How many hours does the janitor work. Who is responsible for cleaning the adjacent territory (courtyards) of an apartment building or whose duty it is: what should the janitors do

Many management organizations of apartment buildings have quite natural questions about how snow should be removed in the yards, how long this work should be done so as not to receive a fine. Our article will help you understand all the intricacies of this topic.

Who should clean the snow in the yards

Snow removal in courtyards, in adjoining territories, in front of entrances and on sidewalks should be dealt with by the management company (MC) serving the house. It can be DEZ, a private management company or another contractor. If necessary, cleaning of roofs from icicles and removal of snow is carried out with the participation of specialized services and equipment.

Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003 No. 170 (clause 3.6.1) states that the duty of service organizations is to clean the yards and areas around houses from precipitation and debris.

A detailed list of all the services that an economic company must provide to residents of an apartment building (MKD) is contained in the management contract. Sample contracts can be downloaded below. As for information on the estimated cost of services and the frequency of their provision, it is given in the annexes to the agreement.

Owners of apartments in MKD should be aware that the list of works in the contract is drawn up on the basis of legislative rules and regulations, and not at the discretion of the Criminal Code. All service organizations, whether it is a private management company or DEZ, are obliged to follow the requirements for the maintenance of buildings, courtyards and adjoining territories, which are set out in Government decrees.

If the business organization does not comply with the terms of the contract, the apartment owners have every right to apply for a recalculation of payments for the period when the service was absent or was carried out poorly or not in full. If the tenants do not have a copy of the signed service agreement, in accordance with Art. 162 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, they can contact the management company with a requirement to provide a copy of the document.

Snow removal rates in yards

Of course, coping with the consequences of a heavy snowfall is simply impossible overnight: this will require a significant workforce and the appropriate snow removal equipment. At the same time, the law defines the time intervals during which management companies and utilities are required to clean the yards. For this, there is a corresponding regulatory documentation.

"Rules and Norms for the Technical Operation of Housing Stock MDK 2-03.2003" contain a detailed description of the process of work in the adjoining territories, as well as the division of sidewalks into three classes, in accordance with which a schedule for clearing snow in the yards is created.

If there is no precipitation, cleaning of the adjoining areas should be carried out in the morning hours every day. If the snow cover is not more than 2 cm thick, the janitors must simply sweep the area. If the amount of precipitation falls exceeds a layer of 2 cm, it should move the drifts to the edge of the sidewalk. The duties of a janitor also include removing ice.

In case of snowfall, the yard should be removed from precipitation with the following frequency:

• every 3 hours, sidewalks of low traffic are removed, the traffic intensity on which does not exceed 50 people per hour;
• with an interval of 2 hours, paths should be cleared of precipitation, the permeability of which is in the range from 50 to 100 people per hour;
• sidewalks with traffic of more than 100 people per hour are cleaned hourly.

Snow removal is carried out in the courtyards continuously in the event that, due to precipitation, movement around the local area becomes impossible. At the same time, the duties of the janitor include not clearing the entire road, but only paths 3 m wide, along which pedestrians can freely move.

In accordance with legislative norms, the consequences of snowfall must be completely eliminated within 6 hours after its end.

What are the deadlines for cleaning sidewalks from snow in yards?

The classification of sidewalks by 3 types depending on their hourly permeability is given in the Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003 No. 170. The appendix to this Resolution contains information that the frequency of snow removal in yards is determined by the following factors:

• sidewalk class;
• air temperature;
• the amount of precipitation.

Sidewalk class	Period in hours, depending on the air temperature (о С) during snowfall		Frequency outside snowfall (in days)
	Below -2 degrees	Above -2 degrees
	Every 3 hours	Every 1.5 hours	Three
	Every 2 hours	Each hour	In two
	Each hour	Every half hour	Through some

In the northern climatic zone of Russia, the specified periods for snow removal in courtyards in the presence of precipitation are reduced, and in some cases continuous work is envisaged to free the area near the house.

In the capital, there are also other standards for the clearing of territories, which are determined by the Decree of the Moscow government "On Moscow standards for the operation of the housing stock" dated June 4, 1996 No. 465. Appendix 9 to this Decree provides a breakdown of sidewalks into 5 classes depending on their passability:

• less than 50 people / hour - 1st class;
• 50-150 people / hour - 2nd class;
• 150-500 people / hour - 3rd grade;
• 500-2000 people / hour - 4th grade;
• more than 2000 people / hour - 5th grade.

The table describes the frequency of cleaning in the yards, which is regulated by the Appendix to ZhNM-96-01 / 8:

	Sidewalk classes
Type of work
Sweeping on days without snow	Once every two days	Once a day
Sweeping fresh snow when falling less than 2 cm	Once a day			Twice a day
Displacement of a layer of fresh snow when falling more than 2 cm	Once a day		Three times a day	Four times a day
Cleaning from ice, ice chipping	Once every three days	Once every two days	Once a day

The procedure for cleaning the yards

Snow removal in courtyards is a set of works aimed at clearing the area of \u200b\u200badjoining territories from urban or suburban buildings from precipitation. Near multi-storey buildings, such work is carried out regularly with the involvement of specialized organizations. Cleaning is carried out using mechanized devices or, in the presence of a large amount of precipitation, automated devices.

There are certain stages of liquidation of solid sediments:

• removing ice and snow from asphalt surfaces using special scrapers and shovels;
• cleaning in the area of \u200b\u200bgreen spaces, which is carried out as carefully as possible in order not to damage the plants;
• cleaning playgrounds from precipitation, while special plastic scrapers are used to work with rubber surfaces;
• treatment of tracks with sand or a special compound that prevents the formation of ice;
• transportation of snow masses using special equipment to the landfill, their disposal.

Manual and mechanized snow removal

Depending on the method of carrying out, there are two types of snow removal from the territory.

1) Manual.

In the courtyard of a private house, on a small area in front of a store or on the porch of a kindergarten, from an economic point of view, it is inexpedient to carry out mechanized cleaning from precipitation. Therefore, in small areas, which are only slightly covered with snow, manual cleaning is used using scrapers and snow shovels. In addition, it is impossible to get rid of ice on the steps of the porch or the road using technology.

