The process of forming the results and efficacy of production (system productivity) is made indicated above in the method.

The result of production as the most important component to determine its effectiveness should not be interpreted. We are talking About the useful finite result. You can distinguish: 1) the final result of the production process; 2) The final people's result of the work of the enterprise (association of enterprises).

The first reflects the materialized result of the production process, measured by the volume of products in natural and cost forms, the second includes not only the amount of products manufactured, but also covers its consumer value. The final result of the production process, the production and economic activity of the enterprise for one or another period of time is net products, that is, the newly formed value, and the financial result commercial activity - Profit.

1.2 Form of production organization

The form of production organization is a certain combination of time and in the space of elements of the production process at the corresponding level of its integration, expressed by the system of sustainable relations.

Various temporal and spatial structural constructions form a set of major forms of production organization. The temporary structure of the organization of production is determined by the composition of the elements of the production process and the procedure for their interaction in time. According to the species of the temporary structure, the forms of organization with consistent, parallel and parallel-demand transmission of labor items in production are distinguished.

The form of the organization of production with consistent transmission of labor objects is such a combination of elements of the production process, which ensures the movement of the processed products in all production sites by parties of an arbitrary value. This form is the most flexible with respect to changes arising in the production program, it allows you to fully use the equipment, which makes it possible to reduce the cost of purchasing it.

The form of the organization of production with parallel transmission of labor objects is based on such a combination of the elements of the production process, which allows you to run, process and transmit object items from the operation to the operation of the piece and without waiting. Such an organization of the production process leads to a decrease in the number of details in the processing, reduction of the needs in the areas necessary for storage and passes.

The form of the organization of production with parallel-demand transmission of labor items is intermediate between consistent and parallel forms and partially eliminates the flaws inherent in them. Products with operation for operation are transmitted by transport parties.

The spatial structure of the organization of production is determined by the number of technological equipment focused on the working platform (the number of jobs), and the location of it relative to the direction of movement of labor items in the surrounding space. Possible variants of the spatial structure of the organization are presented in Fig. 2. The workshop structure is characterized by the creation of areas on which equipment (jobs) is located in parallel the stream of billets, which involves their specialization in the sign of technological homogeneity.

On a plot with a linear spatial structure, equipment (jobs) is located in the course of the technological process and the part of the parts processed on the site is transmitted from one workplace to the other sequentially.

The cellular structure of the organization combines signs of linear and shop. The combination of the spatial and temporal structures of the production process at a certain level of integration of partial processes causes various forms of production organization: a technological, subject, direct-flow, point, integrated (Fig. 3).

The technological form of the organization of the production process is characterized by a workshop structure with consistent transmission of labor items.

Fig. 2. Options for the spatial structure of the production process

The subject form of production organization has a cellular structure with a parallel-sequence (sequential) transmission of labor items in production. On the subject site is set, as a rule, all the equipment needed to process the part of the parts from the beginning to the end of the process. If the processing cycle is closed within the site, it is called items.

The objective construction of the plots provides direct accuracy and reduces the duration of the production cycle of parts. In comparison with the technological form, the subject allows you to reduce the total cost of transporting parts, the need for production Squares per unit of production. At the same time, this form of production organization has disadvantages. The main one is that when determining the composition of the equipment installed on the site, the need for certain types of processing of parts is put forward to the fore, which does not always provide full equipment loading.

Fig. 3. Forms of production organization

With the point form of the organization of production, work is fully performed on one workplace. The product is manufactured where its main part is located. The organization of point proceedings has a number of advantages: the possibility of frequent changes in the design of products and the processing sequence, manufacturing of various nomenclature products in the amount determined by the needs of production; The costs associated with changing the location of the equipment are reduced, production flexibility increases.

The integrated form of production organization involves the combination of basic and auxiliary operations into a single integrated industrial process with a cellular or linear structure with a sequential, parallel or parallel-alone transmission of labor items in production.

The economic effect in the transition to the integrated form of production organization is achieved by reducing the length of the production cycle of parts, an increase in the loading time of machine tools, improving the control and control of production processes.

Under the influence of scientific program progress, there are significant changes due to mechanization and automation of production processes. This creates objective prerequisites for the development of new forms of production organization. One of these forms that has been used in the introduction of flexible automation to the production process is a block-appliance form.

The creation of industries with a block-mold of the organization of production is carried out by concentrating on the site of the entire complex of the technological equipment necessary for the continuous production of limited product range, and combining the working group on the release of final products with the transmission of part of the planning and production management functions on the site. The basic requirements of the organization of production and labor in this case are: creating an autonomous system of technical and tool production; achieving the continuity of the production process based on the calculation of the rational need for resources, indicating the intervals and deadlines; ensuring conjugacy for the power of mechanical processing and assembly units; accounting of established manageability standards in determining the number of employees; Selection of groups working with complete interchangeability.

Thus, today it is customary to allocate temporary and spatial organizations of production. According to the species of the temporary structure, the forms of organization with consistent, parallel and parallel-demand transmission of labor items in production are distinguished. In the form of the spatial structure of the organization of production, linear-row, line-tested, centered row, shop-chopped, isolated workplace, Mesh-rosicial, cellular oxide. The relative form today is the block average form of the organization of production. Its applications B. modern conditions It seems the most appropriate.

1. 3 Production Management Management and Business Development Management

Production management is a dynamically developing system indicated above the elements of which are interconnected and interdependent. They require clear and targeted interaction with the internal and external environment of each unit.

