Coming from the external environment and through sexual intercourse. But also the vaginal mucosa is very vulnerable and prone to various inflammatory processes, including the danger of inflammation of the uterus, tubes and ovaries, which can lead to infertility and many other unpleasant consequences.
Itching, burning in the vaginal area, discharge of an unusual color and smell, soreness during sexual intercourse are vaginitis or colpitis. This disease occurs very often and is familiar to almost every woman. It develops not only with unprotected and promiscuous sex life. Vaginitis can develop with hypothermia, stress, overwork, hormonal changes, taking antibiotics, wearing uncomfortable underwear, and even with allergies. And not only adults who are sexually active women are susceptible to the development of vaginitis, such a disease is often found in babies under 10 years old, and even in infants and newborns.
The manifestations of vaginitis bring significant discomfort, and any inflammation of the vagina can lead to serious complications, therefore, it is not just necessary to treat vaginitis, but it is necessary and at the same time timely, comprehensively and correctly. To do this, you need to contact a gynecologist.
Conditionally pathogenic microorganisms of the vaginal mucosa:
- gardnerella bacteria (Gardnerella vaginalis);
- staphylococci;
- enterococci;
- e. coli (Escherichia coli);
- mushrooms of the genus Candida;
- proteus and some others.
- violation of personal hygiene of the external genital organs;
- promiscuous sex and change of permanent partner;
- taking antibacterial agents;
- douching the vagina with antiseptics;
- injury to the vaginal mucosa (as a result of chemical or physical effects);
- the effect on the vagina of 9-nonoxynol, which is contained in contraceptive preparations used externally (in condoms, suppositories, vaginal tablets);
- hormonal disorders, including as a result of stress, pregnancy, overwork;
- viruses (human papillomavirus, genital herpes, cytomegalovirus, influenza, HIV infection and others);
- allergy (food, contact allergy to personal hygiene products (soap, gels, pads, contraceptives), to underwear (especially narrow and synthetic)) and other reasons.
Bacterial vaginitis (vaginosis)
Bacterial vaginosis is a vaginal dysbiosis, which is associated with a decrease in the number of "beneficial" lactobacilli and the growth of opportunistic bacteria (mostly gardnerella bacteria).Colpitis or thrush
This is a fungal infection of the vaginal mucosa. Fungi of the genus Candida are found in the vagina of all women, therefore thrush, like bacterial vaginitis, is a manifestation of vaginal dysbiosis. Thrush can be transmitted both sexually and as a result of decreased immunity or taking antibiotics.Specific vaginitis
Sexually transmitted diseases contribute to the development of specific vaginitis: - trichomoniasis;
- gonorrhea;
- chlamydia;
- syphilis;
- ureaplasma;
- mycoplasma;
Specific vaginitis often occurs chronically, requires specialized treatment, and often leads to complications, including infertility.
Atrophic colpitis
Atrophic colpitis is an inflammation of the vagina associated with a lack of female sex hormones, namely estrogen.Causes of atrophic colpitis:
- menopause (menopause);
- removal of the ovaries;
- taking medications that inhibit the production of estrogens (for example, testosterone).
In addition to discomfort, atrophic colpitis predisposes to the growth of opportunistic bacteria, facilitates infection with sexually transmitted diseases and aggravates their course.
Vaginitis (colpitis) - photo
Candidal vaginitis
Trichomonas colpitis
Chlamydial colpitis
Which doctor should i go to for vaginitis?
If you suspect any type of vaginitis, women should contact to a gynecologist (sign up) to the antenatal clinic or to a private clinic. Since vaginitis is diagnosed and treated on an outpatient basis, it makes no sense to go to the gynecological departments of city and district hospitals if you suspect vaginitis.Diagnostics
The diagnosis of vaginitis is based on the patient's complaints and symptoms, the results gynecological examination (sign up)produced by the doctor himself, and the results of laboratory tests. It should be understood that the actual diagnosis of vaginitis, that is, inflammation of the tissues of the vagina, is made on the basis of the examination data and the characteristic clinical symptoms described by the woman. And further analyzes and examinations are prescribed by a doctor in order to determine the type of vaginitis, identify the microbe-causative agent of the inflammatory process and, accordingly, select the optimal therapy that would allow curing the disease. Consider what tests and examinations a doctor can prescribe to diagnose a type of vaginitis and identify the causative agent of inflammation.What tests can a doctor prescribe for vaginitis?
So, first of all, with vaginitis, the doctor prescribes vaginal smear for microflora (sign up), since this study allows you to obtain objective data indicating an inflammatory process in the vagina, and tentatively determine the causative agent of inflammation. In other words, a smear on the microflora can be called "sighting", since it gives a rough idea of \u200b\u200bwhich microbe became the causative agent of inflammation.After a smear on the flora, the doctor simultaneously prescribes bacteriological culture (sign up) a vaginal discharge blood test for syphilis (sign up) and analysis by method PCR (sign up) (or ELISA) vaginal discharge for genital infections (sign up) (trichomoniasis, gonorrhea (enroll), chlamydia (sign up), ureaplasmosis (sign up), mycoplasmosis (sign up)). Both bacteriological culture and analysis for syphilis and genital infections must be submitted, as they allow the detection of various microbes that can provoke vaginitis. And since vaginitis can be caused by a microbial association, that is, not only by one microorganism, but by several at the same time, it is necessary to identify all of them so that the doctor can prescribe drugs that have a detrimental effect on all microbes that are sources of inflammation. According to the instructions, bacteriological culture and tests for genital infections must be taken, because even if, for example, Trichomonas or gonococci are found in a smear on the microflora, then this may be erroneous, and one cannot be guided by the result of a smear alone.
After identifying the causative agent of vaginitis, the doctor may prescribe colposcopy (sign up) for a more detailed assessment of the degree of pathological changes and the condition of the tissues of the vagina. Mandatory for vaginitis, colposcopy is performed on young nulliparous girls.
In principle, this is where the examination for colpitis ends, since its goals have been achieved. However, to assess the state of the reproductive system against the background of an inflammatory process in the vagina, the doctor may also prescribe Ultrasound of the pelvic organs (sign up).
Basic principles of vaginitis treatment
- Vaginitis must be treated comprehensively with drugs for external use and oral administration;
- with specific vaginitis, only antibacterial drugs are used that are effective against the corresponding infections, according to the results of laboratory tests; they cannot be cured without taking antibiotics;
- any course of treatment of vaginitis must be completed to the end, since incomplete cure leads to the development of a chronic process and the development of resistance (resistance) of infections to antibacterial drugs;
- it is important to follow all the rules of intimate hygiene, wear natural, not tight underwear;
- during treatment, it is advisable to exclude sexual intercourse, especially not protected by a condom;
- the course of treatment must be received simultaneously by both the woman and her sexual partner, this will prevent the development of repeated cases of vaginitis, including its chronic course;
- during treatment, it is necessary to refrain from drinking alcohol, it will be useful to adhere to a proper diet, with the exception of fatty, fried, smoked, spicy foods, limit the use of salt and sugar;
- the diet should include a large amount of non-acidic vegetables and fruits, dairy products;
- it is also recommended to avoid hypothermia;
- in the complex, vitamin preparations are prescribed, if necessary, drugs that increase the body's defenses (immunostimulants, immunomodulators, antiviral agents, lactobacilli for the intestine, etc.) and drugs that correct hormonal disorders.
Medicines for external use for vaginitis
External use of drugs in the treatment of vaginitis is very effective, due to the effect of drugs directly in the inflammation focus. This makes it easier to act on bacteria, restore normal microflora and the condition of the vaginal mucosa. Another important positive effect of local treatment is a significant reduction in the risk of side effects of drugs, especially in comparison with antibacterial drugs for oral administration.At the moment, the pharmacy network has a large number of dosage forms for use in the vagina, the effectiveness, frequency of administration, and the duration of the therapeutic effect depend on them.
Dosage forms of drugs used inside the vagina and their features:
1.
Vaginal suppositories or suppositories. It is the most commonly used dosage form in gynecology. Vaginal suppositories usually have the form of a cone with a rounded end, this shape ensures easy penetration of the suppository deep into the vagina. Any suppositories, in addition to the main active ingredient, contain glycerin, gelatin and some other additives. These additives form the shape, contribute to the gradual dissolution of the candle in the warm environment of the vagina and the penetration of the drug into the mucous membrane. The positive effect of suppositories is a quick action and relief of vaginitis symptoms. Vaginal suppositories are usually not recommended for use during menstruation, as the drug is washed off with menstrual blood. Also, suppositories flow out of the vagina, which reduces the time of action of the drug on the vaginal mucosa. The use of suppositories can cause discomfort in the vagina (itching, burning), these symptoms usually disappear within 10-15 minutes.
2.
Vaginal tablets represent a solid dosage form, it is a compressed powder of the active substance and additives. A feature of using this form of drugs is the need to wet the tablet immediately before administration. Vaginal tablets dissolve more slowly in the vagina. 
3.
Vaginal capsules - This is a solid form of vaginal preparations, it is a gelatin capsule (case), inside which there is a concentrated active ingredient. When it gets into the moist and warm environment of the vagina, gelatin dissolves and a concentrated drug is released. This form is conveniently administered, allows the components of the drug to "linger in the right place", but the effect does not come as quickly as when using vaginal suppositories, therefore capsules are not used to immediately relieve symptoms. 
4.
Douching products - This is a liquid dosage form, which is more often used for washing and irrigating the vaginal mucosa. The effect of the administered drugs is short-term, therefore, it is not used as monotherapy (treatment with one drug). Douching is usually done before other vaginal medications are used, but never after. 
5.
