The genus Biryuchi (Ligustrum) is represented by deciduous, evergreen and natives erected shrubs, as well as small trees and it is directly related to the Maslin family. Such a genus combines more than 50 species of various plants. In natural conditions, they can be met in Asia, North Africa, Europe, as well as in Australia. A large number of different types of turquoons can be met in the Nature of Japan, Taiwan, China and Himalayas. The name of the turquoine occurred from the Latin word "Ligare", which is translated as "to associate". The fact is that the bark plant has knitting properties. Biryuchi shrub is very similar to Lilac, as it is her close relative. The foliage and bark of these two plants are very similar, but lilac is somewhat larger than turquish and her bloom is more magnificent and effect. If you don't care for this shrub, he will acquire an extremely unattractive and sloppy look. However, if you cut it, it will instantly transform, besides, it can be given various attractive forms.
The height of the shrub reaches 200 centimeters, and its width is about 100 centimeters. The turquoine is also found in the form of small trees that have an empty crown and a height of about 6 meters. Leather, all-ray leaf plates have an elongated egg-shaped form, they are contrary. Their front side is painted in a dark green color, and the wrong thing is in pale green. White fragrant little flowers practically sitting. They are assembled in the top loose inflorescences that have a scattering shape. Their length varies from 6 to 18 centimeters. The duration of flowering is 3 months, while it starts in June or July. Fruits are a berry-like small bunch of rounded shape, which are painted in black or dark blue. In each fruit there are from 1 to 4 seeds. Biryuchi refers to fast-growing plants. In the middle band, most often cultivated with the turquoine ordinary, because this species is the most winter-resistant. Below will be described how to plant, care and multiply this species of turquoons. Most often, such a shrub is used to form a living bleed, but it also grows as a single plant and in small groups. Bonsai from turquish are becoming increasingly popular.
What time to plant
Since this shrub in natural conditions prefers to grow in the undergrowth, then in the garden it can be grown in a shaded place. And also such a plant duffle and gaspool, it also does not require any special soil. However, it is not recommended to grow turquish on dry, acidic sandy soils. But if you want your shrub to be most decorative, then he will need to provide the most favorable conditions. So, it is recommended to plant it in a well-lit place, while from buildings or trees need to retreat no less than 0.7-1 meters. The soil must be well drained, moderately moistened, saturated nutrients. And he should be a weakly alkaline or neutral. The soil should consist of humus, turf and sand (2: 3: 1). The transplant of such a plant can be made throughout the growing season. However, it is best to carry this procedure in spring time, and it is necessary to have time before the kidneys will be revealed. But some gardeners believe that it is better to produce such a procedure in September or October.
Before planting turquish, it is necessary to switch the plot. Then you need to make a yam for landing, the width of which will be equal to 65 centimeters. The depth of such a pit should be 30 centimeters to exceed the magnitude of the shrub root system. Then in the hole you need to pour water and wait until it is completely absorbed into the soil. On the bottom of the pits need to pour rubble, while the thickness of the layer should be equal to 10-20 centimeters. In not a very large amount of landfills (the composition is described above) you need to pour 130 grams of nitroammofoski. Then it is poured into the landing hole by the Holloch, which is put on a seedling. Its roots are cracking, and the hole is filled with landless (without fertilizer). For 4 weeks, it is necessary to ensure that the rolling circle does not stop. Then its surface will need to be filled with a layer of mulch (peat), the thickness of which should be 5-8 centimeters.
If this shrub is planted to create a living hedge, then for this make a trench, the depth of which should be 60 centimeters, and the width is 50 centimeters. When landing between plants, it is necessary to observe a distance of 30-40 centimeters. It is also necessary to plant, as with a single landing. Trench you need to fill the landlessness that you need to be seal. Then the plants need to be well pouring under the root.
It's very simple to care for turquoine. It should be watering in time, trim, loose upper layer of soil, while removing weed grass. In order to reduce the amount of irrigation and weeping, you can sprinkle a rolling circle of a layer of mulch. However, it is necessary to mulch the soil only after it warms up well. Watering should be made only in a long arid period. Under the condition of a moderate summer period, plants will have enough precipitation in the form of rains. It should be borne in mind that watering should be rare, but rather abundant, since the soil needs to get into approximately half-meter depth. So, one bush should leave 3-4 buckets of water. During the growing season, irrigated on average, it will be necessary to produce 3 or 4 times.
In the spring, the plants are recommended to be filled with organic fertilizers, for this, each bush must be added to 1 bucket of compost or humus. If this is a live fertilization, the organic fertilizer is distributed along the bushes, then a granular superphosphate (per 1 m 2 10 gram of the substance) is scattered over it on top of it. After that, the fertilizer needs to be embedded in the soil on a small depth, and then pour it away.
Biryuchi is a plant that needs regular forming trimming. Since such a shrub is fast-growing, he will quickly hide all the flaws that were admitted during pruning. It is necessary to start to pruning almost immediately how the plant will fall into the ground. When the captured sapling starts to grow, he will have to shorten the tops of the shoots. As a result, the plant will become more busy. After the stems will grow by 10-15 centimeters, they will again need to shortly shorten. This procedure should be carried out regularly during the first two years of life of turquish, as a result, the bustice will become dense and lush. After an instance increases green mass, it will be possible to produce forming trimming. Currently, an increasing number of gardeners prefer to cut this shrub in the form of dense pillows (karykomi). Such a haircut of Japan.