Principles of organization of production processes should cover the entire rather complex complex of industrial and management, legal, economic, information, motivational and psychological aspects of the organization of production. In this regard, we formulate a specific list of principles of organization and management of manufacturing processes in the organization:

1. Legal regulation of industrial and management processes

2. Improving the organization's management system

3. Application of scientific approaches to production processes

4. Ensuring the innovative nature of the organization's development

5. Orientation of production processes for quality

6. Ensuring the adaptability of industrial and managerial processes

7. Selection of professionals

8. Ensuring the comparability of management decisions

9. rational combination of centralization and universalization of production processes

10. Rational combination of personnel management methods

11. Ranking of management facilities

12. Personification of management and stimulation of labor results

13. Ensuring the susceptibility of production management processes

14. Ensuring the information content of production management processes

15. Automation of production management processes

16. Ensuring the efficiency of production management

17. Regulation of production processes

18. Ensuring the proportionality of production processes

19. Ensuring the direct accommodation of production processes

20. Ensuring the continuity of production processes

21. Ensuring the parallelism of production processes

22. Ensuring the rhythm of production processes

23. Ensuring the specialization of the production process

The limited principles of the rational organization of production processes are the main factor in improving the organization of the production proceeding system, which is characterized by the degree of quantitative certainty of the links between the components of the system. To reduce uncertainty, it is necessary in all management documents (plans, programs, tasks, standards, regulations, instructions, etc.) to clearly fix the links of controls with managed objects.

Management methods - Methods, Forms of exposure to the head at subordinates: Organizational Activities (Instructions, Execution Control); Economic (economic calculation); SOCIELOPSICHOLOGICAL (consideration of the psychology of personality, team).

The main goal of the management is to achieve the rational operation of production units due to the top view guidelines by creating adaptive information systems, a complex set of optimization models and quantitative methods that can quickly detect and propose a variant of the elimination of any unplanned deviation at any stage of the industrial cycle.

Objectives, constituting the essence of any activity in the field of production management, determine the approach to the formulation of tasks, developing strategic and decision tactics.

When making decisions on the choice of production goals, first of all, their priority is determined in relation to the main goal determine their priority to the main goal and develop measures to optimize. The implementation of the decision is the current function associated with the operational management and regulation of production, which is the main thing in the work of the manufacturer of production.

As part of the objectives developed for the enterprise as a whole, they put specific tasks for each production unit. These tasks can be formulated as follows:

Constant introduction into the production of new, more advanced goods;

Systematic reduction of all types of costs for the production of a unit of products;

Reduced costs in all units of the production price cycle with a constant implementation of new products into serial production, expansion of the product range and change its range.

Development of goals and objectives should be based on the analysis modern position and those prospects that can open for him in the future.

All production has a certain territorial and sectoral structure, there are processes of specialization, technical progress, etc. All these features are objective, and the production management should follow the laws of the managed object.

The management system should take into account the nature of production, supply conditions, sales, etc.; The material side of the production and the nature of the participation of employees in it; Separate factors or parameters - product quality, costs, etc.

The specificity of production management in the conditions of the market is characterized by the following factors:

Reducing the life cycle of goods, the expansion of the nomenclature of goods manufactured by reducing their volumes (instead of the release of large batches of standard products);

The essential complication of technological processes due to the increase in qualification requirements and the level of training of workers and specialists;

Increasing requirements for the level of quality of service and timing of orders.

The new conditions that have developed on the market demanded the creation of a more simple and flexible control systems. Modern management systems have the following signs:

The presence of small units with a smaller number of higher qualifying workers;

Minimum number of control levels;

Creating organizational structures based on groups of specialists;

Drafting graphs and production programs oriented consumer requests;

The presence of minimum reserves in warehouses;

Immediate reaction to the changes occurring in the internal and external environment;

The presence of lightly precipitated equipment;

High performance ore and low costs;

High quality products and orientation on accurate connections with consumers.

Operational production management is the main element of the organization of the management of the enterprise. It covers all parties to the organization of production, being a means of coordination. Without it, the activity of the enterprise can not be profitable.

The purpose of the management is to provide effective implementation production process. It covers:

Determination of the volume of the product manufactured;

Operational planning of the place and time of production of products;

Coordination of the passage of intraproductive and external orders;

Issuing outfit for work;

Establishing deadlines for the delivery and supply of products and control over their observance;

Ensuring optimal loading of workers and equipment in the production process;

placing orders for materials.

Thus, the management of the production process in the organization is a comprehensive process based on a number of mandatory principles. Methods for managing production processes as a whole correspond to the civilization, although they have their own specifics due to the features of production processes.

1. 4 Modern methods and technology management technologies

At the present stage, the information system of the management was widespread - this is a system of information service of managerial services. Thus, it performs technological functions on accumulation, storage, transmission and information processing. It develops, is formed and operates in the regulations defined by methods and the structure of management activities adopted on a specific economic object, implements the goals and objectives facing it:

· Control over the implementation of production orders;

· Control over the state of production facilities;

· Control over technological discipline;

· Conducting documents for maintaining production orders (intamine maps, route maps);

· Operational determination of the actual cost of production orders.

A modern automated control system should combine the maximum possible complex of functions for managing all business consistencies: marketing and sales management, supply management, finance management, product life cycle from design developments to mass production and service.

The system needs to be implemented a consumer-oriented strategy, regardless of whether the enterprise is developing the products under the order, produces to the warehouse, leads a single, small-seine or large-scale production.

