Rabindranat Tagore (Beng. May 7, 1861 - 7 August 1941- Indian writer, poet, composer, artist, public figure. His work has formed literature and music of Bengal. He became the first among non-European, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature (1913).
I do not remember moments when I first crossed the threshold of this life.
What a power forced me to reveal in this great mystery, like a forest kidney at midnight.
When I saw the light in the morning, I felt right away that I was not someone else's in this world, that an unknown, who does not know the name, nor the image took me into an embrace in the image of my mother.
Also, in the hour of death, this unknown will appear as a long-standing slave. And because I love life, I know that I love death.
Door solvent;
Let my sink in the blue sky,
Let the smells of flowers penetrate here,
And the light of the rays of the initial
Fill the body, each will be alkal.
I'm alive! - Let it hear this word again
In foliage that Sussestit.
And this is the morning
Let him cover the soul to the soul,
Like young green meadows.
I feel in this sky
Mute Love language,
Which in my rear life.
In her water I will accomplish my wash.
I feel the truth of life with a necklace
On infinite blue
Heaven ...
Rabindranat Tagore (Anna Akhmatova Translation)
Tagore began writing poems at the age of eight years. At sixteen, he wrote the first novels and dramas, published his poetic samples under the pseudonym Sunny Lion (Beng. BH; Nusi; HA). Having gained education impregnated with humanism and love for his homeland, Tagore advised the independence of India. They were organized by the University of Vishva Bharati and the Institute for the Reconstruction of Agriculture. Poems of the Tagora today are the hymns of India and Bangladesh.
The work of Rabindranat Tagora includes lyrical works, essays and novels on political and social topics. His most famous works are "Gitanjali" (sacrificial chants), "Mountain" and "House and Peace" - are examples of lyricism, spoken style, naturalism and contemplation in the literature.
Rabindranat Tagore, Junior from Debendranatha Tagora (1817-1905) and Characters Devi (1830-1875), was born in the estate of Jorasanko Thakur Bari (North Calcutta). Tagorov was very ancient and among his ancestors there were founders of Religion Adi Dharma (English) Russian .. Father, being Brahman, often made pilgrimage to the holy places of India. Mother, Sharid Devi, died when Tagora was 14 years old.
The Tagorov family was very famous. The Tagora was major zamindars (landowners), their house was visited by many outstanding writers, musicians and public figures. The elder brother of Rabindranat Dvizhendranath was a mathematician, a poet and a musician, the middle brothers Didhendranat and Jothirindranat, were famous philosophers, poets and playwrights. The nephew of Rabindranat Oboronnendranat became one of the founders of the School of Modern Bengal Painting.
In five years, Rabindranat was given to the eastern seminary, and subsequently transferred to the so-called normal school, which was distinguished by a statement discipline and a shallow level of education. Therefore, Taggore loved the walks along the estates and surroundings than school classes. Upon completion of the rite is dropped at 11 years old, Tagore left Calcutta on February 14, 1873 and traveled with his father for several months. They visited the family estate in Chantinichentan (English) Russian. And stopped in Amritsar. Young Rabindranat received a good home education studying history, arithmetic, geometry, languages \u200b\u200b(in particular English and Sanskrit) and other subjects, met the creativity of Kalidas. In the "Memoirs" Tagore noted:
"Our spiritual education went successfully because we studied in childhood in Bengali ... Despite the fact that they strongly told about the need for English upbringing, my brother was solid enough to give us" Bengal ". "
Perspective young barrister Tagore entered the public school in Brighton (East Sussex, England) in 1878. Initially, he stopped for several months in a house near Brighton and How, who belonged to the Tagorov family. A year earlier, nephews joined him - Suren and Indira, children of his brother Saturendranath (English) Russian. - Arounded with your mother. Rabindranat studied the right at the University College of London, but soon left him for the study of literature: "Coriolian" and "Anthony and Cleopatra" Shakespeare, Religio Medici (English) Russian. Thomas Brown and others. He returned to Bengal in 1880 and without receiving degrees. However, this acquaintance with England later manifested itself in his acquaintance with the traditions of Bengal music, allowing you to create new images in music, poetry and drama. But Tagore in his lives and creativity so never fully accepted neither criticism of Britain neither strict family traditions based on the experience of Hinduism instead absorbing the best of these two cultures.
On December 9, 1883, Rabindranat married Mrinalini Devi (Ur. Bhabatarini, 1873-1902). Mrinalini like Rabindranat
There was a Bhmani-piral family. They had five children: daughters Madchurilalate (1886-1918), Renuka (1890-1904), peace (1892-?), And sons Ratchinendanth (1888-1961) and Sammidranath (1894-1907). In 1890, the Tagora was entrusted with a huge estate in Shilaidach (English) Russian. (Now part of Bangladesh). The wife and children joined him in 1898.
"We live in this world only when we love it."
"Touching, we can kill; Alive, we can own."
"We know a person not by what he knows, but by what he rejoices."
"What a huge difference between the wonderful, free, unheated world of nature, so calm, quiet and incomprehensible, and our everyday bustle, with her insignificant sorrowful alarms and disputes."
...............
Water in a vessel is transparent. Water in the sea is dark. Little truths have clear words; The Great Truth is a great silence.
"Your sunlight smiles in winter days of my heart, no moment doubting in the return of his spring colors."
"Lying will never be able to grow in the truth, growing in force."
"Not blows of the hammer, and the water dance brings the pebbles to perfection."
"To be frank easily when you are not going to speak the whole truth."
"Focusing in pleasure, we cease to feel any pleasure."
"The truth river proceeds through the links of delusions."
"Scientists say that the real day will begin when you go out," said Svetlyk Stars. Stars answered nothing.
"The grass is looking on the ground the crowd itself like this; the tree is looking for his loneliness in the sky."
"The main thing that life teaches life is not the fact that there is suffering in the world, and the fact that he depends on him, will he turn to his senses to be good, will he turn him into joy."
"War where brother is rebeling to brother,
Almighty will curse the stock edge. "
"Dark clouds turn into heavenly flowers when light kisses them."
"In the beams of the moon, you are going to my love letters to me," the sun told the night.
- I will leave my answers - tears on the grass. "
"You are a big drop of dew under the lotus sheet, and I am a little droplet on his upper side," said Rosinka Lake. "
"I lost my ROSInka," the flower complains the morning sky, which lost all his stars ...
"If you do not see the sun, do not cry - because of the tears you will not see the stars."
(I cry at night on the sun, you do not notice the stars.)
"Stars are not afraid that they will be taken for fireflies."
"I have stars in the sky ... But I am so longing in a small lamp, not burning in my house."
"When some religion has a claim to force all of humanity to take her doctrine, it becomes tyranny."
"When the hearts are full of love and fight only from meeting to separation, enough and light hint to understand each other."
"The man is worse than the beast when he is a beast."
............
"Every child born is the news that God has not yet been disappointed in people."
"Of course, I could do without flowers, but they help me to keep respect for themselves, for they prove that I do not bust the hands and legs of everyday concerns. They are evidence of my freedom."
"I asked the tree:" Tell me about God. "
And it bloated. "
Rabindranat Tagore - famous Indian poet, writer, playwright, artist, philosopher and public figure. This man left an indelible mark in the hearts of many generations not only by the people of India, but also people of all countries of the world. He was born in a very rich family of people who tend to art. All his brothers and sisters also contributed to various art spheres. The wife of Rabindranat Tagora, as well as two of his children died at a young age.
Rabindranat Tagore since childhood was looking for the meaning of life. Once his gaze fell to the shot from the book, the Schloki page (this is the Sanskrit epic verse) that God is a source of happiness, and that a person should not strive for material benefits and wealth to comprehend the truth. This case served as an inspiring factor for the literary activity of the Tagore. It is believed that in the middle of life on the poet there was a spiritual enlightenment.