Tampons - gauze bags impregnated with a medicinal substance and stitched with a thread, which are inserted into the vagina. This achieves the effect of drug applications. Tampons are effective in chronic forms of vaginitis, which are combined with pathologies of the cervix (erosion, dysplasia, and so on). 
6.
Cream and gel in applicators - a very effective dosage form of drugs that allows for a longer effect on the inflammation focus. But the only drawback is the complexity of production, as a result - the high cost of drugs. Many vaginal creams and gels provide a positive healing effect after one application. Usually, each dose of the drug is in special tubes - applicators, with which the cream is evenly distributed on the vaginal mucosa. 
7.
Hygiene products for washing (soap, gel, lotion for intimate hygiene) is usually used in the complex therapy of vaginitis, but to a greater extent these agents are used to prevent vaginitis and are used daily during hygiene procedures. Many intimate hygiene products contain lactobacilli and lactic acid, which allows you to balance the normal microflora of the vagina and increase the body's resistance to various infections of the genitourinary system. Also, intimate gels may contain herbal ingredients, such as chamomile and calendula.
Rules for the use of vaginal drugs
- Treatment of vaginitis should be prescribed by a gynecologist, and not by the woman herself on the recommendation of the Internet or a pharmacist.
- Each drug has its own characteristics of administration, indications and contraindications, everything is described in detail in the instructions.
- Before introducing medications into the vagina, you need to wash yourself (or, if the doctor has prescribed, douching) and wash your hands thoroughly so as not to additionally introduce an infection.
- Vaginal preparations are inserted into the vagina using fingers or a special applicator that can be supplied by the manufacturer.
- Various medications are injected into the vagina while lying on your back with your legs raised and apart (like on a gynecological chair), while a candle or tablet is pushed into the vagina as deep as possible. After such a procedure, you need to lie down for at least 15-20 minutes, and if the drug is recommended once a day, then it is better to enter it before bedtime.
- After using many vaginal suppositories, you cannot wash off with soap or gel for intimate hygiene, severe itching or a decrease in the effectiveness of the injected drug may occur.
- When using vaginal preparations, it is necessary to use panty liners, so it will be hygienic and convenient, since many preparations leak after use.
Antiseptics for douching
- Chlorhexidine 0.05% solution;
- Tsiteal - dilute the concentrated solution with water 1:10;
- Hydrogen peroxide - 10-15 ml of a 3% aqueous solution of peroxide is diluted in 1 liter of warm water;
- Furacilin - 1 tablet per 100.0 ml of warm water;
- Vagotil - 10-15 ml per 1 liter of water;
- Protargol 1% aqueous solution;
- Soda solution -1 teaspoon of baking soda in 250.0 ml of water.
In trichomoniasis, the classic prescription is metronidazole preparations, which are administered simultaneously intravaginally and internally (through the mouth or by injection).
Before starting treatment, it is necessary to carry out laboratory diagnostics of vaginitis and determine the diagnosis. Bacteriological culture will help not only determine the composition of the microflora, but also antibiotics that will be effective for the treatment of vaginitis.
Specific colpitis requires the ingestion of appropriate antibacterial drugs, for this there is a set of antibiotics allowed during pregnancy and lactation. And although their reception is recommended only in severe cases, specific vaginitis is treated without fail at any stage of pregnancy, only in the condition of a gynecological department or a maternity hospital.
Nonspecific vaginitis in pregnant women is treated to a greater extent with local vaginal agents. For this purpose, combined drugs are more often used.
vulvovaginitis, cytomegalovirus and other herpetic infections in acute and chronic course, influenza, HIV infection;
All inflammatory processes in this area must be treated without fail, because inflammation can become chronic and lead to complications, such as fusion of the labia minora and labia majora, the development of cicatricial changes on the vaginal mucosa, damage to the gonads.
In the treatment of girls, local procedures are also preferred. Conventional intravaginal drugs (suppositories and others) are not prescribed to girls because of the risk of mechanical injury to the hymen. But there are special dosage forms of vaginal suppositories and pills for virgins. They are smaller and their shape is perfect for girls.
Methods for external treatment of vaginitis in girls:
Usually, a girl's vulvovaginitis goes away after proper hygienic care and several procedures of baths, lotions and applications. In more severe cases, oral antibiotics are prescribed. It is also very important to sanitize chronic foci of infections and increase immunity. To do this, you need to contact the appropriate specialists who will prescribe the necessary course of treatment, immunostimulants (Viferon, Laferobion, Immunoflazid and others) and multivitamins (Vitrum, Multitabs, Revit and others).
In order to successfully realize her reproductive function, a woman must be attentive to her own health. Constant inflammatory processes in the small pelvis lead to serious malfunctions in the work of other body systems. Therefore, one should not ignore such a pathology as chronic vaginitis, since without proper treatment, the disease can lead to serious consequences.
Description of the disease
Chronic vaginitis (colpitis) is a common gynecological disease that can occur in a woman at any age. When pathogenic bacteria enter the vaginal mucosa and their active reproduction, inflammation develops, accompanied by itching and the appearance of discharge.
Sometimes the disease can immediately become chronic, for example, with senile or atrophic colpitis.
Since during the period of remission, the signs of the disease are practically not manifested, the disease can exist for a long time (sometimes several months or years). It periodically worsens under the influence of external factors, for example, after ARVI or during pregnancy. Chronic colpitis does not affect the general state of health, so women are in no hurry to see a doctor. With this course of the disease, infection may penetrate into the fallopian tubes, uterus, ovaries, which can cause infertility.
About the types, causes, manifestations and treatment of colpitis - video
Where does colpitis come from
- The chronic form of vaginitis is the result of an acute inflammation that is not completely cured. In some cases, the disease may initially be latent, which is typical for a number of specific forms of colpitis.
- A long course is typical for mixed vaginitis, for example, bacterial-fungal, bacterial-Trichomonas, etc.
- Chronic colpitis often develops as a result of a decrease in immunity, provoked by the transfer of acute respiratory viral infections, chemotherapy, and prolonged use of antibiotics. Therefore, a woman should be fully examined in order to eliminate the cause of the deterioration of the body's defenses.
In addition, several factors increase the likelihood of developing chronic vaginitis:
- hypothermia;
- hormonal disorders;
- mechanical damage to the mucous membrane;
- neglect of the rules of personal hygiene;
- unprotected intercourse.
Symptoms
In the chronic form of colpitis, exacerbations are replaced by periods of remission. The disease recurs most often with a decrease in immunity, excessive physical exertion, exposure to stress.
The disease is accompanied by:
- secretion of a secret with an unpleasant odor of various colors and density;
- itching and burning sensation;
- pulling pain in the lower abdomen;
- discomfort during sex and urination.
From time to time, the symptoms disappear on their own. Therefore, women often do not pay attention to such manifestations, and this leads to the development of complications.In addition, there are specific signs depending on the causative agent of the disease.
By the type of discharge, you can determine the causative agent of the disease
Signs of different forms of vaginitis - table
Diagnostic methods
If you suspect chronic colpitis, the gynecologist prescribes the following studies:
- Inspection. During the study, the doctor assesses the condition of the mucous membrane, the presence of damage to the epithelium, edema, irritation. After examination, the gynecologist can assume which of the microorganisms triggered the development of the pathology. In the chronic course of the disease, there may be no severe edema and heavy discharge, which makes it difficultdiagnostics.
- Colposcopy. Allows you to examine the mucous membrane in more detail.
- Microscopic examination of smears. Chronic inflammation is characterized by an increase in white blood cell count.
- Bacteriological culture. The study allows you to determine the causative agent of the disease and its sensitivity to antibiotics.
- PCR. Used to identify sexually transmitted infections.
- Immunoassay blood test. Allows you to identify antibodies to a specific pathogen, to determine the duration of the course of the disease.
- Ultrasound. It is necessary when inflammation spreads to the internal genital organs.
Nonspecific chronic vaginitis develops under the influence of opportunistic microorganisms that constantly inhabit the female genital organs. Usually, the inflammatory process in such cases occurs with a decrease in immunity or a violation of hormonal levels. Therefore, it is necessary to take a blood test for hormones and make an immunogram. Depending on the research results obtained, appropriate treatment for chronic colpitis is prescribed.
How to treat pathology?
Chronic specific vaginitis can be caused by one or more types of microorganisms. To treat this form of the disease, antiviral, antiseptic, antibiotics are used.
Sometimes it is very difficult to cope with colpitis, as many microorganisms can hide inside other pathogens. They are also able to become resistant to the effects of the drugs used. For example, chlamydiae often live inside Trichomonas, so it is very difficult to destroy them. In this case, Trichomonas colpitis must first be cured, and then a course of antibiotics is prescribed. But even such therapy is not always effective due to the fact that pathogens are able to quickly get used to antibacterial drugs. Therefore, the body is "shaken up" with the help of certain medications that activate the pathogen and exacerbate the chronic process. And the disease in the acute stage is easier to treat.
Systemic drugs for chronic nonspecific colpitis are not always needed.Usually, the treatment of non-severe forms is carried out using combined topical preparations.
If chronic vaginitis occurs against the background of another pathology (diabetes mellitus, hormonal imbalance, etc.), first of all, its treatment is carried out.
