But they arise only with a symptomatic course.
The nature of the discharge depends on the organs affected. Trichomoniasis can affect almost the entire genitourinary tract, but the presence of discharge is usually associated with damage to its initial sections.
Allocations occur when the following organs are damaged:
1.
urethra ( urethra);
2.
vagina.
Urethra.
The defeat of the urethra by Trichomonas is accompanied by scanty mucopurulent discharge, which can sometimes be transparent or grayish and, extremely rarely, foamy. In men, for whom Trichomonas urethritis is the most common pathology caused by these pathogens, the discharge may look like a large drop extending from the outer mouth of the urethra. In this case, there is swelling and inflammation of the sponges of the urethra. This discharge can be intermittent and usually occurs in the morning. The most intense discharge from the urethra occurs in the first days of the disease, but over time they can completely disappear.Vagina.
For Trichomonas vaginal lesions, more pronounced discharge is characteristic than with lesions of the urethra. A copious, foul-smelling, yellow-green vaginal discharge usually occurs, which can sometimes be frothy. However, with trichomoniasis, the discharge can also be white or even watery. The frothiness of the discharge is associated with vaginal dysbiosis, in which, due to the imbalance of the microflora, anaerobic bacteria develop rapidly, capable of producing gas, which foams the secretions formed by Trichomonas infection.It is important that a woman can distinguish pathological from physiological discharge. Normally, vaginal discharge is white or clear and does not have any odor. For the first half of the menstrual cycle, colorless discharge is more characteristic, while for the second half it is whitish, opaque. This is due to the action of female sex hormones, the effect of which changes the nature of vaginal mucus.
It should be understood that very often trichomoniasis is asymptomatic, and if there are any manifestations, then discharge is not always observed. In addition, discharge is usually associated with a number of other symptoms.
Other symptoms of trichomoniasis are:
- Itching and pain when urinating. Pain and itching of the genitals when urinating are the most frequent and persistent signs of urethritis. Can be seen in both men and women. Damage to the back of the urethra can lead to bladder infections, resulting in frequent urge to urinate with a small amount of urine.
- Pain during intercourse. The defeat of the vagina with trichomoniasis is the cause of sexual intercourse, since vaginitis is usually accompanied by dyspareunia - pain during intercourse.
- Vaginal dryness. Dysfunction of the vaginal glands due to an infectious and inflammatory process leads to vaginal dryness. This is one of the reasons why pain is observed during intercourse.
- Vaginal bleeding. Inflammation of the vagina is the cause of easy bleeding of this organ, especially after intercourse. This usually manifests itself as small hemorrhages in the mucous membrane.
- Lower abdominal pain. The appearance of pain in the lower abdomen may be a sign of the development of complications of trichomoniasis. In this case, Trichomonas can affect almost the entire genitourinary tract. The intensity of pain depends on the affected organ and the activity of the inflammatory process. Most often, the pain is mild, pulling.
Factors causing increased symptoms in trichomoniasis are:
- the use of alcoholic beverages;
- eating spicy foods;
- incorrect intake of antibiotics;
- monthly;
- seasonal infections;
- other sexually transmitted diseases;
- exacerbation of chronic diseases of internal organs.
Trichomoniasis in women is a fairly common sexually transmitted disease.
The insidiousness of this disease lies in the fact that it can proceed almost unnoticed for a long time, and eventually lead to the development of chronic pathology and infertility.
Let's consider what this disease is, symptoms and principles of its treatment.
The causes of the disease
The disease is caused by vaginal Trichomonas. These are the simplest single-celled creatures that have the ability to move due to the presence of special flagella.
Important! Trichomonas is not a bacterium, but the simplest single-celled creature. This must be taken into account when treating and not choose antibacterial agents to which this pathogen is not sensitive.
This protozoan lives only in the human urinary tract and becomes the cause of the development of various inflammatory processes.
Today, trichomoniasis is the most common pathology of the genitourinary system. According to the WHO, it occurs in 10-12% of the total population of the planet and the number of cases is constantly growing.
How is the disease transmitted?
Trichomonas can be infected with unprotected intercourse from a sick partner. In some cases, the infection occurs during anal and oral sex.