2) Mechanized.

If you need to free up not a path in the yard, but, for example, a loading area at a factory or a supermarket parking lot, then it would be advisable to use the mechanized cleaning service. It is carried out using snow removal equipment, loaders, tractors and dump trucks, therefore, it allows you to efficiently and quickly cope with the consequences of even the heaviest snowfall over a vast area.

Professional cleaning is carried out on roadways, driveways, parking lots, sidewalks and other adjacent areas. Snow masses are raked into heaps, which are placed along the vehicle's passage line, or loaded into a dump truck immediately. After the completion of the work, they are transported from the cleared area.

Cleaning rules

When cleaning the yard from snow, as with any other type of work, certain rules should be followed. Responsibility for the elimination of solid precipitation and ice at the entrances of residential buildings, as well as on the territory of nearby parking lots and sidewalks rests with the janitors. Cleaning of freshly fallen snow in the yards is permissible with a broom.

The level of snowdrifts, which, in accordance with the rules, is permissible on courtyard lawns, is 80 cm. If this figure is exceeded, then snow deposits must be removed from such an area.

To eliminate snowdrifts more than 2 meters high, special equipment should be used - rotors, foreign manipulators or Russian tractors. Meanwhile, it should be noted that there is an acute shortage of equipment in most of the Russian settlements.

According to the "Regulations for mechanized and manual cleaning", snow cleaning in the yards must be carried out in the morning no earlier than 7.00 and in the evening no later than 23.00. The time limits can be shifted during very intense rainfall.

The frequency of yard cleaning is also determined by strict guidelines. If precipitation has an intensity of 2 cm / hour, the wipers are required to clean every 2-3 hours, while a heap for removal must be formed once a day. At the same time, teams of workers for complex cleaning should be replaced every 4 hours.

Today, janitors widely use special chemicals to combat ice in the courtyards of residential buildings and on sidewalks. At the same time, many residents of settlements are wondering whether this is legal, because such reagents can ruin clothes and shoes. There are standards for the use of the so-called PGR in yards, according to which the share of the territory treated with special means cannot exceed 30% of the total area. As for sidewalks, the amount of reagents should not exceed 200 g per square meter.

• Deicing materials: how to test, where to store and where to buy

Inadequate snow removal in yards: where residents can complain

If the cleaning of snow and ice in the yard is carried out poorly or not at all, the owner has every right to file a claim with the managing organization. A complaint can be written on behalf of a single tenant or several (collective complaint).

Today, it is necessary to combat the negligence of public utilities systematically and methodically, avoiding even the smallest errors of a legal nature. A complaint to the management company must be prepared competently, in accordance with certain requirements.

In a letter with a claim, you must indicate who is its author (full name, address) and the recipient, then the essence of the complaint should be stated, and at the bottom of the text - the date of writing. Finally, you need to sign the document. The text of the appeal can be presented in free form or according to the sample given below.

Approximate algorithm for drawing up a claim as follows.

• At the top of the document, you must specify the recipient information.
• Below, in the middle of the page, follows the name of the document ("statement", "claim").
• Then the essence of the complaint is stated, for example: “I (full name), residence address, according to the concluded agreement, am a consumer of the services provided by the management company (the name of the organization is indicated). Payment for services (their list) is made by me in a timely manner and in accordance with the established rules. " The following is a list of violations by the Criminal Code.
• In the final part of the document, there is a list of requirements put forward by residents of an apartment building, with reference to the law of the Russian Federation "On Protection of Consumer Rights" (Articles 27-31) and the Rules for the Provision of Utilities as the grounds for their implementation.
• At the end there is a request to the management company to take action, date and signatures of the authors.

The document must be drawn up in two copies, on one of them (this may be a copy) the Criminal Code employee who accepted the complaint signs, confirming the fact of its receipt.

The legislation defines period of consideration by management companies of claims from residents:

• on urgent matters - from 1 to 5 days;
• on current issues - no more than 30 days from the date of submission.

If the management company ignored the residents' complaint and did not fix the problem, the complainants can refer the complaint to a higher organization, for example, the district government or the county prefecture. At the same time, claims that relate to issues of violation of contractual relations and the quality of services are considered by the prosecutor's office, as well as by the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare.

In other words, if the management organization further ignores the requirements set forth in the complaint, the apartment owners have every right to declare this fact to the court or prosecutor's office. The first option is preferable for the reason that the execution by the defendant of the court decision will be officially controlled by the bailiffs.

How is snow removal in the yard controlled

Compliance with legislation on clearing snow from the yard is monitored by municipal housing inspectors. Supervision over the maintenance of common property belongs to the sphere of their powers. In order for the inspectors to take action, residents should report the violation to the municipal administration.

Management companies coordinate the frequency of snow removal in the courtyards with the residents of each house. If necessary, the contract also includes a service for its removal. These issues are resolved in a similar manner if the house is managed by an HOA.

Often, in an effort to save money, apartment owners order 2-3 cleanings in the winter, which is clearly not enough. However, in this case, the Criminal Code carries out the instructions of the tenants, so the frequency of cleaning does not cause complaints from the municipal control authorities.

The minimum list of works to be performed by the management organization in terms of snow removal is specified in the government decree No. 290 dated April 3, 2013. Residents can order more works than specified in this document. The Criminal Code takes an additional fee for this. For example, it is according to this scheme that you can order the cleaning of the playground, which does not belong to the local area (although it is considered common property).

Additional works are agreed at the general meeting, more than 50% of the owners must agree with them. In this case, the Criminal Code takes over the solution of these tasks and enters their payment in the receipts. If the decision is made in accordance with all the rules, then the extended list of works must be paid by all tenants, even if they do not agree with this innovation.

Residents of houses do not always know exactly where to complain about uncleared snow in the yard. Most often, they turn to the local administration, and there they are already forwarded to their destination - to the regional State Housing Inspectorate. This organization usually responds very quickly to requests. Its inspectors visit the designated courtyard, draw up a protocol and issue instructions on fines for the Criminal Code.