Drugs used in the treatment of chronic vaginitis - table
| Group of drugs | Name | Description |
| Antibacterial drugs |
| Necessary for a specific form of vaginitis. They act directly on the causative agent of the disease. It is recommended to first determine the sensitivity to antibiotics. |
| Antifungal drugs |
| Used for fungal infections. |
| Vaginal suppositories or tablets |
| They are effective against bacterial and fungal infections and have anti-inflammatory properties. They work directly in the focus of inflammation, relieve symptoms of the disease, carefully affecting the mucous membrane. |
| Hormonal agents |
| They are used when the disease occurs during menopause and is associated with a decrease in estrogen levels. |
| Vaginal creams and gels |
| Effective agents that have a long-term effect on the inflammation focus. The positive effect is noted after the first application. |
| Probiotics |
| After a course of antibiotics, it is mandatory to take medications that restore the vaginal microflora. |
Preparations for the treatment of chronic colpitis - gallery
Amoxiclav is used for a specific form of colpitis Fluconazole is necessary for vaginitis caused by the fungus Geksikon acts directly in the focus of inflammation 
Klimonorm is used during menopause Fenistil eliminates inflammation and itching 
Lactonorm restores the vaginal microflora
Traditional methods of treatment
Folk remedies can be used as an adjunct to drug therapy, but only with the permission of a doctor. Many remedies based on medicinal herbs have antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties, are used for douching, vaginal irrigation.
To eliminate symptoms and accelerate the onset of recovery, it is recommended to use the following recipes:
- Infusion of celandine. The agent is chosen for sitz baths by adding it to the water. To prepare the infusion:
- 2 tbsp. l. place dry celandine in a thermos and pour 1 liter of boiling water;
- insist for several hours.
- Decoction of horsetail, chamomile or calendula. Used as a solution for douching.
- 2 tbsp. l. Pour 0.5 liters of boiling water over the selected dry plant;
- insist 3 hours.
- Sea buckthorn oil. A tampon is impregnated with this agent and inserted into the vagina at night. Recommended for use in atrophic colpitis.
- A decoction of medicinal plants for douching. To prepare it you need:
- mix sage, mallow flowers, oak bark and chamomile flowers in equal parts;
- 2 tbsp. l. collection, pour 2 cups of boiling water;
- insist for several hours.
- Douching with soda solution. This treatment is effective with heavy discharge. To prepare the remedy, 1 tbsp. l. soda is dissolved in a liter of boiling water.
- Propolis with honey. The tampon is impregnated with the product and inserted into the vagina for 2 hours. The duration of treatment is 14 days. How to cook:
- take a piece of natural propolis (no larger than a hazelnut), grind;
- add 50 g of water, put in a water bath;
- after dissolving propolis, strain and cool;
- add 1 tsp. honey.
Folk remedies for chronic colpitis - gallery
Celandine is used for sessile baths Horsetail is used for douching Sea buckthorn oil is recommended for atrophic colpitis Herbal decoction relieves inflammation Soda helps with abundant secretions Propolis relieves inflammation
Diet
When treating a chronic form of the disease, it is important to eat right. A woman should limit the use of:
- spicy, salty and fatty foods;
- pickles and smoked meats;
- sweets and flour products;
- alcoholic beverages.
The diet should contain fresh vegetables, dairy products, nuts, fruits, seafood.It will be useful to take special vitamin complexes.
Consequences and complications
In the chronic course of vaginitis, various complications can occur:
- The spread of the inflammatory process to other organs of the small pelvis. With an advanced stage of colpitis, the development of cystitis, urethritis, endometritis, cervical erosion and other pathologies is possible.
- The chronic form of vaginitis has a very negative impact on women's reproductive health. The inflammatory process leads to the formation of adhesions in the small pelvis, obstruction of the tubes, which makes it difficult to conceive. In addition, the risk of ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, premature birth, and fetal infection increases.
- In girls, the labia may grow together.
With adequate and timely treatment, complete recovery is possible. A woman must follow all the recommendations of the gynecologist and in the future do not forget about prevention.
Prevention
You can avoid the development of the disease by adhering to some simple recommendations:
- any gynecological pathologies must be treated in a timely manner;
- observe personal hygiene;
- give up promiscuous sex life;
- timely change underwear, hygiene products;
- improve immunity by adhering to a healthy lifestyle and eating right;
- do not use intimate hygiene products that can irritate the mucous membrane;
- choose only natural underwear.
It is much easier to treat vaginitis in the acute stage, but if the disease has become chronic, it is necessary to visit a gynecologist and start fighting this insidious pathology as soon as possible. Otherwise, complications that are very dangerous for women's health cannot be avoided.
Inflammation of the vaginal mucosa.
Colpitis
Inflammatory diseases of the female genital area are one of the most common reasons for women to visit a gynecologist. Colpitis is a very common inflammatory disease. What is colpitis? What are the reasons for colpitis? What symptoms of colpitis in women testify to the disease? Does colpitis happen in men? How to treat colpitis?
What is colpitis disease?
Colpitis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the vaginal mucosa. This disease is one of the most common among all reproductive diseases. Despite the development of medicine, the number of colpitis is not decreasing.
This is facilitated by a general decrease in the immunity of the population, changes in the sexual behavior of young people, and low medical literacy of the population. There is a synonym for the term "colpitis" - vaginitis.
Colpitis occurs in females at any age. In girls and adolescents who are not sexually active, nonspecific pathogens most often become the causes of colpitis. But those who are sexually active have a high enough risk of developing specific colpitis.
Although colpitis is a very common disease, their consequences are very serious. Therefore, the knowledge of women and girls about the symptoms of colpitis will allow them to consult a doctor in time in order to immediately treat colpitis.
Does colpitis happen in men?
Many people are concerned about the question: does colpitis happen in men and how does it manifest itself? No, colpitis in men does not happen. This term only refers to inflammation in the vagina. Since men do not have a vagina, colpitis does not occur in men either. Various inflammatory diseases of the external genital organs in men have their own terminology.
Colpitis causes and pathogenesis
The disease "colpitis" has the following main causes: the effect of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms on the vaginal mucosa. A woman's vagina is not normally sterile: normal rod-shaped and coccal flora, as well as opportunistic microbes, live on its mucous membrane. Normal flora creates an acidic environment that prevents the overgrowth of opportunistic and pathogenic flora.
Under the influence of unfavorable factors, the protective function of the normal flora and changes in the vaginal environment may decrease, which leads to an increased growth of opportunistic microbes. Or, a microorganism that should not live there under normal conditions is colonized on the vaginal mucosa. More often, such infection occurs through sexual contact, less often through contact and household (if the rules of personal hygiene are not followed).
Under the influence of a pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic, an inflammatory reaction begins, accompanied by all its classic signs (redness, swelling, soreness, dysfunction, increased local temperature). In addition to local processes, in some cases, general reactions of the body occur.
As a rule, the mere contact of a foreign microbe on the vaginal mucosa is not enough for inflammation to develop. Its development is facilitated by risk factors or their combination. Risk factors for colpitis include:
- Taking antibiotics and some other medicines by a woman, radiation therapy;
- Pregnancy and childbirth;
- Menopause;
- Strong decrease in immunity;
- Hypothermia, poor nutrition, stress;
- Sexual intercourse without protection from infections;
- Prolapse or prolapse of the vagina and uterus;
- Failure to comply with the rules of personal hygiene;
- Concomitant diseases (endocrine disorders, immunodeficiencies, oncological diseases);
- Inflammatory processes in the perianal region;
- General infectious diseases;
- The presence of foci of chronic infection;
- Taking hormonal contraceptives.
Like any inflammatory disease, colpitis has its own classification. It is necessary in order to distinguish some forms of the disease from others and to prescribe an appropriate remedy for the treatment of colpitis.
Downstream: acute, subacute and chronic colpitis
Depending on how long the inflammation lasts and how severe the symptoms are, colpitis occurs in several forms:
- Acute colpitis: the symptoms are bright, the duration of the disease is no more than two months.
- Colpitis with a subacute course: the clinical manifestations of inflammation are very scarce, the diagnosis is made according to laboratory criteria
- Chronic colpitis: the patient's symptoms are long (more than two months), episodes of remission of the disease can be replaced by its exacerbations.
By etiological factor
Based on what pathogen caused the disease, colpitis is nonspecific and specific.
A specific type of colpitis is caused by those microorganisms that should not be found in the vagina of a healthy woman. Specific colpitis is inflammation of the vaginal mucosa caused by chlamydia, treponema pallidum, mycobacterium tuberculosis, gonococcus, Trichomonas, some ureaplasma and mycoplasma, etc.
Nonspecific colpitis occurs when the balance of the vaginal flora is imbalanced. That is, opportunistic bacteria begin to multiply intensively and cause inflammation. Such bacteria include Proteus, Escherichia coli, various staphylococci and streptococci, enterococci, gardnerella, etc. In addition to bacteria, yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida, herpes viruses, and human papillomaviruses can be the culprits of nonspecific colpitis. In some cases, nonspecific colpitis is caused by the pathogenic growth of mixed flora.
Colpitis symptoms in women
The insidiousness of colpitis is that they very often proceed asymptomatically or with similar clinical symptoms, which include discomfort in the vagina, dysuric disorders, pathological discharge from the genital tract, and sexual disorders.
Therefore, doctors do not diagnose colpitis only on the basis of the patient's complaints, although they are very important. After interviewing the patient, the gynecologist proceeds directly to the examination, and then prescribes the necessary tests.
Some common types of colpitis
However, some symptoms of colpitis may still indirectly indicate the inflammatory process of which etiology is taking place in a woman's body.
What colpitis are the most common and what symptoms are they accompanied by?
Yeast (candidal) colpitis is one of the most common inflammatory diseases of the vagina. It is caused by fungi of the genus Candida, which are part of the conditionally pathogenic flora of the vagina. The main source of vaginal fungi is the intestines.
