Hypercholesterolemia is an exclusively laboratory indicator that is detected by a special blood test - a lipid profile or a simple determination of blood cholesterol.
Special external manifestations of hypercholesterolemia:
- xanthomas - dense nodules containing cholesterol (a fat-like substance) over a patient's tendons (dense structures that attach muscles to bones), such as on the hand
- xanthelasma - the deposition of cholesterol under the skin of the eyelids in the form of flat yellow nodules or not differing in color from other areas of the skin;
- lipoid arch of the cornea - a white or grayish-white rim of deposited cholesterol along the edges of the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eye. The appearance of a lipoid arch of the cornea before the age of 50 indicates the presence of hereditary hypercholesterolemia.
Forms
According to the mechanism of occurrence of hypercholesterolemia, several forms of the disease are distinguished.
- Primary
(not a consequence of any disease). This is hereditary hypercholesterolemia (transmitted from parents to children) associated with disorders in genes (carriers of hereditary information).
- Homozygous hereditary hypercholesterolemia (the patient received defective genes from both parents) is rare - 1 case per 1 million population.
- Heterozygous hereditary hypercholesterolemia (the patient received a defective gene from one of the parents) occurs much more often - 1 case per 500 population.
- Secondary hypercholesterolemia (develops as a result of certain diseases or conditions of the body).
- Alimentary (nutritional) hypercholesterolemia develops with excessive consumption of animal fats.
Causes
- The reason primary hypercholesterolemia is the inheritance from one or both parents of an abnormal gene (a disturbed carrier of hereditary information), which is responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol.
- The reason secondary hypercholesterolemia
are the following diseases and conditions:
- hypothyroidism (decreased function of the thyroid gland due to its inflammation, surgical removal, etc.);
- diabetes mellitus (a disease in which the flow of glucose - a simple carbohydrate - into cells is disrupted);
- obstructive liver disease (diseases in which the outflow of bile from the liver - the fluid secreted by the liver and accumulated in the gallbladder), for example, gallstone disease (the formation of stones in the gallbladder);
- taking medications (some of the diuretics, beta-blockers, immunosuppressants, etc.);
- Transient (that is, transient) hypercholesterolemia is noted the next day after taking a large amount of fatty foods.
- Persistent hypercholesterolemia is observed with regular consumption of food with a large amount of animal fats.
- Modifiable (that is, those that can be eliminated or corrected):
- lifestyle:
- hypodynamia (sedentary lifestyle);
- abuse of fatty, cholesterol-rich foods;
- personality and behavior characteristics - stressful character type (the presence of a violent emotional reaction to various stimuli);
- alcohol abuse;
- smoking;
- arterial hypertension (persistent increase in blood pressure);
- diabetes mellitus (a disease in which the entry into cells of glucose - a simple carbohydrate) with a fasting blood glucose level of more than 6 mmol / l (norm 3.3-5.5 mmol / l);
- abdominal obesity (waist in men more than 102 cm).
- lifestyle:
- Non-modifiable factors (which cannot be changed) include several factors:
- the age of the man is over 45;
- male gender;
- a family history (in the next of kin under the age of 55 - in men) of cases of early atherosclerosis:
- familial hypercholesterolemia (inherited predisposition to increased formation of lipids in the liver);
- myocardial infarction (death of a part of the heart muscle due to the cessation of blood flow to it);
- ischemic stroke (death of a part of the brain due to the cessation of blood flow to it);
- sudden death (non-violent death within 1 hour of the onset of acute symptoms).
Diagnostics
- Analysis of the anamnesis of the disease and complaints - when (how long ago) did xanthomas (dense nodules containing cholesterol above the surface of the tendons), xanthelasia (cholesterol deposits under the skin of the eyelids in the form of nodules), lipoid arch of the cornea (white or grayish-white rim of deposited cholesterol appear) corneal edges), with which the patient associates their occurrence.
- Analysis of life history. It turns out what the patient and his close relatives were ill with, who the patient was by profession (whether he had contact with infectious agents), whether there were infectious diseases. The anamnesis may include indications of atherosclerosis of various vessels, myocardial infarction (death of a portion of the heart muscle due to cessation of blood flow to it) or stroke (death of a portion of the brain due to cessation of blood flow to it) in a patient or his close relatives. Information about familial hypercholesterolemia can be obtained.
- Physical examination. On examination, xanthomas, xanthelasmas, lipoid arch of the cornea may be noted. Hypercholesterolemia is not accompanied by changes in percussion (tapping) and auscultation (listening) of the heart. Blood pressure may be elevated.
- Blood and urine analysis. It is carried out to identify the inflammatory process and associated diseases.
- Blood chemistry. The level of sugar and total blood protein, creatinine (a protein breakdown product), uric acid (a breakdown product of purines - substances from the cell nucleus) is determined to detect concomitant organ damage.
- Lipidogram. A blood test for lipids - fat-like substances - is the main method for diagnosing hypercholesterolemia. Proatherogenic lipids (fat-like substances that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis) are isolated - these are cholesterol, low and very low density lipoproteins, triglycerides. There are also antiatherogenic lipids (fat-like substances that prevent the development of atherosclerosis) - these are high-density lipoproteins. The coefficient of atherogenicity is calculated - the ratio of proatherogenic to antiatherogenic lipids (if it is more than 3, then the risk of atherosclerosis is high).
- Immunological blood test. The content of antibodies (produced by the body by special proteins capable of destroying foreign substances or cells of its own body) to cytomegalovirus and chlamydia (microorganisms that are assumed to be the cause of atherosclerosis), as well as the level of C-reactive protein (a protein whose level rises in the blood at any inflammation).
- Genetic analysis to identify genes (carriers of hereditary information) responsible for the development of hereditary hypercholesterolemia is carried out in close relatives of patients with hereditary hypercholesterolemia.
Treatment of hypercholesterolemia
- Non-drug treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
- Normalization of body weight.
- Dosed physical activity in conditions of sufficient oxygen supply. The mode of loads is selected individually, taking into account the localization and severity of atherosclerosis, as well as concomitant diseases.
- A diet with limited intake of animal fats, enriched with vitamins and dietary fiber, the calorie content of which corresponds to the patient's load. Avoiding fatty and fried foods is recommended. It is advisable to replace meat in the diet with fish (preferably sea fish) 2-3 times a week. Vegetables and fruits rich in fiber and vitamins should form the bulk of the diet.
- Limiting alcohol intake. Alcohol increases the level of triglycerides (chemical compounds - esters of triglycerol with fatty acids), increases body weight, aggravates the course of gout (impaired uric acid metabolism), provokes muscle damage in patients taking statins (a group of drugs that affect the synthesis of lipids by the liver).
- To give up smoking. Smoking significantly increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, especially myocardial infarction and lower limb artery disease. Quitting smoking, on the contrary, is accompanied by an increase in the blood of anti-atherogenic substances (substances that prevent atherosclerotic vascular lesions).