So that the managing organization does not have to explain to the GZI for each untimely cleaned snowdrift, it is necessary to establish and maintain good feedback with residents. This is not easy, since you have to weed out a lot of unfounded claims, spend time and effort on this. However, here you need to make a choice - either your residents, first of all, call the Criminal Code, the problem is fixed and eliminated as a matter of priority, or they immediately contact the housing inspection, which entails additional difficulties in work and regular fines.

High-quality and timely snow removal in the courtyards is also hampered by the fact that today the boundaries of many common house land plots are indicated in the cadastral passport of the house, but not taken out in kind. In this case, questions arise about which territories are cleared of precipitation by the management company or the HOA, and which - by the municipality.

Expert opinion

Failure to clear snow in the yard may result in a fine

Ruslan Popov,

head of Intel-Legal Law Firm

Regulatory acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation also provide for administrative liability in relation to homeowners' associations, UK, ZhK and other SEC for unfair work to clean up yards from precipitation.

For example, article art. 6.12 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Moscow Region, which was adopted by the Law of the Moscow Region of 04.05.2016 No. 37/2016-OZ, states that failure to remove snow and ice from the roof of apartment buildings entails liability. Legal entities are subject to a fine of up to 70 thousand rubles.

Let's analyze one of the recent examples with penalties against the Criminal Code for poor snow cleaning. This will provide insight into the proactive steps management organizations should take to avoid punishment during the busy winter. Acquaintance with the practice is necessary in order to understand which violations of the Criminal Code are most often brought to justice.
For example, in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, management companies received many fines this winter due to uncleared snow brought by cyclones. By the beginning of January 2018, the total amount of fines amounted to 300,000 rubles. The main claims of local authorities are in the failure to comply with the legal deadlines. So, in 3 hours after the end of the cyclone, entrances and sidewalks must be cleared to ensure the safety of movement of residents. Only after that cleaning begins in the rest of the area around the house.

Fines are usually imposed during the most difficult period, when it is snowing heavily, and many Criminal Code really do not have time to cope with their responsibilities. At such moments, the largest number of complaints is received from residents, and the regulatory authorities are forced to respond to them. They intensify raiding activities, and on-site inspectors record the presence or absence of violations.

To reduce the likelihood of imposing a fine for untimely cleaning of the yard, the managing organization needs to:

• follow the weather forecasts and be ready to quickly begin to eliminate the consequences of snowfall;
• primarily work in the most critical areas related to the safety of people;
• be ready to clean around the clock and without interruption. Sometimes it is required to work in this particular mode, and saving on wipers can lead to a serious fine;
• comply with the terms of clearing sidewalks, motorways, removal of stored snow, and so on;
• be prepared to meet the yard monitors and tell them about ongoing work.

For the storage of snow masses on sidewalks and walkways in yards in the Administrative Code of the Moscow Region there is a separate article - 6.13. Under it, organizations can be fined up to 50,000 rubles.

Frequently asked questions about clearing snow in yards

1. How quickly should the snow be removed?

There are certain standards for cleaning yards, sidewalks and roadways. In addition, the requirements depend on the duration of precipitation.

If they are protracted - it snows more than half a day - work must be carried out without interruption. In case of short precipitation, snow sweepers should clean the carriageway immediately after it ends. In this case, 3 hours are given for street cleaning. As for the sidewalks, they also need to be cleaned immediately, however, more time is allotted for full ordering - 4 hours.

2. What is the reason for the formation of a snow mixture?

We often see a mess near shops, at crossings, at intersections. It appears due to the fact that the snow was not destroyed in a timely manner, but a reagent got into the territory: liquid from the roadway, which is transported by the wheels of cars, or solid from the sidewalks, adhering to the soles of passers-by. To prevent the formation of such a mess, you need to quickly remove snow in yards, and especially in crowded places.

3. Whose job is it to clean up parking pockets?

These areas are cleaned by the persons or organizations responsible for the area in which they are located. If we are talking about parking pockets near shops, clinics, and other institutions, they are cleaned by the wipers serving this area. Snow removal from parking lots in courtyards is carried out by management companies.

Removal of sediment from under cars parked near the MKD is carried out manually using a broom or shovel. If it is not possible to do this and for several days the caretaker cannot find the owner of the vehicle so that he can move the car, then by law the wipers can do it themselves. The car is moved by a tow truck to another place in the line of sight. A similar procedure applies to cars that have been parked along the roadway.

4. How do ice and snow rolls appear?

Ice and snow rolls represent snow compacted by feet or wheels. To prevent their appearance, it is necessary to remove compacted snow in the yards - once a day, on sidewalks and roads - immediately after sweeping. For this purpose, windshield wipers use ice axes and scrapers, and snow removal equipment is equipped with special knives.

5. How many reagents are allowed to be used?

When treating the territory of the courtyard with reagents, the janitor should use a special dispensing trolley, on the handle of which there is a panel with divisions. Having adjusted the required amount on it - for example, 100 grams - the worker pushes the trolley forward, and the reagent fanned out at a distance of a meter in all directions. The same territory is not allowed to be treated with special equipment more than 50 times during the season.

There are strict restrictions on reagent consumption:

• up to 80-100 g per 1 square meter - at temperatures from 0 to minus 6 degrees;
• up to 120 g - if the thermometer drops below.

In severe frosts, more reagent is required. However, it is not a single dose of the substance that should be increased, but the number of treatments of the territory (there may be 2-3 of them during the day). In any case, it is forbidden to use more than 200 g of reagent per 1 sq. square meter.

6. What other restrictions are there on the use of reagents?

It is allowed to use reagents at the entrances of residential buildings and on sidewalks, but no more than 30% of the total area can be processed. It is prohibited to sprinkle chemicals in parks and squares, on the territory of green areas and playgrounds.

7. What reagent is used in Moscow now?

From 2004 to 2007, the use of reagents when removing snow in the courtyards of Moscow was prohibited. This led to the glaciation of the territory, due to which the inhabitants of the capital fell en masse, fractures became more frequent. Therefore, according to the requirements of the regulations, the anti-icing composition has again become a mandatory element.

So, in 2008, the use of chemicals in Moscow was resumed, but liquid salt solutions, which led to drying out of vegetation and damage to shoes, were replaced with the KR-2 reagent.