Yeast (candidal) colpitis does not belong to sexually transmitted diseases, but often goes hand in hand with them. Fungi begin to multiply intensively on the vaginal mucosa under certain conditions: taking certain medications, decreased immunity, pregnancy, malignant diseases, tuberculosis, etc. Usually, inflammation affects only the surface layers of the vaginal epithelium. Infection rarely goes deep.
Candidal (yeast) colpitis is accompanied by the following symptoms: itching and burning sensation in the vagina, the appearance of white cheesy discharge. Unpleasant sensations intensify after hygiene procedures (washing away), at night, after intercourse.
If inflammation affects the urinary tract, then there may be dysuric disorders (increased frequency of urination, soreness). Often, the skin of the external genital organs is affected with the formation of vesicles and erosion.
Trichomonas colpitis
Trichomonas colpitis is one of the most common diseases transmitted during sexual intercourse. The infection is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, which normally should not be present in the vagina at all. The causative agent belongs to the simplest microorganisms. Very often, Trichomonas colpitis is accompanied by other sexually transmitted infections. Therefore, it is often considered as a mixed infection.
Basically, Trichomonas colpitis is infected sexually. Girls also have trichomoniasis, which they contract by contact if personal hygiene is not observed (for example, a common towel from a sick mother and a healthy daughter).
Trichomonas live in the posterior fornix of the vagina, but can penetrate into the uterus and fallopian tubes, causing serious complications, including infertility.
The incubation period of the disease is from several days to one month. Symptoms of Trichomonas colpitis in women are as follows: discomfort in the vagina in the form of burning and itching, the presence of foamy yellow-gray discharge from the genital tract. The inflammation can affect the urethra, which can cause pain when urinating.
Often, the process is delayed for a long time, its symptoms subside. A woman forgets about her illness until a new exacerbation, while remaining contagious to others.
Chlamydial colpitis is one of the most common forms of infection caused by chlamydia. Chlamydiae occupy an intermediate place between bacteria and viruses, but they are sensitive to antibiotics. Most often, the inflammatory process in the vagina is one of the symptoms of urogenital chlamydia. The disease is very contagious, it threatens with serious complications in the reproductive sphere with delayed treatment.
The incubation period of the disease can be from five days to one month. After this, symptoms appear: serous-purulent discharge from the vagina. If there is also urethritis, and not only colpitis, then the symptoms are as follows: itching in the urethra, increased urge to urinate and pain with it.
Gonococcal colpitis
Gonococcal colpitis is one of the forms of gonococcal infection (). This is a very serious sexually transmitted disease that can lead to unpleasant complications and can take many different forms. In general, gonococci settle in the body on the columnar epithelium (urethra, fallopian tubes, cervical canal, paraurethral glands, etc.). In the vagina, the cylindrical epithelium is absent, so its mucous membrane is resistant to gonococci.
However, in a number of situations, gonococcal colpitis still develops. This happens in girls, during pregnancy, in postmenopausal women. During these periods, the vaginal epithelium becomes thinner, which becomes very loose. In any case, isolated gonococcal vaginitis almost never occurs. It accompanies other forms of the disease.
The latent period of the disease is up to one month. The disease can be asymptomatic or with mild symptoms. With the development of clinical symptoms, attention is drawn to itching, burning in the vagina, discharge from the vagina, pus-like, creamy consistency. In severe forms of infection, there may even be fever, vomiting, and signs of intoxication.
Colpitis due to intestinal flora
Colpitis caused by opportunistic microbes that live in the intestines of a woman refers to nonspecific colpitis. Such microbes include staphylococcus streptococci, enterococci, E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella and other pathogens. They begin to multiply intensively with a decrease in the protective properties of the vaginal mucosa.
Symptoms of colpitis in women caused by the inhabitants of the intestinal flora are as follows: discomfort in the vagina (itching, burning), pathological discharge from the vagina of a purulent or serous-purulent nature, soreness in the vagina during sexual intercourse. Colpitis is often combined with inflammatory processes of the vulva, cervical canal, and urethra.
Chronic colpitis can be caused by different flora. The chronization of the process occurs against the background of the absence or inadequate treatment of colpitis in women.
With the disease "chronic colpitis" the symptoms of the disease are not as pronounced as in the acute course of the process. Itching and burning are not so disturbing. The main complaint is discharge from the genital tract of varying intensity and of a different nature.
Features of colpitis during pregnancy
Colpitis during pregnancy is one of the most common, but at the same time, the most dangerous problems during pregnancy. Unfortunately, not all women are aware of the seriousness of colpitis during pregnancy and the fact that it is imperative to be treated. On the contrary, some expectant mothers are afraid of taking medications, both local and systemic, so as not to harm the baby.
The frequency of colpitis during pregnancy is due to the fact that a woman's vaginal environment changes during this period, local and general immunity decreases. That is, the prerequisites for the development of the infectious process are being created.
Specific colpitis is especially dangerous, since foreign flora can cause irreparable harm to the health of the mother and baby. It is especially dangerous to get colpitis during pregnancy in the early stages and immediately before childbirth.
Colpitis during pregnancy can cause premature termination of pregnancy and premature birth. Dangerous microorganisms that have penetrated the baby can cause a violation of its proper development. If infected shortly before delivery, an infection from the vagina can penetrate the fetus and cause inflammation in it. In this case, the baby will be born with signs of intrauterine infection, or they will appear a little later. Also, the child runs the risk of becoming infected from the mother, passing through the infected birth canal.
Atrophic colpitis is a special type of colpitis. It develops mainly in older women and is caused by age-related changes in the walls of the vagina. In postmenopausal women, the production of estrogen hormones is sharply reduced. This leads to a gradual thinning of the epithelium of the vaginal mucosa.
Following the thinning of the epithelium, the number of lactobacilli living in the vagina decreases. This leads to a change in the vaginal environment (increase in acidity) and the fact that opportunistic microorganisms begin to multiply.
The disease "atrophic colpitis" has the following symptoms: a feeling of dryness in the vagina, discomfort in the form of itching, soreness during sexual intercourse or urination, the appearance of a white or bloody vaginal discharge. Also, symptoms of atrophic colpitis are frequent urge to urinate, rarely - urinary incontinence.
Colpitis diagnostics
In order to diagnose colpitis, it is important to first question the patient in great detail about her complaints and collect an anamnesis of the disease, as well as a life history. After that, you can proceed directly to the inspection.
- A gynecological examination is carried out by a doctor using special instruments. In this case, the patient is in the gynecological chair.
- Colposcopy - examination of the vagina and cervix using a diagnostic device (colposcope). When examining, an image is displayed on the screen, magnified 30 times.
- The study of a vaginal smear and culture from the vaginal mucosa - allow you to assess the presence of inflammation and draw a conclusion about the causative agent of the disease.
- A blood test for the presence of specific antibodies against pathogens of genital infections. This study helps in diagnosing colpitis and finding its cause.
With yeast (candidiasis) colpitis, on examination, there is swelling and hyperemia (redness) of the mucous layer of the vagina and cervix. Discharges of white cheesy character are noticeable. When carrying out colposcopy, a diagnostic sign of candidal colpitis is the detection of small-point inclusions on the mucous membrane, resembling semolina. The most informative is the study of smears and sowing of vaginal contents, which make it possible to identify the direct culprit of the disease. Auxiliary methods for diagnosing candidal colpitis are the study of intestinal biocenosis, examination for concomitant genital infections.
Trichomonas colpitis in the acute stage can be suspected during a gynecological examination. The mucous membrane of the vagina is swollen, red, yellow-gray discharge of a foamy character is noted. Colposcopy allows you to see small hemorrhages and erosion of the cervix. Trichomonas itself is easy to detect with microscopy of a vaginal smear. You can use the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) method to diagnose trichomoniasis.
Gonococcal colpitis can be suspected on the basis of anamnestic data and relevant complaints. During a vaginal examination, there is redness and swelling of the mucous membrane, the presence of specific pus-like discharge, which can be both from the vagina and from the urethra. Bacterioscopic and bacteriological methods can detect the pathogen itself.
It is very difficult to diagnose chlamydial colpitis by symptoms alone. Inspection also does not show any specific signs. Therefore, it is important to examine scrapings from the urethra and cervical canal in order to directly identify the pathogen.
Nonspecific colpitis during a gynecological examination is as follows: redness and swelling of the vaginal mucosa and the presence of pathological discharge of a purulent and mucopurulent nature are noteworthy. When touching the mucous membrane, its bleeding is noted. In severe cases, mucosal erosions and ulcers can form. The bacteriological diagnostic method helps to identify the pathogen.
Chronic colpitis with an objective examination looks like this: redness and swelling of the mucous membrane are not very pronounced, they are much less than at the first examination in the acute stage. Vaginal papillary infiltrates (small elevations above the mucosal surface) can be found. Colposcopy is very helpful in the diagnosis, in which even mild inflammatory signs do not go unnoticed.
If atrophic colpitis is suspected, then its symptoms are the main diagnostic criteria. The woman's history, in combination with complaints and physical examination data, makes it possible to make a diagnosis. The bacteriological diagnostic method helps to identify a opportunistic pathogen that has taken the place of normal lactobacilli.
With the disease "colpitis" treatment in women is complex. Such remedies are prescribed for the treatment of colpitis, which not only eliminate the very cause of the disease, but also increase the body's defenses.
It is recommended in most cases to suspend sexual activity during the treatment of colpitis. Sometimes sex is allowed, but only with the use of condoms. It is necessary to find out immediately at the doctor's appointment whether it is necessary to examine and treat a sexual partner.
When treating virgins, local medicines are used that can be used without disturbing the integrity of the hymen.
The criteria for recovery is not only the disappearance of colpitis symptoms, but also the negative results of a microbiological study.