In Europe, where a sufficiently soft climate, the turquoise in a living hedge in height can reach 200 centimeters. However, in medium latles, such high bushes may be damaged by frosts, in this regard, in such areas, the optimal height of the turquoise is about half a meter. In order to avoid damage to the shoots of frosts in winter, bushes drop down a layer of snow. A haircut of a living hedge is made in May, and then in August. Sanitary trimming is necessary to spend early in the spring, while it is necessary to remove injured, frozen, dried and sick branches. And those branches that remained, need to shorten on 1/3 (if necessary).
In medium latitudes, the turquoine is growing most often, since this kind of frost is stable. In this case, the plant can withstand frost to minus 30 degrees, but only if it is short-term. In the event that the shrub will be covered with a layer of snow, it will be able to withstand a decrease in temperature up to minus 40 degrees. Harves' victims of winter cold, stems quickly restored in spring time. Such a type of turquish on the winter should not be covered. In other types of winter, the rolling circle should be sprinkled with a layer of mulch, the bush itself must be burned to the surface of the soil and fix it in such a position. From above the plant should be covered with a sweetheart.
Biryuchi has high resistance to various types of diseases. However, if it will grow in a soil with increased acidity, then she can develop a malievable dew or spotty. In this regard, it is necessary to observe the acidity of the soil. It is very important to make a deoxidizer in a timely manner (dolomite flour, crushed limestone or lime-puffer).
On this shrub can settle the web mites, trips, chervers, hoarse and shields. It is possible to destroy them with the help of accomplishing or phytodemer, and it may be necessary to take from 1 to 4 processings with a break in a half months. But if you provide proper care and optimal conditions for growth, the pests are unlikely to settle on the shrub.
The reproduction of turquoons
The turquoine can be propagated by seeds, tanks, cuttings, crops or root offspring.
The cultivation of turquish from seeds is a process of very long and labor. Especially since the germination of seeds is low (about 65 percent). The fruits of Biryuchi begins to give only after she is 6 years old. Thus, this plant is grown only in industrial conditions, in connection with this, in the autumn time, the seed collection is better not to produce, because there are methods that allow you to propagate the turquish much easier and faster.
If you still decided to grow this shrub from seeds, they need to be chosen from mature fruits, and leaving the largest. Then they are placed in a container filled with water. After some time, some of the seeds will remain on the surface of the liquid, they can be collected and thrown out. Another part of the seed drowshes, it is them necessary to subjected further stratification. To do this, they are sown in October in open soil, in winter they will pass natural stratification. The first seedlings can be seen after 1 year. However, if you decide to highlight in spring time, then the seeds need to be pushed into a box filled with sand and peat, and contain in a place where the temperature is almost 0 degrees, to the spring itself.
The cuttings are better to choose summer, as the percentage of their rooting is 90-100%. The cut should be made when the flowering is almost over, while choosing the most mature and developed shoots. Strenches in length should reach 10-12 centimeters. The drainage of cuttings is produced into the turf soil, the surface of which should be coated with a layer of flushed large sand. They plant them at an angle of 45 degrees, while blunting into a substrate for 5 centimeters. The fastest of the entire cuttings are rooted at a temperature of from 20 to 25 degrees, while the humidity is needed constant. To provide cuttings optimal conditions, each of them should be put on a two-liter plastic bottle, which needs to cut the neck, and in the bottom there are several holes. The first roots will grow after a half months, and after 3 months, the root maintenance system will already be well developed. After a complete rooting of the cutlery, it will be necessary to fight for about a year, while if necessary, they are transplanted in the capacity of greater volume. A fallout in the open soil can be made only after the height of the cuttings is 50-60 centimeters.
The reproduction of turquoons with tanks
In the spring time it will be necessary to choose a strong branch growing close to the ground. It should be tilted to the surface of the soil and fix in this position, after having previously done on the bottom surface of the branch, which will be immersed in the soil, not very large shallow incision. Then part of the branch, naught to the ground, should be filled with the soil, on top of which the sphagnum is stacked. It is important to observe the moss all the time was moistened. At the same time, remember that the upper part of the branch is not needed. If the chain is successfully rooted, it will go into growth. Separate the challenges and put on a permanent place will need only after the next spring comes.
Also, the gods can be obtained without touching. To do this, take a needle for sewing and with it, make several scratches on the surface of the twig. Then in the package of polyethylene, you need to pour a moistened soil. After that, it must be fixed on the branch so that a part of the sprig with scratches was in the soil. Then you tightly cure the package using scotch for this. This method allows you to get several chains from one bush at once. After the bag is filled with the roots, you need to cut off the chain gently. Then carefully delete the package and set the chain into the open soil.
Main types and varieties with photos and names
Below are the types and varieties that enjoy the gardeners are the greatest popularity.