Certified solid complex agent KR-2, which has been recognized as safe for the environment, is a white marble crumb with the addition of edible salt (sodium chloride) and formic acid salt (sodium formate). This chemical is supplied to the districts. The reagent is scattered on command in the event that asphalt freezing is observed, or when a forecast of a decrease in temperature is received. The consumption rate of KR-2 is determined centrally and is 30-40 grams per 1 square meter of area.

8. Who finances the snow removal in the yards?

“Methodological guide for the maintenance and repair of the housing stock. МДК 2-04.2004 "(p. 3.2.2.) States that the responsibilities of the owners of residential buildings, including municipal and state ones, include:

• financing of a mandatory complex of works on maintenance and restoration of apartment buildings;
• control over the performance of management functions;
• provision of additional work that is paid by consumers.

In other words, snow removal in yards is funded by:

• owners and tenants of residential premises;
• local government and state authorities.

When owners and tenants of premises pay for cleaning in courtyards, the principles of freedom of movement of citizens and fairness of joint urban residence apply. This means that everyone has the right to move around and park their car in a landscaped area free of snow. At the same time, to which house he is heading - his own or someone else's - does not matter. A citizen, in turn, must follow generally binding laws and pay taxes to the budgetary system of the Russian Federation, and not to an individualized budget at the place of work or residence.

9. Is it allowed to clear snow in yards at night?

If precipitation does not stop in the evening and the snow cover increases at a rate of more than 2 cm per hour, according to the regulations, it should be carried out continuously. The Department of Housing and Public Utilities and Improvement sends a telephone message about the transition to a round-the-clock operation. In each area there are tractors, which are cleaned in the yards in turn during heavy snowfall.

Also, do not forget about the law of silence, which regulates the noise level when working at night.

10. What to do if the residents' cars prevent snow removal in the yard?

Situations often arise when apartment owners refuse to move their cars even for 2-3 hours, and because of this, cleaning in the yard with a tractor becomes impossible. At the same time, residents refer to the fact that their cars are parked in the territory, which is part of their common property. In this case, the owners of apartments in MKD should be reminded of the requirements of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, which obliges them to maintain collective property in proper condition.

The minimum distance between living quarters and parking lots is also regulated by law. These requirements are set out in SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200-03 (new edition, Table 7.1.1.), Which were approved by the decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of September 25, 2007 No. 74. Using these standards, the managing organization can apply with a complaint about negligent tenants to the relevant authorities.

Expert opinion

Build relationships with residents

Alexander Kolomeitsev,

general Director of NP "National Association of Organizations of Housing and Communal Services"

Involve active tenants with free time in the home and do it regularly. Active apartment owners will gladly accept your offer, and soon they will certainly support you in raising funds for renovations.

Invite tenants to participate in the inspection of the common house property, provide them with more information about everything related to the house. Post informational announcements, place notices of the following type: “Attention! On January 15, snow removal in the courtyard will be carried out - please move the cars parked near the house. "

Seeing that the UK seeks to interact, active residents of the house will understand what your job is and feel like participants in it. Indeed, in fact, many of them are sure that managers are engaged exclusively in raising funds for repairs and do nothing else. Explain to the apartment owners that the employment hours of the management company employees and many tenants are the same, so it is very difficult to see the utilities at work. In addition, many activities need to be carried out in attics and basements, therefore, monitoring them is also very problematic.

Snow removal in courtyards abroad: experience of different countries

• Scandinavia and Central Europe

Snow pampers Sweden, Finland, Denmark in winter no less than the middle zone of Russia. However, in these countries, the authorities refused to treat the territory with reagents, so as not to harm the environment and urban economy. The same rules apply in the countries of central Europe. For example, in the capital of Germany, it is allowed to sprinkle extremely dangerous sections of roads with salt, which is supplied to Europeans, by the way, by Russian enterprises.

Snow removal in yards and other places is carried out using abrasive substances (stone chips or gravel). After use, the materials are collected and screened out, which allows them to be reused. In the spring, in order to collect the remains of abrasives, special vacuum cleaners are used. By the way, many European countries do not use sand for icy conditions precisely because it is too difficult to collect for reuse.

Abrasive materials are able not only to cope with ice, but also significantly improve traction. However, they will be effective only if the snow is removed in time. For example, in the Scandinavian countries it is customary to leave a few centimeters of snow, which rolls along with the gravel and forms a surface with excellent traction characteristics. But in Germany, Switzerland and Austria, snow is cleaned off to the very asphalt.

This method is successfully applied in European countries, primarily due to the efficiency of utilities. In large cities in Sweden and Finland, for example, snow removal equipment is ready to start eliminating the consequences of snow at any time of the day.

In the event of particularly heavy rainfall, when any measures to clear snow from the yards and on the roads are not able to save the situation, even in Finnish cities there are traffic jams. Undoubtedly, they bear little resemblance to Moscow's congestion tens of kilometers long, because, for example, Helsinki is several times smaller than the capital of Russia.

In a country like Sweden, even snow removal in the courtyards was not without innovations. In an effort to make the method of simultaneous laying of snow and abrasive materials more perfect, the scientist Torgeir Vaa began to spray sand onto the packed snow in the following proportions: seven parts of sand to three parts of hot water.

Thanks to this combination, the sand is better melted into the snow, which allows you to maintain excellent grip on the track for up to 7 days (of course, provided that there is no new precipitation). Despite the fact that this technology requires special expensive equipment, it has been used since 2004 in some cities in Sweden.

• USA and Canada

In the United States, heavy snowfalls do not occur as often as in Russia, for this reason there are not many large cities in the country that are familiar with specific winter problems. In areas suffering from heavy winter rainfall, yard cleaning is performed:

• municipal authorities - when it comes to major highways and main streets;
• by private individuals working on a government contract - on smaller streets and roads;
• owners of their own homes. They must clean their yards within 24 hours after a snowfall, otherwise the citizens of the country face fines.

Technologically speaking, snow cleaning in the US is not doing well. In contrast to Russia, where sodium chloride is used for road treatment, in the United States, magnesium chloride is used for this purpose. This substance is sourced from the Great Lakes and damages metal structures, thereby damaging car owners and the urban economy in general.