The domestic transmission route is unlikely, but possible. Trichomonas lives only a few hours in the external environment, provided that there is good humidity.
When heated or exposed to direct sunlight, this protozoan dies within a few minutes. Therefore, you can get infected from a patient by using his personal hygiene items (towel, washcloth) immediately after use.
Symptoms and first signs of trichomoniasis in women
From the moment of infection until the first signs of trichomoniasis appear in women, it can take several weeks or months.
Important! In rare cases, the symptoms of the disease do not appear at all, in such cases they speak of the carriage of trichomoniasis. This is usually the case for men, but it can also happen with women. In these situations, a woman, without knowing it, infects all of her sexual partners.
In connection with this fact, patients with incomprehensible symptoms are always worried about the question of how trichomoniasis manifests itself in women. Its signs may differ in a particular woman, but most often patients are worried about:
- Vaginal discharge. They can be of various colors: from pale yellow to greenish with a characteristic putrid odor and foamy structure. In some cases, there may be no discharge.
- Burning, discomfort and itching in the vagina and perineal area.
- Frequent urge to urinate, as well as the appearance of cuts and pains during it.
- Unpleasant sensations and pain during intercourse.
- Swelling of the labia.
Symptoms, photo of discharge with trichomoniasis
The disease can be acute or chronic. In women, chronic trichomoniasis is characterized by a long course with periods of exacerbation and remission.
The disease is aggravated by various external factors: infection, stress, lack of personal hygiene, and others.
Diagnostics of the trichomoniasis
For diagnosis, the doctor collects anamnesis and examines the woman's genitals using special mirrors. If trichomoniasis is suspected, do and carry out.
PCR diagnostics gives almost 100% reliable results if performed correctly, even if there are only a few protozoan DNA molecules in the smear.
This is especially important in the presence of latent and chronic forms of the disease.
When treating trichomoniasis in women, the following requirements must be met:
- both partners are treated at the same time;
- sexual abstinence for the entire period of treatment or sex only in a condom;
- treat all forms, including the carriage of Trichomonas.
The treatment regimen is selected by the doctor individually for women and men.
For the treatment of trichomoniasis in women, drugs can be used:
- anti-trichomonas drugs (Metronidazole, Ornidazole, etc.);
- immunostimulants (interferons, etc.);
- nalidixic acid preparations for the prevention of urinary tract infections;
- local therapy (vaginal suppositories and creams);
- vitamins.
Complications of the disease in women
The danger of this disease lies in unpleasant complications that do not lend themselves to medical correction. So, the consequences of trichomoniasis in women can be as follows:
- chronic inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system (vaginitis, cystitis, etc.);
- adhesion processes;
- female infertility.
In pregnant women, this protozoan can provoke premature birth, abortion and the birth of premature babies.
This happens because the altered microflora in the vagina of a pregnant woman destroys the lower membrane of the fetal bladder and leads to premature rupture of amniotic fluid.
Trichomonas itself is not dangerous to the fetus, since it cannot penetrate the placental barrier, but it can become a transporter of other bacteria (chlamydia, gonococcus, etc.) that will harm the unborn baby.
Infection of the fetus is possible when passing through the birth canal of the mother. The likelihood of becoming infected is higher in a female fetus due to the structural features of the genitals (short urethra).
Prevention of trichomoniasis in women
Preventive measures include:
- identification and treatment of latent forms of the disease and carriers of Trichomonas;
- barrier methods of contraception (condom) during intercourse with an unreliable partner;
- the use of antiseptics after intercourse;
- observance of intimate personal hygiene.
Trichomoniasis - This is a curable disease, if its symptoms are noticed in time and therapy is started before the consequences develop. To avoid the problem, you need to take care of prevention and undergo routine examinations with a gynecologist.