In 1905, Rabindranat Tagore brought the fame of India, becoming the first non-European laureate of the Nobel Prize. His most famous literary work is called "Gitanjali" (sacrificial chants "). Later, when he traveled around the world, including China and Russia, he met with great personalities, such as Mahatma Gandhi, with whom he had a lot of common, despite some, let superficial, disagreements in nationalism, cultural exchange, patriotism, economics and etc. The poet tied 40-year-old friendship with Javaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of India, who had the honorary title of Pandit (scientist). The dialogue between Albert Einstein and Rabindranat Tagore is based on the book on the philosophy of higher matters called "On the nature of reality". Rabindranat Tagore is also the author of the National Anthem of India, and his song "Amar Sonar Bangla" has become the national anthem of Bangladesh. In 1918, he founded the University of Visya-Bharati, using his premium money. In this educational institution, training is conducted on the system of an individual approach to each student.
In addition to his literary activities, Rabindranat Tagore managed his family estates, thereby approaching the people and learning about his needs and needs. Subsequently, he became a key figure in Bengal Renaissance. He began his path with a poet-romantic, and turned into a guide star of people from a wide range of society.
Below are some of its poems and aphorisms.
The life of precious
I know - I see it once an end comes.
For centuries, my heavy last dream will fall.
And the night, as always, will come, and in bright rays shine
In the wokeering Universe, the morning will come again.
Life game will continue, noisy, as always,
Under each roof, joy or trouble will appear.
Today I look with such thoughts on the world of earth,
Greedy curiosity today owns me.
Nowhere nothing insignificant see my eyes,
It seems to me invaluity every fading of the earth.
The heart of any small road and need
The soul is useless - no, anyway, prices!
I need everything I had, and everything that did not have,
And that rejected once that I did not know how to see.
V.Tushnova Translation
Almounts
Everywhere reigns the last trouble.
She filled the whole world with sobbing,
Everything flooded like water, suffering.
And zipper medium clouds - like a furrow.
Through the thunder does not want to grind thunder,
Madman wild and again laughs
Unrestrained, not going shame.
Everywhere reigns the last trouble.
Rampant death life is drunk now
MiG came - and you check yourself.
Give her everything, give her everything,
And do not look in despair back,
And nothing more is Tai
Leaning the head to the Earth.
People left the trail.
Everywhere reigns the last trouble.
The road should choose us now:
Your fite of your fire went out,
The house was lost in the pitchfrake,
Bury the storm inside, raging in it,
The building is shocked to the base.
Surely you do not hear a loud call
Your country floating to nowhere?
Everywhere reigns the last trouble.
Shake! And stop unnecessary crying!
From horror, your face is not hung!
Do not commemorate the edge of the sari on the eyes.
Why in your soul of your thunderstorm?
Still your gate on constipation?
Long castle! Get away! Disappeared soon
And joy and sorrow forever.
Everywhere reigns the last trouble.
Does your voice hide a bastard?
Surely in a dance, in Grozny Kolyany
Bracelets on the legs not to sound?
Game that you wear seal, -
Same fate. Forget what was before!
In the bloody-red come with clothes,
How did you come by a bride then.
Everywhere, everywhere - the last trouble.
Translation A. Akhmatova.
Oh, I know, will pass
My days will pass
And in some year forever sometimes
Sweatful sun, saying goodbye to me,
Smile to me sad
In one of the last minutes.
There will be a flute to sound long on the road,
Will peacefully graze near the Wolder Crew
Will run a child at home
Birds of songs will lead their own.
And the days will pass, my days will pass.
I ask one thing
About one begging I:
Let me find out before leaving,
Why was I created,
For which I called me
Green earth?
Why did I forced the night silence
Listen to star speeches sound
Why, why worried
The shower of the shine of the day?
That's what I feel about.
When my days will pass,
Earthly end
I want my song to end,
So that a clear, sonorous note was crowned.
To life brings fruit,
Like a flower
I want that in the radiance of the life of this
I saw your appearance light,
So that the wreath is mine
Watch you I could
When the term is completed.
Translation V. Tushnova
Oh, the unity of the mind, the Spirit and the Barren flesh!
The mystery of life, which is in the eternal cycle.
From century is not interrupted, filled fire,
In the sky game Magic Star Nights and Day.
The universe embodies their anxiety in the oceans,
In the cliffs of steep - severity, tenderness - in zory
Brown.
Plexusion of existences moving everywhere,
Everyone feels like magic and a miracle.
In the soul sometimes rushes unknown waves
oscillations
Each in itself accommodates the eternal universe.
Bed joining with Lord and Creator,
The throne of the deity is immortal I wear my heart.
Oh, beauty is infinite! Oh, king of the earth and heaven!
I created to you, as the most wonderful of miracles.
Translation N.Stefanovich
Indian, you can't sell your pride,
Let bragash look at you!
He arrived from the West to this edge, -
But you do not remove the scarf.
Firmly go dear
Do not listen to false, empty speeches.
Treasures hidden in your heart,
Decently decorate humble house,
The crown of invisible willow
The dominion of gold sow evil,
There is no bordered luxury
But you do not confuse, do not fall NIC!
Your poverty will be rich -
Peace and freedom of spirit are painted.
Translation N.Stefanovich
RENUNCIATION
In the late hour, wished to renounced the world
said:
"Today I will leave God, I became my home for my burden.
Who kept my witchcraft in the threshold? "
God told him: "I". Man did not hear him.
In front of him in bed, in a dream, a serenely breathing,
A young wife pressed to the baby's chest.
"Who are they - Maja?" - asked man.
God told him: "I". Nothing heard man.
Wisted from the world to go up and shouted: "Where are you
deity?"
God told him: "Here." Man did not hear him.
The child was called, cried in a dream, Zavdoyal.
God said: "Return." But no one heard him.
God sighed and exclaimed: "Alas! As you wish,
let be.
Only where you find me if I stay here. "
V.Tushnova Translation
To civilization
Forest to us. Take your city, full noise and smoky MGLL.
Take your stone, iron, fallen trunks.
Modern civilization! Soul devour!
Return us shadow and coolness in the sacred forest silence.
These bathana evening, over the river sunset light,
Cows of grazing herds, quiet songs of the Veda,
Burning grains, herbs, from the cortex of clothing Vernel
Talk about the great truths that we always led in the soul
These days, that we spent, in thought are immersed.
Even the royal pleasures in your prison is not needed.
I want freedom. I want to feel again that I'm flying,
To returned the strength in my heart, I want.
Know I want to be broken by shackles, I want to rebuild chains.
The eternal thrill of the heart of the universe I want to feel again.
V.Tushnova Translation
I, like insane, in the forests of circulation.
As a musky deer, I do not find
Okay, the smell of his persecuted.
Oh, the night of Falhong! - Everything passes by:
And the Southern Wind, and Spring Duram.
What is the goal of me in MGL manila? ..
And the desire of the chest escaped.
Then rushing far ahead
It grows unearformen
Then the night mirage is spinning around me.
Now the whole world is my worst drunk,
And I do not remember that I was drunk ...
What I strive - madness and deception,
And what is given itself, I'm not cute.
Alas, my sweater went crazy:
Saming itself, buffels itself,
Furady sounds crazy.
I catch them, I stretch my hands ...
But the dimensional system is not insane.
By the sea sounds, I am sick without fed ...
What I strive - madness and deception,
And what is given itself, I'm not cute.
Translation V.Markova
"How do I understand - about the sea - your speech?"
One question I will definitely ask. "
"What does it mean - about the mountain - your silence?"
"The meaning of it is in the non-try."
"At least bitter trouble - be, soul, firm,
Eternal call made
Wait your fear, and fall into dust
Earth's burden.
"You are mine," the world told the world.