In natural conditions, this species can be met in the southwestern and southern regions of Ukraine, in the Caucasus, in the northern part of Moldova and Africa, in Central and Southern Europe and in Asia Minor. At the same time grow, such shrubs are preferred in oak undergrowths. This leafy branched shrub grows perfectly in the shade, while height it can reach about 5 meters. The leathery plates are oblong-egg-shaped or lanceal, their inextricular side is light green, and the facial is dark green. White fragrant small flowers are part of the standing blizzard, the length of which can reach 6 centimeters. Blossom can begin from June to mid-July, and its duration is 20 days. Black fruits do not fall until January. This species is the most winter-hardy, in connection with this, it is widely cultivated in the middle lane. In addition to the original species, another 10 of its decorative forms are cultivated: pyramidal, wearing, evergreen, szay, sizo-white-cuminated, gold, yellowish, golden-painting, silver-motivated, barren and yellow-filled.
Varieties are most popular:
- Aureum. In the height, such a native plant reaches about 100 centimeters. This is a slow-growing, the unconcerning plant has a golden leaflets. If the winter is not frosty, then some of the leaflets remain on the bush to the spring itself.
- Vicar. This midstowground plant in height can reach 100 centimeters. It has a thick crown consisting of a widespread leaflets of yellow-gold color, and in the autumn they are painted in a bronze-purple shade. Their length does not exceed 6 centimeters. Flowering is observed in the middle of the summer period. Flowers small white fragrant. On the wintering shrub must be stolen.
- Aureo Variagatum. The height of this unconcerning plant is about 1 meter. It has a motley plates of golden color. The diameter of the crown is about 1.2 meters.
In natural conditions, it is found in China, Japan and Korea. It is a large evergreen shrub or a compact church. Dark green leaf plates have an elongated egg-shaped form, their front side is glossy, and the length reaches 15 centimeters. The length of fragrant buggy inflorescences about 18 centimeters, they consist of small white flowers. Blossom lasts 3 months. This species withstands the decrease in temperature to minus 15 degrees, in connection with this, to survive the winter, it requires shelter. Decorative forms: golden-bordered, golden-motley, tricolor.
In natural conditions, you can meet in Japan and South Korea. This species has many similarities with a brilliant turbulent, in connection with which they are often confused. Such an evergreen plant in height does not exceed 400 centimeters, has a compact crown and small leathery dark green leaf plates. The inflorescences of this species have a smaller length compared to the turquish shiny, the flowering period is shorter, as well as this plant grows not so quickly. However, this type is more resistant to frost and chalk. There are 2 decorative varieties: Pepling and round-hearted.
The height of the bush is not more than 100 centimeters, but all because during the cultivation in the middle lane, he all the time frightened in winter. In the spring, the shrub is restored. Flowering irregular. The aroma of narrow flowers is not very pleasant.
Decorative forms:
- Variagatum (Peppercut). Such an evergreen shrub in areas with soft winters is capable of reaching several meters. Green leafy plates have a white-cream kaym.
- Argentum (Silver). On the middle size of bushes, leaflets with cream bonds are banging.
- Aureum (Golden). Sheet plates have yellow-golden bordering. In the southern regions is grown without shelter, often used as a container culture.
In natural conditions, it is found in Korea, China and Japan. This leafy shrub in height can reach 200 centimeters. Crown stretched. Glossy sheet plates extended ovoid shapes from the front side are painted into dark green, and from the wrong one - to the peephic. Flowering irregular is observed in the summer. The length of fragrant white inflorescences about 7 centimeters. This species loves heat and negatively reacts to sharp change temperatures. It needs to be covered with it.
It is a winter-resistant look, like the turquoise ordinary. His homeland Sakhalin. In the height, the teen-bobby shrub reaches 150 centimeters. It has small wide sheet plates.
Turkey acute (Ligustrum Acutissumum)
Right with mountain slopes of southern China. The height of the bush is about 300 centimeters. Blooming abundant, lasts a half months, and starts in the early days of July. Fruits are completely ripening in October. Is not winter-resistant.
Such a native shrub does not bloom. The height in natural conditions reaches 400 centimeters, and in the culture - 200 centimeters. Crown has a diameter of about 1.8 meters. Large sheet plates remain on the branches until the next growing season. Highness is low.
In nature is found in China's provinces: Sichy An, Shanxi, Yunnan. The height of such a native shrub is about 200 centimeters. Leaf plates are small and hard. Flower blizzard length consisting of small flowers about 20 centimeters. Blossom starts at the end of the summer period. For the species, the insertion of the purged surface of sheet plates and young shoots is characterized. Varieties:
- Variagatum. The leaves have white bope.
- Vicar. Light yellow leaf plates after frost become bronze.
Sin: Wolf Berries.
Turkey ordinary - a long-term shrub tall up to two meters. In folk medicine, infusion of branches, leaves, biryukini berries are used as hemostatic, antibacterial, laxatives. Also identified such therapeutic properties of turquish as cardiotonic and hypotensive.
Plant poisonous!Ask a question to experts
In medicine
The use of turquoise in official medicine is not practiced, it is a non-farmakopean plant. Turkey ordinary is used only in traditional medicine.