Trichomoniasis in women - the main symptoms:
- Back pain
- Sleep disturbance
- Frequent urination
- Lower abdominal pain
- Disruption of the menstrual cycle
- Blood in urine
- Burning sensation when urinating
- Subfebrile temperature
- Cutting when urinating
- Profuse vaginal discharge
- Itching in the genital area
- Discomfort during intercourse
- Deterioration of the general condition
- Redness of the vaginal mucosa
- Yellow vaginal discharge
- Green vaginal discharge
- Vaginal discharge with a fishy odor
- Edema of the vaginal mucosa
- Foamy vaginal discharge
Trichomoniasis in women or Trichomonas is an infectious and inflammatory disease characterized by inflammation of the urethra. The incidence is approximately 40% - almost every second woman is infected. If untreated, there is a high probability that irreparable consequences will appear, including infertility.
The main reason for the development of the disease is the pathological effects of vaginal Trichomonas. Most often, the pathogenic agent is sexually transmitted, but there are other predisposing factors.
Signs of trichomoniasis in women are specific and are expressed by abundant foamy vaginal discharge, often with a fetid odor. The clinic includes cramps, burning and pain in the vagina, increased urge to urinate.
The most informative are laboratory diagnostic measures, which must be complemented by a gynecological examination.
The tactics of treating trichomoniasis in women is conservative in nature and consists in oral administration and local use of medications. It is worth noting that both sexual partners must undergo therapy at the same time.
Causes of the disease
The causative agent of the disease in women is the simplest unicellular microorganism - vaginal Trichomonas. Optimal conditions for increasing the number of bacteria:
- high degree of humidity;
- temperature is not higher than 37 degrees;
- acidic environment with pH ranging from 5.9 to 6.5.
- the mucous layer of the vagina or cervix;
- ducts of the Bartholin glands;
- urethral canal;
- bladder;
- skene's moves;
- uterus and its appendages (extremely rare).
Patients are worried about where the vaginal Trichomonas comes from. It is customary for clinicians to distinguish several ways of penetration of the pathogenic agent:
- Sexual - is implemented most often. Infection occurs during unprotected sex with a sick man. The danger of infection is that the sexual partner may be an asymptomatic carrier of pathogenic microorganisms.
- Household - is extremely rare. Infected through non-sterile medical instruments or through contact with infectious personal hygiene items.
- Contact. Relevant only for newborn girls who become infected from the mother while passing through the birth canal.
The manifestation of trichomoniasis is influenced by such predisposing factors:
- having unprotected sex;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- the use of other people's intimate hygiene products;
- substance abuse;
- transferred venereal diseases;
- visiting public bathrooms or baths.
Vaginal Trichomonas exists in a low acidity environment. It is worth noting the reasons for lowering the pH in the vagina:
- period of bearing a child;
- failure to comply with hygiene measures;
- the flow of menstruation;
- casual sex.
Vaginal Trichomonas
The following unfavorable conditions affect the spread of bacteria:
- massive infection;
- the state of the woman's immune system;
- the degree of the protective reaction of the vaginal secretion;
- condition of the vaginal epithelium;
- the presence of microflora.
In about 90% of cases, the main pathogen is associated with the following pathological agents:
- fungi from the genus Candida;
- ureaplasma;
- gonococci;
- mycoplasma;
- chlamydia.
Frequent relapses of trichomoniasis in women can be triggered by the following factors:
- monthly;
- sexual contact;
- non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene;
- excessive addiction to alcoholic beverages;
- decreased local and general immunity;
- dysfunction of the ovaries.
Disease classification
Based on the causes and duration of infection, they distinguish:
- fresh trichomoniasis - the disease lasts less than 2 months;
- chronic trichomoniasis - clinical signs persist for 2 or more months, the disease is characterized by an undulating course with alternating phases of exacerbation of symptoms and remissions.
Fresh trichomoniasis is of the following types:
- acute - symptoms of trichomoniasis in women appear suddenly, are very pronounced;
- subacute - the clinical picture is less pronounced than in the first case;
- torpid - there is a manifestation of meager symptoms;
- asymptomatic - Trichomoniasis, when a woman is infected, but external manifestations are completely absent.
Chronic trichomoniasis in women is:
- uncomplicated - treatment was started before the consequences appeared, including irreparable;
- complicated.