The world turned the throne into the dungeon.
Love said to the world: "I am yours."
The world became her free house. "
"You're not," I once asked the fate, -
Pushe me so ruthless in your back? "
She stuck with a smile of evil:
"You are driven by your being."
Arrow fished: "Free I, like a bird.
And the bow is my owner - in captivity languishing. "
But onions grinned: "Remember, arrow:
You will gain the will in my capture. "
Aphorisms R. Tagora
"The Great goes with small without fear, the average keeps on the side."
"Sparrow regrettty Peacock for the fact that he has such a heavy tail."
"Stars are not afraid that they will be taken for Svetlykov."
"- Who is there to continue my business?" Asked the setting sun.
"I will do everything, Lord," the clay lamp replied. "
"People are cruel, but a good man."
"The world kissed my soul with suffering, demanding that I would answer it by songs."
"It is not true, growing in power, will never grow truth."
"Opening the flower petals, you do not buy his beauty."
"They hated and killed, and people praised them."
"Again bird wings with gold, and she will never already soar in heaven."
"When some religion has a claim to force all of humanity to take her doctrine, it becomes tyranny."
"Water in a vessel is transparent. Water in the sea is dark. Little truths have clear words; The great truth is great silence. "
"Oh dust! Having degraded cleanliness, the stains are you not? "
"Not blows of the hammer, and the water dance brings the pebbles to perfection."
"The forelaud night begins in the music of the sunset, in his solemn hymn to an unknown darkness."
"The man is worse than the beast when he is a beast."
"We go to the thick of the noisy crowd to drown the cry of our own conscience."
"I came to your shore as a stranger; I lived in your house as a guest; I leave you as a friend, oh my earth. "
"God wants to erect the temple from love and compassion. So people, bowing the gods, build stone buildings. "
"Before mistakes we slam the door.
In the confusion of truth: "How will I enter now?"
Rabindranat Tagore - the poet, the musician and the artist of the Bengal Renaissance of the late 19th - early 20th century, which had a great influence on Indian art and literature. The author "Gitanjali" in 1913 became the first non-European, who honored the Nobel Prize. His heritage is kept at the University of Wiswa Bharati, and the poetic compositions became the hymns of India and Bangladesh.
Childhood and youth
Rabindranat Tagore on nicknamed Rabbi was born on May 7, 1861 in the Jausanko mansion in Calcutta in a large family of the landowner - Brahman Debendranatha Tagore and his wife Charada Devi.
Father traveled a lot, and his mother died, the future poet was very young, so Rabidrianate and other children raised servants and invited teachers. Being in the forefront of cultural and public life, the Tagore family regularly satisfied theatrical and creative evenings, fond of Bengal and Western classical music. As a result, children brought up in advanced tradition traditions became famous educated people.
In addition to Rabindranata, the genus Tagorov glorified the older brothers, former philosophers, playwrights and public figures, as well as a sister, which became the writer-novelist in India.
Rabindranat avoided school learning and preferred to wander on the estate and surroundings and engage in gymnastics, struggle and swimming under brother's supervision. In parallel, he mastered the visual art, anatomy, history, geography, literature, arithmetic, Sanskrit and English.
Having reached the age of majority, Rabindranat with his father went to the foothills of Himalayas, where the young man listened to melodious singing in the Holy Golden Temple of Amritsar, studied history, astronomy, modern science, Sanskrit and classical poetry Calidas.
Poems and Prose
Returning from the journey, Tagore wrote 6 poems and a poetic novel who issued for the lost creation of the fictional author of the XVII century. At the same time, the young writer made his debut in the magnitude of the story, posing on the Bengali language a miniature "Woman-Beggar" ("Bghiharini").
Since Debendranat wanted that the younger child became a lawyer, in 1878 Rabiddranat entered the University College London and has studied jurisprudence for several months. Hate for formal education forced a young man to throw science and devote himself to reading. In England, Tagore became acquainted with creativity and penetrating the folklore traditions of Misty Albion.
At a young age, Rabindranat composed the plays in collaboration with the brothers, some of them were demonstrated in creative evenings in the labor mansion. Later, independent dramatic works were born from the stories of the novel. They represented reflections on eternal philosophical topics, sometimes contained elements of Allegory and Grotesque.
In 1880, the young man returned to Bengalia and began a regular publication of his own poems, novels and stories, written under the influence of European traditions, which became an absolutely new phenomenon in the Brahman's classical literature. To this period of writing creativity include the collections of "evening" and "morning" songs, as well as the book "Chabi-O-Gan".
Tagore stories were published in the journal, and then published a separate three-volume member containing 84 works in which the writer reasoned about the modern world with characteristic new-water trends, the games of the mind, the accident of ordinary people. The bright example of the last topic was the miniatures "Hungry Stones" and "Bess", written in 1895.
Poem of Rabindranat TagoraIn 1891, the poet began work on the transformation of folk products about the life of a simple people of Bengal. "Golden Ladium", "Chief", "harvest" were published from 1893 to 1901, and the Roman "Pedchan" came out after them, published in 1903.
Since 1908, Rabiddranat worked on works included in the collection "Gitanjali", which meant "sacrificial chants". 157 poems were devoted to relations between a person and God who revealed through ordinary and understandable images. Structural minimalism made lines memorable, as a result of which they began to be used as quotes.
The collection was translated into English and published in Europe and America. In 1913, the author "Gitanjali" awarded the Nobel Prize in the field of literature for elegant narration, figurative thinking and exceptional skill. In the 1930s, Rabindranat experimented with various literary directions. He tried to add to the classic Bengal poetry notes of modernism. This is most brightly manifested in the mature poetic works of the author.
During life, Tagore created hundreds of poems, dozens of stories and 8 novels, the topics of which were village life, the problems of the Bengal society, the conflict of generations, religion and others. A special place in the works of the writer took the lyric work of the "Last poem". The poetic lines included in the novel, formed the basis of the song of the composer, which sounded in the movie "You never dreamed."
Song on the poems of Rabindranat Tagore "Last Poem"In the late 1930s, Rabiddranat turned writing activities to scientific rod. He published several essays with research in biology, astronomy and physics, and also composed a number of poems and stories, where the lyrics intertwined with academic knowledge. Poetry and prose, created at the sunset of the tag, are distinguished by gloomy colors and premonition of close death. According to literature, the work of this period became the best heritage of the Bengal Creator.
Music and paintings
Tagore was not only a writer and a poet, he became the author of more than 2 thousand songs, starting with prayer hymns and ending with folk and lyrical melodies. The composer side of the work of Rabindranat is inseparable from literary, since the smooth sound of the poetic lines of the Bengal Creator in itself was musical.
Anthem India, written by Rabindannata TagoreSome texts of the tagore became songs after the author's death. So, in 1950, his poem became the words of the Indian National Anthem, and in the 1970s of the Line of the work of "Amar Shonar Bangla" chose Bangladesh to official music.
Rabindranat succeeded as a painter. His brushes belong to about 2.5 thousand works that have repeatedly exhibited in their homeland and in other countries.
Tagore was interested in the trends of contemporary art, adopted advanced methods and used them in their own paintings. He tried himself as an artist-realist, a primitivist, impressionist. His creations are distinguished by an unconventional selection of colors, which researchers are associated with daltonism, and proper geometric silhouettes, resulting in extracting sciences.
Social activity
At the beginning of the 1900s, Tagore was settled in the genital mansion in Santinethane, not far from Calcutta, where the work with public and political activity combined. The poet founded the shelter of the wise men, where the school, chapel, extensive territories with green plantings and the library.
At the same time, Rabindranat became a defender of the revolutionary figure of Tilak and organized the movement of the Swadeshi, which protested against the section of Bengal. He was not a supporter of the cardinal extremist measures, but he played a change through education and peaceful education. In 1921, Tagore built the "Residential Welfare", designed to help village residents, to the funds collected throughout the world.