Specific drugs for the treatment of colpitis
Specific remedies for the treatment of colpitis in women are drugs that directly fight the pathogen. In this case, both local and general therapy can be prescribed.
Bacterial inflammation is treated with antibacterial drugs. If colpitis is viral, treatment includes drugs that have antiviral effects. With a fungal infection of the vaginal mucosa, antifungal agents for the treatment of colpitis are necessary. Colpitis caused by protozoa require the appointment of drugs that have a detrimental effect on them.
- Douching with antiseptic solutions (chlorhexidine, betadine, miramistin, etc.) is often used.
- Local use of suppositories, ointments, gels, vaginal tablets that contain drugs that directly fight pathogens (antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antiviral drugs)
- Many drugs have a complex effect, that is, they fight bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Examples of such drugs are Polygynax, Nifuratel, Neo-penotran, Terzhinan, etc.
- If the inflammation is caused by anaerobic or mixed flora, then drugs containing metronidazole, clindamycin, ornidazole, etc. have a good effect.
- Systemic antibiotic therapy in the treatment of colpitis is selected after identification of the pathogen, taking into account its sensitivity to antibiotics.
Treatment of candidal colpitis
If a woman has candidal colpitis, how to treat it? When colpitis is acute, the treatment is local: drugs are prescribed in the form of suppositories, vaginal tablets, creams. All medicines for the treatment of colpitis candidiasis contain an antifungal drug. Examples of such drugs are Diflucan, Gynofort, Pimafucin, Terzhinan and many others. Systemic administration of antifungal drugs is prescribed for chronic or recurrent vaginal candidiasis.
Treatment of Trichomonas colpitis
How to treat Trichomonas colpitis? Both sexual partners are treated at once, even if nothing is found in the second. Specific drugs for the treatment of colpitis of Trichomonas etiology are drugs containing tinidazole, ornidazole, metronidazole. They are taken orally, in pills. In addition, local medicines are prescribed that help in the fight against Trichomonas. As a rule, these are combined antimicrobial drugs.
If a patient has gonococcal colpitis, how to treat it? In the treatment of gonococcal colpitis, the systemic administration of antibiotics of different groups is used, as well as local therapy, which involves the instillation of antiseptic solutions into the urethra and vagina. Treatment is long, often in a hospital.
Chlamydial colpitis treatment
When diagnosing "chlamydial colpitis" how to treat the sick?
In the treatment of chlamydial infection, they are prescribed without fail, most often from the group of macrolides (azithromycin, erythromycin). Antiseptic drugs are prescribed locally.
Treatment of atrophic colpitis.
After identifying the symptoms of atrophic colpitis, the treatment of this condition is selected. The purpose of the treatment is to restore the trophism of the vaginal epithelium and prevent relapse of the disease.
When a diagnosis of atrophic colpitis is established, treatment (selection of drugs) is prescribed by a gynecologist. Long-term treatment. What drugs are used to treat atrophic colpitis? As a rule, this is hormone replacement therapy, which is used both locally and systemically.
Local preparations include suppositories or ointments containing estrogens (Estriol, Ovestin). Systemic drugs include drugs such as Kliogest, Climodien, Tibolone and many others.
Also, with the disease "atrophic colpitis" treatment in women includes the appointment of antimicrobial drugs, which are selected taking into account the selected pathogen.
For some concomitant diseases, a woman is contraindicated to take hormonal drugs (for example, in some malignant tumors or liver diseases). For such patients, after consulting a gynecologist, alternative methods of treating colpitis can be used.
Traditional methods of treating colpitis include baths with decoctions of medicinal herbs, douching with them. Herbs are selected that have anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effects, as well as those that promote the regeneration of damaged tissues. Examples of such herbs are chamomile, St. John's wort, calendula and others.
To increase the protective properties of the vaginal mucosa, sometimes local hormones (estrogens) are prescribed for some colpitis. They come in the form of suppositories and ointments, for example, the drug Estriol-ovestin.
After the causes of the disease have been eliminated at the first stage in the treatment of the colpitis disease, drugs are often prescribed that restore the normal flora of the vagina and its acidity. Such drugs include Vagilak, Bifidumbacterin, Biovestin, Lactobacterin, etc. Multivitamins, antioxidants, and physiotherapeutic treatment are often used.
For the treatment of chronic forms of trichomoniasis, the SolcoTrichovac vaccine has been developed. It helps to normalize the normal flora of the vagina much faster and create long-term immunity from re-infection.
A gonococcal vaccine has also been developed, which is used to treat chronic and recurrent forms of gonorrhea. In addition to this vaccine, drugs that stimulate the immune system are prescribed to treat various forms of gonococcal infection (including colpitis).
Interferon inducers are prescribed as auxiliary treatments for chlamydial infections and some other infections to stimulate their own immunity.
How to treat colpitis during pregnancy?
Colpitis during pregnancy can negatively affect the course of its course. At the first symptoms of colpitis, it is very important to consult a gynecologist, who will make the correct diagnosis and prescribe adequate treatment.
Some medicines are not recommended for use in the first trimester of pregnancy, some are generally contraindicated during pregnancy. That is why you cannot self-medicate. Asymptomatic colpitis also needs to be treated. Their identification occurs during routine gynecological examinations.
To reduce the risk of a negative effect of drugs on the baby, preference is given to local drugs (suppositories, ointments). Of course, with a severe or recurrent course of infection, systemic drugs cannot be dispensed with. The choice is made by the doctor individually, based on the "risk-benefit" ratio.
Colpitis treatment with folk remedies
Alternative treatment of colpitis is very popular among patients. It includes the use of herbal medicine, local cold compresses, warm baths, honey and essential oils. Many folk recipes are not devoid of common sense and can indeed be used in the complex treatment of colpitis. However, you should only do this after consulting your doctor.
Why alternative treatment of colpitis without consulting a doctor can be dangerous?
- Many colpitis occur with similar symptoms, so it is impossible to independently determine which colpitis occurs in a woman. Therefore, the chosen treatment may not have any effect, but, on the contrary, harm.
- It is very difficult to cure specific colpitis only with folk remedies, it is almost impossible. But with their help, you can reduce the severity of inflammatory processes. This will lead to a delay in the process and its chronicity. A woman will not only continue to be ill herself, but will also be able to infect a sexual partner, mistakenly believing that she is already healthy.
- Many folk remedies can cause a serious allergic reaction (such as honey or herbs).
- Some drugs are contraindicated during pregnancy, which a woman may not know about. Therefore, self-medication can have a negative effect on the course of pregnancy.
Colpitis is an inflammatory disease of the vagina, most often of an infectious nature. The name of the disease is derived from the Greek word colpos, in Latin its analogue is vagina. Concerning colpitis is a synonym for vaginitis, in medical practice you can meet with any of these concepts.
The vagina belongs to the lower genital tract and communicates directly with the external environment through its vestibule. The latter opens in the perineum between the labia minora, so it often turns into colpitis. The vagina is a hollow muscular organ whose main function is to receive sperm during intercourse. From the inside, it is lined with multilayer epithelium - it is similar in strength to the epidermis of the skin, but its top layer does not keratinize. In its thickness are numerous glands that produce mucus to lubricate the vagina during intercourse and maintain a comfortable environment for normal microflora. Under the mucous membrane lies a powerful muscle layer built of striated fibers. A woman can voluntarily strain and relax them, and, if desired and necessary, increase their strength by training (Kegel gymnastics). The outermost layer of the vagina is made up of dense connective tissue that separates it from the other pelvic organs.
The structure of the female reproductive system
The vagina is directly connected to the uterus: the narrowest part of the uterus, the cervix, is “built in” into its wall. The junction of the two organs is located at the top of the vagina, and the space behind it is called the fornix of the vagina. Distinguish between anterior, lateral and posterior arch, the latter being the deepest. It accumulates sperm after intercourse and the penetration of sperm into the cervix.
At rest, the walls of the vagina are in a compressed state, and its anterior surface is pressed against the back. The mucous membrane forms multiple folds. This structure allows the organ to stretch significantly during intercourse and childbirth. The vaginal epithelium has a close relationship with sex hormones and the composition of its cells changes depending on the stage of the cycle. Inside them there is a supply of carbohydrates in the form of grains of glycogen, which serve as a nutrient substrate for the normal microflora of the vagina - lactobacilli or lactic acid sticks. Microorganisms break down glycogen and synthesize lactic acid, therefore, an acidic environment is normally maintained in the vagina, which has a detrimental effect on pathogenic and opportunistic microflora. In addition, lactobacilli produce hydrogen peroxide and substances with antibiotic-like activity. Any bacteria that accidentally enter the vagina from the external environment, rectum or from the partner's penis die after a while and are removed.
The amount of glycogen grains in cells directly depends on the concentration of estrogen (female sex hormone) in the blood. In the early days of the cycle, estrogen levels are minimal, so the vaginal pH shifts from acidic to normal. During this period, a woman is most vulnerable to contracting STIs, since the internal environment of the vagina becomes less aggressive for pathogens.
The maximum release of estrogen into the blood occurs during ovulation - on average, after 14 days from the beginning of the cycle (count from the 1st day of menstruation). The acidity of the vagina at this time is maximum - the pH reaches values \u200b\u200bof 4-5, which is destructive for most representatives of pathogenic microflora. The risk of contracting STIs during this period is significantly reduced, so sex with a sick partner does not always lead to the transmission of the pathogen.
vaginal pH level at different stages of a woman's life
The vagina has the ability to cleanse itself - the cells of its epithelium are constantly exfoliated and excreted together with mucus into the external environment. Strengthening this process for any reason leads to the formation of leucorrhoea - mucous discharge - in a noticeable amount. In the thickness of the mucous membrane, immune cells migrate, capable of binding and neutralizing foreign bacteria that enter it. They also secrete a protective IgA protein (immunoglobulin A) on its surface, which destroys microbial bodies. Therefore, in healthy women, vaginitis is an extremely rare phenomenon; only aggressive STI pathogens can cause it. Also the likelihood of its occurrence is increased by provoking factors:
All of these reasons negatively affect the state of the immune system, and therefore there is a general and local decrease in defense mechanisms. Pathogens of STIs and nonspecific microflora are able to multiply on the surface of the mucous membrane and penetrate deep into it.