- Drug treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
- Statins - reduce the synthesis of cholesterol by the liver and the intracellular content of cholesterol, increase the destruction of lipids (fat-like substances), have an anti-inflammatory effect, prevent damage to new areas of blood vessels. Statins increase the life of patients, reduce the incidence of complications of atherosclerosis and the severity of vascular lesions. They can cause damage to the liver and muscles, therefore, when taking statins, it is necessary to regularly monitor blood tests for the appearance of liver damage products (alanine aminotransferase - ALT) and muscles (creatine phosphokinase - CPK) in them. Statins should not be used for active liver diseases (if the ALT level is more than 3 times higher than the norm).
- Inhibitors of absorption of cholesterol in the intestine (a group of drugs that prevent the absorption of cholesterol in the intestine). The effect of this group of drugs is limited, since cholesterol from food makes up about 1/5 of all cholesterol in the body, and 4/5 of cholesterol is formed in the liver.
- Bile acid sequestrants (ion exchange resins) are a group of drugs that bind bile acids containing cholesterol in the intestinal lumen and remove them from the body. May cause constipation, bloating, and taste disturbances.
- Fibrates are a group of drugs that lower the level of triglycerides (small molecules of fat-like substances) and increase the level of high-density lipoproteins (protective substances that prevent atherosclerosis). Can be used in conjunction with statins.
- Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are a group of preparations derived from fish musculature. They reduce the level of triglycerides, reduce the risk of cardiac arrhythmias, extend the life of patients after myocardial infarction (death of a portion of the heart muscle due to the complete cessation of blood flow to it).
- Extracorporeal treatments (immunosorption of lipoproteins, cascade plasma filtration, plasma sorption, hemosorption, etc.) is a change in the composition and properties of the patient's blood outside the body using special devices. They are used to treat severe forms of hypercholesterolemia.
- Genetic engineering techniques (changes in the hereditary material of cells to obtain the desired qualities) in the future can be used in patients with hereditary hypercholesterolemia.
Complications and consequences
- The main natural consequence and complication of hypercholesterolemia is atherosclerosis (a chronic disease characterized by hardening of the walls of the arteries (vessels that bring blood to the organs) and narrowing of their lumen, followed by impaired blood supply to the organs).
- Depending on the location of the vessels containing atherosclerotic plaques (dense thickening of the inner lining of the vessel containing cholesterol), the following forms of the disease are distinguished.
- Atherosclerosis of the aorta (the largest vessel in the human body) leads to arterial hypertension (persistent increase in blood pressure) and can contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic heart defects: stenosis (narrowing) and insufficiency (inability to prevent blood flow back) of the aortic valve.
- Atherosclerosis of the vessels of the heart is called ischemic heart disease and can lead to the development of:
- myocardial infarction (death of a part of the heart muscle due to the cessation of blood flow to it);
- heart rhythm disturbances;
- heart defects (structural heart disorders);
- heart failure (a disease associated with insufficient blood supply to organs at rest and during exertion, often accompanied by blood congestion).
- Atherosclerosis of the vessels of the brain leads to various disorders of mental activity, and with complete closure of the vessel - to ischemic stroke (death of a part of the brain due to the cessation of blood flow to it).
- Atherosclerosis of the renal arteries usually presents with arterial hypertension.
- Atherosclerosis of the intestinal arteries can lead to intestinal infarction (death of a section of the intestine due to the complete cessation of blood flow to it).
- Atherosclerosis of the vessels of the lower extremities leads to the development of intermittent claudication (sudden onset of pain in the legs when walking, passing after stopping), the development of ulcers (deep defects of the skin and underlying tissues), etc.
- Chronic complications. Atherosclerotic plaque leads to stenosis (narrowing) of the vessel lumen (stenosing atherosclerosis). Since the formation of plaque in the vessels is a slow process, chronic ischemia (insufficient supply of nutrients and oxygen due to reduced blood flow) occurs in the area of \u200b\u200bblood supply of this vessel.
- Acute complications. They are caused by the occurrence of blood clots (blood clots), emboli (blood clots detached from the place of formation, transferred by the blood flow and closing the lumen of the vessel), spasm (compression) of the vessels. There is an acute closure of the vascular lumen, accompanied by acute vascular insufficiency (acute ischemia), which leads to the development of heart attacks (death of an organ part due to the cessation of blood flow to it) of various organs (for example, myocardial infarction, kidney, intestine, ischemic stroke, etc.). Sometimes a rupture of the vessel can be observed.
- the level of proatherogenic (causing atherosclerosis) and antiatherogenic (preventing the development of atherosclerosis) lipids (fat-like substances) in the blood;
- the rate of development of atherosclerotic changes;
- localization of atherosclerosis. The most favorable course of atherosclerosis of the aorta, the least favorable - atherosclerosis of the own arteries of the heart.
Prevention of hypercholesterolemia
- Primary prevention
hypercholesterolemia (that is, before its appearance).
- Non-drug exposure to modifiable (which can be changed) risk factors:
- normalization of body weight;
- adherence to a diet low in fat and table salt (up to 5 g per day), enriched with vitamins and fiber;
- quitting alcohol and smoking;
- individually selected level of physical activity;
- limiting emotional overload;
- normal blood glucose (simple carbohydrate) levels;
- blood pressure below 140/90 mm Hg.
- Timely full treatment of diseases that can lead to dyslipidemia, for example, diseases of the thyroid gland and liver.
- Non-drug exposure to modifiable (which can be changed) risk factors:
- Secondary prevention
(in people with existing hypercholesterolemia) is aimed at preventing the appearance and progression of atherosclerotic vascular changes and the development of complications:
- non-drug exposure to modifiable (which can be changed) risk factors;
- drug treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
Additionally
- increasing its synthesis (association) in the body;
- elimination disorders;
- increased intake of cholesterol from food (insignificant part, not more than 1/5 of blood cholesterol).
The disease occurs only with a significant long-term increase in the level of cholesterol in the body.
Hypercholesterolemia is very common. In various countries, it is detected from every fifteenth to every third inhabitant.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The risk of their appearance increases significantly if a person has hypercholesterolemia.
What is cholesterol?
Cholesterol is one of the fats (lipids) in the blood. Cholesterol and triglyceride (another lipid) are important building blocks of cell structure and are also used for hormone synthesis and energy production. To some extent, the level of cholesterol in the blood depends on what a person eats, but its synthesis in the liver plays the main role. There are two types of cholesterol:
- The "good" look is called high density lipoprotein (HDL). They carry cholesterol to the liver, protecting against the development of atherosclerosis.
- The "bad" species is called low density lipoprotein (LDL). They contribute to the occurrence of diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
The ratio of HDL to LDL levels affects the risk of atherosclerosis. LDL cholesterol can be reduced by eating a low-fat diet and, if necessary, by taking medications. HDL levels can be increased through exercise and possibly small amounts of alcohol.
Hypercholesterolemia - what is it?
Hypercholesterolemia is an increase in blood cholesterol levels. Cholesterol levels rise slowly with age. Women tend to have higher HDL levels than men. A blood sample taken from a person on an empty stomach can be used to determine the levels of all types of cholesterol. Ideally, your total cholesterol level should be below 5 mmol / L. In addition to this indicator, doctors, when assessing the lipid profile, take into account:
- The ratio between good and bad cholesterol.