The system should control the production process and continuously control its parameters for deviation from permissible values, starting from the procedure planning stage to implement until the finished product is shipped by the consumer

The system must implement the cost management methodology and cost centers. This technique requires planning the cost of products, approval of planned standards and monitoring the deviations of the actual costs of their standards for timely adoption of measures. Cost accounting should be carried out at the places of their occurrence and allow management personnel to analyze.

Based on the production plan and regulatory cost, the system should calculate the cost estimate of production. The system should ensure the unity of data of financial and managerial accounting.

In modern conditions, the enterprise is absolutely necessary that the data entered into the system have been available immediately after registering a business operation to anyone who experiences the need: from the point in the workshop to the enterprise manager. For example, the unity of data of financial and managerial accounting. Financial and economic operations should be registered in the system immediately after their commit. This will allow control of production at the level of production estimates.

Data Bank (BND) Complex, including special information organization structures, algorithms, special languages Software and technical means, together ensuring the creation and operation of the system of accumulation of information coming from several sources, its update, adjustment and multidimensional use in the interests of management objects and whether, as well as direct communication with the user to receive an answer to arbitrary, including unplanned, Data Bank requests are stored and search for information Downloads and updating data, their reorganization and restoration

Database (database) is a repository of specially organized and logically related information elements, it consists of the data themselves and their descriptions. The established links are supported between the data in the database. The database is an information model of a managed object. It is focused on integrated requirements and thereby satisfies the information needs of any users.

The central role in the functioning of the data bank is performed by the database management system (DBMS) (Fig. 4). This systems deletes, adds, replaces old data records to new and is an effective data processing tool.

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Figure 4. Scheme of the interconnection of production control elements

Databases are created in the Bank's data bank to solve the procedures for controlling production in the intercession level. In each workshop, the corresponding databases are formed when creating an automated control system. Among them:

* technological processes;

* Cooperative labor regulations;

* equipped;

* price tag for materials and semi-finished products;

* Planned information on nomenclature, quantity, timing, laboriousness and cost of parts manufactured by the workshop (products), calendar and planning standards for the production of production, etc.;

* Equipment (passport details, cost indicators, schedule planning and warning repairs);

* personnel (workers, employees, junior service personnel);

* Reference books (classifiers) for operations, details, equipment, profession;

* During the progress of production, obtained from the following documents: accompanying card, delivery invoice for interstitial and interdigital transmissions, marriage notifications, accounting overheads on finished products, accounting cards, accounts for billets, etc.;

* Regulatory information for economic calculations (the cost of basic materials, purchased semi-finished products, labor-intensity of parts manufacturing, main and additional salary, workshop costs), etc.

The machine-building profile enterprises use a wide spectrum computing: from macro and minivals used at enterprise management levels by its departments, to personal computer and microprocessor equipment used in the management of production and technological processes.

With a multi-level production management system in an IASU, endowed with a developed network computer, computing complexes (VC) are created in the workshops and production sites. Creating computing complexes allows:

* unload the computing power of the MC enterprise;

* focus on the workshop, the solution of all the tasks of economic management and production activities;

* increase the efficiency in obtaining source information on the results of the work of all divisions of the workshop;

* Provide real-scale production management

time;

* Enhance the level of management quality. The computational complex with a network of interconnected ARTONOMMAT in solving the task of managing the workshop and at the same time is associated with the MC of the enterprise to transmit synthesized information on the results of the workshop for the relevant communication channels. The creation of AWS relieves managerial personnel from the fulfillment of routine work on paperwork, settlement, releases time for more efficient creative activities.

The network network in each workshop is organized as a common in functional and informational relation. It covers all production, auxiliary sites, planned economic divisions, linear managers, conjugate with the computing complex of the workshop and has access to the MC of the enterprise. The number of arms in the network of the workshop depends on the nature and scale of production, the number of production sites.

To handle information on computer, software is created containing application packages, as well as systems of automated technological processes on special equipment and interaction of non-professional users with computers, database management systems. The set of application packages is determined depending on the type, degree of automation of production, the presence of the BZ, the archive of the database, from the power and bandwidth of the computer network and other factors. DBMS removes, adds, replaces old records to new, i.e. Wires database files as one whole and as a result represents an effective data processing tool stored on technical media.

Under these conditions, the organization of production management is focused on a sufficiently high degree of automation of planning and accounting work, characteristic of the functional divisions of workshops and enterprises, enterprises as a whole. The organization of production management at the level of the enterprise is carried out by the planning and economic and dispatching departments associated with the MC. Specialists of these divisions on the relevant AWPs in a dialogue with the computer of the enterprise are organized by the development of an enterprise manufacturing program, its economic rationale, distribution of workshops and, if necessary, appropriate adjustment. This type of work refers to the management function production program Enterprises and units, implementing, essentially, intersonic planning and regulation of production.

As a result of decentralized processing of planned accounting information, the functional units undergo quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition and maintenance of work.

Thus, information systems in the management of enterprise manufacturing processes play a huge role. Used to perform repeatedly repetitive calculations of management information systems, allow you to prepare the options for the relevant management solutions based on economic and mathematical methods and thereby ensure highly efficient production work.

Chapter 2. The production process management system at the enterprise Energetic LLC

2.1 Total H.acriterisus LLC." ENERGY" as an analysis object and its market position

In order to proceed to analyze the production management system of the enterprise selected for research, it is necessary to submit an object of study - Energetik LLC. The company is a successor of a limited liability partnership "Energetik" and formed on May 23, 1991. The founders of the Company are 8 individuals.