Classification
There are several different criteria by which the division of the existing forms of the disease into groups comes.
Depending on the cause of vaginitis, there are:
The duration of the flow is distinguished:
- Acute - symptoms persist for no more than 2 weeks;
- Subacuted - up to 2 months;
- Chronic (recurrent) - over 2 months.
By the nature of the lesion of the mucous membrane, colpitis can be:
- Diffuse - the entire inner surface of the vagina is edematous, hyperemic, granular mucosa, no plaque;
- Serous-purulent - the mucous membrane is unevenly thickened, inflamed, some areas are covered with a bloom in the form of a white-gray film. The plaque is removed with difficulty, leaves a bleeding ulcer underneath.
Along the way of penetration of infection, there are:
- Primary vaginitis - the pathogen enters from the outside immediately into the vagina;
- Secondary - microorganisms penetrate with the flow of blood or lymph from foci of infection of another localization.
Symptoms
The clinical picture directly depends on the cause that led to the development of the disease.
Bacterial
Bacterial colpitis is otherwise called "nonspecific", as it is caused by opportunistic bacteria that normally live on the skin and in some human cavities. They are able to show their aggression only in case of a decrease in immune defense or injury to the vaginal mucosa. Symptoms appear suddenly, it is often possible to trace the connection of the disease with the previous sexual intercourse. A woman experiences in the vagina, a feeling of fullness, heat in the small pelvis. become profuse, purulent, mucopurulent, in them streaks of blood can be observed during the erosive process on the mucous membrane. Their smell varies from weak to pronounced putrefactive, they can be liquid, foamy. A large admixture of pus and desquamated epithelium gives the discharge a dull white or yellow color, their consistency becomes thick.
Acute vaginitis is often complicated. The inflammation easily spreads to the overlying parts of the genital tract, and the flowing discharge irritates the vulva, causing excruciating itching. A woman combs her external genitalia, which aggravates the disease: she additionally injures tissues and brings in new portions of opportunistic microflora. Vaginal pain can be moderate and severe, sex life becomes impossible during acute inflammation.
The general condition rarely suffers, in some cases there is a moderate rise in temperature (up to 38 degrees C). Pathogenic microflora, when it enters the lymphatic vessels, leads to an increase in the inguinal lymph nodes, sometimes they become inflamed. In the latter case, in the region of the inguinal ligament, on one or both sides, there are spherical formations of a densely elastic consistency up to 1.5-2 cm in diameter, sensitive to palpation, mobile. As the symptoms of bacterial vaginitis subside, their size normalizes.
Candidal
The causative agent of the disease is the yeast Candida, which belongs to conditionally pathogenic microflora and normally inhabits the skin, cavities, mucous membranes of a person. The microorganism enters the vagina from the rectum or from infected objects. The sexual transmission of candida is not important because men rarely carry enough fungus to become infected.
The disease begins acutely: burning, dryness, severe itching in the vagina appear. Often, symptoms of colpitis develop before or during menstruation, after intense intercourse, taking antibiotics. A few days later appear cheesy discharge from the genital tract, they are white and have a sour smell. Such a characteristic symptom gave another name to candidal colpitis - thrush. Although, some forms of the disease proceed without such discharge, limited to excruciating itching in the vulva, intense pain and burning sensation in the vagina. A similar course of the disease is explained by the secretion of organic acids by the Candida cells as waste products. They irritate the sensitive nerves that are abundantly supplied with the lower third of the vagina. Constant scratching of the skin of the perineum and vulva leads to its thinning, replacement by connective tissue and loss of elasticity. Colpitis manifestations intensify in the evening, especially after walking or physical activity. Often, an allergic component is added to the listed symptoms in the form of elements red rash on the skin of the vulva and perineum.
Candidal colpitis easily becomes a chronic form and a carrier even against the background of treatment with antifungal drugs, especially if a woman has diabetes mellitus or treatment with immunosuppressive drugs (cytostatics, glucocorticoids). In this case, it periodically recurs or appears constantly, calming down only during antifungal therapy.
The general condition of the woman does not suffer, the body temperature remains normal. Severe itching can disturb sleep and daily activities, but symptoms of intoxication - headache, loss of appetite, general weakness are not observed. The inguinal lymph nodes do not respond or slightly increase in size.
Trichomonas
Trichomonas colpitis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. It is caused by Trichomonadavaginalis, which lives in the urethra of infected men. Out-of-sex infection is extremely rare and is mainly associated with the passage of the child through the birth canal of a mother with trichomoniasis. Trichomonas is a mobile microorganism, therefore it easily penetrates from the vagina into the overlying genital tract, causing cervicitis, endometritis and into the urinary tract with the development of cystitis. The causative agent reduces the activity of sperm in both male and female genital organs, therefore in the case of an asymptomatic course of infection, the main complaint of patients is infertility.
The incubation period of trichomoniasis lasts from 5 to 15 days, at which time the pathogen is introduced into the mucous membrane and multiplies intensively. Acute Trichomonas colpitis is manifested by severe itching, burning sensation in the vagina, liquid foamy secretions with an unpleasant odor. Symptoms of urinary tract damage often join -, painful, frequent urine output in small portions, aching pain in the suprapubic region. The mucous membrane of the vagina is swollen and painful, therefore, sexual activity during this period is impossible. Itching in some cases is so pronounced that it interferes with night sleep, the woman combs the vulva and perineum until it bleeds. The reaction of the inguinal lymph nodes is absent or moderate, the general condition is not disturbed.
Without proper treatment, trichomoniasis becomes subacute and then chronic. It can proceed without symptoms for a long time, exacerbating during infectious diseases, pregnancy, and a decrease in the general immune defense. During remission, most women have leucorrhoea and mild itching of the vulva.
Atrophic
Atrophic colpitis develops against the background of a lack of female hormones - estrogens
Atrophic colpitis develops with a lack of female sex hormones - estrogens. It is preceded by menopause, surgery to remove one or both ovaries, ovarian hypofunction. In epithelial cells that are sensitive to hormonal levels, the number of glycogen grains, which serve as a nutrient substrate for lactophilic bacteria, decreases. As a result, the number of lactic acid sticks decreases, and the pH of the vagina shifts to the neutral side. Colonization of the mucous membrane with nonspecific opportunistic microflora occurs, which maintains chronic inflammation in it. Along with the described processes, the activity of the growth layer of the mucous membrane decreases, as a result of which it becomes thinner, loses its elasticity and becomes brittle.
Colpitis symptoms develop gradually, starting with a slight dryness in the vagina, burning during intercourse, and insufficient lubrication. Scanty mucous membranes or milky white leucorrhoea, slight itching of the vulva. Over time, the symptoms of the disease increase, sexual activity becomes impossible due to unpleasant sensations. Colpitis is chronic with a persistent course, not always amenable to therapy. The general condition of the woman is not disturbed, the body temperature remains normal, the inguinal lymph nodes do not react.
Video: atrophic vaginitis, “Living healthy”
Colpitis during pregnancy
During the period of bearing a child, the hormonal background of a woman undergoes serious changes: the amount of estrogen decreases, and the concentration of progesterone increases. The corpus luteum hormone reduces the activity of the immune system in order to prevent its conflict with fetal proteins and prevent miscarriage. Therefore, in most pregnant women, frequent episodes of respiratory infections, exacerbation of chronic inflammatory foci and the addition of vulvitis and vulvovaginitis can be traced. A certain role in the defeat of the lower genital tract is also played by the relative lack of estrogen: the amount of glycogen in the epithelial cells decreases, the microflora instead of lactophilic becomes mixed.
Most often, colpitis during pregnancy is of a fungal nature, and it proceeds quite hard: with a large amount of discharge, pronounced edema of the vaginal walls, excruciating itching and bursting pain in the perineum. Failure to observe personal hygiene leads to nonspecific vaginitis, in this case purulent discharge from the genital tract with an unpleasant odor. It is easy to become infected with Trichomonas, as well as other sexually transmitted infections, therefore, during pregnancy, it is worth paying significant attention to barrier contraception.
in colpitis during pregnancy, it is worth using barrier contraception
From the vagina, the pathogen easily penetrates through the cervix into the uterine cavity and can lead to:
- Intrauterine infection of the fetus with a delay in its development, pneumonia, lesions of the skin and mucous membranes;
- Threat of termination of pregnancy and miscarriage;
- Inflammation of the placenta and fetoplacental insufficiency;
- Genital tract tears during childbirth;
- Sepsis.
Diagnostics
The diagnosis is established by the gynecologist during the collection of complaints, the study of the patient's history, examination and according to the results of additional research methods. Different types of vaginitis have a set of characteristic signs by which one can judge the cause of the disease.
Bacterial (non-specific)
Complaints of unpleasant discharge of a purulent character, often mixed with blood, prevail. Examination in the mirrors during the acute stage is difficult: because of the pain, the woman strains the muscles of the perineum and vagina, which prevents the introduction of the instrument. Visually, the mucous membrane is bright red, edematous, purulent overlays, punctate hemorrhages, gray-white films are observed on its surface. Its surface can be grainy due to the towering swollen papillae. Often the cervix is \u200b\u200binvolved, the vagina is filled with inflammatory contents that are released to the outside.