At the same time, cleaning in the yards and on the streets of the United States is carried out much more quickly, which significantly reduces the time of exposure to a hazardous reagent.

Canada is aware of heavy and frequent snowfalls firsthand, and reagents are used everywhere. In large cities such as Vancouver, the asphalt is so abundant that it is difficult to even see it. Canadian car owners cannot be envied, because the roads are covered with the same unsafe magnesium chloride everywhere.

At the same time, Canada is the first country to use sediment melting technology. In the 70s of the last century, the first mobile snow melting plants were tested in Toronto.

Thanks to this, even today the harvesting of snow porridge, which is formed under the influence of the reagent, is perfectly established in the country. Snow smelters convert the collected snow into water, which then ends up in the sewer.

Many people ask the question - why do we need snow-melting installations, if it is much easier to take out the snow masses outside the city or dump them into the river? Do not forget that in the conditions of modern cities, snow absorbs dissolved chemicals, exhaust gases, sand, etc. Without purification, all this snow mass in spring can provoke a real ecological catastrophe.

• Japan, Iceland

While Europe strives to abandon the use of reagents and return to traditional measures for removing snow in yards, Iceland and Japan are fighting nature with its own methods. In the Japanese city of Sapporo, up to 5 meters of snow falls per year. Tired of continually clearing sidewalks, local authorities have installed batteries in the city center to heat roads and melt snow.

Laws oblige the people of Sapporo to clean their yards. Trying to save their own energy and time, many residents of the city install underground batteries on their site, the cost of which is about 10 thousand dollars.

However, heating is not able to cope with all the difficulties of large cities. And since the use of reagents is prohibited in Japan, icy conditions are common in the country, especially on those streets and roads that are not equipped with batteries. Sodium chloride (technical salt) is used exclusively on highways so that ice does not form under cars.

Certain northern regions of Japan are characterized by even more rainfall, which can completely cover the tracks. In these cases, a special technique is used that clears the track along the markings, forming snow walls. Even tourists from other countries fly to Japan to admire such a snowy corridor.

An absolutely environmentally friendly method is used to remove snow from courtyards and streets of Iceland. Roads and sidewalks in this country, like private houses, are heated with water from geothermal sources. The snow instantly melts due to the effect of heat from pipes with hot natural water crossing the city streets.

• New Zealand

Temperatures in cities in New Zealand rarely drop below zero, but people in the country know very well what heavy snow is. The authorities widely use calcium-magnesium acetate, which is harmless to the environment and metal, to remove snow in yards and on the streets. A feature of this reagent is that it stops acting when the temperature drops to minus 7 degrees Celsius.

Another anti-icing material that is harmless to nature and humans is urea. This substance can slow down metal corrosion, however, due to its high cost, it is rarely used in large cities.

Information about experts

Alexander Kolomeitsev, General Director of NP "National Association of Organizations of Housing and Communal Services".

Ruslan Popov, Head of Intel-Legal Law Firm. The company provides legal services to legal entities (commercial and non-commercial organizations, enterprises, cooperatives, joint stock companies), provides legal support to representatives of corporate business, and cooperates with individuals.

Maintenance rates for the cleaned areas depend on the season, weather conditions, type of area coverage and other factors.

Summer cleaning - manual sweeping (norms for cleaning by a mechanized method are not included in this technique), watering of adjacent territories (from a watering tap in a residential building, attributing the cost of water to general household needs), lawn care.

Winter cleaning - sweeping and shifting snow, spreading ice with sand or a mixture of sand with chlorides, removing snow and snow and ice formations.

1. The norms are set differentially for territories with improved pavements (asphalt, cobbled), unimproved (crushed stone, cobblestone) and areas without pavements, depending on the classes of these territories.

The adjacent territories (courtyards), according to the standards of technical exploitation, belong to the 1st class.

Regulatory part:

Profession - janitor

Category of work (in accordance with OK 016-94 (OKPDTR) with changes No. 1-7) - 1

The amount of remuneration (see table No. 9) -9707.07 rubles. per month

Service standards for manual cleaning of households.

Scope of work:

Territory type	Time rate for 1m2, in min.	Service time, 1200 m2, hour
A) Summer period from April 05 to November 05 - 7 months
1. Sweeping the area manually. Scope of work: sweeping the area and transferring garbage to the designated place.
With improved coating: (once a day);	0,08	1200*0,08/60=1,60
	0,11	1200*0,11/60=2,2
Without cover	0,13	1200*0,13/60=2,60
2. Cleaning lawns from leaves, twigs and debris. Scope of work: cleaning of debris from lawns and transfer of debris to a designated place.
Lawn cleaning (once every 2 days) - norm 3100 m2	0,05	3130*0,05/60/2=1,30
3. Uniform watering of lawns with hoses.
Uniform watering of lawns with hoses	0,06	not
4. Cleaning garbage cans
	0,06	10*0,06/60=0,01
5. Washing bins
Washing bins (once a month)	2,88	10*2,88/60/30=0,02
Total summer employment		2.93 hours * 7/12 \u003d 1.71
B) Winter period from November 05 to April 05 - 5 months
1. Sweeping freshly fallen snow without preliminary treatment of the area with a mixture of sand and chlorides. Scope of work: sweeping freshly fallen snow, shoveling snow into shafts or heaps. Snow precipitation frequency - 40%
Improved coating	0,14	1200*0,14/60=2,80*0,4=1,12
With unimproved coverage	0,17	1200*0,17/60=3,40*0,4=1,36
Without cover	0,21	1200*0,21/60=4,20*0,4=1,68
2. Spreading of the territory with sand or a mixture of sand with chlorides. Frequency of ice-10%
Preparation and sprinkling of the area with sand or a mixture of sand and chlorides (once a day during ice-covered conditions) -	0,50+0,13	1200*0,1*0,63/60=1,26*0,1=0,13
Sanding garbage sites	0,13	60*0,13/60=0,13
3. Clearing the territory from ice. Scope of work: chipping of ice up to 2 cm thick. Raking into shafts or heaps.
Clearing the territory from ice (20% of footpaths) The share of the winter period with ice - 20% (once every 3 days)	4,25	1200*0,2*4,25/60*0,2/3=1,13
4. Throwing snow and chips onto lawns and free areas
Throwing snow and chips onto lawns and free areas, per 1 m3	23,9	1200*0,2*0,03*23,9/60*0,1= 0,29
6. Cleaning garbage cans
Cleaning garbage bins (once a day)	0,06	10*0,06/60=0,01
Total for the winter period		2.81 * 5/12 \u003d 1.17 hours
Total average annual employment per day with a cleaning rate of 1200 m2		1.71 + 1.17 \u003d 2.88 hours

1. Watering of all types of coatings is carried out at an air temperature of + 25 ° C and above - once a day.

2. Lawns are cleaned (during the warm period) once every two days. Watering of lawns at an air temperature of + 25 ° C and above is carried out daily.