- The presence of other risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as smoking, diabetes, and high blood pressure. These factors increase the body's sensitivity to the harmful effects of cholesterol.
It is possible that a person with high total cholesterol still has a relatively low cardiovascular risk because they have no other risk factors or have no family history of coronary heart disease. Every patient with an established diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, such as angina pectoris or myocardial infarction, should try to lower total cholesterol levels below 4 mmol / L or LDL cholesterol below 2 mmol / L.
What can be the causes of hypercholesterolemia?
Cholesterol levels can be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. If the inherited cholesterol levels are very high, the condition is called familial (hereditary) hypercholesterolemia. Cholesterol levels are also influenced by the region of residence - in northern European countries, they are higher than in southern Europe, and significantly higher than among Asians. 
It is also well known that dietary intake greatly affects blood counts. High cholesterol can also be detected in the following diseases:
- With slow metabolism in diseases of the thyroid gland.
- With kidney disease.
- With poorly controlled diabetes.
- With alcohol abuse.
- If you are overweight or obese (this is most likely the most common cause of hypercholesterolemia).
What are the symptoms of hypercholesterolemia?
A person cannot feel the presence of high cholesterol in the same way as he feels a headache. But in combination with other risk factors, hypercholesterolemia can lead to the development of atherosclerosis and symptoms of cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis is the accumulation of cholesterol and fats in the walls of the arteries that form plaque. The lumen of the arteries narrows, their elasticity decreases, which impairs blood flow through them.
These atherosclerotic plaques can rupture, causing a blood clot to form around the site. If the blood supply to a part of the body is cut off, tissue death (necrosis) in that area may occur. The severity of symptoms of cardiovascular diseases depends on the degree of narrowing of the arteries, the likelihood of rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and the organ supplied by this artery.
- If the artery supplying blood to the leg narrows, it can cause pain when walking or running (intermittent claudication). If a blood clot suddenly blocks a large artery in your leg, an amputation may even be necessary.
- If an artery in the brain is affected, a stroke may occur. The development of a stroke can also be observed with atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries.
- Narrowed coronary arteries in the heart lead to angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. These diseases provoke the onset of heart failure.
Very often, in patients with high cholesterol, atherosclerotic plaques affect multiple arteries, including:
- aorta;
- renal arteries;
- mesenteric (intestinal) arteries.
Prevention of hypercholesterolemia
Each person can take certain actions to maintain normal blood cholesterol levels. This is facilitated by:
- A rational and healthy diet low in saturated fat.
- Maintaining a healthy weight through dietary changes and increased physical activity.
- Regular exercise can lower LDL cholesterol and raise HDL cholesterol.
- To give up smoking.
The net benefits of these actions cannot be overstated as they not only lower cholesterol levels but also prevent the development of many diseases.
Treatment of hypercholesterolemia
Reducing cholesterol levels can be achieved in two ways - lifestyle modification and medication. Lifestyle changes required for hypercholesterolemia are similar to preventive measures to maintain normal blood cholesterol levels. If these measures fail to lower cholesterol levels to normal levels, your doctor may prescribe certain medications.
- Statins - These drugs are effective in lowering LDL cholesterol levels, which is why they are most often prescribed by doctors to treat hypercholesterolemia. These are fairly safe drugs, side effects are very rare when they are used.
- Ezetimibe is a drug that blocks the absorption of cholesterol in the intestines. It is not as effective as statins, but it is even less likely to cause side effects.
- Less commonly, injectable drugs are used, which are prescribed for patients with hereditary hypercholesterolemia who cannot tolerate statins and Ezetimibe.
How to lower cholesterol with folk remedies?
It is well known that certain folk remedies can reduce blood cholesterol levels. These include:
- Oats - The beta glucan it contains absorbs LDL.
- Red Wine - Scientists have confirmed that consumption of this product in moderation can help lower LDL cholesterol.
- Salmon and fatty fish - Their omega-3 fatty acids can raise healthy HDL levels, preventing heart disease, dementia, and more.
- Tea - not only protects against cancer, but also against elevated LDL levels.
- Chocolate - Raises HDL levels.
- Garlic - included in the list of cholesterol-lowering foods. It also prevents blood clots, lowers blood pressure and fights infectious diseases.
- Olive oil - Contains high amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids that lower LDL levels.
The term is closely related to conditions such as hyperlipidemia and hyperlipoproteinemia.
What is hypercholesterolemia in numerical terms? These are bad cholesterol (LDL) levels above 3 mmol / L (115 mg / dL) and total cholesterol levels above 5 mmol / L (190 mg / dL). According to statistics, this problem affects 60% of our compatriots.
To lower blood cholesterol levels and prevent cardiovascular diseases, it is necessary to revise the diet, exercise regularly, and also undergo a course of blood purification using folk remedies. Remember that your health is in your hands. By getting rid of excess cholesterol, you will free blood vessels from fatty plaques, feel better, and significantly prolong life.
Causes of the problem
So, we figured out the term hypercholesterolemia, and we know what it is. Now is the time to find out the causes of the disorder.
The fact is that such a condition can be congenital or acquired. The congenital form is extremely rare, it is associated with a gene mutation.
Acquired hypercholesterolemia occurs in adults. The reasons can be different. So, very often this violation develops in the course of certain diseases:
- diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome
- some kidney disease (such as nephrotic syndrome);
- hypothyroidism;
- cholestatic jaundice.
But there is also pure hypercholesterolemia, that is, an increase in cholesterol levels without any additional diseases. This type of hyporcholesterolemia is a consequence of malnutrition. When a person consumes a large amount of fatty and fried foods, cholesterol does not have time to be processed by the liver, and begins to be deposited in the form of cholesterol plaques in our vessels. It attracts fat molecules to itself. Over time, the vessels are narrowed due to these plaques, so the arteries are no longer able to provide vital organs with the required amount of blood. There is oxygen starvation, systemic disturbances in the body, the risk of stroke and heart attack increases.
Symptoms
Hyporcholesterolemia does not give any signs from the organs and systems; the disease can only be detected during a blood test. However, there are external manifestations that indirectly indicate the problem:
- xanthomas - dense cholesterol nodules above the tendons, they are often confused with wen;
- xanthelasma - cholesterol nodules on the eyelids; they are flat, located under the skin, do not cause skin discoloration;
- lipoid arch of the cornea - cholesterol deposits along the edges of the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyes; they look like a light rim.
With the progression of this condition, peripheral vascular diseases (atherosclerosis, ulcers on the lower extremities, tissue necrosis), cerebrovascular accidents (problems with memory, attention, sleep), carotid artery disease and aortic aneurysm occur.
Since hypercholesterolemia does not cause overt symptoms, we recommend that adults have an annual blood test for cholesterol levels. But it is still better to carry out prevention and lead a healthy lifestyle in order to prevent health problems.
Treatment
We have finished the description, now it's time to move on to treatment. This is a complex and complex process that includes several points. First, you need to reduce the level of cholesterol in the blood (but you do not need to completely abandon it, since cholesterol is necessary for the liver to function properly). Secondly, it is necessary to cleanse the vessels from atherosclerotic plaques and improve blood circulation. Well, and thirdly, the patient is advised to carry out the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and strengthen the body as a whole. Traditional medicine copes with all the tasks. It is available to everyone, safe and effective.