Contraindications and side effects
All parts of the plant - trunks, branches, leaves, and especially the berries of turquish, contain a specific group of plant alkaloids, which, when entering the body, can cause severe poisoning. Especially dangerous poisoning with turquoine people with weakened health, children and pregnant women. Nursing mothers also need to abandon the intake of the infusion of turquish ordinary.
Using turquoran ordinary in medicinal purposes should be with great care and only under the supervision of the doctor. Shrub is considered to be poisonous and has extensive contraindications. The turquoran is ordinary, its tincture and alcohol solution cannot be used in blood hemophilia, thrombosis, varicose veins and hypotonic disease. The decoction of the bark and leaves is prohibited during constipation, and the decoction of berries - with diarrhea.
In production
The trees of turquish is very dense, heavy and firm, has a brown-purple core. It is suitable for the production of pencils and turning products - coils for threads, wooden spoons, dowels, etc.
At home
In Kakheti, turquoine is used for staining in yellow wool, canvas, silk fabrics. The fact is that the fruits of turquish, as well as its bark and wood when heated in aqueous solution gives a beautiful hidden color. This solution is used in handicraft production when the leather is washed, they are identified with homemade yarn and self-storey products.
In horticulture
The turquoise ordinary is a beautiful fluffy bush with white blurred inflorescences that make a rather pleasant fragrance. This plant is often used in landscaping country areas, decorating the houses of apartment buildings. Biryuchi ordinary keeps the shape after a haircut, perfectly adapts to urban conditions, very worn. The shrub tolerates the temperature to -30 degrees, but long frosts are destructive for it. More suitable for planning in southern cities. In the northern settlements during the cold hindstream winch, the turquoine should be stolen.
The turquoran ordinary is often used in park compositions in which trees and shrubs are trimmed in the form of the right shapes - cubes, balls. Shrub lush, with closely located branches and trunks, which allows you to create a beautiful ball of the right shape from it.
Classification
Biryuchi ordinary (Lat. Ligustrum Vulgare L.) - view of shrubs from the genus Biryuchi (Lat. Ligustrum) of the Maslin family (lat. Oleaceae). The genus Biryuchi (Lat. Ligustrum) is quite large, in it 40-50 types of shrubs and small trees, many of which are evergreens and half-tree.
Botanical description
Turkey ordinary is a leaf foll long-term shrub tall up to two meters. The leaves of the turquoons are simple, speck-shaped, opposite, leathery, pointed. The top of the leaves is dark green, the bottom is brighter. Flowers are very fragrant, white, collected in cherished blurred inflorescences. Biryuchi blooms in June - July. The fruits of the rounded shape are brilliant beagree-shaped round fire, black and brown, black and purple or light yellow and white painting. Collected in the borders are located closer to the top of the branches. For people poisonous. Berries do not fall fall, stay on the bush until the end of January.
Biryuchi ordinary has more than 10 decorative forms: pyramidal (f. Pyramidale), molding (f. Pendulum); SIZYA (F. GLAUCUM) and SIZO-White Camered (F. Glaucum Albo-Marginatum) - Over the color of the leaves; evergreen (F. Sempervirens), golden (F.Aureum), Golden-Pestruy (F. Aureo-Variegatum), yellowish (f. LuteSCENS) - with more intense color flowers; Silver-Pestry (F. Argento-Marginatum) - Over the color of the leaves and two forms in the color of fruits - the whitefold and yellow-bearing (F. leucocarpa and f. Xanthocarpa).
The young shrub of the turquoise of an ordinary grows very quickly, drought-resistant, unpretentious, can grow on different types of soil. Loves soil with high lime content.
The turquish is multiplied with the help of seeds, chains, root offspring, cuttings. Quite often, the plant is used as a collection for other types of turquish, lilacs, olives.
Spread
In Nature, Turkey ordinary is found in the south of Western, Central Europe (on the territory of the former USSR in the southern and southwestern regions of Ukraine, Northern Moldova, in the mountainous Crimea and in the Caucasus), in the Mediterranean, including North Africa, in the North-West Iran, Malaya Asia.
A shrub in warm deciduous forests, oak-rash groves, as well as in floodplain forests. Shadowish xceromophit.
Regions of distribution on the map of Russia.
Preparation of raw materials
The green mass of the turquoran ordinary is harvested in warm dry days. Dried raw materials in a well ventilated or ventilated room, from time to time turning the leaves and branches. Fruits are collected after ripening and dried as well as leaves and wood raw materials. Store dried raw materials no more than a year in tightly closed plastic containers.
Chemical composition
In the cortex of turquish, the quantities are contained, phenols and their derivative - siringoside, tanning substances. In the leaves, there are a lot of sugar, contains alkaloids, vitamin C, carotenoids, tanning substances 6-10%, flavonoids (rutin, 7-glucoseid and 7-routineoside Lutheolin, 7-glucoseid apigenin 7-Rutinoside apigenin). Essential oil was found in the flowers, in the fruits - anthocyans: 3-glucoside and 3-routineoside cyanidine, Z-Rutino-i Zido-5-glucoside Malvidine, the seeds contain fatty oil.
Pharmacological properties
Despite the fact that the treasury is not a pharmacopoeial plant and does not have applications in official medicine, due to the valuable substances belonging to its chemical composition, has some therapeutic properties. Aqueous extracts, as well as alcohol extract of turquoise, have hypotensive, cardiotonic and hemostatic actions.