The enlarged standards of service for manual cleaning of the territory of households.

The calculation was made according to the existing territorial norm for manual cleaning, which the janitor must clean during his work shift and receives a time wage for this at the rate of rubles / hour (the norm is 1200 m2 of paved area and 3000 m2 of lawns.
The territorial standard of manual cleaning service is averaged. In fact, it varies from the norm of the time required for cleaning 1 square meter, depends both on the type of territory and the type of formation (dusty sweep, cleaning from a thin or thick layer of fallen snow, chipping of snow-ice formation)

In accordance with the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the land plot on which the apartment building is located, with elements of landscaping and landscaping, belongs to the owners of premises in the apartment building on the basis of common shared ownership.
Service standards for workers engaged in sanitary maintenance of households (janitors) were approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of June 24, 1996. No. 38 and are recommended for use in housing organizations, regardless of their organizational and legal forms and types of ownership.
Service standards are recommended for calculating the number and rational placement of workers employed in sanitary maintenance of households in housing organizations.
The costs of maintaining the adjacent territory are determined at the general meeting of homeowners and are included in the tariff for the payment for the maintenance and repair of apartment buildings.

Scope of work: sweeping, shifting freshly fallen snow, clearing the territory from compacted snow, ice and ice, throwing snow and chips thrown from roofs, sanding, cleaning bins and garbage, cleaning container sites, cleaning lawns.

Profession - janitor

Work category (in accordance with OK 016-94 (OKPDTR) with amendments No. 1-7) -1

The tariff rate for an 8 hour working day (see table No. 9) is 9707.07 rubles. per month

Table 27

The average monthly calculated wage is 9707.07 * 0.49 \u003d 4756 rubles.

The frequency of cleaning the territory of households.

Table 28

Cold period
Sweeping fresh snow up to 2 cm thick	Once a day on snowy days
Sliding freshly fallen snow over 2 cm thick	3 hours later during snowfall
Spreading the area with sand or a mixture of sand with chlorides	1 time per day during icy conditions
Clearing territories from ice and ice	Once every three days during icy conditions
Sweeping on days without snow	Once every two days on days without snowfall
Cleaning garbage cans	Once a day
Washing bins	1 time per month
	2 times during the cold period
	Once a day
Shifting freshly fallen snow during heavy snow days	3 times a day
Warm period
Sweeping the territory on days without precipitation and on days with precipitation up to 2 cm	1 time in two days
Partial cleaning of territories on days with precipitation of more than 2 cm	Once every two days (50% of the territory)
Cleaning garbage cans	Once a day
Washing bins	2 times a month
Wiping street signs and flushing license plates	5 times in a warm season
Lawn cleaning	1 time in two days
Watering lawns, green spaces	1 time in two days
Cleaning of container yards	Once a day
Sweeping on days with heavy rainfall	1 time in two days
Cleaning the territory	3 times during the warm season

Scope of work: sweeping freshly fallen snow, shoveling snow into shafts or heaps. The frequency of snowfall - 40% With improved cover 0.14 1200 * 0.14 / 60 \u003d 2.80 * 0.4 \u003d 1.12 With unimproved cover 0.17 1200 * 0.17 / 60 \u003d 3.40 * 0 , 4 \u003d 1.36 Uncoated 0.21 1200 * 0.21 / 60 \u003d 4.20 * 0.4 \u003d 1.68 2. Spreading the area with sand or a mixture of sand with chlorides Frequency of ice-10% Preparation and sprinkling of the area with sand or a mixture of sand with chlorides (1 time per day during icy conditions) - 0.50 + 0.13 1200 * 0.1 * 0.63 / 60 \u003d 1.26 * 0.1 \u003d 0.13 Sanding garbage sites 0 , 13 60 * 0.13 / 60 \u003d 0.13 3. Clearing the area from ice. Scope of work: chipping of ice up to 2 cm thick. Raking into shafts or heaps.

Cleaning standard for a janitor by law

Attention

How often it is necessary to inspect, remove debris, clean bins, wash and disinfect them;

• Organization of labor when cleaning entrances and the surrounding area. This paragraph describes the need for wet cleaning of porches, elevators, washing windows, as well as sweeping ceilings.
The appendix of the document serves as an example of calculating the required number of employees. The position of a yard cleaner is regulated by law, so each worker is protected in his rights.

And if, to say humanly, not every manager observes the lawfulness in exercising the rights of workers. Their work is the lowest paid in Russia, and there is absolutely no respect from citizens living in houses in the territory entrusted to this employee for ennobling. In this article, you learned about the cleaning standards for the janitor.

What are the rules for cleaning the area for janitors (2018)

Cleaning standards for a janitor by law

Clearing the territory from ice (20% of footpaths) The share of the winter period with ice - 20% (once every 3 days) 4.25 1200 * 0.2 * 4.25 / 60 * 0.2 / 3 \u003d 1.13 4 Throwing snow and chips onto lawns and free areas Throwing snow and chips onto lawns and free areas, per 1 m3 23.9 1200 * 0.2 * 0.03 * 23.9 / 60 * 0.1 \u003d 0.29 6 .Cleaning trash bins Cleaning garbage bins (1 time per day) 0.06 10 * 0.06 / 60 \u003d 0.01 Total in the winter period 2.81 * 5/12 \u003d 1.17 hours Total average annual employment per day at the rate of cleaning the territory of 1200 m2 1.71 + 1.17 \u003d 2.88 hours Recommended mode of maintenance of the territory of households: 1. Watering of all types of coatings is carried out at an air temperature of + 25 ° C and higher - 1 time per day. 2. Lawns are cleaned (during the warm period) once every two days. Watering of lawns at an air temperature of + 25 ° C and above is carried out daily.