Diet and lifestyle
Treatment of hypercholesterolemia always begins with a review of the diet.
The point is that there are “good” and “bad” cholesterol. "Good" is used for liver production, so this element must be present in the diet. But from the "bad" cholesterol you need to get rid of.
Your menu should be similar to the Mediterranean diet: eat a lot of fish, fruits and vegetables, season your meals with olive oil. Red meat, meat offal (liver, heart, stomachs, bloodstains, brawn), salami, bacon, sausages should be removed from the diet. Butter, cream, lard and fatty sour cream are also banned; from fermented milk products, you can use kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese and low-fat varieties of hard cheese. The number of eggs should be limited to 2-3 pieces per week (this applies to yolks, because the protein can be eaten without restrictions). And, of course, you cannot eat harmful products - chips, mayonnaise, canned food, semi-finished products, alcohol (except wine). Since the diet requires a restriction of fat, avoid pastries that contain cream.
Now about the way of life. To fight the disease, you need to play sports every day, since cholesterol is burned during muscle work. The load is selected based on the patient's age, state of health and personal preferences.
Another important condition for recovery is quitting smoking. Nicotine constricts blood vessels that are already damaged by atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, if you want to be healthy, say goodbye to cigarettes.
Now we will introduce you to proven folk remedies that lower cholesterol levels.
Pollen
Pollen is useful for disorders of lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis, high cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood. Adults should take 20 to 40 grams of pollen per day, preferably in three divided doses. For children, the dosage is reduced by 2-3 times.
Consume pollen 30 minutes to 2 hours before meals. Crush and chew thoroughly before swallowing. You can also mix pollen with honey, milk, yogurt, and other healthy foods.
Garlic
Garlic contains the amino acid allicin, which helps lower cholesterol levels by an average of 10 percent. Just eat 2-3 cloves a day and everything will work out.
If cholesterol has already done a lot of harm to the body (for example, atherosclerosis has already begun to develop), use another garlic-based remedy. For example, the famous Tibetan tincture. To do this, grind 100 g of garlic, pour 500 ml of alcohol, add 100 ml of lemon. This mixture must be infused for 2 weeks, then strain and drink 10 drops daily.
A tincture of honey, aloe and garlic helps well. Garlic and aloe are taken in equal parts and passed through a meat grinder. Add the same amount of honey to this mixture and store in the refrigerator. Eat a tablespoon of this tincture every morning.
Apples
If you want to get rid of excess cholesterol, eat apples. They contain soluble and insoluble fiber and pectin. Insoluble fiber acts like a brush, removing excess fat and toxic metabolic products from the intestines, and pectin is prevented from penetrating cholesterol molecules from the intestines into the blood. Apples should be eaten with the peel, as it contains substances that have antitumor activity.
Artichoke extract
Artichoke extract regulates cholesterol and triglycerides (fatty compounds, the excess of which also leads to the development of atherosclerosis). You need to take this remedy 40 drops in the morning and evening on an empty stomach. If you could not find artichoke extract in the store, prepare an alcoholic tincture of the plant yourself (at the rate of 100 g of crushed artichoke per 500 ml of alcohol with a strength of 60 C). Let the mixture stand for 2 weeks, then strain and take a teaspoon twice a day.
You can also drink artichoke juice, at least a tablespoon per day. This will also help you get rid of the problem of excess cholesterol.
Seed oil evening primrose oil
This product is a source of essential fatty acids. They support the cardiovascular system and, of course, regulate cholesterol levels. It is enough to take a tablespoon of this oil a day to get rid of hypercholesterolemia.
Plantain seeds
Plantain seeds also have miraculous properties. They prevent the reabsorption of bile, which means they do not allow cholesterol to enter the bloodstream. Take a teaspoon of dry seeds once a day with cold water and very soon you will notice that your well-being has improved significantly.
Linseed oil
This oil relieves the body of toxins, cholesterol, cleans blood vessels, and improves the functioning of the digestive system. Add it to salads and drink a tablespoon every day and you will notice the positive effect.
Alfalfa
Alfalfa gives an excellent healing effect. Especially if you use it in the form of sprouts. Grow alfalfa in a pot, cut off young shoots and add to salads, or just eat. You can also use dried alfalfa herb to prepare infusions (a tablespoon in a glass of hot water, leave for 10 minutes, drink a glass 2-3 times a day).
Juice therapy
Special mixtures of juices will help you get rid of cholesterol and rejuvenate. Here are some recipes - you can cook a new mix every day. Here's the first recipe:
Apple and pear do not allow cholesterol to enter the bloodstream, beets cleanse blood vessels, and ginger dissolves cholesterol plaques and strengthens the body as a whole. Just remember that this juice should be drunk fresh.
Another recipe for cleaning:
- 6 cabbage leaves;
- 2 carrots;
- a handful of garlic sprouts;
- 1 apple;
- ginger root 1 cm in size;
- half a lemon.
This mix will also help you deal with the problem. You will detoxify the whole body, strengthen blood vessels and get a burst of energy.
And another great recipe:
- half a lemon or grapefruit;
- 2 carrots;
- a clove of garlic or a quarter of a red onion;
- a handful of fennel sprouts;
- a quarter of beets;
- 2 dandelion leaves or 1 cabbage leaf.
Drink these juices and you will always be healthy. With the help of our article, you learned the symptoms and treatment of high cholesterol levels, now it remains to put these tips into practice.
Write in the comments about your experience in treating diseases, help other readers of the site!
Folk remedies for hypercholesterolemia
When treating hypercholesterolemia by means of traditional medicine, attention should be paid to the treatment of diseases, the consequence of which is an increased content of cholesterol in the blood. These are diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, impaired hormone production, liver damage, hereditary familial hypercholesterolemia. In these diseases, the cholesterol balance is disturbed, for the normalization of which it is necessary to minimize the effect of the course of the disease on the production of "excess" cholesterol.
Diet, exercise, obligatory daily walks in the fresh air - can slightly improve a person's condition with hypercholesterolemia, but without treatment of causative diseases, the threat of atherosclerosis and diseases of the heart and vascular system remains quite large.
Medicinal herbs for hypercholesterolemia
You will not see external signs of high cholesterol. But if you notice small fatty glands on the eyelids, as well as in the area of \u200b\u200bthe tendons, you urgently need to be tested for blood lipites and begin treatment under the direct supervision of a specialist.
Do not think that if we are young, this deviation will bypass us. Even at a young age, hypercholesterolemia is a common diagnosis.
1. 10 grams of finely chopped root of Dioscorea nipponskaya pour 250 grams of cold water, simmer over low heat in a water bath with boiling water for 40 minutes, stirring occasionally. Strain and take 15 ml 20 minutes after meals in cycles of 25 days with a break of 10 days. The duration of the course of treatment is 3-4 months. After six months, if necessary, repeat.
3. Broth of sandy immortelle / 10 grams of chopped flowers pour 200 ml of water, heat for half an hour with the lid closed in a water bath, stirring often. Cool for 10 minutes /. Consume 10 minutes before meals for 1 full dessert spoon. The course of treatment continues for 1 month. Then you need to take a break for a period of 10 days. Continue treatment.