The Company is a legal entity and operates on the basis of the Charter and the Constituent Treaty, has its own property, an independent balance sheet and the current account. The property of the enterprise makes up its main funds and working capital, as well as other values, the cost of which is reflected in the enterprise's independent balance sheet.

The total number of employees of the organization is 50 people. The organizational structure of the enterprise linear-functional. Its advantage: a clear distribution of labor in management, competence of decisions made, the stability of the organization. Linearly functional structure is effective in solving repeating, unchanged for a long time tasks. However, it does not have the necessary flexibility and adaptability when new tasks occur.

We characterize the principles of building the organizational structure of LLC "Energetik".

Schematically, the organizational structure of Energetik LLC can be represented as follows (Fig. 5):

Figinsane5 . Organizational structure of OOO" ENERGY"

The company is headed by the director who organizes all the work of the enterprise and is fully responsible for its condition and activities before the state and the labor collective. The Director represents the company in all institutions and organizations, disposes of the property of the enterprise, concludes contracts, publishes orders to the enterprise, in accordance with the labor legislation accepts and dismisses employees, applies measures of encouragement and imposes recovery on enterprise employees, opens up an enterprise accounts in banks.

Deputy Director deals with the supply and sale of goods. Provides targeted and rational use of resources. Organizes operational monitoring of personnel, providing technical documentation, equipment and tools, materials, components, vehicles, lifting mechanisms. Coordinates the work of the departments of the enterprise. Engaged in promoting goods and services of society to the market.

The accounting organization is carried out by the accounting department headed by the Chief Accountant, which maintains accounting and tax accounting and reporting on the enterprise, maintaining accounting Policy, identification of intra-economic reserves, elimination of losses and non-production costs; ensuring the right and timely accrual and payment of wages, benefits; ensuring the correct and timely calculation and transfer of taxes and other payments; Ensuring the safety of accounting documents, ensuring timely execution of documents on economic operations.

The logistics department carries out the organization and accounting of material resources; Makes up established reports, interaction with suppliers and provides conditions for mechanization and automation of transport and warehouse movements.

2.2 Analysis of financial conditionenterprises

The financial condition of the enterprise is a comprehensive concept, which is characterized by the system of indicators reflecting the availability, placement and use of the company's financial resources. The financial condition is the result of the interaction of all elements of the system of financial relations of the enterprise and therefore is determined by the entire combination of production and economic factors.

One of the indicators of the financial condition of the enterprise is its financial stability. The task of financial stability is the assessment of the magnitude and structure of assets and liabilities. It is necessary to answer the questions: how much the company is independent of a financial point of view, the level of this independence is growing or declining and whether the condition of its assets and liabilities is responsible to the tasks of its financial and economic activities.

When analyzing the financial support of the company's assets, a number of indicators are calculated:

1. Profitability - one of the main cost qualitative indicators Production efficiency at the enterprise, in the association, in the industry as a whole, which characterizes the level of cost of the costs and the degree of use of funds in the production and sales process. Profitability reflects the degree of profitable work of the enterprise. Analysis of the profitability of the enterprise is to study the levels of profit for the attitude towards different indicators and their dynamics 11 See: Sheremet, A.D. Comprehensive analysis of economic activity [Text]: Textbook for universities. - M., 2008.S. 118.

Increased profitability for the company's team means strengthening the financial situation, and, consequently, an increase in the funds directed to the material incentives for their work is information about the results of the applicable tactics and strategies and the feasibility of its adjustment.

The profitability indicators are more fully rather than profit reflect the final results of the management, because their value shows the ratio of the effect with cash or resources used.

Checkback indicators can be combined into several groups:

Indicators characterizing the payback of production costs and investment projects;

Indicators characterizing the profitability of sales;

Indicators characterizing the profitability of capital and its parts.

All indicators can be calculated on the basis of carrying profit, profits from sales and net profit 11 See: Savitskaya G.V. Analysis of the economic activity of the enterprise. Minsk, 2007. P. 74.

For a more complete analysis of profitability, it is necessary to turn to the formulas below.

The value of profitability can be reflected using the formula:

where: R is profitability; P - profits; To - capital;

The total profitability of capital represents the attitude of the balance profit to the average for the reporting period the value of the entire property of the enterprise.

where: R O is the total profitability; P b - Balance Profit; K is the average chronological value of the value of the balance of the balance for the reporting period:

The economic profitability of net profit is the ratio of net profit to the average for the reporting period the value of the entire property of the enterprise.

where: r e is economic profitability for net profit; R ch - net profit.

The financial profitability of net profit is the ratio of net profit to the average for the reporting period of equity.

where: R f - financial profitability for net profit; To C is the average value of equity due to the reporting period.

The total profitability of production assets (manufacturing property) is the ratio of the balance sheet profit to the average for the reporting period the value of the main production assets, intangible assets and reserves 1 1, see: Marcaryan, E.A. Financial analysis [Text]: Tutorial. - 6th ed., Pererab. / E.A. Marcaryan. - M.: Knorus, 2007. - P. 136.

where: R O / F is the total profitability of production assets; F OP environments - the average value of the magnitude of the main production assets during the reporting period; On medium - the average value of intangible assets during the reporting period; E media - the average value of reserves during the reporting period.