It is known that there are results of scientific research of galenic drugs obtained from leaves, fruits, flowers and biryuchi bark ordinary. Laboratory experiments on rats showed: Plant extract suppresses the activity of ribonuclease in the liver and pancreas of experimental rodents, manifests antiviral, bactericidal, protistocidal, phytoncide and bacteriostatic activity.
Application in folk medicine
Therapeutic properties of turquoran ordinary make it a popular plant in traditional medicine. The infusion of turquish leaves in Azerbaijan is recommended for cardiovascular diseases. The infusion on the fault of the crust is used for pneumonia and chronic bronchitis, decoction of dried leaves and inflorescence inwards - with uterine bleeding, hypovitaminosis, fever, in the form of rinsing - with laryngitis, pharyngitis, stomatitis, with other oral inflammation, and as an anti-cutting agent. The beneficial properties of turquish cultures allow to apply a decoction of the crust and leaves with diarrhea and metrragia.
Historical reference
Turkey ordinary is a fast-growing unpretentious plant. It was used to decorate estates and parks in 18-19 centuries. From the turquish, live burnings were built, as well as racing mazes. This is an excellent plant for those who want to master the landscape design and practice in the design of the Topiary.
Family: Maslin (Oleaceae).
Motherland: East Asia, South of Russia, Southern Europe, North Africa, Small Asia and Australia.
The form: Charming shrub.
Description
Fall or evergreen shrubs. Leaves are simple, oblong, leathery, dark green (in some species - bordered or yellow). White turquish flowers, fragrant, small; Collected in scattered or private inflorescences. The fruits of Turucopa Iscin-black, ripen in September - October. Some types of turquish grow to 5 m (for example, turquish ordinary). Grow rapidly.
(L. vulgare). Fall, gustan bush up to 5 m height. Flowers in the first half of the summer for 20-25 days. The fruits of turquoise are brilliant, beagle-like, preserved on the bushes until January, poisonous. The average and slow-growing species of turquoons. Leaves annual or half-tree. The tillage of the turquoise ordinary prefers any other, except for very acidic peat substrates.
(L. Ovalifolium). Evergreen church to 1 m high (due to periodic frozen). Birchika ovalnoliste does not bloom. Flowers irregularly, turquoine flavors are narrow with an unpleasant smell. Winter hardiness is low.
(L. Japonicum). View close to the turquish shiny. Evergreen shrub with a compact crown up to 4 m high. The flowering is less long than the turquish brilliant; Turkey Japanese grows slower than the turquish brilliant, but it is more shaded and demanding with soil moisture.
Biryuchi shiny (L. lucidum). A large evergreen shrub or a small, up to 6 m height, a tree with a scattered crown. The bloom of turquish shiny lasts about three months. Fruits dark blue, small. Turkish brilliant - shadowless look, but needs fertile, moistened soils. Fast painful view of turquoons. Good haircuts. The hedge from turquish shiny looks very effectively, since the bushes of the turquish will retain their decorativeness for a long time.
Biryuchi Amurskaya (L. Amurense). Leaf foll with low winter hardiness shrub. Biryuchi Amur requires shelter for the winter. Planting the turquish brilliant is produced in windows protected from winds. Black fruits with wax raid ripen in September - October.
Biryuchi Ybota
(L. IBOTA). Leaf foll light-headed shrub. Birchika Ybot flowers in June-July, fruits ripen in late September. Low winter hardiness, demanding to soil conditions. The cultivation of turquoine ybot is possible on fertile, loose soils, in the winds protected from winds, with mandatory irrigation into the dry time.
Biryuchi Jesse (L. Yezoense). Shadowy winter-hardy shrub. Leaves small and tough. Flowers turquish jesse at the end of summer.
Biryum Kvikhou (L. Quihoui). A medustigious shrub up to 2 m high. It blooms in July, nonless, within 10-12 days.
Biryuchi dense (L. Compactum). Hyphenbenham high grid shrub up to 4 m high. The turquoine dense does not bloom. Winter hardiness is low.
Turkey acute (L. Acutissumum). A medustigious shrub up to 3 m high. Flowers in late June-early July for 12-16 days. Flowers are collected in short cylindrical inflorescences. The winter hardiness of turquish sharp is low enough.
Growing conditions
The plant turquoine grows well in the sun or in a half; Soil, mostly any garden, but not too acidic, moisturized. Biryuchi enough drought-resistant. Some types of turquish need shelter for the winter (turquish ovalnoliste, turquish dense, turquish sharp, turquoine ybot).
Application
Used in soliter (for curly haircuts), group and landings, to create; Well decorates economic buildings, fences, walls. Well formed. It looks very impressive, due to the high decorativeness of plants. For living ingredients, winter-hardy trees are used. Less winter-hardy species are planting in groups with other shrubs and perennials.
Care
Very unpretentious. Spring bushes have thinned, remove sore branches. Live hedges from turquish Stream in May and August. It is advisable for the winter to stream or bent to the ground, as they can freeze. (The most winter-hardy species - turquoise ordinary and turquish Jesse - are easily restored after frost). The feeder produces in a spring every 2-3 years.