8. 30% Tribulus creeping herb extract take a full tablespoon before meals.
9. Extract of prickly artichoke take 500mg, divided into portions, three times a day before meals. Apply for the age group after 30 years.
Home remedies for lowering cholesterol
It is recommended to be treated with traditional medicine for high cholesterol, taking into account consultations with the attending physician, a cardiologist-endocrinologist. With long courses of treatment, it is necessary to be tested and examined at least once every six months. your healthcare provider may offer you to purify your blood using hemodialysis.
Hypercholesterolemia recedes before folk remedies
In the treatment of hypercholesterolemia by means of traditional medicine, attention should be paid to the therapy of diseases, the consequence of which is an increased content of cholesterol in the blood. These are diseases: diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hormone production disorders, liver damage, hereditary family pathology. In these diseases, the blood formula is disturbed, for the normalization of which it is necessary to minimize the effect of the course of the disease on the production of "extra" lipoproteins.
Diet, exercise, obligatory daily walks in the fresh air can slightly improve a person's condition with hypercholesterolemia, but without treatment of causative diseases, the threat of atherosclerosis and diseases of the heart and vascular system remains quite large. In the material, we will talk about which folk remedies can help in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
Medicinal herbs will cleanse the blood and blood vessels
Most often, this disease is a companion of obesity, the payback for overeating and excessive appetite. But there is hereditary hypercholesterolemia, and it is much more difficult to treat.
You will not see external signs of an increased lipid level. But if you notice small fatty glands on the eyelids, as well as in the tendon area, you urgently need to do a blood test and start treatment under the direct supervision of a specialist. Do not think that if we are young, this deviation will bypass us. Even at a young age, this is a common diagnosis.
Folk recipes
1. 10 grams of finely chopped dioscorea root pour 250 grams of cold water, simmer over low heat in a water bath with boiling water for 40 minutes, stirring occasionally. Strain and take 15 ml 20 minutes after meals in cycles of 25 days with a break of 10 days. The duration of the course of treatment is 3-4 months. After six months, if necessary, repeat.
2. Place 20 grams of dried and chopped May Rosehip berries in a deep enamel bowl and pour a full glass of boiling water. Simmer over low heat in a water bath under a closed lid for 15 minutes. After cooling, drain. Take poml 2 times a day.
3. Broth of sandy immortelle 10 grams of chopped flowers pour 200 ml of water, heat for half an hour with the lid closed in a water bath, stirring often. Refrigerate for 10 minutes. Consume 10 minutes before meals for 1 full dessert spoon. The course of treatment continues for 1 month. Then you need to take a break for a period of 10 days. Continue treatment.
4. Dry and grind the leaves of the watch three-leafed into powder. Use 2 grams per day, sprinkling over spice dishes.
5. Milk thistle seed powder take a teaspoon with a meal.
6. 2 tablespoons with a slide of spoons, crushed into powder, roots of cyanosis blue, add to 250 ml of cold water. Heat slowly in a boiling water bath for 25 minutes under a closed lid. Insist 15 minutes and take 15 ml up to 5 times a day. The prepared broth will not deteriorate in the refrigerator for 2 days.
7. Infusion of celandine - 1 gram of dry leaves pour 250 ml of boiling water. After cooling, drain. Directions for use: 1 dessert spoon by mouth up to 3 times a day. The plant is poisonous.
8. 30% Tribulus creeping herb extract take a full tablespoon before meals.
9. Extract of prickly artichoke take 500 mg, divided into portions, three times a day before meals. Apply for the age group after 30 years.
An increase in the amount of cholesterol is the most striking evidence of atherosclerosis. This condition is caused by a sedentary lifestyle, poor nutrition, and heredity cannot be discounted. The joint efforts of a cardiologist, nutritionist and herbalist will help you regain your healthy and blooming appearance as quickly as possible.
It will not be superfluous to get acquainted with the recipes of traditional healers. All of them are based on the use of infusions, tinctures or decoctions from medicinal plants. Some of the herbs can be eaten as salads. The ultimate goal of such treatment is to saturate the body with useful substances and stop the formation of toxic metabolic products.
Home remedies for hypercholesterolemia
In case of hypercholesterolemia, drink drinks from rowan berries, prepared using sugar substitutes, in an amount of 300 grams per day.
Heat the crushed roots of licorice naked weighing 10 grams with a glass of boiling water in an enamel bowl in a water bath under a closed lid for 40 minutes. Strain by squeezing the cake and take 15 ml during the day 5 times. The course of treatment lasts 10 days. After the same break, the treatment can be repeated.
Linseed oil take 20 grams in the morning on an empty stomach in courses of 40 days with a break of 20 days. Treatment is long-term, but with hypercholeseremia - this folk remedy acts gently and effectively.
Before each meal, drink 1 glass of cool water 15 minutes before meals.
Check out our article Garlic, a folk remedy for cleansing blood vessels, and you will learn a lot of useful information for treating high lipid levels.
Eat 1-6 grams of ground turmeric root long daily.
Eat sugary kelp (seaweed) 200 grams daily in the form of a salad or as a powder, 1/2 teaspoon each to cleanse the blood vessels.
It is recommended to be treated with traditional medicine for high cholesterol, taking into account consultations with the attending physician, a cardiologist-endocrinologist. With long courses of treatment, it is necessary to be tested and examined at least once every six months. Your healthcare provider may offer you to purify your blood using hemodialysis.
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Hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol): occurrence, manifestations, rules of nutrition and treatment
Despite the solid name, hypercholesterolemia is not always a separate disease, but a specific medical term denoting the presence of a large amount of cholesterol in the blood. Often - due to concomitant diseases.
Experts associate the extent of the problem with the cultural and culinary traditions of different regions. Medical statistics show that in countries whose national cuisine is focused on dishes with a low content of animal fats, such cases are much less common.
Hypercholesterolemia: basic concepts
The reasons for the development of the disease can be hidden in the genes. This form of the disease is classified as primary hypercholesterolemia, or FH (familial hypocholesterolemia). Having received from the mother, father or both parents a defective gene responsible for the processes of cholesterol synthesis, the child may have this disease. In children, FH is practically not diagnosed, since the problem becomes noticeable only at a more mature age, when the symptoms become more noticeable.
The Fredrickson classification is considered generally accepted, although the specificity of various disorders of lipid processes from it will be clear only to a specialist.
The secondary form develops in the presence of certain factors that are catalysts for the disease. In addition to the causes and conditions, the combination of which is most likely to cause a problem, there are also certain risk factors.
According to ICD 10 - the generally accepted medical classification of diseases - pure hypercholesterolemia has a code E78.0, and refers to dysfunctions of the endocrine system and metabolism.
The classification of the disease is based on the reasons for its development, but they do not have specific features of the course or external manifestations of its form:
- The primary form is not fully understood, as there is no one hundred percent reliable means of preventing it. Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia develops when abnormal genes are present in both parents. Heterozygous hereditary hypercholesterolemia (when the gene is in one of the parents) occurs in 90% of patients, while homozygous FH is one case in a million.