The total profitability of capital by calculation by the formula. At the same time, for the average chronological value of the value of the balance of the balance during the reporting period, we will take the value of the balance currency at the end of the relevant period due to the lack of sufficient information:

Profitability overall in 2008 \u003d 3040/2530850 * 100% \u003d 0.1;

Profitability Common in 2007 \u003d 1856/2579591 * 100% \u003d 0.07

Thus, the calculations have shown that the total capital profitability in 2008 increased by 0.03 compared with 2007. An increase in capital profitability in 2008 was an increase in the magnitude of the company's profits, the decline in the total value of the property of the enterprise influenced the increase in this indicator.

Financial profitability of net profit is determined by the formula. In the calculation presented below, the value of equity values \u200b\u200bfor the reporting period is adopted by the value of equity at the end of the fiscal year.

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The source base for the implementation of management impacts and the basis for designing the organizational structure is rationally distributed and interconnected control functions and space. They characterize the separation and specialization of labor in the field of management and determine the main stages of implementing management impacts on the relationship of people in the process of production and economic activities. The main functions of the production process are the following.

1. Organization, i.e., creating or improving an object or system. Under the organization, you can understand the compound of interconnected actions in a logical sequence so as to achieve the intended result with the lowest costs. The organization of production and management system are closely connected. Improving the organization of production requires new, more adequate management systems, and on the contrary, their implementation involves improving the organization of production. The function of the organization relates both to the production and management of the enterprise as a whole and to separate production links and performers.

2. rationing, i.e., the process of developing scientifically based values \u200b\u200bestablishing a quantitative and high-quality measure of various elements used in the production and management process. This feature streams the development and implementation of production tasks, provides a uniform and rhythmic course of production. The normalization function at the enterprise is implemented through the development and use of various regulatory documents.

3. Planning - drawing up a program of concrete actions to achieve the intended goals and bring it to production units and specific performers. The basis for solving planning tasks is the technical and economic indicators of the company's work as a whole and its structural links, calendar and planned motions of production, resource support, etc.

4. Coordination - ensuring the agreed and coordinated work of the production and functional divisions of the enterprise.

5. Control - identification, generalization, analysis and evaluation of the results of production and economic activity of the enterprise, identifying deviations from planned indicators and bringing information to managers of divisions and functional services in order to prepare management decisions.

6. Regulation - the adoption of operational measures to eliminate the detected deviations from the planned results and the course of the manufacturing process.

The listed control functions complement each other. In aggregate and interrelations, they form the appropriate type of production process management.

The activities of the enterprise of any industry of the national economy include the implementation of the following functions: marketing, strategic planning, accounting, financial and economic planning and management, personnel management, etc. These general functions constitute the main "enterprise" management blocks.

The organizational structure is characterized by a certain composition, subordination of production units and control units that perform the relevant functions, organizing management work on the basis of the use of funds for computing and office equipment and modern management technologies.

1. Osn. Laws, concise, principles of organizing

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4. Si-Ma Emerson. Posted by 12 Pros-OR-NEA-type pricing: the accuracy of the formulated goal, the approach from the position of common sense, competence of consultation, the disc, on, fair attitude towards personnel, fast and accurate accounting, dispatching, norms and schedules, normalization of conditions, in which the best results are achieved, the rationing of operations, the availability of instructions, ROSG-IE Slave

5. The Si-Ma of Manager is the correspondence of people in the organizational structure.

6. SI-MA Weber - the ideal type of administrator - this is the time-type standards, cat. Worker acts.

7. SI-MA MEYO is a SIS-Ma man-ki.

8. Empirical Si-Ma is a collection of info and once-tip Recommendation.

9. New school - the desire to administer the accurate science.

OSN-ESR Scientific Org Pros and Labor

1. Zn on a naughty trailed communication. If there are departments depending on one of the other, the largest output will depend on the greatest magnitude of the weaker department, no matter how strong the main departments are.

2. Zen mutual closure - the main pr-vo is selected the utility pr-va, working on the main pr-in and on each other, and in the case of their excess - to the side.

3. Zn rhythm. This law requires compliance with certain periods of application of periodically existing constant

4. Zn Parliament and last work. It requires that private processes and work work in parallel and at the same time so that the general end result has been reached in scheduled time.

5. Zn Front of work. The front of the work should be proportional to the load, i.e. You do not need to put two people where one can cope with the work.

6. Zn real conditions. Goals should be achievable in organizing any case, take into account the surrounding external conditions and real needs.

The onset of End-AI in Russia

1. Conmane Org is the author - Bogdanov). He proposed the basic principles of science on the laws of the Organization operating in the technique (organization of things), the economy (organization of people), politics (organization of ideas) and declared the need for their systemic study. He considered the organization abstractly, out of close relations with the socio-economic side of people, believing that the latter is fully determined by the technique.

2. Zn org-th sum, the cat is more than the arithm amount of its forces. If all real personal elements of production are harmoniously combined and strengthen each other.

3. The principle of ideological optimum author is Yermansky). He formulated the prerequisites for the theory of labor organization and rationalization of management, as an independent scientific direction, tilling them with the emergence of certain technical and economic conditions and, above all, with the advent of large machine. Eermansky formulated the subject of science on the organization of labor and management, which was based on the idea of \u200b\u200bthe optimal use of all types of energy and factors. He developed the law of an organizational amount, which is more than the arithmetic amount of the components of its forces. But this is possible only when all real personal elements of the pr-va are harmoniously combined and strengthen each other.