The main method for diagnosing vaginitis is smear microscopy
Microscopy plays the main role in the diagnosis of nonspecific vaginitis. The method allows you to study the species composition of the vaginal microflora, detect pathogenic microorganisms and estimate their number. With vaginitis, there are a large number of staphylococci, streptococci, gram-negative bacilli, dead immune cells - leukocytes, desquamated epithelium in the discharge. Lactobacilli are few, non-specific microflora predominates.
Bacterial smear culture is rarely performed due to its low information content. Basically, it is used to quantify various types of microorganisms, their sensitivity to antibacterial drugs. A complete blood count becomes inflammatory only during the acute stage - the number of leukocytes increases, the number of young leukocytes increases, and ESR accelerates.
Candidal
Fungal colpitis is often associated with antibiotic treatment, diabetes mellitus, and a history of pregnancy. With the same frequency, women complain of severe itching and characteristic discharge from the genital tract, usually these symptoms appear together. The introduction of a speculum into the vagina causes a moderate pain reaction. On examination, edematous hyperemic mucosa is visible, covered with a curdled bloom in the form of irregularly shaped islands of 3-5 mm in size, which do not merge with each other. In the acute stage, the plaque is removed with difficulty, leaves a bleeding surface underneath; when the disease turns into a chronic form, it is not difficult to remove it. The clinical picture is so characteristic that laboratory confirmation is usually not required. Difficulties arise with a prolonged course of the disease, a lubricated clinic, and the absence of secretions.
When examining a smear under a microscope, rounded candida bodies are visible, connected to each other in chains. Plaque areas consist of candida pseudomycelium, desquamated epithelial cells and dead leukocytes. smear is carried out to clarify the nature of colpitis, since the method allows you to assess the ratio of normal microflora, opportunistic bacteria and fungi. Along the way, the sensitivity of the pathogen to antifungal drugs is determined. In cases of severe disease with frequent relapses, a blood test for antibodies to candida is performed - they are found in a high titer. Changes in the general blood count are absent or nonspecific - the number of eosinophils increases with an allergic reaction to a fungus, ESR is accelerated.
Trichomonas
Trichomonas colpitis in a woman can be suspected if her sexual partner has chronic urethritis or after unprotected casual sex. The characteristic foamy appearance of the discharge, the involvement in the pathological process of the urinary tract, cervix, Bartholl's glands and vulva also speaks in favor of Trichomonas infection.
When viewed in the mirrors, the vaginal mucosa is evenly hyperemic, edematous, with prominent punctate hemorrhages. Additionally, a smear culture is performed, the material of which is taken from the urinary tract, vagina and vulva. Microscopy of a native smear reveals mobile microbial bodies in the secretions, equipped with flagella or a membrane.
Changes in the general blood count appear during the acute stage - the number of leukocytes, immature forms of neutrophils increases, and ESR increases. Antibodies to Trichomonas are found in the blood.
Atrophic
Diagnosis of atrophic colpitis is not difficult, in contrast to its treatment. The history clearly shows the connection between ovarian hypofunction or their removal and the gradual development of the disease. On examination, other signs of a lack of estrogen are revealed: a decrease in skin elasticity, its increased fat content, increased hair loss on the head and their excessive growth on the body. Examination in the mirrors causes unpleasant burning sensations, the vaginal mucosa is hyperemic, thinned, and multiple hemorrhages are often found on its surface. Allocations are absent or scarce. The doctor takes a smear from the vagina and from the cervix for cytology - the study of the cellular composition to exclude malignant degeneration of the epithelium. Pathogenic microflora, as a rule, is not detected either by microscopy or by bacterial culture. The number of lactobacilli is reduced, the proportion of opportunistic microflora increases.
CBCs remain normal. To clarify the nature of the lesion, the concentration of estrogen in the blood and its ratio with progesterone are determined.
Treatment
Colpitis treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis, only women with severe purulent inflammation and pregnant women with a threat of miscarriage are hospitalized. The doctor selects management tactics and medications taking into account the main cause of the disease, concomitant pathology and the patient's condition.
In an acute period of inflammation, a woman is shown sexual rest, a hypoallergenic diet with the exception of spices, smoked meats, pickles, citrus fruits, chocolate. Avoid hypothermia, overheating, refrain from visiting steam rooms, saunas, swimming pools, do not take a bath. During menstruation, hygiene tampons should not be used, and the pads are changed at least once every 4 hours. If the cause of colpitis is an STI agent, the male partner should undergo antibiotic therapy even if he does not have symptoms of the disease.
With bacterial vaginitis, the goal of treatment is to sanitize the vagina and then normalize its microflora. To do this, appoint
To consolidate the positive effect, a course of multivitamins is prescribed after the main course of treatment.
It is important to treat fungal vaginitis in full at the acute stage and to prevent its transition to a protracted course. For this purpose, appoint:
- Systemic antifungal drugs - fluconazole capsules 150 mg orally once;
- Local antimycotics in the form of suppositories, tablets, ointments - pimafucin, nystatin, nitazol. Suppositories Terzhinan have antifungal, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, they are prescribed for severe symptoms of inflammation;
- Antihistamines to eliminate itching - tavegil, suprastin, zodak;
- Immunomodulators to normalize the immune response - thymalin.
With Trichomonas colpitis, drugs are effective:
- Systemic antibiotics - metronidazole, fasizin;
- Local treatment with antibacterial suppositories - Klion D;
- Washing and sitz baths with antiseptics - potassium permanganate solution, chamomile decoction, calendula.
Treatment control is performed within 2-3 menstrual cycles. The absence of Trichomonas in smears taken after menstruation during this time indicates a complete cure of the woman.
With atrophic colpitis, the doctor selects hormone replacement therapy in the form of estrogen-progestin drugs for oral administration (femoston) and topically (divigel). If necessary, the vaginal microflora is corrected with preparations of lactic acid bacteria (vagilak, acilak).
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it is preferable to treat colpitis during pregnancy with local drugs that are safe for the child - geksikon, terzhinan, nystatin. The need for other drugs is determined by an obstetrician-gynecologist, assessing the severity of inflammation and the microflora of the vagina.
Video: doctor about colpitis (vaginitis)
Is an inflammation of the vaginal mucosa with possible seizure of the vulva, which is infectious or non-infectious in nature. In medicine, you can find a term that means the same disease and is synonymous.Pathology is widespread in gynecological practice. This diagnosis is made at least once by 60% of women of childbearing age (from 18 to 45 years). But the disease does not pass by the girls, although they often suffer from vulvovaginitis.
The peak incidence among children occurs at the age of 6 years, and the cause is illiterate intimate hygiene. Colpitis also affects women who have entered the postmenopausal period, which is most often associated with the natural aging processes of the body.
The disease can be of both specific and non-specific origin, which is due to etiological reasons. Specific colpitis provoke gonococci, Trichomonas, candida and viruses. A non-specific inflammatory process is caused by E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, streptococcus and staphylococcus.
Can colpitis pass by itself?
Considering colpitis a non-serious disease, many women believe that the disease can go away on its own. Cases of cure, of course, do occur, but this happens extremely rarely and only on condition that the disease is nonspecific, and the body's immune defenses are not weakened.
Most often, the following situation is observed: a woman who has not used any treatment, after a few days, discovers that the symptoms that bother her have disappeared. But this does not mean that the inflammatory process has been neutralized, it just passed into a sluggish form. Under the influence of certain provoking factors, colpitis reactivates after some time. Therefore, you should not expect that the disease will go away on its own. If you find signs of the disease, you need to go to the doctor, find out the cause of colpitis and start treatment.
Can colpitis have a temperature?
The widespread belief that any infectious disease should be accompanied in relation to colpitis is wrong. But this does not mean that the disease is safe and unable to harm the female body.
High temperature during the inflammatory process in the vagina is most often absent, even if the disease is in the acute stage. Rarely, the values \u200b\u200bon the thermometer can rise, but only to subfebrile values, that is, in the range from 37 to 38 ° C.
Colpitis symptoms in women
Among the symptoms of inflammation of the vaginal mucosa, the following are most common:
Allocations, the nature of which will depend on the etiology of the disease and the severity of the pathological process. In any case, their volume will increase compared to the period when the woman was absolutely healthy. Leucorrhoea can be foamy, watery, cheesy, sometimes purulent. With atrophic colpitis, bloody clots are observed in them;
Unpleasant odor - mostly mild, but sour;
Puffiness in the external genital area, their redness and irritation;
Itching and burning sensation, which begins to increase during prolonged walking, as well as during night rest and in the afternoon;
Insomnia, increased irritability, neuroses caused by a complex of symptoms of the disease that constantly disturb a woman;
Recurrent pain localized in the small pelvis. They can increase during the act of defecation or in the process of intimacy;
Frequent urge to urinate, in rare cases, urinary incontinence is observed;
An increase in body temperature to subfebrile values.
The acute phase of the disease is accompanied by an increase in symptoms, which, depending on the cause of colpitis, will differ slightly. When the inflammatory process becomes chronic, the symptoms become mild. But the most stable symptom that gives a woman anxiety is, which does not stop even against the background of abundant discharge.
Causes of colpitis in women
Various reasons can cause the development of the inflammatory process at different ages:
In childhood, the disease develops mainly against the background of opportunistic microflora from the gastrointestinal tract entering the vagina. Even pinworms become provocateurs;
In the reproductive age, women often have specific colpitis of an infectious nature. Trichomonas type of the disease, which is sexually transmitted, predominates. Somewhat less common is candidal colpitis, the cause of which is, mainly, hormonal disruption when carrying a child;
In women after menopause, nonspecific colpitis is most often observed, which is caused by staphylococci and streptococci. However, candidiasis, atrophic, and other types of colpitis can be diagnosed. But they usually develop in the presence of additional risk factors.