Reproduction
The reproduction of turquoons is made (in summer or in the fall), seeds ,. The seeds of turquoons and turquist saplings can be bought in the garden center or order on the Internet.
Diseases and pests
Practically not amazed; Very rarely, turquish mole or solar can appear (in this case, spraying).
Popular varieties
The greatest popularity of the grades of turquish ordinary
'Aureum' - A slow-growing half-tree-stone, ill-sighted grade of turquish height not more than 1 m. The color of the leaves is golden. The turquoine 'Aureum' often frozen.
'Aureo-variegatum' - a medustigious non-driving shrub. Golden leaves and motley. The height of this variety is about 1 m. Winter hardiness is low.
'Glaucum albo-marginatum' - Leaves bluish-green with narrow nasa or white border.
'Vicari' - Halfweight shrub with a dense crown up to 1 m. They grow this grade of turquish ordinary in covert place. The leaves are wide, oval, golden-yellow (winter - bronze-purple). Flowers turquish 'vicar' in the middle of summer.
'Pyramidale' - Pyramidal form.
'Pendulum' - Weeping form.
'Glaucum' - White-sized leaves.
'Glaucum albo-marginatum' - Size leaves with white border.
'Sempervirens' - evergreen shrub.
The genus of Turkish (Ligustrum) includes several dozen species, mainly shrubs growing in Asia countries in Africa and Europe.
Most of the types of culture can be found in Himalayas, Japan and China. The crust bark has an astringent medical property, hence the name of the genus - "Ligare", from the Latin verb "to connect". Interestingly, in English-speaking countries, the plant is known as Privet.
Good shadowness, low requirements for the quality of soil, tolerance for curly haircut and ease of care made a decorative shrub turquoine one of the most universal landscape design plants.
Description of turquoons
The plant is a densely humble, branched and very hardy shrub, which is one of the most popular in horticulture to create live elevations.
Leaves are small, leathery, evergreen or deciduous. The height depending on the type of approximately 1.5-3 meters, but the growth is perfectly controlled by cropping, which helps to form the most different form of plantations. The height of dwarf varieties is only 60 -100 cm.
White and fragrant flowers, collected in loose buggy inflorescences on the vertices of shoots, resemble lilac flowers. Blossom is long, usually begins in early June. In the warm climate it can begin before. After flowing, brilliant black berries ripen, which usually remain on the bushes all winter.
Berries are poisonous for both dogs and people, and leaves can be even more toxic in large quantities. The toxicity is due to the presence of terpenoid glycosides, which cause the body poisoning.
Types of decorative bushes of turquish
Biryuchi ordinary (Ligustrum Vulgare). The most endless deciduous view that can most often keep in the garden as a living hedge. It is characterized by good winter hardiness and shadowness.
The efforts of breeders were derived decorative varieties, which are distinguished by their form of crowns: a pyramidal shape, molding, evergreen, as well as a color of foliage: turquoise auraa, sisaya, a variegated group with motley foliage and yellow-beam.
Biryuchi brilliant (Ligustrum Lucidum). This is a sufficiently small evergreen village or bush with glossy, ovoid, motley leaves, green with beige-yellow spots or border. Flowers small, cream, fragrant, collected in inflorescences up to 20 cm long. Flowers from July and before the beginning of autumn. Withstand frosts up to minus 15 ̊c.
Excelsum Superbum variety is a low evergreen or a half-green tree with small glossy green leaves with a bright yellow rim on the edges.
The Curly Wurly variety is an unusual form, as if twisted, painted in beige-green.
Biryuchi Japan (Ligustrum Japonicum). In its appearance, it is very similar to Ligustrum Lucidum, but in growing more winter-hardy. Sheets are small, evergreen, leathery, glossy.
In colors, the smell is unpleasant, but it is fully compensated by the high decorativeness of the species, which includes a group of turquoous round and a group with motley foliage. For example, "Sunshine" is a sterile grade with gold foliage or "Jack Frost" - golden green leaves.
Turkey Chinese (Ligustrum Sinense). Half-impassive large shrub reaching 3 meters in height. It has small yellow-green motley leaves. Adapts to various soil types. Gardening is popular with dweller volatile varieties, such as Swift Creek - a small spacious bush with creamy-green leaves.
"SWIFT CREEK" Birchika ovalnoliste (Ligustrum Ovalifolium). Low and tight shrub with motley, evergreen foliage. For the winter he needs shelter due to sensitivity to frosts.
Depending on the color is divided into groups:
- various greenolithic group with light, more often white border on the edges of the leaf plate;
- the silver group of Argentum, the foliage of which is also bordered by a beige or light yellow stripe;
- aureum or turquoise Golden Group is one of the most sought-after landscape design. It is a dense, compact bush near a height meter with oval, citric yellow or salado-yellow leaves. The magnificent dwarf grade "Lemon and Lime" with golden leaves that contrast with dark red or purple berries.