And in the 1930s, the writer appealed to the social issue of caste division. Thanks to the statements about the clan of unacceptable lectures and in their own works, Rabindranat achieved the right of presence in the famous Krishna Temple, located in Guruwaure. In 1940, the poet personally met with the leader in the independence of India, the violent methods of which did not approve. The archives have survived a memorable photo from this meeting.
Tagore traveled a lot in the world, studied various religions, got acquainted with the great foreign contemporaries. The writer negatively belonged to the problem of nationalism, argued about it during lectures in the United States and Japan, and later dedicated to this topic a journalistic work. The sharp criticism of Rabindranat caused a German attack on the Soviet Union, he condemned politics and believed in retribution for bloody acts and a triumph of justice.
Personal life
About the personal life of the Great Bengal is known little. In 1883, Tagore married 10-year-old Mrinalini, Bhabatarini nee. Early marriages of Indian girls were common practice at the time. Five children were born in the spouses, two of them died in early childhood.
In 1890, Rabyndranat took the Brazda of the Board over the extensive generic estates in the Sheleydahi area and in 8 years I was transporting there to the family. Tagor spent time traveling along the Padme River on a married barge, gathered Rent and blessed the peasants.
The beginning of the 1900s was in the biographies of the Bengal Creator, the time of tragic losses. Mrinalini died in 1902 in Santinethane, after a year Rabiddranat lost his daughter, then the head of the Tagore family passed away, leaving the youngest son a little inheritance. In 1907, the younger child of the Tagore became the victim of the cholera epidemic.
Death
In 1937, Tagore began to suffer from chronic pains, overlooking a long defense. Once he fainted and was in a coma for some time. Periods of creativity were replaced by time when the physical condition of the Creator did not allow him to work.
After the secondary loss of consciousness in 1940, Rabiddranat could not recover. Last works he dictated to friends and the secretary.
On August 7, 1941, Tagore died in his own home in Jorasanko. The exact cause of death is unknown, the researchers believe that the writer wanted old age and exhaustive disease.
The end of the Great Bengal Bard became a tragedy for many people all over the world who honored his memory, arranging the festivals of creativity and holidays in his honor.
Quotes
The death fountain leads the standing water of life.
Pessimism is a form of mental alcoholism.
Most High respected me, I could rebel
When I fell to his feet, he neglected me.
Losing in pleasure, we stop feeling any pleasure.
Bibliography
- 1881 - "Evening songs"
- 1883 - "Bibhi Coast"
- 1891 - "Riding Road"
- 1893 - "Lady"
- 1910 - "Gitanjali"
- 1916 - "Four Life"
- 1925 - "Evening Melodies"
- 1929 - "Last poem"
- 1932 - "Completion"
- 1933 - "Two sisters"
- 1934 - "Malancha" ("Flower Garden")
- 1934 - "Four chapters"
"Each child comes to the world with the news that God has not yet been disappointed in people"
R. TAGOR.
Dear friends and guests blog "Music Soul"!
Today I want to stay at the work of an amazing person. Few is a difficult ability to live. To full extent, this ability was the wonderful Indian writer, an inspired poet Lirik, a novelist, amelist, playwright, composer, the founder of two universities - Rabindranat Tagore. For Belgaltsev, Rabindranat Tagore is not only a great poet, not only an example of a remarkable lifestyle, but also a non-state part of their own life. They grow with the tagore language on the lips, and the best of their feelings often give the way out of their own words, its poetry. His life is unusually rich, rich in events not only by external, but also inner, spiritual.
Rabiddranat Tagore was born in 1861 in a family known to all the then Bengal. He was the younger of 14 children. His grandfather Dvarkonath possessed truly fabulous wealth. He belonged to indigament factories, coal mines, sugar and tea plantations, huge estates.
Debendronath Father, Nicknamed Maharshi (Great Sage), played an important role in the awakening of the national identity of the Indians. A variety of talents were endowed with numerous brothers and sisters of the tagore. This family reigned the atmosphere of artistry, humanity, mutual respect, the atmosphere, in which all the talents bloomed lush color.
Rabindranat Tagore in 1873
Rabindranat Tagore began writing poems at 8 years old. The only advantage of these first experiments, jokingly wrote afterwards, was that they were lost. The mother of Tagore died when he was 14 years old. Having lost mom, the boy began to lead a closed life, the echo of this loss was held through his whole life.
Sarada Devip (Mama Tagore)
Remembrance
I never remember my mother,
And only sometimes when I run
On the street - play with boys,
Some melody suddenly
Mastering me, I do not know where to know
And it seems to me like this mom
He entered me, with my game merged.
She, shakingcradle my
Perhaps this song sangs,
But everything is gone, and the moms are no longer,
And Mamina's songs did not.
I never remember my mother.
But in the month of Ashshin, the medium of zasmine's thickets
As soon as it starts to dawn,
And moisture wind smelling with flowers
And the wave is quietly splashing,
In my soul, remembered,
And she is she.
And right, Mom often brought
Flowers to raise the praying to the gods;
Not a blessing mom
I hear whenever you enter the temple?
I never remember my mother.
But looking out of the bedroom
On the world that does not hug a look
On the blue of heaven, I feel that again
She looks into my eyes
Attentive and tender look
As in golden times
When, I'm sazing on my knees,
She looked into my eyes.
And then the eye was imprinted in me,
And he closed heaven from me.
Tagore with wife Mrinalini Devi (1883)
At 22, R. Tagore marries. And becomes a Pope of five children.
There is love that is free to float across the sky. This love warms the soul.
And there is love that dissolves in everyday affairs. This love makes heat inseven.
Rabindanat Tagore with the eldest son and daughter
The first collection of verses "Evening songs" glorified the young poet. From this time, from under his feather, the collections of poems, stories, novels, drama, articles, articles - can only be amazed to affect the inexhaustible relics of his genius.
In 1901, the poet with his family moves to the family estate under Calcutta and opens a school with five associates, for which it sells copyright to publish his books.
A year later, his beloved wife dies, this death he worried very hard.
When you do not see you in a dream,
I feel that the spell whispers
Earth to disappear under your feet.
And for the empty sky to cling
Having raised your hands in horror I want ...
(A.Akhmatova translation)
But this misfortune did not end. The next year, one of the daughters dies from tuberculosis, and in 1907, the younger son died from tuberculosis.
Want to change everything, but in vain efforts:
It remains exactly the same. As before.
If you sober everything you destroy you, shortness
Recent joys in sorrow
In 1912, with the eldest son, Rabindranat Tagore leaves in the US, making a stop in London. Here he showed his poems to his writer William Rothenstain. Tagore becomes famous in England, in America.
With the greatest leeling, awarded in the whole Asia was awarded in 1913 by Tagor Nobel Prize- recognition of its indisputable merit.
R. Tagagorn never in his life, even in the most difficult minutes, did not lose its inesen optimism, faith in an inevitable ultimate celebration of goodness over evil.
In the cleft of the wall, among the nightlings,
Flower bloomed. Doves did not please he looks.
His rootless, poverty is cores
And the sun says: "How are you, brother?"
His favorite image is the current river: Sometimes a small river Kopai, sometimes a full-flowed padma, and sometimes the all-inclining flow of time and space. So we see his work: saturated, diverse, feeding ...
From his work comes light, helping to find yourself. In ancient India, the poet was watched as "Rishi" - the Prophet delivered between people. Almost at the age of 70, Rabindranat Tagore discovered painting for himself. And the following years devoted himself to drawing.
"My life was performed by songs, let the sunset of my days will be filled with paints," said Tagore. After herself, he left not only thousands of beautiful lines, but also about 2 thousand paintings and drawings.