Symptoms of trichomoniasis in women
The incubation period for trichomoniasis in women varies from 3 days to one month, often 2 weeks. At this time, the pathogen only multiplies and does not cause any special damage to the internal organs of the genitourinary system. Clinical manifestations are completely absent.
The first signs of the disease in the acute variant of the course:
- abundant discharge of a frothy consistency of a yellowish or greenish tint - it is worth noting that discharge with trichomoniasis has a specific unpleasant smell of rotten fish;
- frequent urge to pass urine;
- pain sensations localized in the lower abdomen, extending to the lower back;
- itching of the genitals of varying severity;
- discomfort during sexual intercourse;
- a slight increase in temperature indicators up to 37.5 degrees;
- cramps and burning when emptying the bladder;
- the vagina swells and becomes bright red;
- the appearance of blood impurities in urine;
- sleep disorder;
- violation of the menstrual cycle;
- general deterioration in well-being.
The duration of the first signs is 12-15 days, often ends with recovery on the background of timely started treatment.
Symptoms of trichomoniasis in women
In cases of subacute course, the main difference in the clinical picture will consist only in an increase in the amount of vaginal discharge. In torpid trichomoniasis in women, the symptoms are erased, the disease turns either into a chronic form or into trichomoniasis.
The chronic course of pathology during an exacerbation has standard symptoms. During remission, external manifestations are not noted.
Trichomoniasis in women photo of discharge
Diagnostics
How trichomoniasis manifests itself in women, how the diagnosis is carried out and which treatment regimen is the most effective, the gynecologist knows.
Despite the presence of specific symptoms, the process of establishing a diagnosis includes laboratory tests and instrumental examinations.
Primary diagnosis:
- familiarization with the history of the disease - to identify STDs and other pathological factors;
- collection and analysis of life history - to establish the mechanism of infection;
- thorough manual and instrumental gynecological examination;
- palpation of the lower parts of the anterior abdominal wall;
- detailed survey - to determine the severity of clinical signs, which will indicate how long ago the incubation period ended.
Among laboratory studies, such manipulations are distinguished:
- general clinical and biochemical blood tests;
- bacterial culture of a smear taken from the vagina, using a contrast agent;
- PCR diagnostics
- serological tests;
- culture sowing;
- molecular genetic analyzes.
The following instrumental procedures play an auxiliary role:
- transvaginal ultrasound;
- x-ray of the pelvic organs;
Differential diagnosis involves comparing trichomoniasis with vulvovaginitis of candidiasis, gonorrheal or non-specific nature.
Only when the doctor gets acquainted with the results of the research procedures will the most effective treatment of trichomoniasis in women be prescribed.
Treatment of trichomoniasis in women
The tactics of how to treat trichomoniasis in women are always conservative. The basis of therapy is oral administration and local use of antibacterial substances (suppositories for trichomoniasis for women).
Most often, patients and their partners are prescribed Metronidazole for trichomoniasis - vaginal Trichomonas is the most sensitive to this substance.
Trichomoniasis in women drugs
Such pills for trichomoniasis in women can be prescribed:
- Trichopolum;
- Flagil;
- Ornidazole;
- Tinidazole;
- Ternidazole.
The drug Metronidazole.
Local antichomonas substances are effective - Metrogyl gel ointment and suppositories for trichomoniasis in women:
- Klion-D;
- Betadine;
- Osarcide;
- Terzhinan;
- Osarbon.
How many days to use local medicines is determined by the attending physician. Often the course of therapy lasts 10 days.
Treatment for trichomoniasis in women may include:
- adaptogens;
- immunomodulators;
- vitamin and mineral complexes;
- folk remedies of medicine;
- diet.
The effectiveness of therapy is controlled by laboratory tests, which must be taken within 3 menstrual cycles after the end of the course of treatment.
Treatment of trichomoniasis in pregnant women is similar, only the dosage of drugs will differ. The therapy is completely controlled not only by the attending physician, but also by the obstetrician-gynecologist.