4. Kon-I a narrow base (gastem) Its essence is that all the work on the scientific organization of labor and management must be started with a separate person, regardless of the position held by him (ordinary or leader). The concept of labor plants was developed, composite elements of which are the theory of labor movements in the Pros-ve, organization of the workplace, management processes and the methodology of rational production learning.

5. Con-IT Labor Installations (Gastev)

6. Kon-I have a process of process management. (Razmovich)

All of the above belongs to the con-and organ-no-technolog ego.

To the Soc-M Kon-yam, Express:

1. Theory of Org-oh deat (kergents). He highlighted 3 objects in the scientific organization of labor: work, pr-in and management. Under the scientific organization of the Office, he understood the study of organizational techniques and determining the most rational methods of management actions (the formation of organizational structures; distribution, planning, accounting, selection and use of personnel; maintenance of discipline).

2. Con-Social Labor Execution. (Witte)

3. The theory of administrative container. (Dunaevsky)

4. The theory of technical and cybernetic Exhibitions.

The scientific foundations committed the Organization of the UP-IA common pro-in

The organization of labor and pr-tv Zakzu:

1. In the racial layout, the slave. SOTOR-AI SOTAL SHEM PONT

2. In mapping the part with an operation operation

3. In reducing break time

4. In the acceleration of the arence of the MEH and AUTOMA

5. In the work of the work of the transp-th hoz-va

6. In the Org-AI preparatory shift

7. In the introduction of replaceable labor and org production on the hourly schedule

8. In the Immortion and Organization, the maintenance of the poverty host

9. In the introduction of a parallel and mixed method of transmitting the part

10. In the application of the flow M-yes, the details

11. In the ODR-AI, the most rapid order of launch details

12. RESERVATION OF THE LEVEL OF SPECIATION OF SWIMES

13. Socio-E lengths of all email cycles improves technical and econ. Poster's work before.

Types and objectives of machine-building production associations

Chapters of pric associations:

1. Demo-E and Rask-E Prospect, 2. Widespread exposure to science and technology., 3. We are high. Quantity Prospects, 4. Development of the new new. Prom, 5. RED. Labor Production, 6. Increase EF-TIP VA, 7. RATS-NEMA OF CAPIT-X investments, 8. Commissioning, mastering and use of production capacity, 9. The discrepancies of the plan and contractual obligations for supply, 10. Permanent management commitment, 11. Application of ek-co-mat-ki ms in UPR-AI Prospect, 12. Acceleration of NTP

1. By degree of self-type: 1.1. Communication, in the cat. Pr-Tiya retain the host of Juru Salf. 1.2. Do not preserve sensesty 1.3. Mixed volume

2. By latitude integration: 2.1. Commons having one Stage 2.2. Commons having the stage "Pro-E" 2.3. The union having the stage "Pr-in" 2.4. Communion having the stage "Research and project" 2.5. I have the volume of the stage "Pro-E and Izh-E 2.6. Communication with all stages (build-on aircraft)

3. In the heads from the MACC-B and forms of industries integration

3.1. Inter-sectoile 3.2. Sectoral

3.3.The NTuriotravoye

5. In the head of the centralization of the F-JD-IA: 5.1. With a separate apparatus of UPR-Iia 5.2. Explosion of the head of the head Prospect 5.3. Mixed

Types of M / th arms and their tasks

GL Ass mi in Yavl .: 1. The breakdown and rashes, 2. Widespread exposure to science and technology., 3. We have a high. Quantity Prospects, 4. Development of the new new. Prom, 5. RED. Labor Production, 6. Increase EF-TIP VA, 7. RATS-NEMA OF CAPIT-X investments, 8. Commissioning, mastering and use of production capacity, 9. The discrepancies of the plan and contractual obligations for supply, 10. Permanent management commitment, 11. Application of ek-co-mat-ki ms in UPR-AI Prospect, 12. Acceleration of NTP

Types of machine-building industrial associations

1. According to the degree of self-ti: 1.1. Beaded, in the cat. Pr-Tiya retain the host of Juru Salf. 1.2. Do not preserve sensesty 1.3. Mixed volume

2. By the latitude of integration: 2.1. Over-I having one Stage 2.2. The one has a "project" stage 2.3. The union having the stage "Pr-in" 2.4. Communion having the stage "Research and project" 2.5. I have the volume of the stage "Pro-E and Izh-E 2.6.Ad-E having all stages (build-on aircraft)

3. In the heads from the MACC-B and forms of industries: 3.1. Mouth-seated 3.2. Sectoral

3.3.The NTuriotravoye

4. Scales of the Department: 4.1. International 4.2. Community 4.3. territorial

5. In the head of the centralization of the F-JD-IA: 5.1. With a separate apparatus of UPR-Iia 5.2.UPR-NI / s apparatus of the head Prospect 5.3. Mixed

6. In terms of Har-Ru Specialization, the production volume is a difference: 6.1. The combination of head factories with branches 6.2. Complexes of industrial plants

6.3. Territorial sectoral complexes.

Harm Har-ko commodity: the most important dock, Har-it is the possibilities of the Yav-I passport a passport of the production.