Maintenance standards for the cleaned areas of households.

PreviousPage 7 of 8Next ⇒ The section was developed in accordance with the "Recommendations for the regulation of labor of workers engaged in the maintenance and repair of the housing stock MDK 2-02-01 (approved by order of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of December 09, 1999 No. 139). Maintenance standards for cleaned areas depend on time year, weather conditions, type of coverage and other factors. Summer cleaning - sweeping by hand (norms for cleaning by a mechanized method are not included in this technique), watering of adjacent territories (from a watering tap in a residential building, with the cost of water being attributed to general household needs), lawn care. Winter cleaning - sweeping and shifting snow, sprinkling ice with sand or a mixture of sand with chlorides, removing snow and snow-ice formations.

Legal framework of the Russian Federation

The territorial standard of manual cleaning service is averaged. In fact, it varies from the norm of the time required for cleaning 1 square meter, depends both on the type of territory and the type of formation (dusty sweep, cleaning from a thin or thick layer of fallen snow, chipping of snow-ice formation) In accordance with the Housing Code of the Russian Federation the land plot on which the apartment building is located, with elements of landscaping and landscaping, belongs to the owners of premises in the apartment building on the basis of common shared ownership. The service standards for workers employed in sanitary maintenance of households (janitors) are approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation dated 24.06. 1996

Cleaning rates for the janitor

Clearing the territory from ice (20% of footpaths) The share of the winter period with ice - 20% (once every 3 days) 4.25 1200 * 0.2 * 4.25 / 60 * 0.2 / 3 \u003d 1.13 4 Throwing snow and chips onto lawns and free areas Throwing snow and chips onto lawns and free areas, per 1 m3 23.9 1200 * 0.2 * 0.03 * 23.9 / 60 * 0.1 \u003d 0.29 6 .Cleaning trash bins Cleaning garbage bins (1 time per day) 0.06 10 * 0.06 / 60 \u003d 0.01 Total during the winter period 2.81 * 5/12 \u003d 1.17 hours Total average annual employment per day at the rate of cleaning the territory of 1200 m2 1.71 + 1.17 \u003d 2.88 hours Recommended mode of maintenance of the territory of households: 1. Watering of all types of coatings is carried out at an air temperature of + 25 ° C and above - once a day. 2. Lawns are cleaned (during the warm period) once every two days. Watering of lawns at an air temperature of + 25 ° C and above is carried out daily.

Cleaning standards for the janitor

Info

Time spent on the entire scope of work, taking into account repeatability, min., Gr. 2 x gr. 5 x gr. 6 Section and N norms for the collection volume of work performed number of work days during the year frequency of work performance repeatability of work throughout the year (times) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Sweeping freshly fallen snow up to 2 cm thick from territories: 1 class 5000 sq. m 67 After 3 hours during a snowfall 540 0.14 378000 3.1.1 p. 1 "b" class 2 10000 sq. m 67 After 2 hours 810 0.16 1296000 - "- item 1" g "3 class 2000 sq. m 67 After 1 hour 1620 0.20 648000 - "- p. 1" e "2. Sanding territories: 1st class 5000 sq. m 13 1 time per day 13 0.13 8450 3.1.4 p.

1 "b" 2 class 10000 sq. m 13 The same 13 0.15 19500 - "- p. 2" b "3 class 2000 sq. m 13 The same 13 0.17 4420 - "- p. 3" b "3. Clearing compacted snow from territories with improved coverings: 1 class 1000 sq. m.

Cleanable area standard for the janitor

Table 1 1. EXAMPLE OF CALCULATION OF THE NUMBER OF WARDERS List of works Initial data<* Норма времени обслуживания на единицу измерения, мин. Затраты времени на весь объем работ с учетом повторяемости, мин., гр. 2 x гр. 5 x гр. 6 Раздел и N нормы по сборнику объем выполняемых работ количество дней работы в течение года периодичность выполнения работ повторяемость работ в течение года (раз) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Подметание свежевыпавшего снега толщиной слоя до 2 см с территорий: 1 класса 5000 кв.
m 67 After 3 hours during a snowfall 540 0.14 378000 3.1.1 p. 1 "b" class 2 10000 sq. m 67 After 2 hours 810 0.16 1296000 - "- item 1" g "3 class 2000 sq. m 67 In 1 hour 1620 0.20 648000 - "- p. 1" e "2. Sanding areas: 1st class 5000 sq. m 13 1 time per day 13 0.13 8450 3.1.4 p. 1 "b" class 2 10000 sq. m 13 The same 13 0.15 19500 - "- p. 2" b "3 class 2000 sq. m 13 The same 13 0.17 4420 - "- p.
To determine the number of janitors, it is necessary: \u200b\u200bto establish a list and amount of manual cleaning work performed by janitors during the year; to determine the frequency of work per year, taking into account climatic conditions and the rules for the operation of the territories served by the housing and operating organization in force on the ground; determine the complexity of work for the year on the basis of the standards given in the collection; calculate the number of janitors according to the formulas given in the general part of the collection. The recurrence of work per year consists of two components: the possible number of days of a specific work per year, which is determined according to the data of meteorological services, and the frequency of work on these days, which is established in accordance with the rules of operation of the territories served by the housing maintenance organization. For example: to determine the frequency of sweeping operations in the city.

The frequency of snowfall - 40% With improved cover 0.14 1200 * 0.14 / 60 \u003d 2.80 * 0.4 \u003d 1.12 With unimproved cover 0.17 1200 * 0.17 / 60 \u003d 3.40 * 0 , 4 \u003d 1.36 Uncoated 0.21 1200 * 0.21 / 60 \u003d 4.20 * 0.4 \u003d 1.68 2. Spreading the area with sand or a mixture of sand with chlorides Frequency of ice-10% Preparation and sprinkling of the area with sand or a mixture of sand with chlorides (1 time per day during icy conditions) - 0.50 + 0.13 1200 * 0.1 * 0.63 / 60 \u003d 1.26 * 0.1 \u003d 0.13 Sanding garbage sites 0 , 13 60 * 0.13 / 60 \u003d 0.13 3. Clearing the area from ice. Scope of work: chipping of ice up to 2 cm thick. Raking into shafts or heaps.