Possible complications
Lack of treatment for chronic trichomoniasis, as well as its acute form, is fraught with the development of unpleasant complications. The most common consequences are:
- endometritis;
- adnexitis;
- salpingo-oophoritis;
- infertility;
- parametritis;
- abscess of the Bartholin glands;
- tubo-ovarian abscess;
- pelvioperitonitis;
- vulvitis;
- salpingitis;
- urethritis;
- bartholinitis;
- cystitis;
- cervicitis;
- pyelonephritis.
In women in a position, the consequences of infection include spontaneous abortion and premature labor.
Prevention and prognosis
In order not to have a problem with what to treat trichomoniasis in women, one should only strictly adhere to such simple preventive recommendations:
- maintaining a healthy lifestyle;
- exclusion of promiscuous sexual intercourse;
- engaging in only protected sex;
- compliance with the rules of intimate hygiene;
- early diagnosis and treatment of STDs;
- regular examination by a gynecologist.
Timely noted symptoms and competent treatment of trichomoniasis in women dictate the prognosis of the disease. In most cases, due to timely detection and complex therapy, complete recovery is achieved. Negative consequences develop in about 10% of patients; no fatal outcome has been recorded.
If you think that you have Trichomoniasis in women and the symptoms characteristic of this disease, then a gynecologist can help you.
Of all the ailments that are transmitted during intercourse, trichomoniasis is the most common. The main symptom of infection with vaginal Trichomonas is discharge from trichomoniasis. If physiological leucorrhoea, which is present in healthy people, is transparent or white-yellow, odorless, then in case of Trichomonas infection, the discharge is different. Therefore, if there are deviations in color and consistency, as well as the appearance of a smell of discharge, their abundance, you should definitely consult a doctor in order to identify in time the reasons for the appearance of such discharge.
In both women and men, trichomoniasis can be asymptomatic. It is leucorrhoea that can sometimes become the only short-term symptom that can alert a person. Discharge occurs in case of damage to the urethra - the urethra, or the vagina. Depending on which organs are affected, the symptoms of inflammation of the genitourinary system may be different.
Lesion of the urethra
In this case, women experience pain, pain during urination. In addition, the urge to urinate becomes more frequent. The pain intensifies during intercourse, while causing discomfort.
There may be pains of a dull, aching character in the very lower abdomen. The pain radiates to the back. There is severe itching, burning in the genitals, the skin around them. Both the skin and the mucous membrane of the vulva are edematous, impressively reddened. In this case, the mucous membrane of the vagina, cervix is \u200b\u200bunchanged.
In men, Trichomonas urethritis is the most common pathology caused by these pathogens. The sponges of the urethra swell and become inflamed. Over time, the resulting discharge from the urethra may completely disappear.
Discharge in women
- With this disease, leucorrhoea in women is greenish-yellow or white, and may be gray.
- Their consistency is frothy.
- Quite often, they have a specific fishy smell, they can corrode mucous membranes, as well as the skin of the genitals.
The frothiness of the leucorrhoea is explained by the ability of Trichomonas to emit carbon dioxide. It is associated with vaginal dysbiosis - at the same time, against the background of imbalance in the microflora, anaerobic bacteria develop rapidly, which are capable of producing gas that foams the secretions formed by Trichomonas infection. In women, vaginal discharge can be bloody - pink or brown - and it can also foam.
Depending on how much whiter it is, it becomes possible to determine in what form the disease proceeds. In the acute form of infection, leucorrhoea from the genital tract:
- abundant;
- frothy;
- with an unpleasant specific odor.
As for the chronic course of the disease, in this case:
- the discharge is more scarce;
- worse after or before menses.
Discharge in men
In representatives of the stronger sex, discharge with trichomoniasis manifests itself as follows:
- they are white, transparent or grayish;
- leucorrhoea in men is rarely foamy;
- scanty episodic discharge appears in men in the morning in the form of a spherical drop.
Droplet discharge in men is a classic symptom of trichomoniasis in the stronger sex. The discharge of mucus or pus from the urethra is complemented by a burning sensation, as well as pain during urination. After that, the infection from the urethra passes to the prostate gland, where the inflammatory process begins, prostatitis occurs. The infection then spreads to the seminal vesicles.
What makes the symptoms worse
- Drinking alcohol and spicy delicacies.