It indicates:

1. 1.1 Name 1.2 Subordination 1.3 Composition 1.4 Location 1.5 Banking and transport details

2. Data on capacity and its extension

3. The volume of pricing in a moan and natural dimension

4. Types of profiling pricing

5. The complexity of the ottis

6. Data on the stat and their structure

7. The volume of the cap. Attachments and whether the harbor of

8. Data on consumer raw materials

9. Commercial indicators of the number of workers, slave controls, etc.

10. Foundation Z / PL. Total staff and regulations. for 1 rub. Product

11. Data on Balance Profit from the sale of finished products

12. Z-you for 1 rub. Tov. Pr-Ii

13. S / ST. types of prcription

14. Operation of OB-CP-in

15. Data on the presence of growth and labor

16. Data on the availability of wastewater treatment facilities

Forms of the body. societies. Pr-TV and Osn. Har-ki Presners

1. The concentration is the process of the PR-TD-TDC process on increasingly large pre-ours. It is divided into:

1.1. Absolute - Har is the dimensions of the pr-va of individual pr-ie

1.2. Relative is an increase in the share of large pr-i in the amount of individual industries

1.3. Aggregate - an increase in the volume of the pr-truth in the workplace without increasing the number due to the introduction of the progress-th tehnol-th Obror

1.4. Tehnol-Aya - it carried out the sizes of the Tham-Ki homogeneous subdrade-yy

1.5. Factory - an increase in the size of the pr-ia, due to the growth of the sizes of homogeneous pr-TV

The Efford of Con-AI consists in reducing the costs of pr-in proc.

2. SPE. Yavl EF-OI shape of the general divination. OSN. The goal is to increase labor production.

2.1. Sectoral - OPR-SIA in the secto-ii of their subproduces, cat. The OPR-Ui PR-JU and the Har-Sia of the Goods between the Prospects of this industry.

2.2. Factory - concentration of deet-type deeds on the production of OPR-oh pr-ii or on the issuance of certain types of work.

2.3. Intrazavodskaya - the neighborhood of individual workshops, accounting and slave. places on the voluntary of the OPR-X technological operations or groups of operations, on the cat. The process of the IZG-IA Pr-Ii.

Subsection specials - covers any type of completed pr-II (aut-Li, machines, turbines, tractors). The subject specialist pr-ia is accompanied by the deepening and inside the procya, where special sets or branches are created.

- the subject-nodular - Har-Xa of the OMT-Ω of the nodes or part of the pr-AI, the cat is posted on the PR-ia of the subject special-AI for the setting of the AP type.

- technological - Har-on for the pr-ie, their matters, the semi-end and the separation of the re-Tekhnol-Ie operas. To them, the plants on the pr-Wu billets are 9patam, forgings, rolling, castings), as well as welded metal-constructions, cat. Java isch-m mat-M for m / n and repair processes.

Indicators of the Special II level:

1. Differentiation degree

2. The share of the production of the product. Special industry in general V of this type of product

3. UDVES OSN. Pr-ii in the general V production of the industry

4. Number of types of products with one enterprise

P-Li Ek-oh Ef-Tre Va:

1. ORD-IE of the total cost of pro-and delivery.

2.Cap. Attachments Needless for Special

3. Payback period

Conditional and annual savings in connection with the special II:

EG \u003d ((C 1 + T 1) - (from 2 + t 2)) * in 2

Where, with 1 - s / b editions of products to special

T 1 - Tranny expenses for the ED-CSU pr-ii to special

C 2 - C / B editions Prod-AI after special

T 2 - Trans-yields on the ED-CSU after Special-AI

In 2 - annual Vchod-ii after special

Current \u003d kc / eg

Where, current - payback period

COP - Capy Attachments, Software with Special

3. COOPERING - PRESENT IMPLEMENTATION OF PR-IU, ITS IN THE JOINT OF THE COME OF PROGY

3.1. Subject (related enterprises) - type of proclary ties when the head factory vol-siz complex pr-ju gets from DR Pr-Ii ready aggregates 9motors, generators, pumps, compressors)

3.2. Detail - Har-Smi bonds when the procnia sedresses are post-tent headpary details and nodes for the release of finished pr-ii (carburetors, radiators, pistons, trees, sleeves, gears)

3.3. Technological - supply of semi-fps (castings, stamping, forgings, rolled) or discharges of teeth-levels of the operations of communication with the Obra-oh-ours.

Ur-ny COP-Iia Har-Soni Pok mi: 1. Coop-t cooque - it's UD. weight. Coop products in the total stubby vol. pr-ii.; 2. Skip-in the pr-siels; 3.Sotypes of nutritional and interdistrict supplies; 4. - // - and intersectoral supplies; 5. Finnish, petal, technical cooperation in common coopers. 6. The average radius of the co-ia from the industry as a whole in the industry.

4. Combination - a compound in one pr-ii of the varietary pr-trials in the technical and ek-oh and technological head

4.1. Comb-e on the basis of subsequent stages of processing (combines: weaving pr-in, dye)

4.2. Comb-ie on the basis of an integrated island of raw materials (RTI of rubber is traveled different ed - me)

4.3. Comb-E on the basis of the waste of waste

Indicators Comb-Ia:

1. Walk-in industrial production in the plant

2.V-we are a specific entrance

3. The number of products received from the EDC of the EASC of raw materials.

Warred process and ms of his orgement

The pronounced process (PP) is the owl of the mutual percentage of labor and the effects of observation of the OPR-NOP-NOCI.

OSN-E principles of Org-AI PP:

1. Spec-ia is based on the division of labor The principle of specials is embodied in the creation of special flow lines, intended for the arrows of one destroying for this line from a yi or several technologies of related ed-Xi .