How to plant turquoons
A place in the garden for planting the turquish will be suitable for almost any, but in order for Cracic to reach the peak of his attractiveness, plant it better in an outdoor sunny place, especially volatile varieties and species. Culture grows well on many types of substrate with good water permeability, but do not expect the prosperity of plantings on soils with an increased acidic reaction, heavy clay and sandy.
A mixture of three parts of the delicate garden land, two parts of a humus and one part of coarse sand for water permeability are considered the best composition of growing soil for growing.
Landing single shrubs spend in spring or autumn in September-October, and turquoine for lively hedges recommended to disembark from the end of March to summer. Although bushes with a closed root system can be planted all season.
Fertilizer is brought immediately during the landing of turquish in the ground. It is well suitable for feeding 130 g of nitroammofoski or mixed the ground from the landing pit with humus, a compost or a small part of the reworked manure.
A landing pit should be 30 cm more root ball. Water poured into it, and when it absorbs, put the roots of the plant and fall asleep with soil. The first time is needed regular watering. Specialists are recommended to climb the ground around the plantings with a compost or peat. Mulch will provide additional feeding during the season, support the necessary soil moisture and will control the growth of weeds.
Details about the types of mulch and the benefits of mulching can be found in this
The bushes designed to create a living hedge of turquish are planted in one or two rows. The width of the dug trench is 60 cm, and its depth is 80 cm. If we want to have a single-row elevation, then we plant the bushes in a straight line with a distance of 50-60 cm between the bushes in the half. In a sunny place, adhere to the range of 80 cm.
In the case of a double-row living hedge of turquish, two trenches dig up, located at a distance of about half a meter from each other. Planting seedlings are carried out in a checker order.
Turkish care rules
The care of turquoine throughout the season is in the timely irrigation of the soil, annual trimming and removal of weeds. The plant can withstand long droughts, so watering is carried out only in dry summer as needed.
The optimal irrigation mode is 3-4 times per season, but it is abundantly so that the earth is impregnated with moisture to a depth of 40-50 cm, it is about 2-3 buckets on a medium height bush. Small plantings to the meter are enough to water 10 liters at a time. Young shrubs require more frequent irrigation during drought, as their roots are still not extensive enough.
Despite the shadowless shrub prefers sunny position or light half. With a shortage of lighting, the density of foliage decreases, and in the distrection varieties the brightness of the color will fill.
In July, the land around the plantations are carefully loose after irrigation to increase the access of oxygen to the roots. After loosening, a mulch layer is poured again.
The feeders are carried out in the spring of organic fertilizers: a compost or humus. Livestore is more demanding more demanding to feed, so once in the spring and once in the summer along the plantations, the organic and granules of mineral multicomponent fertilizers pour out, at the rate of 10 g per 1 meter. After which the plants are watered.
Trimming turquoons
As mentioned above, in care of the decorative shrub, the turquoine includes pruning sanitary and at will - formative.
Annual procedure stimulates adhesive and promotes the formation of a compact bush with dense foliage. Current can be experimenting in the creation of topics, since due to intense growth of the plant, you can quickly hide the unsuccessful haircut. The plant is ideal for creating.
To create a dense and thick crown of plantings or alive hedges, shoots turquoise seedlings after landing are cut by 2/3. In the summer, new young shoots are shortened by 10-20 cm. And for 2-3 years. During this time, the shrub intensively develops numerous side shoots. The greater the green mass, the more easier it will be to do the necessary haircut or create.
Old bushes can be rejected by cutting all the shoots to a height of 10-20 cm. A year before the planned rejuvenation, the plant requires regular irrigation and feeding so that the bush takes the strength before radical trimming. Sanitary trimming of all plantings is carried out annually in the spring. Remove dry, old, broken branches.
The reproduction of turquoons
Methods of reproduction of decorative bushes of turquish include: seed method, shilling, young gaze or root pig.
The reproduction of turquish seeds
Because of the low germination of seeds, this method is considered rather difficult, especially since the culture is for the first time begins only for the age of 6. For germination, seeds need to be stratified by cold, so they are seeded in open ground under the winter. For spring sowing, seeds must be kept all winter in a box with a sandy-peat mixture at a temperature of 0-1 ̊c. The fridge is best suited for storage.
The seed method is usually used in nurseries, and in private gardening the simplest and efficient method for obtaining new seedlings is vegetative.
The reproduction of turquish cuttings
Wooden cuttings with a length of 15-25 cm are cut in summer after the bush is brutened. The lower sheets are broken, and the sections are dipped into the powder stimulating the root formation. Blowed by 5-7 cm in a mixture of peat and perlite.
After landing, they watered well from the watering can and put a pot into transparent or covered with a plastic bottle. Location - half. In the conditions of constant humidity of the substrate and air, the rooting process takes 14-20 days.
When signs of growth appear, the cover is removed, and the cuttings are rearranged into the illuminated place. The further development process of the root system takes about a year. Therefore, the cuttings fall into the house and grow indoors, transplanting as it grows into a larger pot into fertile soil.
It should be noted that in winter seedlings it is necessary to provide cool conditions, and from the spring to start feeding. By the next summer, we will get a full-fledged planting material.