- Taking the wrong antibiotics.
- Monthly.
- Seasonal infections.
- Other sexually transmitted diseases.
- Exacerbation of chronic diseases of internal organs.
Why is trichomoniasis dangerous?
In the presence of a chronic form of trichomoniasis in women, serious consequences are possible.
- Infertility develops against the background of chronic inflammation in the uterine appendages, obstruction of the fallopian tubes.
- There are characteristic sexual disorders - anorgasmia, frigidity.
- During pregnancy, miscarriage, premature birth is possible.
- Malignant neoplasms appear in the cervical region.
In addition, Trichomonas are the harbingers of the development of sweet illness, mastopathy and allergies. The same applies to cancer in the female reproductive system.
Self-examination
In order to determine the infection at the very beginning of the disease, the nature of the discharge should be investigated. Perhaps there are air bubbles in them. Swelling of the vaginal walls in women should be alerted. The same goes for the cervix. Red spots appear on their surface - this is a sign of an inflammatory process, irritation.
In any case, if there are such changes, you should undergo a diagnosis at a women's health center or go to a clinic. A specialist examines a sample of the discharge using a microscope. It is very important to start the treatment of the disease on time, otherwise serious consequences are possible, the pain will become more intense, over time, even infertility is possible.
Is a parasitic disease, known since ancient times, sexually transmitted and causing inflammation of the mucous membrane of the urogenital organs of women and men.
The disease is based on a special type of microorganisms called protozoa. In nature, there are many types of protozoan microorganisms. Some of them live in water, soil, others parasitize in the organisms of animals and humans.
Who are Trichomonas, types of Trichomonas
The simplest- unicellular organisms, unlike other unicellular organisms, are capable of movement, due to the presence of flagella and independent existence outside the infected organism. In their structure, protozoa resemble ordinary cells, the totality of which makes up an integral organism. The difference lies in the fact that protozoa, despite the simplicity of their structure, exist as a separate integral organism.The name Trichomoniasis comes from the simplest organisms called Trichomonas, which cause specific local pathological phenomena.
Trichomonas, which parasitize the human body, are of three types:
Trcihomonas elongata - lives in the mouth.
Trichomonas hominis - lives in the human intestine, feeds on various bacteria, erythrocytes (blood cells).
Trichomonas vaginalis - located in the lower urinary tract:
- Urethra
- Vagina
- Prostate
Ways of Trichomonas infection
Trichomoniasis is a very common disease. There is no place on earth where this microorganism would not exist. According to some reports, trichomoniasis occurs in both men and women, young and mature, who are sexually active. The disease is transmitted mainly sexually, that is, through unprotected sexual intercourse.Trichomonas colpitis (vaginitis)
Colpitis - inflammation of the superficial layers of the vaginal mucosa. The term colpitis is borrowed from the Greek language. There is also a second name characterizing inflammation of the vaginal mucosa, of Latin origin - vaginitis.
For acute Trichomonas colpitis are characterized by:
- Intolerable itching, burning in the vagina, around the labia. Itching is due to the irritating effect of Trichomonas on the walls of the vagina and foamy secretions (secretions).
- Redness and scratching of the skin in the perineal region, labia (large and small). Appear due to itching in these areas.
- Foamy discharge with a characteristic unpleasant odor. The volume of discharge depends on the phase of the course of the disease. From profuse leucorrhoea (discharge) of yellow color, with an acute progressive course, to scanty discharge of gray color, with a chronic sluggish process. Foaminess and an abundance of secretions appear as a result of vital activity in parallel with Trichomonas, a special type of bacteria that emit gas.
Trichomoniasis in the menopausal period.