2. Standardization - the procedure for the establishment and adoption of the Rules in order to streamline the children -ta in the oprosh region for the benefit and with the participation of all stakeholders.

3. The proportionality of PP - the organization of production involves the correspondence of the capacity (relative performance per unit of time) of all divisions of the enterprise - workshops, sites, individual jobs for the production of finished products. The proportionality of production eliminates the overload of some sections, i.e. the emergence of "bottlenecks", and under use of capacity in other links, is a prerequisite for the uniform operation of the enterprise and ensures the uninterrupted course of production.

4. The principle of continuity - manifests itself in the form of a continuous (without inter-operational layering) of movement and parts for operations with continuous operation of workers and oborces.

5. P. Rhythmic (at equal periods of time) - Harm Rhythmic Release Proc. And the rhythmic repetition of all one-pactions on each of its slave. place.

6. P. Directochiness (passing each operation in a specific post) - it is planned to place the oborce and slave. places in the order of the operator of the technolog process. Directionfulness providing the shortest way of movement of the output in production.

7. P. parallelism - it provides a parallel movement of the ed, with a cat. They are transmitted on operations individually or small transponder parties.

8. P.Conceration

9. P. Differentiation

10. P. Automation

11. P. Flexibility - Fast Release All

12. P. Combination

Therefore, it happens:

1. Dismemberment of PP 2. ORT-IE of the ORD order of movement of labor items. 3. Removing oborctions in accordance with those. Process 4. Strict adherence to the eliminational technological processes 5. Operational hand and monitoring and monitoring of existence of PP 6. Distribution of measures for the ARG-II Pros. All this leads to the effectiveness of PP.

Calculation of individual principles of rational organization:

1. Cooph. Specialization: CS \u003d CDO / m

KDO - Number of parts - operations being processed into the contract. Division for the analyzed time interval

M - Number of workplaces in this subdivision

2.KEF. Propalcyality:

CRC \u003d CC / MN

CIS - Equipment Perfect

MN - production line power

3. COEF. Parallelism:

Capal \u003d Pip / Vpos

VPAP - the time of the technological cycle with parallel motion

VNOS - the time of the technological cycle in the consistent form of the part of the part

4. Cooph. Uniformity:

Kravn \u003d 1 - COP / PZ

Cells - the sum of absolute deviations

PZ is a smaller duration of the plan

5. Cooph. Continuity:

Knepr \u003d For / PPR

ABOUT - TIME OF BUILTS

PPR - the duration of all PP

Firms in order to achieve the minimum level of stocks in the process of control over all stages of the production process. MRR II systems are an effective tool for intra-profit planning, allowing to implement in practice the logistics concept of integrating the functional areas of business in managing material flows. The advantage of MRR II systems before MRR I is ...

Each other. The interaction of the management system of such production with personnel, in addition to issuing information to the system, data entry and policy guidelines also involve. Management of the production process and the change in its flow at the request of personnel can be carried out by making changes to the administration of intracomputer arrays. Application of computing equipment on ...

Specializations that produce individual parts of parts or individual details. 2.1. Basic and auxiliary production. Depending on which product is the result of production, production processes are divided into basic, auxiliary and servicing. The central place in this totality occupies the main production process, as a result of which the original ...

Single-minded works performed at each workplace, as well as the use of fast equipment (machines with software control), copying machines, etc. One of the prerequisites for the continuity of production is the direct accuracy in the organization of the production process, which is the provision of the shortest way to pass the product of all stages and operations ...

Production processes have a decisive effect on product quality. Manufacturing process represents a set of interrelated resources and activities from the moment of receipt of material resources before sending finished products to the consumer. Production process management - This is an activity aimed at ensuring the production of the products of the required quality in the planned volume and with the minimum possible costs and losses.

All materials and accessories introduced into the production process must comply with the requirements established in design and technological documentation or special terms of the contract. Evaluation of the quality of materials and components is carried out by conducting input control. When organizing such control in the enterprise, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the technical and methodological, but also economic aspects. To do this, it is necessary to investigate and establish the ratio of material, labor, financial and other costs of conducting input control with possible losses in production when launching low-quality materials or components.

In the process of production, it should be properly stored, sorting, transporting and preserved materials and components to preserve their functional suitability. Special attention is paid to the control of stability. technical characteristics Material resources and periodic assessment of the necessary reserves. The number of tests and control checks required to manage the production process may depend on the effect of inconsistencies on the subsequent stages of the process.

An important place in the management of the manufacturing process is occupied by equipment. According to ISO requirements, all equipment, including stationary mechanisms, assembly devices, stands, technological equipment, templates, calibers and other measuring tools should be checked for accuracy (matching rates) to their use. Particular attention is recommended to devote to the computer used to manage processes and maintenance of software. In the intervals between operation, the equipment should be stored in appropriate conditions, i.e., to have sufficient security from various kinds of external influences, to be checked, including re-at certain time intervals to ensure the requirements of reliability and accuracy. The stability of the production process is provided by the program of warning maintenance of equipment.

Production process management requires periodic control and regulation of its parameters, including the use of statistical methods.

When organizing the management of the production process, the circle of persons authorizing changes to technology is clearly defined (if necessary, such changes are coordinated with the customer). As in the case of a change in the project, all changes in equipment, equipment, materials, industrial environments, etc. are documented and configured to stakeholders. Changes are carried out according to a certain procedure. After any change, the products are again sharing for compliance with the established requirements.