He did not study painting, but he finished, as the heart felt. His impulses paintings are written quickly, inspired and confident. This is a splash of emotions on paper. "I succumbed to the charm of lines ..." He said afterwards. Taggy filled the crowded places in the pages of their manuscripts. As a result, these patterns poured into paintings, inspiring many young artists for creativity, and in India there appeared a new course in art.
His exhibitions were held in many countries of the world, they conquered people with their sincerity and originality and sold well. Money from the sale of paintings Tagore was investing in the creation of the university.
Now his paintings can most often meet in private collections. In 2010, a collection of 12 paintings by Rabindranat Tagora was sold for $ 2.2 million.
The poet is the author of the text of Gymn Bangladesh and India.
In this sunny world, I do not want to die,
Forever living would like thisblooming forest
Where people go back to come back again
Where hearts and flowers are fighting Rosews.
From his life from claimed that the lands should be rich in the earth, and go to the sky. Only in the interaction of everyday and spiritual life, a person can count on the success of his internal search.
In the late hour, wished to renounced the world said:
"Today I will leave God, I became my home for my burden.
Who kept my witchcraft in the threshold? "
God told him: "I". Man did not hear him.
In front of him in bed, in a dream, a serenely breathing,
A young wife pressed to the baby's chest.
"Who are they - Maja?" - asked man.
God told him: "I". Nothing heard man.
Wisted from the world to go up and shouted: "Where are you, deity?»
God told him: "Here." Man did not hear him.
The child was called, cried in a dream, Zavdoyal.
God said: "Return." But no one heard him.
God sighed and exclaimed: "Alas! Whether in yours, let.
Only where you find me if I stay here. "
(Translation of V.Tutnova)
Tagore considered the identity of the highest value and was the embodiment of a whole person. The word for him was not a unit of information or description, but by call and news. Throughout his long life with an amazing harmoniousness, Rabindranat Tagore unites in his work a contradiction between the spirit and flesh, man and society, between the search for truth and the enjoyment of the pain. And he felt beauty with characteristic only by little subtlety. And with a high, noble inspiration could recreate it in his lyrical verses, which constitutes the best of everything that it is written.
Something from the light touch, something from the vague words, -
So the tunes arise - the response to the distant call.
Champak medium
Polars in the flames of color
Tell me sounds and paints -
The path of inspires such.
A surge instant will arise something
Vision in the soul - no number, without an account,
And something left, Szovev, - do not catch the entrance.
So replaces a minute of minute - the chased ringing of the buberets.
(transferM. Petrovykh)
For the modern Bengal literature, Tagore for a prudent lighthouse, which is focused. The powerful poetry of the Tagora is becoming increasingly popular. Just like Mahatma Gandhi master the Father of the Indian Nation, Rabindranat Tagore can rightly be called the father of Indian literature. Tagor knew the old age of the body, but not the old age of the soul. And in this unfavorable youth, the secret of the longevity of memory of him.
Poems and quotes Rabindranat Tagore
Someone built a house -
So, my collapsed.
I concluded a truce -
Someone went war.
If I touched the strings -
Somewhere silent their ringing.
The circle closes there,
Where he starts.
***
Before mistakes, slaughtea door.
In the confusion of truth: "How will I enter now?"
"On the fruit! About the fruit! - shouts flower.
Tell me where you live, friend? "
"Well, - laughs a fruit," see:
I live in you inside. "
* * *
"You're not," I once asked the fate, -
Pushe me so ruthless in your back? "
She stuck with a smile of evil:
"You will chase your past."
* * *
Respondsecho On everything that hear around:
It does not want a poppy debtor.
* * *
Woke up babyflower. And suddenly appeared
The whole world in front of him, like a huge beautiful flower garden.
And so he said the universe, blinking amazedly:
"As long as I live, you will live, and you, dear."
english Rabindranath Tagore.; Beng. রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর, Robindronath Thakur; pseudonym: Bhan Shingho
indian writer, poet, composer, artist, public figure
short biography
An outstanding Indian writer, poet, public figure, artist, composer, the first of the Asians laureate of the Nobel Prize in literature - was born in Calcutta on May 7, 1861, he was in the family, a very famous and prosperous, 14th child. Being offacarious landowners, Tagora made their home open to many famous public figures and cultural people. Rabindranat's mother died when it was 14 years old, and this event left a huge trail in the heart.
He began writing poems, being a 8-year-old boy. Having received a good home education, there were students of private schools, in particular the Calcutt Eastern Seminary, Bengal Academy. For several months of 1873, while traveling along the north of the country, the young Tagore was extremely impressed with the beauties of these edges, and, having acquainted with the cultural heritage, was struck by his wealth.
1878 became his debut on his literary field: 17-year-old Tagor publishes the epic poem "Poet's History". In the same year, he goes to the capital of England, so that in the University College of London to learn jurisprudence, however, he studied exactly a year, returns to India, in Calcutta, and, following the example of the brothers, begins to engage in writing activities. In 1883, he marries and publishes the first poetic collections: in 1882 - "Evening Song", in 1883 - "Morning Songs".
Following the request of the Father, Rabindranat Tagoras in 1899 assumes the role of the manager of one of the generic places in Eastern Bengal. Rustic landscapes, the morals of rural residents are the main object of poetic descriptions of 1893-1900. This time is considered to be a flourishing of its poetic creativity. Collections "Golden Lady" (1894) and "moment" (1900) had a great success.
In 1901, a tagore was moved to Chantinichetan near Calcutta. There, he and five more teachers opened up a school, to create which the poet sold copyright to his writings, and his wife is some jewels. At this time, the poems and essays of other genres come out from under his feather, including articles on pedagogy and textbooks, work on the country's history.
The following few years in the biography of the Tagore were marked by a number of sad events. In 1902, a wife dies, next year Tuberculosis takes the lives of one of his daughters, and in 1907 the youngest son of the poet dies from cholera. Together with the eldest son, which went to study at the University of Illinois (USA), and Tagore is leaving. Having stopped on the road in London, he introduces his verses translated by him in English, the writer William Rothenstain, with whom they were familiar. In the same year, the English writer helped him publish the "sacrificial songs" - it makes the Tagora known personality in England and the USA, as well as in other countries. In 1913, Tagore received the Nobel Prize for them, having spent her for the needs of his school, which, after the end of World War I, turned into a free university.
In 1915, Tagore was awarded the Knight's rank, but after the British troops later shot a demonstration in Amritsar, refused to regalize. Starting from 1912, Tagore made many travels in the US, Europe, the Middle East, South America. For countries of the West, Tagore was more likely to a well-known poet, but his account has a large number of writings and other genres, which a total of 15 volumes amounted to 15 volumes: plays, essays, etc.
For the past four years of life, the writer suffered from a number of diseases. In 1937, Tagore, having lost consciousness, for some time was in a coma. Under the curtain of 1940, the disease aggravated and eventually took his life on August 7, 1941. Rabindranat Tagore enjoyed great popularity in his homeland. Four universities of the country awarded his honored degree, he was an honorary doctor of Oxford University. Modern hymns of India and Bangladesh are written on the poems of the Tagore.
Biography from Wikipedia
Rabindranat Tagore (Beng. রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর, Robindronath Thakur; May 7, 1861 - August 7, 1941) - Indian writer, poet, composer, artist, public figure. His creativity has formed the literature and music of Bengal. He became the first among non-European, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature (1913). The translations of his poetry were considered as spiritual literature, and together with his charisma created the image of the Tagora-prophet in the West.
Tagore began writing poems at the age of eight years. At sixteen, he wrote the first novels and dramas, published his poetic samples under the pseudonym Sunny Lion (Beng. Bhānusiṃha). Having gained education impregnated with humanism and love for his homeland, Tagore advised the independence of India. Founding the University of Vishva Bharati and the Institute for the Reconstruction of Agriculture. Poems of the Tagora today are the hymns of India and Bangladesh.