In women in menopause, the incidence of trichomoniasis varies widely. Lack of estrogen causes atrophy (decrease in function, thinning of the walls) of the vaginal mucosa. Accordingly, the microflora of the inner surface of the vagina is disrupted, local immunity decreases, and favorable conditions are created for the growth and development of not only Trichomonas, but also many pathogenic microorganisms. The main clinical symptoms are expressed as:
- Mucopurulent discharge, sometimes streaked with blood
- Itching in the vestibule
- Rarely minor bleeding after intercourse
Pregnancy and trichomoniasis
Typically, trichomoniasis causes inflammatory changes at the local level, that is, at the genital level. Thus, negatively affecting the course and course of pregnancy. It can cause complications such as spontaneous abortion and premature birth. The essence of termination of pregnancy is that Trichomonas cause inflammatory changes, in which special substances called prostaglandins are released into the blood. Prostaglandins cause increased contractions of the uterine muscles, thereby promoting the expulsion of the fetus from the uterine cavity.Central nervous system (CNS) disorders 
Inflammatory damage to the mucous membrane, the addition of a secondary purulent infection and abundant fetid vaginal discharge affect the quality of intercourse. Sexual intercourse becomes painful and impossible. A long chronic course of the disease can ultimately cause frigidity not only due to pain, but also emotional discomfort, causing in some cases a violation of the psycho-emotional state of a woman.
Microscopic method
For diagnostics, confirming the presence of Trichomonas in the genital tract, it is necessary to take smears from the vaginal mucosa. Swabs are preferably taken from three different locations:
Among women
- Posterior vaginal fornix
- Cervical canal
- Urethra
- Scraping from the urethra
- Prostate fluid
- Sperm
To collect the prostate fluid, a gentle massage of the prostate is usually done.
Laboratory studies should be carried out no later than 30 minutes after taking smears, since Trichomonas are very unstable in the external environment and quickly die.
The taken material is placed on a glass slide, a 0.9% sodium chloride solution is dropped, covered with a cover glass and placed under a microscope. In some cases, for better detection of Trichomonas, smears are pre-stained. Microscopic examination is the most operative method for diagnosing trichomoniasis and allows a diagnosis to be made only 15-20 after taking the initial material.
Cultivation of Trichomonas
As one of the three modern methods for determining the pathological pathogen, it has a number of advantages, such as:
- Allows you to determine the initial amount of Trichomonas in the test material. Indirectly reflects the degree of the inflammatory process.
- Reveals which drugs Trichomonas are sensitive to, which is very important when prescribing the correct and optimal treatment. It also allows you to correct already started treatment.
PCR method in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis
A very valuable method for detecting Trichomonas. The advantage of this method is that in the chronic course of the disease, the pathogen is very difficult to detect by conventional microscopic methods. In addition, any biological fluid of the body is suitable for research, be it blood, saliva, scraping of the mucous membrane of the urethra or vagina.
The method is based on the fact that Trichomonas DNA, that is, genetic material, can be easily detected in the test material. The accuracy of the analysis is 100%. The results appear the very next day, which allows you to start effective treatment in a timely manner.
Trichomoniasis treatment
To completely recover from trichomoniasis, the following conditions must be met:- It is necessary to be treated for both sexual partners at the same time
- During the course of treatment, any sexual contact is excluded
- Apply special anti-trichomonas drugs (metronidazole, tinidazole)
- In parallel with the treatment, hygiene rules for the care of the genitourinary organs are observed:
- Daily washing of the genitals using antiseptics (a weak solution of potassium permanganate, a solution of furacilin) \u200b\u200bor detergents, that is, ordinary toilet soap.
- All movements during washing are carried out from front to back, that is, from the side of the vagina to the anus. This is necessary in order to avoid introducing infection into the urethra.
- Individual use of toiletries (soap, washcloths, towels).
- Daily change of underwear
- Compulsory treatment of other, simultaneously occurring diseases of the genitourinary organs of infectious and inflammatory origin.
Scheme using metronidazole (trichopol)
The first day, take 1 tablet 4 times orally with water.
From the second to the seventh day, inclusive, take 1 tablet 3 times a day, also inside with water.
Metronidazole - antiprotozoal, antimicrobial drug.
Mechanism of action consists in a depressing effect on the genetic apparatus of bacteria. In this case, all biological processes of the cell gradually stop and the microorganism dies.
Contraindication serves as pregnancy and hypersensitivity to the drug.
Tinidazole regimen
Take 4 tablets at once, 500 mg each. Or
For 7 days, 1/3 tablet 2 times a day
Tinidazole
The drug is from the same group as metronidazole with a similar mechanism of action and side effects.