Reproduction with grooves and pig
In the spring, the lateral escape is closer to the base, cut down a cut down and fasten in a pre-dug-out groove 1-2 cm deep. In place of a cutting point, the tank is sprinkled with a compost and lay the moss with a sphagnum that should always be wet. When signs of rooting appear (the escape will appear new leaves), the drain is separated from the parent plant. Some species form a root crust around the bush, which you can dig with part of the root.
Diseases and pests
Excess moisture and poor air circulation can lead to the development of fungal diseases that manifest themselves with a gray or whitish flaw on the surface of the leaves. In this case, plantings are treated with fungicidal preparations. There is also the risk of attacking Tly, from which you can get rid of people's ways.
Spotted foliage is characterized by the appearance of brown spots. Disease is treated with the processing of Dithane Neutec 75 WG or Topsin M 500 SC.
Turkey ordinary - L. vulgare. L.In natural conditions, it grows in the southern and southwestern regions of Ukraine, Northern Moldova, in the mountainous Crimea and in the Caucasus, in Central and Southern Europe, North Africa and Asia Minor. In the undergrowth of oak forests and thickets of shrubs, often on chalk soils. Shadowish xero-mesophytic.
Fall, gustan bush up to 5 m height. Leaves are oblong-egg-shaped or lanceal, naked, leathery, on top of dark green, from below lighter. Flowers are small, white, fragrant, in dense standing panicles before -B cm long. Flowers in the first half of the summer for 20-25 days. The fruits are brilliant, beagle-like, black hillocks that are saved on the bushes until January.
In my youth, it grows quickly, pretty frost resistant, withstands a short-term decrease in temperature to -30 ° C, drought resistant, put up with different types of soil, grows well on the soils containing lime, even takes out a small salinization. There is not enough frost-resistant in the conditions of the Moscow region, needs shelter, in cold winters can heal a lot, plant in a protected place. Suitable for southern regions of Russia. Perfectly grows in urban environments, it is good, forming dense, preserving the shape of living hedges and various figures. It is multiplied by seeds, root siblings, grooves, weathered and green cuttings. It is often used as a collection for other types of turquish, lilacs, olives.
In the GBS since 1941, 3 samples (33 copies) of the vegetative reproduction of the GBS and unknown origin. Shrub, at 10 years Height 1.5 m, the diameter of the crown is 130 cm. Vegetables from 30.IV ± 9 to 21.x ± 6 for 174 days. In the first 3 years, the growth rate of the average. Flowers from 26.vi ± 13 to 22.vii ± 32 for 26 days. Fruit from 6 years, fruits ripen 2.x ± 18. The mass of 100 fruits up to 16 g. The mass of 1000 seed 25 g g gives plants from the seeds of the Reproduction of the GBS. Winter hardiness average. The viability of seed 60%. 95% of the cuttings are rooted when processing 0.01% IMC solution. Decorative. Used in the gardening of Moscow.
One of the best shrubs for living ingreders, edges, undergrowth in a group of trees with a crooked crown. Beautiful material for curls. Decorative forms are good in single and loose-group landings. In culture since ancient times.
Has more than 10 decorative forms: pyramidal(f. Pyramidale), plakuchech (f. pendulum); size (f. Glaucum) and sIZO-white Caemened (f. Glaucum albo-marginatum) - on the color of the leaves; evergreen (f. sempervirens), golden (F.Aureum), golden-Pestruy (f. aureo-variegatum), yellowish (f. LuteSCENS) - with more intense color flowers; silver-Pestruya (f. argento-marginatum) - on the color of the leaves and two forms on the painting of fruits - whiteoploy and yellow-plant (f. Leucocarpa and f. Xanthocarpa).
"Aureum.". A slow-growing half-green shrub tall is not more than 0.8-1.0 m with a foliage of golden color. In the conditions of the middle strip of Russia in warm winter, part of the leaves remains on the branches. The plants of this form do not bloom.
In the GBS since 1958 1 copy. Grown from seeds derived from Geneva (Switzerland), and 6 copies. Vegetative reproduction of GBS of different years. Shrub, 10 years to 1.3 m high, the diameter of the crown 120 cm. Vegethes from mid-April to the second decade of October. Rose growth rate. Do not bloom. Winter hardiness is very low. 98% of summer cuttings are rooted. In the gardening of Moscow is not used. Decorative shrub due to bright contrasting color of the leaves. You can use with a good shelter with snow or in areas with a softer climate.
"Aureo-variegatum". A shrub tall of about 1 m with golden-motley leaves, does not bloom. In the GBS since 1960, 3 copies are grown from seedlings obtained from Poland. Shrub, at 10 years height 1.2 m, the diameter of the crown 120 cm, in 30 years - no higher than 1.3 m. Sometimes grows up to 1.8-2.5 m. Vegethes from mid-April to the second half of October. Middle growth rate. It does not bloom. Winter hardiness is low. Round up to 100% summer cuttings
"Glaucum albo-marginatum"- with bluish-green leaves having a native or white, quite narrow bordering.
"Vicari.". Halfrenhal shrub with a dense crown does not exceed 1 m (in a protected place, with annual shelter for the winter). Golden-yellow leaves, wide, oval, up to b long. By winter they become bronze-violet. In the middle of summer The bush appears small white fragrant flowers.
Photo of Tkachenko Kirill