So, at any age, the causes of the development of the disease are either their own conditionally pathogenic microflora, or infectious microorganisms belonging to the group of fungi, viruses or bacteria.
The types of colpitis are distinguished depending on what caused the inflammation of the mucous membrane. Each type of disease has certain clinical manifestations and differences that require specific treatment.
The most common are the following types:
Colpitis. Inflammation is caused by the multiplication of fungi, which, as a result of provoking factors, exhibit pathological activity. Among the most striking clinical symptoms are cheesy discharge and itching. Infection can occur both through sexual contact and as a result of a weakened immune system. It is treated with antimycotic drugs in combination with local therapy;
Atrophic colpitis. This inflammation is caused by a decrease in the production of estrogen in the body. The woman experiences burning and dryness in the genital area, pain during intimacy. Treatment is based on hormone replacement therapy.
Risk factors for developing colpitis
If certain microorganisms become the causes of the development of the disease, then there are risk factors that can help them either penetrate the vaginal mucosa, or begin to actively multiply.
Among these triggers are:
Insufficient or improper intimate hygiene;
Lack of a regular partner, refusal to use barrier contraception, that is, from condoms;
Endocrine system pathologies:,;
Genital trauma of mechanical, chemical and thermal origin. These can be ruptures during delivery, prolonged use of an intrauterine device, rough intercourse, etc.;
Wearing low-quality underwear made from low-grade synthetic materials;
Children's diseases, the causative agents of which by the hemolytic route reach the girl's genitals. Among these are scarlet fever and measles;
Hormonal changes in a woman's body. Among them are pregnancy, breastfeeding, menopause;
Taking certain medicines, most often antibiotics. However, both hormone-containing drugs and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can cause inflammation;
Undergoing radiation or chemotherapy for;
Hypoestrogenism, that is, insufficient production of estrogen in a woman's body;
Lack of vitamins, strict diets;
Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as diseases of an allergic nature;
The lack of timely medical treatment for any type of colpitis threatens with serious complications for women's health.
Among the possible adverse consequences, the following are especially dangerous:
The acute form of the disease can transform into a chronic sluggish disease. A chronic inflammatory process in the vagina is not only difficult to medicate, but also reduces the quality of life of a woman with frequent relapses;
The spread of pathogenesis to the upper parts of the genitourinary system. Among the diseases of this sphere, colpitis can cause and;
Education, (inflammation of the inner layer of the uterus), (inflammation of the cervical canal), salpingo-oophoritis (inflammation of the fallopian tubes and ovaries);
All specific colpitis, not diagnosed and untreated in time, can ultimately lead to or serious difficulties with conceiving and bearing a child. Often, chronic colpitis are the causes of ectopic pregnancy;
The formation of synechia in girls, which is expressed in the fusion of both the small and large labia with each other;
The appearance on the vaginal walls of bleeding erosive areas, which become the gateway for various infections;
The risk of developing complications of an infectious nature after gynecological examinations and surgery.
The faster the diagnosis and treatment is carried out, the lower the risk of complications.
Treatment of the disease should be carried out by a professional. Independent therapy of colpitis with improvised means is unacceptable. Before choosing a particular remedy, the doctor will carry out certain diagnostic measures and studies that will determine the cause of the inflammation. In accordance with the results obtained, a treatment regimen will be developed. In addition, the choice of therapy will be influenced by the form and type of the disease, the age of the patient and her health status.
The disease requires an integrated approach, and first of all it is etiotropic treatment. That is, the effect should be exerted on the direct causative agent of inflammation of the vaginal mucosa. The doctor's arsenal includes antibacterial, hormonal, antimycotic and antiviral agents. Sometimes a combination therapy is required, which involves a combination of several types of drugs.
Most often used for the treatment of colpitis:
Ketoconazole cream. The course of treatment is up to 5 days;
Nystatin in the form of vaginal suppositories. You will need to be treated for at least two weeks;
Diflucan in tablet form. It is taken once;
Metronidazole in the form of tablets or vaginal suppositories, it is necessary to be treated for at least 10 days;
Ampicillin in the form of tablets, the course is a week;
Cephalexin capsules, you need to take one week.
Local treatment consists of the use of various disinfectants and antiseptics. A woman is prescribed vaginal suppositories, for example, Betadine or Iodoxide, as well as douching and washing with boric acid solutions, potassium permanganate, soda. Such treatment must be carried out for at least 14 days.
In addition to local and etiological treatment, therapy for concomitant diseases is necessary. If the provoking factor is not eliminated, then the disease will recur again and again. So, it may be necessary to correct the hormonal background in senile colpitis, diabetes mellitus therapy, weight loss, and elimination of the pathology of the endocrine glands. Ovestin, Estrokad are used as hormone replacement agents. In the presence of diabetes mellitus, constant monitoring of blood glucose levels is necessary, in obesity - control of body weight. If the inflammatory process in childhood is caused by scarlet fever or measles, then antibiotic therapy of the infection is necessary.
In the case when doctors manage to eliminate the provoking factor, then the prognosis for a complete recovery from colpitis is favorable.
In addition, until the moment of healing, you need to adhere to certain recommendations, including:
Refusal to have sex at the time of therapy. Confirmation of elimination of inflammation should be laboratory, since the disappearance of symptoms is not an indicator of recovery;
If necessary, a therapeutic course must be completed not only for a woman, but also for a man. Since a specific form of the disease can be asymptomatic in the sex partner, there is a high risk of re-infection after the resumption of sexual activity;
Carrying out hygiene procedures at least twice a day using antiseptic agents;
If a girl has undergone an inflammatory process, then parents need to carefully monitor her hygiene. It is necessary to wash the child after each act of defecation and urination. Laundry should be washed using quality detergents and ironed. It is important to ensure that the child does not suffer from itching and does not scratch intimate parts. These activities will avoid re-infection;
A diet should be followed during therapy. It boils down to eliminating salty and spicy foods. It is important to include fermented milk drinks in the diet;
Some drugs involve a complete cessation of alcohol, for example, Metronidazole. But even if there are no such contraindications, you should still exclude alcoholic beverages during treatment.
After completing the full course of therapy, a woman needs to restore the normal microflora of the vagina by reproducing the natural biocenosis in the mucous membrane.
For this purpose, a variety of drugs are used, in particular:
Bifidumbacterin;
Lactobacterin.
The treatment of colpitis in pregnant women deserves special attention. After all, it is they who turn out to be the most vulnerable category of patients, since not only their natural immunity is impaired, but also serious hormonal changes occur. Therefore, even nonspecific colpitis during this period threatens to be complicated by a bacterial infection. The tactics of treatment in this case can also be determined only by a doctor, but the selection of therapeutic agents is complicated by the position of the woman.
Nevertheless, it is impossible not to treat the disease, since the inflammatory process has a negative effect not only on the patient herself, but also poses a threat to the child in the womb. He is at risk of infection during delivery.
Most often, a pregnant woman is recommended to undergo antibiotic therapy, maintain immunity with the help of immunomodulators and attend physiotherapy procedures. Of the antibiotics, gynecologists give preference to Vagotil, Pimafucin, Terzhinan. However, they should be prescribed with extreme caution and under special control. In addition, the priority remains local treatment, which is the safest for the unborn child.
Prevention of colpitis is no less important, since it helps to eliminate risk factors for the development of the inflammatory process and is often interspersed with therapeutic effects.
Therefore, it is important to take the following preventive measures:
Visit your local gynecologist regularly, at least once a year. Modern doctors recommend coming for preventive examinations every six months. This will make it possible to timely identify pathological processes in the genitals and immediately begin treatment. If the signs of the disease began to appear during pregnancy, then you should not wait for the next date of a visit to the doctor, it is better to immediately go to the antenatal clinic and report your problem;
It is necessary to carefully monitor intimate hygiene, which boils down to washing with high-quality hypoallergenic disinfectants. Particular attention should be paid to the possibility of introducing intestinal microflora into the vagina. This is often due to improper use of toilet paper. It is important that the wiping motion is from front to back. In addition, you need to monitor the regular change of underwear. It itself should be made of natural fabrics, since synthetics create a humid and warm environment favorable for the growth of bacteria;
Any medications should only be prescribed by a doctor. This is especially true for the use of antibacterial agents, which are often taken uncontrollably;
It is necessary to go to the doctor when the first signs of colpitis appear. This is due to the fact that in the early stages of the development of the inflammatory process, it is eliminated much easier and faster. Such a measure will not allow the disease to become chronic and cause the development of serious complications for women's health;
Do not forget about strengthening the body's defenses. Maintaining normal immunity will make it possible not only to prevent the development of the disease, but also to get rid of it faster. To do this, you need to give up bad habits, adhere to proper nutrition, do not forget about regular walks and physical education.
The last measure in regards to getting rid of the disease is to undergo physical therapy. It can significantly improve the condition in the chronic form of colpitis. Among all methods, electrophoresis with zinc, ultraviolet irradiation using a short wave and a half-bath with an oxidizing agent - potassium permanganate are especially popular.
Using a decoction of chamomile is the easiest way to deal with colpitis. Symptoms such as a feeling of dryness, swelling and burning are relieved with the help of baths after two or three procedures. This is due to the pronounced anti-inflammatory properties of medicinal chamomile flowers, which can be purchased at any pharmacy. Chamomile essential oil, except ...