Contraindications –
- hematopoietic disorders
- pregnancy and lactation
- hypersensitivity to the drug
Klion - D - a combined preparation containing equal parts of metronidazole and miconazole (antifungal drug). The drug is very effective for mixed infections of the genitourinary apparatus of bacterial and fungal origin.
Assign in the form of vaginal suppositories, 1 piece at night for 10 days.
Monitoring the effectiveness of treatment anti-trichomonas drugs are carried out as follows:
- Within 2-3 months after treatment, smears of the contents of the vagina and urethra are taken for microscopic examination for the presence of vaginal Trichomonas
- Swabs should be taken 1-3 days after menstruation
Prevention of trichomoniasis
Preventive measures imply an integrated approach aimed at protecting from possible infection not only with trichomoniasis, but also all sexually transmitted diseases, be it gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis and many others.
- Prophylaxis should start with educational activities about a healthy lifestyle, the importance of contraceptive methods, and the transmission of infections that cause inflammatory diseases of the genital tract. These measures are primarily aimed at preventing the occurrence of infectious inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary organs in adolescents. Medical workers, teachers in schools, professors in lyceums and universities are obliged to carry out educational activities in this direction among senior schoolchildren, students of universities, vocational schools.
- Categories of young and middle-aged people who are sexually active should be careful in choosing a sexual partner. Indiscriminate sex is not encouraged. An intimate relationship with one sexual partner is considered ideal. An important role is played by the use of condoms, as a means of preventing unwanted pregnancy and transmission of Trichomonas infection during sexual intercourse.
- Preventive control by a gynecologist at least once a year, with taking smears from the urethra, posterior vaginal fornix, cervical canal. The contents of these places are subjected to microscopy, thereby determining the presence of a possible infection and at the same time determining the degree of purity of the vagina.
- Treatment of concomitant diseases of the genitourinary organs caused by other types of pathogenic microorganisms that reduce local immunity and increase the risk of perceiving Trichomonas infection.
- An incomparably significant role in the spread of Trichomonas vaginalis is played by the simultaneous use of toiletries (washcloth, towel) by two or more persons, one of whom is sick with trichomoniasis. Therefore, it is necessary for each person to have their own body care products and use them individually.
- In preparation for pregnancy, tests should be taken for the possible presence of a hidden current infection of the urinary tract, both for a woman and a man. And also consult your doctor about this. When planning a pregnancy, it is necessary to cure all possible foci of infection in a woman's body.
What are the possible consequences of trichomoniasis?
Most often, trichomoniasis gives complications during pregnancy:- premature birth;
- low birth weight;
- transmission of infection to the baby when he passes through the birth canal.
How to eat properly with trichomoniasis?
Nutritional features are no longer associated with the disease itself, but with the intake of anti-trichomoniasis drugs that have antibacterial activity. As with any antibiotic, nutrition should be complete, otherwise nausea, indigestion and other side effects may occur. You need to have a hearty breakfast, preferably porridge. It is useful to take preparations of pancreatic enzymes during the course of treatment, for example, Mezim-Forte. You can also take medications containing bifidobacteria, since antibiotics can cause dysbiosis. Ask your healthcare professional for more detailed advice.
Do not drink alcohol within 24 hours after ingestion metronidazole and within 72 hours after ingestion tinidazole... These drugs can cause a reaction to ethyl alcohol, like "coding" for alcoholism. Nausea, vomiting and other unpleasant symptoms occur.
Is it possible to have sex with trichomoniasis?
During the treatment of trichomoniasis, having sex is completely contraindicated for two reasons:- Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection. This means there is a risk of infecting a partner / partner.
- Sexual intercourse reduces the effectiveness of treatment.
Does a condom protect against trichomoniasis?
Condoms are one of the simplest, most affordable and effective means of protecting against unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. But they do not completely protect against either one or the other. Condoms prevent trichomoniasis infection by only 90%. With constant contact with one sick partner, the likelihood of transmission of the infection increases even more.
Do not forget that during sexual intercourse the condom can break, slide off the penis.