The work of Rabindranat Tagora includes lyrical works, essays and novels on political and social topics. His most famous works are "Gitanjali" (sacrificial chants), "Mountain" and "House and Peace" - are examples of lyricism, spoken style, naturalism and contemplation in the literature.
Childhood and Youth (1861-1877)
Rabindranat Tagore, Junior from Debendranatha Tagora (1817-1905) and Characters Devi (1830-1875), was born in the estate of Jorasanko Thakur Bari (North Calcutta). The genus Tagorov was very ancient and among his ancestors were the founders of the religion of Adi Dharma. Father, being Brahman, often committed pilgrimage to the holy places of India. Mother, Sharid Devi, died when Tagora was 14 years old.
The Tagorov family was very famous. The Tagora was major zamindars (landowners), their house was visited by many outstanding writers, musicians and public figures. The elder brother of Rabindranat Dvizhendranath was a mathematician, a poet and a musician, the middle brothers Didhendranat and Jothirindranat, were famous philosophers, poets and playwrights. The nephew of Rabindranat Oboronnendranat became one of the founders of the School of Modern Bengal Painting.
In five years, Rabindranat was given to the eastern seminary, and subsequently transferred to the so-called normal school, which was distinguished by a statement discipline and a shallow level of education. Therefore, Taggore loved the walks along the estates and surroundings than school classes. Upon completion of the rite, dropped at 11 years old, Tagore left Calcutta in early 1873 and traveled with his father for several months. They visited the family estate in Chantinichentan and stopped in Amritsar. Young Rabindranat received a good home education studying history, arithmetic, geometry, languages \u200b\u200b(in particular English and Sanskrit) and other subjects, met the creativity of Kalidas. In the "Memoirs" Tagore noted:
Our spiritual education went successfully because we studied in childhood on Bengali ... Despite the fact that they strongly told about the need for English education, my brother was hard to give us "Bengal".
First publications and acquaintance with England (1877-1901)
Vishnuch poetry inspired the sixteen-year-old Rabindanat for the creation of the poem in the style of Maithili, founded by Vijapati. She was published in the magazine "Bharoti" under the pseudonym Bhan Singho (Bhānusiṃha, sunny lion) with explanations that the manuscript of the XV century was found in the old archive, and was positively appreciated by experts. He wrote "Bikharini" ("Nishchenka", published in 1877 in the July issue of the magazine "Bharoti", became the first story in Bengali's language), the poetic collections "Evening songs" (1882), who included the poem Nirjahar Svapanabhanga, and "Morning songs "(1883).
Perspective young barrister Tagore entered the public school in Brighton in England in 1878. At first, he stopped for several months in his family belonging to his home from there. A year earlier, nephews joined him - Suren and Indira, the children of his brother Saturendranath, who came along with her mother. Rabindranat studied the right at the University College of London, but soon left him for the study of literature: "Coriolian" and "Anthony and Cleopatra" Shakespeare, Religio Medici Thomas Brown and others. He returned to Bengal in 1880 and without receiving degrees. However, this acquaintance with England later manifested itself in his acquaintance with the traditions of Bengal music, allowing you to create new images in music, poetry and drama. But Tagore in his lives and creativity so never fully accepted neither criticism of Britain neither strict family traditions based on the experience of Hinduism instead absorbing the best of these two cultures.
On December 9, 1883, Rabindranat married Mrinalini Devi (Ur. Bhabatarini, 1873-1902). Mrinalini, as well as Rabindranat came from the Bhmanov-piral family. They had five children: daughters Madchurilalate (1886-1918), Renuka (1890-1904), peace (1892-?), And sons Ratchinendanth (1888-1961) and Sammidranath (1894-1907). In 1890, the Tagora was entrusted with huge estates in Shilaidach (now part of Bangladesh). The wife and children joined him in 1898.
In 1890, Tagore published one of his most famous works - a collection of the poems "image of beloved." Like Zamdarar Babu, Tagore traveled around the family possessions on the luxurious Barge "Padma", collecting a fee and communicating with the villagers who spent the holidays in his honor. 1891-1895, the period of Sadhana Tagora, were very fruitful. At this time, they were created more than half of the stories from eighty-four who entered the Troyatnik "Galpagucchha". With irony and seriousness, they portrayed many spheres of Bengal's life paying attention mainly to rural images. The end of the XIX century marks the writing of the collections of songs and poetry "Golden Lady" (1894) and "moment" (1900).
Chantinichetan and Nobel Prize (1901-1932)
In 1901, Tagore returned to Shiladakh and moved to Chantinichetan (the monastery of the world), where he founded the Ashram. He included an experimental school, a prayer room with marble floors (mandir), gardens, groves and library. After the death of his wife in 1902, Tagore publishes a collection of lyrical poems "Memory" ("Sharan"), penetrated by a leaning sense of loss. In 1903, one of the daughters dies from Tuberculosis, and in 1907, Cholera is a younger son. In 1905, the father of Rabindranat was not. In these years, Tagore received monthly payments as part of his inheritance, additional income from Maharaja Trirapura, sales of family jewelry and royalties.
Social life has not stayed away from the writer. After arresting the colonial authorities of the famous Indian revolutionar Tilak, Tagore made his defense and organized the collection of funds to assist the prisoner. Cerzon's act about the division of Bengal in 1905 caused a wave of protest, which was expressed in the movement of "Swaders", one of whose leaders was Tagore. At this time, they were written by the patriotic songs of Golden Bengal and Earth Bengal. On the day of entry into force, the act of Tagore organized Rakshi-Bondhon - the exchange of bandages, symbolizing the unity of Bengal, in which Hindus and Muslims took part. However, when the Swaddle movement began to take the form of a revolutionary struggle, Tagore was departed from him. He believed that social changes should occur by enlightening the people, creating voluntary organizations and expansion of domestic production.
In 1910, one of the most famous collections of verses of Tagora "Gitanjali" (sacrificial chants) came out. Since 1912, Tagores starts to push, visits Europe, USA, USSR, Japan and China. Being in London, he showed several poems independently into English from "Gitanjali" to his friend, the British artist William Rotenstein, on which those made a big impression. With the assistance of Rotenstein, Ezra Pound, William Jates and other London "India Society" (India Society of London) issued 103 translated verse Tagore - in 1913, and a year later, four Russian-speaking editions appeared.
for deeply felt, original and beautiful poems in which, with exceptional skills, his poetic thinking was expressed, which became, according to his own words, part of the West literature.
Original text (eng.)
because of His ProfoundLy Sensitive, Fresh and Beautiful Verse, by Which, with Consummate Skill, He His Made His Poetic Thought, Expressed in His Own English Words, A Part of the Literature of the West.The Nobel Prize in Literature 1913 (English). Nobelprize.org. Checked March 28, 2011. Archived August 10, 2011.
Tagore became its first laureate from Asia. The Swedish Academy was highly appreciated by idealistic, and a small part of the transfer material included for Western readers, which included part of Gitanjali. In his speech, the representative of the Academy Harald Yerne noted that the greatest impression on members of the Nobel Committee was produced by "sacrificial songs". Yerne also mentioned the English translations of others, both poetic and prosaic, works of the tagore, which for the most part were published in 1913. The Nobel Committee's monetary bonus was donated to his school in Shantinichene, subsequently became the first university with free learning. In 1915, he was granted the title of knight, from whom he refused in 1919 - after the shooting of civilians in Amritsar.
In 1921, Tagore, along with his friend, the English agronomist and economist Leonard Elmhurst, founded in Surulu (near the Chantinichetan) Institute for the reconstruction of agriculture, later renaming to Sriniktein (prosperity of welfare). By this Rabindranat Tagore bypassed the symbolic scharaj Mahatma Gandhi, who, he did not approve. Tagora had to seek the help of sponsors, officials and scientists all over the world for the "liberation of the village from the shackles of helplessness and ignorance" by enlightenment.