- Secondary (develops in connection with diseases and metabolic disorders);
- Alimentary food is always associated with the lifestyle of a particular person, and develops due to unhealthy eating habits.
When does hypercholesterolemia appear?
In most cases, hypercholesterolemia is provoked by:
- Diabetes;
- Liver disease;
- Hypothyroidism;
- Nephrotic syndrome (NS);
- Systematic intake of certain medications.
Risk factors include:
- Genetic (SG);
- Arterial hypertension;
- Excessive body weight, which often happens from food addictions and metabolic disorders;
- Hypodynamia;
- Constant stress;
- Unhealthy dietary habits, excessive consumption of foods that increase cholesterol, such as fried eggs in lard;
- The constant use of alcohol, where not the alcohol itself leads to the deposition of plaques, since it does not contain lipids, but the "snack" that it requires.
In the case when several of the above conditions coincided, you need to be especially careful about your health, and, if possible, eliminate existing problems.
Video: hereditary hypercholesterolemia
External signs and symptoms
Being a specific indicator that is detected when using laboratory diagnostic methods (lipid profile), hypercholesterolemia reveals high blood cholesterol, the general indicator of which, in general, is of little informative, since it consists of high and low density lipoproteins and triglycerides. The task of laboratory diagnostics is to divide the total cholesterol into its components and calculate the effect of low and very low density lipoproteins on the walls of arterial vessels.
In some (far-reaching) cases, the disease has external manifestations, according to which a specialist can make a fairly accurate diagnosis. There are specific signs that indicate secondary or hereditary hypercholesterolemia:
- Lipoid corneal arch is considered evidence of the presence of FH if the patient's age is up to 50 years;
- Xanthelasmas are dirty yellow nodules under the upper layer of the eyelid epithelium, but they may not be visible to the untrained eye;
- Xanthomas are cholesterol nodules localized over the tendons.
The bulk of the symptom appears only as a consequence of the progress of the disease, which gradually becomes severe and many concomitant diseases.
Xanthomas (left) and xanthelasmas (center and right) can have varying degrees of severity and brightness. Relatively harmless examples are given
Diagnostic methods
A correct and reliable diagnosis can be made after the study of the lipid spectrum, where total cholesterol is divided into fractions (useful and harmful) with the calculation of the atherogenic coefficient. And to determine the type of hypercholesterolemia, additional studies may be prescribed:
- A complete analysis of the anamnesis (taking into account the current complaints of well-being), it is equally important to find out the patient's opinion about the cause of the manifestation of specific signs (xanthoma, xanthelasma);
- Establishing the presence of FH (familial hypercholesterolemia) and other previously unaccounted for health problems;
- Examination, which includes auscultation and blood pressure measurement;
- A standard blood and urine test helps eliminate the likelihood of inflammation;
- A deep (biochemical) blood test that determines the level of creatinine, sugar and uric acid;
- Lipidogram, which allows to establish the presence of hyperlipidemia (high levels of lipoproteins);
- Immunological analysis;
- An additional genetic blood test among family members to identify a genetic defect.
Potential consequences and complications
The most unpleasant consequence of hypercholesterolemia is atherosclerosis - the deposition of cholesterol plaques on the walls of blood vessels, which, accumulating, lead to pathological changes in the wall, it loses its elasticity, which affects the work of the entire cardiovascular system. Ultimately, atherosclerotic plaques cause vasoconstriction and occlusion, which can result in a heart attack or stroke.
The chronic nature of complications with certain consequences of the disease is explained by dysfunction of the circulatory system, as a result of which ischemia of organs or vessels develops.
Vascular insufficiency is the most dangerous complication, and its acute nature is determined by vasospasm. Heart attack and rupture of small or large vessels are typical manifestations of the consequences and associated diseases of hypercholesterolemia.
If a blood test shows a high cholesterol content (the norm of cholesterol in the blood is less than 5.2 mmol / l or 200 mg / dl), then it makes sense to examine the entire lipid spectrum. And when total cholesterol is increased due to "harmful" fractions (low and very low density lipoproteins), then later you will have to reconsider the lifestyle, radically changing the usual way towards healthier and more useful.
Video: what do the tests say? Cholesterol
Features of nutrition with hypercholesterolemia
A diet for hypercholesterolemia is designed to have an anti-sclerotic effect, removing excess cholesterol from the body using a certain set of foods.
General nutritional rules are aimed at normalizing metabolism and mastering healthy eating habits.
Principles of nutrition for hypercholesterolemia:
- Decrease in the amount of fat in the daily diet.
- Partial or complete elimination of high cholesterol foods.
- Limiting intake of all saturated fatty acids.
- Increasing the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the daily diet.
- Consuming large amounts of slow (complex) carbohydrates and plant fiber.
- Limiting the amount of salt - no more than 3-4 grams per day.
- Replacement of animal fats with vegetable ones.
Nutrients, trace elements and vitamins should form the basis of the diet to lower blood cholesterol. But this process is quite long, and the dietary scheme will have to be followed for more than one month. Nutritionists and doctors insist on a variety of foods and meals so that the body can function normally.
What to exclude unequivocally?
foods with the highest cholesterol content (photo: "ABC")
What to form a diet from?
Among the useful products, you can separately put fish, since even the fattest varieties of it will only benefit, but you should start taking fish oil only after consulting your doctor.
It is better to choose lean meat for cooking, otherwise it is worth cutting off the fat layer from the piece. Fillet and tenderloin are considered to be the most suitable parts for nutritional therapy. Sausages, sausages and similar products should be completely excluded from the menu.
Almost all dairy products are not recommended, only a small amount of skim milk is permissible.
Foods that lower cholesterol in the blood, in some cases, can cause excess weight. A typical example is nuts, which, although considered beneficial in the fight against plaque cholesterol, are still excessive in calories. Green tea will also help cleanse blood vessels, but will not lead to weight gain.
You should not abuse intoxicating drinks when dieting, since even moderate hypercholesterolemia (blood cholesterol level not exceeding 6.5 mmol / l or 300 mg / dl) requires adherence to the dietary regimen, which is greatly hindered by alcohol. It is believed that the amount of alcohol per day should not exceed 20 ml. With diseases of the heart and circulatory system, alcohol should be excluded as such.
Bran and coarse flour in the dietary scheme completely replace the premium flour, and this rule should be followed when choosing bakery products. Butter rolls, cookies and other sweets are not recommended, since most recipes are based on high-cholesterol foods.
Cereals and cereals are a fundamental component of the diet; doctors and nutritionists allow the preparation of cereals with skim milk.
Vegetable and fruit fiber is the third pillar of the diet, since the substance normalizes the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, contains a large amount of trace elements and helps cleanse blood vessels by removing cholesterol.
All forms and types of hypercholesterolemia listed above do not have dietary patterns. The assortment of dishes and the grocery set of therapeutic diets are also identical, as are the methods of cooking food.
It is better to steam it, as well as boil, stew or bake any food. For weight problems, doctors recommend monitoring the glycemic index of meals.