Each of us is pleased to live in a clean and comfortable city. You must admit that it is much better, walking down the street, to observe clean sidewalks than walking along a spattered and clogged road. Of course, a lot in the matter of cleanliness of the streets depends on ourselves. The less you litter, the cleaner the city. It is difficult to argue with this statement. But a lot also depends on the work of the janitors.

In modern Russia, cleaning of streets and yards can be carried out by both employees of public utilities and employees of cleaning companies. However, any worker who picks up a broom should read the rules for cleaning the area with janitors, so that, on the one hand, they know their rights, and on the other, do not cheat.

In Moscow, such norms are defined quite clearly. They have been operating since 2004.

The document that regulates such norms is the order of the Moscow Government. Each organization establishes certain standards for its wipers, but they must all comply with the above document. In this document, the area for cleaning the wiper is clearly regulated, the size of which depends on several factors.

First of all, the daily cleaning area depends on the season. Back in 1998, by order of the Mayor of Moscow, the following boundaries of the cold and warm seasons were determined. So, the cold period begins in November and lasts until March. Accordingly, warm - from April to October inclusive.

Based on this division, the norms for cleaning the territory with wipers suggest the following. In the cold season, the cleaning area is 900 square meters, regardless of the type of coverage of the surface to be cleaned. As for the warm period, then the norms depend on the type of surface coating. For example, the improved coverage assumes a cleaning area of \u200b\u200bup to 1,700 sq. m. The size of the territory without coverage, which is supposed for cleaning, increases to 5000 sq.m. The area for cleaning lawns is significantly reduced. It is enough to clean 600 sq.m. Thus, for Moscow, the standards for cleaning the area for the janitor are determined. Based on the order of the Moscow Government, each structure or organization draws up its own norms, which must necessarily comply with labor legislation. The increase in these norms should be coordinated with the representatives of the employee, who are, first of all, trade union organizations.

We must not forget that in addition to the janitors, organizations that carry out the removal and disposal of garbage are also responsible for the cleanliness of the streets. Regardless of the size of the city, such work must be coordinated and carried out in a timely manner. I would like to note the rather well-organized garbage collection in Voronezh and its environs. But not only million-plus cities can boast of a good organization of such a process. For example, garbage collection in Yaroslavl is also distinguished by its coherence and timeliness. To achieve this result, dozens of waste collection and disposal companies work in the city.

Returning to Moscow, I would like to note that the above-described cleaning standards are strictly observed by the janitors. This applies to all administrative districts of the city of Moscow, no matter how far from the center they are. I would like to cite Zelenograd as an example, which is served by a fairly large number of cleaning organizations. Likewise, garbage disposal in Zelenograd is at a high level.

Now, after reading this article, you are aware of what the standards for cleaning the area with janitors are, and how they are respected. And remember that cleanliness in your hometown depends not only on service organizations, but also on yourself.

Dvornikov

(Entered into force on 01.01.2013)

1st exit of wipers	from 6.00 to 11.00
Lunch, rest	from 11.00 to 13.45
2nd exit of wipers	from 14.00 to 17.00
Saturday	from 8.00 to 14.00
Day off, wipers on duty throughout the territory in the summer	Sunday from 8.00 to 11.00
In winter, on days of snowfall, the time is adjusted, but does not exceed an 8 hour working day

Hourly working day instruction.

6.00 a.m. Exit to the fixed yard area.

from 6.00 to 6.30

Cleaning of container yards. In winter, cleaning from snow and ice to asphalt or concrete base of the site. In the summertime, sweeping the site and collecting spilled garbage in containers. Rinsing and treatment of the container site once every 10 days (except for the winter period) with disinfectants. Regardless of the time of year, the janitor cleans the adjacent territory to the container site 3 meters around the perimeter. In case of detection of a bulk (failure of the garbage collection schedule) at the container site, inform the foreman and the Customer's operation service to take measures to eliminate it. Transfer bulky waste to silos.

from 6.30 to 7.00

Bypassing the assigned territory, collecting random garbage. Garbage collection from waste bins in recreation areas, playgrounds and at entrances. Inspection of the LFA for structural integrity.

from 7.00 to 11.00 Basic cleaning

In winter, cleaning of the courtyard area (cleaning the entrances to the entrances to asphalt from snow in the presence of ice, processing LMG in the morning before starting work and in the evening before finishing work) Cleaning pedestrian zones to asphalt (sidewalks, paths and courtyard driveways, entrances to children's, sports grounds and recreation areas). Cleaning the blind area from snow and ice. Clearing the curb from snow and ice, clearing the lawn fence from snow. Planning and tedding of snow on lawns.

In summer, sweeping sidewalks, courtyard driveways, recreation areas, playgrounds, blind area. Ragging of all lawns in the assigned area. Removal of sprouted grass on asphalt, concrete, and tile surfaces. Mowing grass on lawns (at a height of more than 20 cm), sweeping puddles after rain on pedestrian and walking areas (sidewalks, paved and gravel paths, recreation areas for the population).

from 11.00 to 13.45

Break for lunch, rest, tidying up the working form, repairing equipment if necessary.

from 13.45 to 17.00

Execution of urgent work, execution of applications, participation in mass works. Completion of additional work on behalf of the foreman or the maintenance service of the "Customer". Continuation of the main complex of works on cleaning and maintaining the yard area.

Note:

1. During the working day, every two hours, bypassing the yard area and collecting random garbage, cleaning the container area.

2. In case of detection of heaps of garbage in the yard and container sites, take measures for their immediate elimination. (Move garbage to free containers and bins).

Material liability:

1. For the provided inventory, clothing and tools, the janitor bears material responsibility proportional to the value, by deducting from wages.

2. For the absence of a janitor in the yard during working hours within 1 hour, a fine of 300 rubles is imposed.