Mooramarco, in 1924, the Honorary Prize was awarded the honorary bonus in 1924 by the Supreme Council of the Scottish Rite. According to him, Tagore had the opportunity to become a massone in his youth, allegedly passing a dedication in one of the lies during his stay in England.
In the early 1930s. Tagore paid his attention to the caste system and the problems of untouchables. Speaking at public lectures and describing the "untouchable heroes" in his work, he managed to achieve permission to visit the temple of Krishna in Guruwaure.
On the slope of years (1932-1941)
Numerous international travel tagore only strengthened him in the opinion that any division of people is very superficially. In May 1932, during a visit to the Bedouin camp in the desert Iraq, the leader turned to him with the words: "Our prophet said that a real Muslim one, not one person will suffer from whose words or actions." Subsequently, in his diary, Tagore will noted: "I began to recognize the voice of internal humanity in his words." He carefully studied orthodox religions and reproached Gandhi for the statement that the earthquake on January 15, 1934 in Bihara, who had a thirst for thousands of deaths, was the punishment of more than the oppression of the caste of untouchables. He mourned the poverty epidemic in Calcutta and all the accelerated socioeconomic decline in Bengal, which he described in detail in an unimpressed poem in thousands of lines, whose double vision technique was devoting to the film Satiwood Reya "APAR SANSAR". Tagore was written by many more works that were fifteen volumes. Among them are such poems in prose as "again" ("Punashcha", 1932), "Last Oktawa" ("Shes Saptak", 1935) and "Leaves" ("Patraput", 1936). He continued to experiment with style, creating songs in prose and dance-plays, such as Chitrans ("Chitrangada", 1914), Syama ("Shyama", 1939) and "Chandalik" ("Chandalika", 1938). Tagore was written novels "Dui Bon" ("Dui Bon", 1933), "Malancha" ("Malancha", 1934) and "Four parts" ("Char Adhyay", 1934). In the last years of his life, he was interested in science. He wrote a collection of Essay "Our Universe" ("Visva-Parichay", 1937). Its research of biology, physics and astronomy was reflected in poetry, which often contained a wide naturalism, emphasizing its respect for the laws of science. Tagore participated in the scientific process, creating stories about scientists who included in some Heads "SI" ("SE", 1937), Tin Sangi ("Tin Sangi", 1940) and "Galpasalpa" ("Galpasalpa", 1941).
The last four years of the life of the tagora were overshadowed by chronic pain and two long periods of disease. They began when Tagore lost consciousness in 1937 and remained for a long time in a coma on the verge of life and death. It was repeated at the end of 1940, after which he no longer recovered. Poetry of the Tagora, written in these years, is a sample of his skill and was particularly concerned with death. After prolonged Disease, Tagore died on August 7, 1941 in the estate of Jorasanko. The entire Bengalo-speaking world mourned the poet's care. The last one who saw the Tagora alive was Amya Kumar Sen, who recorded his last poem under dictation. Later, her draft was transferred to the Calcutta Museum. In the memoirs of Indian mathematics, Professor P. Ch. Mahalonbisa was noted that Tagore was very worried about the war between the Nazi Germany and the USSR, often interested in the reports from the fronts, and on the last day of life expressed a solid faith in a victory over Nazism.
Travels
Between 1878 and 1932, Tagore visited more than thirty countries on five continents. Many of these trips were very important for familiarizing the Neindian audience with his work and political views. In 1912, he showed some personally made translations of their poems into English familiar in the UK. They were very impressed by the close companion of Gandhi Charles Andrews, the Irish poet William Yeits, Ezru Punda, Robert Bridge, Thomas Mura and others. It was written by the preface to the English-speaking publication "Gitanjali", and Andrews later visited Tagore to Chantinichentan. On November 10, 1912, Tagore was visited by the United States and the United Kingdom, stopping in Butterton (Staffordshire) in the clergy-friendly friends of Andrews. From May 3, 1916 to April 1917, Tagore lectured in Japan and the United States, in which nationalism condemned. His essay "Nationalism in India" received both contemptuous and laudatory feedback from pacifists, including Romen Rolan.
Soon after returning to India, 63-year-old Tagore accepted the invitation of the government to Peru. Then he visited Mexico. Governments of both countries have provided a loan of $ 100,000 Tagora School in Chantinichentan in honor of his visit. A week after arriving at Buenos Aires (Argentina) on November 6, 1924, the sick Tagore was settled at Villa Miralio at the invitation of Victoria Okampo. He returned to India in January 1925. On May 30 of the next year, Tagore visited Naples (Italy), and on April 1, communicated with Benito Mussolini in Rome. They initially ended in criticism from the Tagore on July 20, 1926.
On July 14, 1927, Tagore with two companions began a four-month round of South Asia by visiting Bali, Java, Kuala Lumpur, Malacca, Pinang, Siam and Singapore. Tagore stories about these journeys were later collected in the work of "Jatri" ("Jatri"). In the early 1930s. He returned to Bengali to prepare for an annual journey in Europe and the United States. His drawings were exhibited in London and Paris. One day, when he returned to the UK, he stopped in the settlement of Quakers in Birmingham. There he wrote his Oxford lectures and performed at the congregations of Quakers. Tagore spoke about the "deep crack of the alienation" telling about the relationship between the British and the Hindu - the topic he worked in the next few years. He visited Aga-Khan III, who lived in Darlington Hall, and went to Denmark, Switzerland and Germany, being on the road from June to mid-September 1930, then visiting the Soviet Union. In April 1932, Tagore, who became acquainted with the writings of the Persian Mystic Hafiz and the legends of him, stopped at the cut of a peklev in Iran. Such a rich schedule of travel allowed Tagor to communicate with many famous contemporaries, such as Henri Bergson, Albert Einstein, Robert Frost, Thomas Mann, Bernard Shaw, Herbert Wells and Romain Roland The latest passage travel Tagore included visits to Persia and Iraq (in 1932 .) And Sri Lanka (in 1933), who only strengthened the writer in his positions regarding the division of people and nationalism.
Creation
The most famous as the poet, Tagore also painted and composed music, he was the author of Romanov, Essay, Novel, Dram and many songs. From his prose the most famous for its novels, moreover, he is considered the hence of the Bengaloise-language version of this genre. In the works of Tagora, their rhythm, optimistic and lyrism is often noted. These works are mainly borrowed from deceptively simple stories from the life of ordinary people. From under the tag's feather, not only the text of the verse "Janaganaman", which became anthem in India, but also the music that he was executed. Drawings of the tagore, made by watercolor, pen and ink, were exhibited in many European countries.
Poetry
Poetry of the Tagore, rich in its style of a variety of classical formalism to comic, dreamy and enthusiastic, has roots in the work of the Vaishnava poets of the XV-XVI centuries. Tagore has experienced awe in the Mysticism of Rishis, such as Vyas, who wrote Upanishads, Kabia and Ramparsada Sen. His poetic works became more fresh and more mature after his acquaintance with the folk music of Bengali, which included ballads of singers-mystics Baulov. Tagore reopened and made the highly famous anthems of Cartabhaji (Kartābhajā), which focused on the inner divinity and rebellion against religious and social orthodoxy. For the years spent in Shiladach, the poems of the Tagore acquired a lyrical sound. In them, he sought to contact the Divine through the appeal to nature and the touching empathy of the human drama. Tagore used a similar reception in his poems devoted to relations between Radha and Krishna, who published under the pseudonym Bhanushimha (Bhānusiṃha, sunny lion). To this topic, he returned more than once.