Video: cholesterol-lowering foods
Standard treatments
Non-drug basis for the treatment of hypocholesterolemia:
- Weight loss;
- Distribution of physical activity depending on the level of oxygen inflow (individual selection of the program, taking into account all concomitant diseases and their severity);
- Normalization of the diet, strict control of the amount of incoming substances in accordance with the volume of loads (refusal from fatty and fried, replacing fatty proteins with less nutritious ones, increasing the daily portion of fruits and vegetables);
- Refusal to take alcohol (helps to slow down the mass gain, the exchange of uric acid is normalized, the likelihood of side effects when taking medications decreases);
- Restriction on smoking (allows you to reduce the risk of developing pathologies of the cardiovascular system, the concentration of substances of the antiatherogenic group increases);
Drug therapy
Statins
Their goal is to lower cholesterol inside cells and slow down its synthesis by the liver. In addition, the drugs contribute to the destruction of lipids, have an anti-inflammatory effect and reduce the risk of damage to healthy areas of blood vessels. According to statistics, patients on statins live longer and face fewer complications of atherosclerosis. However, taking medications should be strictly controlled, since over time statins can lead to damage to liver tissue and some muscle groups, therefore laboratory studies of both the lipid spectrum and other biochemical parameters during treatment are carried out regularly. Statins are not prescribed for patients with liver problems (significant abnormal liver function tests).
Ezetimibe and similar drugs
This group should prevent the absorption of cholesterol in the intestines, but has only a partial effect. The fact is that only 20% of cholesterol comes from food, the rest is formed in the liver tissues.
Cholic acid sequestrants
This group of substances promotes the elimination of cholesterol, which is in the composition of fatty acids. Side effects from taking them relate mainly to the speed of the digestive processes, but taste buds can also be affected.
Fibrates
The action of the drugs is aimed at lowering the level of triglycerides while increasing the concentration of high-density lipoproteins.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Substances regulate the amount of triglycerides and also stimulate the heart. As you know, omega-3 is found in most types of oily fish, which, in the absence of weight problems, can be safely included in the diet.
Blood purification
In the treatment of severe cases of hypercholesterolemia, it is often necessary to regulate the composition and properties of blood, taking it out of the body.
DNA structure correction
At the moment, it can only be considered in the future, but in the future it will be used to treat the hereditary form of the disease.
Folk remedies
Traditional medicine is also ready to offer its help, and treatment with folk remedies is aimed at lowering blood cholesterol levels. If this approach can still help to cope with the acquired form of the disease, then with a gene mutation all kinds of decoctions and tinctures will certainly not have a positive effect. In any case, the reception of folk remedies can be carried out only after the issue has been agreed with the doctor. Examples of suitable recipes can be found in the material for cleaning blood vessels from cholesterol.
The main symptoms are:
- White rim around the edges of the cornea
- Flat nodules under the skin of the eyelids
- Tight nodules over tendons
- Grayish rim around the edges of the cornea
Hypercholesterolemia is not an independent nosological unit, but a condition of the body in which the level of cholesterol in the bloodstream increases. Usually, the cause of the progression of such a pathological process is various chronic ailments in the human body. For example, diabetes mellitus.
With a slight increase in cholesterol levels, hypercholesterolemia does not pose a threat to human health. If the level rises to critical indicators, then this is already very dangerous, since there is a high risk of development.
Pure hypercholesterolemia according to ICD 10 has a code E78.0. It belongs to the group of endocrine and metabolic dysfunctions. Most often, this pathological condition is observed in middle-aged and older people. But such a framework is not always straightforward. Hypercholesterolemia can manifest itself in any person whose diet contains large amounts of animal fats.
Etiology
The main reasons for the progression of hypercholesterolemia are ailments already present in the human body, such as:
- nephrotic syndrome;
- ... In most situations, this ailment is the main reason for an increase in the concentration of cholesterol in the bloodstream;
- liver pathology, mainly of a chronic nature.
Risk factors for the progression of hypercholesterolemia:
- hereditary predisposition. In this case, the sick person develops family or hereditary hypercholesterolemia;
- frequent stressful situations;
- large body weight, caused more often by an unbalanced diet than by a violation of the metabolic process;
- regular consumption of alcoholic beverages in large quantities;
- poor nutrition and unhealthy eating habits. For example, a person regularly eats eggs fried in lard. All this greatly contributes to an increase in cholesterol levels in the bloodstream.
Varieties
Depending on the etiological factors, clinicians divide hypercholesterolemia into:
- primary. It is also called familial hypercholesterolemia. The main reason for its development is a hereditary factor. Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia is diagnosed when both parents have abnormal genes at the same time. Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia occurs in 90% of patients. This form of primary hypercholesterolemia develops when only one parent has an abnormal gene;
- secondary hypercholesterolemia. It progresses only in the presence of factors that are catalysts of the disease. Usually develops against the background of chronic pathologies or metabolic disorders;
- alimentary. The reason for its progression is the wrong way of life of a person and harmful food addictions.
Symptoms
Hypercholesterolemia is not a disease, but a specific laboratory indicator. It is possible to detect an increase in cholesterol levels in the bloodstream only through some laboratory tests, lipid profiles in particular. Usually, in the case of a slight increase in cholesterol, no external symptoms are observed in a person. They begin to manifest themselves only when the pathological condition turns into a more advanced form. It should be noted that the symptoms of hypercholesterolemia are quite specific, so it will not be difficult for the doctor to make an accurate diagnosis.
The main symptoms of pathology:
- xanthomas. This symptom is characterized by the appearance on the skin of a person of dense nodules, inside which cholesterol is contained. Usually localized over the tendons of a person, for example, on the hand;
- xanthelasma. In this case, excess cholesterol is deposited under the skin of the eyelids. Visually, they look like small flat nodules. May have a yellow color, but in most cases it is difficult to distinguish them from the past areas of the skin;
- lipoid arch of the cornea. A characteristic symptom of increased cholesterol. On visual examination, the doctor can see that a pathological rim has formed along the edges of the cornea, which has a white or grayish tint. This is excess cholesterol. Usually, this symptom manifests itself in patients over 50 years of age. But if the lipoid arch on the cornea manifested itself before this age, then this indicates the presence of a hereditary form of pathology in humans.
Diagnostics
It is possible to detect an increase in blood cholesterol levels only through laboratory research methods. Most often, a person does not even suspect that this substance accumulates in large quantities in his body. Usually, an increase in its concentration is detected by chance, for example, during a routine examination.
The standard diagnostic plan for this pathological condition includes:
- collection of anamnesis of the patient's illness and complaints. Sometimes the patient complains of the appearance of pathological formations on the skin - xanthom and xanthelasm;
- analysis of the patient's life;
- physical examination;
- lipid profile;
- immunological blood test;
- genetic analysis.
Healing activities
All methods of treatment of this pathological condition can be divided into the following groups:
- non-drug treatment;
- drug treatment;
- genetic engineering methods;
- extracorporeal treatments;
- folk remedies.
Non-drug therapy includes the following activities:
- normalization of weight;
- to give up smoking;
- limiting the consumption of beverages containing high doses of alcohol;
- physical activity (moderate). The lesson plan for each patient is drawn up strictly individually;
- diet for hypercholesterolemia is also very important. It is necessary to reduce the consumption of animal fats, but at the same time enrich your diet with dietary fiber and vitamins. You should also completely abandon the use of fried and fatty foods.