The participation of the Tagore in the most early attempts to develop modernism and realism in Bengal was manifested in his literary experiments of the 1930s, examples of which "Africa" \u200b\u200bor "Kamaliya" can serve as the most famous from his late poems. Sometimes Tagore wrote poems using a dialect shadh Bhasha, resulting in the influence of Sanskrit on Bengal, later starting to use more common cheti bhasha. Other its significant essays include the "image of beloved" (1890), "Golden Lady" (1894), "Cranes" (Beng. Balaka, 1916, metaphor for transplancing shower) and "Evening melodies" (1925). "Golden Ladia" is one of its most famous poems on the ephemeralism of life and achievements.
Collection of poems "Gitanjali" (Beng. গীতাঞ্জলি, eng. Gitanjali, "Sacrificial chants") was noted by the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913.
Tagore poetry was laid on the music by many composers, among the works of which Triptych for the soprano and string quartet Arthur Sheferd, the lyrical symphony of Alexander Tremlinsky, the cycle of love songs Joseph Furster, "Wrong madness" (Potulný Šílenec) Leosh Yanachek, inspired by the performance of Tagore in Czechoslovakia in 1922 Year, Prana on the verse of the "flow of life" from Gitanjali Harry Shumanan. In 1917, Richard Hagman translated and shifted his poems to music, having created one of the most famous "Do Not Go My Love", "DO NOT GO MY LOVE". Jonathan Harvey created the compositions "One Evening" (1994) and "Song Offerings" (1985) to the poems of the Tagore.
Novels
Tagore wrote eight novels, a variety of novels and stories among which Chaturanga ("Chaturanga"), a "farewell song" (also translated as the "last song", "Shesher Kobita"), "Four parts" ("Char Adhy") and "NOUKADUBI" ("NOUKADUBI"). The novels of the Tagora, mostly describing the life of the Bengal peasantry, first appeared in English in 1913 in the collection "Hurrying stones and other stories" ("Hungry Stones and Other Stories"). One of the most famous novels, "House and World" ("Ghare Baire") represents Indian society through the prism of the vision of Zamindar-idealist Nikhila, exposing Indian nationalism, terrorism and religious zeal in the movement "Waldessy". The novel ends with the confrontation between the Hindus and Muslims and the deep spiritual wounds of Nikhila. Roman "Svetlolitsy" ("Gora") raises contradictory issues of India's individuality. As in "Ghare Baire", self-identification issues (Jāti), personal and religious freedom are being worked out in the context of the history of the family and a love triangle.
The story of "Relationship" (also translated as "communications", "jogajog") tells about the rivalry of two families of Chattirji (Bipodas) - now impoverished aristocrats - and public news (Madhusudan), representing a new arrogant generation of capitalists. Kumudini, Sister Bipodasa, it turns out between two lights coming out married Madhusudan, being brought up under reliable protection, respect for religion and rites. The heroine, connected by the ideals of Shiva-Sati, on the example of Dakshani, is breaking between pity for the fate of his progressive, compassionate brother and his opposite - with his dissolute husband. This novel is devoted to the severe position of the Bengal women who have found themselves between the debt, honor of the family and pregnancy, as well as it shows the decline in the influence of the Land Oligarchy of Bengal.
Tagore was written and more optimistic works. "The Last Poem" (also translated as a "farewell song", "Shersher Kobita") is one of the most lyrical novels, with the churriculous poets and rhythmic passages of the main character - the poet. The product also contains elements of satire and postmodernism, it attacks the old, separating the opposite poet, which is identified with the Rabindant Tagore itself. Although his novels remain the least estimated, they received considerable attention from film directories, such as Satywood Rei and others, such as films on the works of Tagore "Chokhar Bali" ("Chokher Bali") and "House and Peace" ("Ghare Baire") . In the first of them, Tagore describes the Bengal society of the beginning of the 20th century. The central character is a young widow, who wants to live his own life, which enters the conflict with a tradition that does not allow to enter into a repeated marriage and circumvents into a solitary, lonely existence. This melancholy, mixed on deception and grief, arising from dissatisfaction and sadness. Tagore spoke about the novel: "I always regretted his end." Soundtracks from the film are often characterized as Rabindragitis - musical forms worked out by Tagore based on Bengal music. The second filmmaker illustrates the struggle of the Tagore with himself: between the ideals of Western culture and the revolution against it. These two ideas are expressed through two main characters - Nikhil, personifying the rational beginning and opposing violence, and Sandipa, who does not stop before to achieve their goals. Such opposites are very important for understanding the history of Bengal and its problems. There are disputes, did not try to express Gandhi in the image of Sandipa and the arguments against this version, as Tagoras very much respected the Mahatma speaking against any violence.
Docugnatorian
Tagore wrote a lot of documentary books covering topics from the history of India to linguistics and spirituality. In addition to autobiographical works, his road diaries, essays and lectures were collected in several volumes, including "lectures from Europe" ("Europe Jatrir Patro") and "Manusher Dhormo"). Brief correspondence of Tagora and Einstein, "Notes on the Nature of Reality", entered them as an addition.
Music
Tagore composed about 2,230 songs. His songs, often written in the style of Rabinder Sangit (Beng. রবীন্দ্র সংগীত - "Tagore song"), are a significant part of the Culture of Bengal. The music of the Tagora is inseparable from his literary works, many of whom are poems or heads of novels, stories - they took the basis for songs. We have experienced a significant influence of the style of Thumery (vir. ठुमरी, one of the styles of music Hindustani). They often beat the tonality of classical Rag in various variations sometimes completely imitating the melody and the rhythm of the given Ragie, or mixing various rags creating new works.
art
Tagore is the author about 2,500 drawings that participated in the exhibitions of India, Europe and Asia. The debut exhibition took place in Paris, at the invitation of artists with whom Tagore communicated in France. At the arsenal exhibition, during its exposition in Chicago in 1913, Tagore studied modern art from Impressionists to Marseille Dushan. It was impressed by the London lectures of Stella Kramrimrich (1920) and he invited her to speak with the stories about world art from Gothic to Dadaism in Chantinichentan. The influence on the Tagore style was visiting Japan in 1912. In some of its landscapes and autoports, the passion for impressionism is clearly traced. Tagore shed into numerous styles, including the Crafts of the North of New Ireland, Hyde's Nature Threads from the West Bank of Canada (British Columbia) and Xylobravur Max Pochtein.
Tagore, presumably, having daltonism (partial indistinguistence of red and green colors), created work with special compositions and color solutions. It was fascinated by geometric shapes, it often used in portraits angular, striking up lines, narrow, elongated forms, reflecting spiritual experiences. Late the work of the Tagore is characterized by grotesqueness, and drama, although it remains incomprehensible, whether it reflects the pain of the tag for his family or for the fate of all mankind.
In a letter to Rani Mahalanobis, the wife of the famous Indian mathematics and his friend Prasanta Mahalanobis, Tagore wrote:
First of all, there is a hint of a line, then the line becomes a form. A more pronounced form becomes a mapping of my concept ... The only training that I received in my youth was a rhythm learning, in thought, rhythm in sound. I came to understand that Rhythm creates a reality in which unsystematic slightly.
Original text (eng.)
FIRST, THERE IS THE HINT OF A LINE, AND THEN THE LINE BECOMES A FORM. The More PRONOUNCED THE FORM BECOMES THE CLEARER BECOMES THE PICTURE OF MY Conception ... The Only Training Which I Had From My Young Dayswas The Training in Rhythm, In Thougoht, The Rhythm in Sound. I HAD COME TO KNOW THAT RHYTHM GIVES REALITY TO WHICH IS DESULTORY, INSIGNIFICANT IN ITSELF.- "Rabindrant Tagore to Rani Mahalanobis", November 1928, Trans. Khitish roy, inneogy, pp. 79-80.