Medicines for the treatment of pathology:
- statins;
- inhibitors of absorption of cholesterol in the human intestine. The main task of these funds is to reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the intestine;
- bile acid sequestrants;
- fibrates;
- omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. These drugs are necessary for treatment, since they significantly reduce the risk of heart rhythm disturbances, and also prolong the life of patients who have previously had myocardial infarction.
Extracorporeal methods of therapy are used only for severe forms of pathology. Their essence lies in the fact that with the help of special innovative devices, the composition of the blood, as well as its properties (outside the human body), is changed.
Folk remedies for the treatment of pathology should be used only with the permission of their attending physician and in tandem with the methods of official medicine. The most effective are folk recipes from:
- dioscorea root of nippon;
- rose hips;
- sandy immortelle;
- three-leaf watch leaves;
- milk thistle seed powder (an effective folk remedy);
- cyanosis roots blue;
- tribulus herbs creeping;
- celandine;
- prickly artichoke.
Prevention
Prevention of hypercholesterolemia can be roughly divided into primary and secondary. Primary prevention are methods that should be used to keep cholesterol levels in the bloodstream from going up. These events include.
In patients with hypercholesterolemia, xanthomas often occur - skin neoplasms of altered cells, which are compacted nodules containing lipid inclusions. Xanthomas accompany all forms of hypercholesterolemia, being one of the manifestations of lipid metabolism disorders. Their development is not accompanied by any subjective sensations, in addition, they are prone to spontaneous regression.
Source: estet-portal.com
Xanthomas are classified into several types:
- eruptive - Small yellow papules, localized mainly on the thighs and buttocks;
- tuberous - look like large plaques or tumors, which are usually located in the buttocks, knees, elbows, on the back of the fingers, face, scalp. Neoplasms can have a purple or brown tint, a reddish or cyanotic border;
- tendon - localized mainly in the area of \u200b\u200bthe extensor tendons of the fingers and Achilles tendons;
- flat - most often found in the folds of the skin, especially on the palms;
- xanthelasma - flat xanthomas of the eyelids, which are yellow plaques raised above the skin. More often found in women, not prone to spontaneous resolution.
Another manifestation of hypercholesterolemia is cholesterol deposits along the periphery of the cornea (lipoid arch of the cornea), which have the appearance of a white or grayish-white rim. The lipoid arch of the cornea is more common in smokers and is almost irreversible. Its presence indicates an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease.
With the homozygous form of familial hypercholesterolemia, there is a significant increase in blood cholesterol levels, which is manifested by the formation of xanthomas and lipoid arch of the cornea already in childhood. In puberty, such patients often experience atheromatous lesions of the aortic orifice and stenosis of the coronary arteries of the heart with the development of clinical manifestations of coronary heart disease. In this case, acute coronary insufficiency is not excluded, which can cause death.
The heterozygous form of familial hypercholesterolemia, as a rule, remains unnoticed for a long time, manifesting itself as cardiovascular insufficiency already in adulthood. Moreover, in women, the first signs of pathology develop on average 10 years earlier than in men.
Hypercholesterolemia can lead to the development of atherosclerosis. In turn, this causes vascular damage, which can have various manifestations.
An increase in blood cholesterol levels provokes the development of atherosclerosis, which, in turn, is manifested by vascular pathology (mainly atherosclerotic lesions of the blood vessels of the lower extremities, but damage to the cerebral, coronary vessels, etc. is also possible).
Diagnostics
The main method for detecting hypercholesterolemia is a biochemical blood test. At the same time, in addition to the lipidogram, the content of total protein, glucose, uric acid, creatinine, etc. is determined. In order to identify concomitant pathology, a general blood and urine test, immunological diagnostics are prescribed, and a genetic analysis is performed to identify the possible cause of hypercholesterolemia. In order to exclude hypothyroidism, a study of the level of thyroid hormones (thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine) in the blood is carried out.
On objective examination, attention is paid to cholesterol deposits (xanthomas, xanthelasmas, lipoid arch of the cornea, etc.). Blood pressure in patients with hypercholesterolemia is often elevated.
To diagnose vascular changes, they resort to instrumental diagnostics - angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, Doppler sonography, etc.
An increase in blood cholesterol levels provokes the development of atherosclerosis, which, in turn, is manifested by vascular pathology.
Treatment of hypercholesterolemia
Drug therapy for hypercholesterolemia consists in the appointment of statins, bile acid sequestrants, fibrates, inhibitors of cholesterol absorption in the intestine, and fatty acids. If concomitant arterial hypertension is detected, drugs that normalize blood pressure are used.
In the course of lipid metabolism correction, xanthomas usually regress. If this does not happen, they are removed surgically, or by cryodestruction, laser or electrical coagulation.
In homozygous patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, drug therapy is usually ineffective. In such a situation, they resort to plasmapheresis with a two-week interval between procedures. In severe cases, liver transplantation is required.
An important component of the normalization of fat metabolism is the correction of excess body weight and a healthier lifestyle: good rest, adequate physical activity, smoking cessation, and diet.
Diet for hypercholesterolemia
The basic principles of a diet for hypercholesterolemia:
- reducing the amount of fat in the diet;
- reduction or complete elimination of high-cholesterol foods;
- limiting saturated fatty acids;
- an increase in the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids;
- eating a lot of plant fiber and complex carbohydrates;
- replacement of animal fats with vegetable;
- limiting the use of table salt to 3-4 grams per day.
It is recommended to include white poultry meat, veal, beef, lamb, fish in the diet. Choose lean meats (tenderloin and fillets preferred), remove skin and fat. In addition, the diet should contain fermented milk products, coarse bread, cereals, vegetables and fruits. Eggs can be eaten, but their number is limited to four per week.
Fatty meats, sausages, offal (brain, liver, kidneys), cheese, butter, coffee are excluded from the diet.
Food is prepared in gentle ways that reduce the fat content in ready-made dishes: boiling, stewing, baking, steaming. If there are no contraindications (for example, bowel disease), you should increase the content of fresh vegetables, fruits and berries in the diet.
An important component of the normalization of fat metabolism is the correction of excess body weight and a healthier lifestyle.
Prevention
In order to prevent the development of disorders of fatty and other types of metabolism, it is recommended:
- maintaining a normal body weight;
- rejection of bad habits;
- sufficient physical activity;
- avoidance of mental stress.
Consequences and complications
Hypercholesterolemia can lead to the development of atherosclerosis. In turn, this causes vascular damage, which can have various manifestations.
Violation of normal blood circulation in the lower extremities contributes to the formation of trophic ulcers, which in severe cases can lead to tissue necrosis and the need for limb amputation.
When the carotid arteries are damaged, cerebral circulation is impaired, which is manifested by a disorder of the cerebellar function, memory impairment, and can lead to a stroke.
When atherosclerotic plaques are deposited on the wall of the aorta, it becomes thinner and loses its elasticity. Against this background, a constant blood flow leads to stretching of the aortic wall, the resulting enlargement (aneurysm) has a high risk of rupture with the subsequent development of massive internal hemorrhage and a probable death.
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