The quality of the future harvest depends on how timely the garden was treated against diseases and pests in the spring. The awakening of nature is a crucial stage in the care of fruit-bearing trees and shrubs. Pests not eradicated in time can cause damage for years to come. Spring, especially early spring, is the most favorable period for spraying the garden.
Preparing for spring processing
With the establishment of heat, pests wake up along with the plants, so the task is to get rid of them before the young leaves are harmed. It is necessary to destroy the larvae before the ovaries appear, so as not to harm future fruits, as well as the insects that pollinate them. Spring processing is a good prevention of diseases of trees and shrubs for the whole.
The processing of a summer cottage is a set of measures that requires careful adherence to deadlines. Until the snow melts, it is necessary to walk around the garden and remove the remnants of last year's vegetation - a source of infections. Prune dry, broken, frozen branches in winter. Early spring is favorable for tree crown formation. Places of cuts must be painted over or processed garden pitch.
Stages of processing a garden plot
Garden protection is carried out in several stages, each has its own characteristics and strict time frames:
- early spring;
- before budding;
- before and after flowering;
- the appearance of ovaries.
Early spring
The first event after the snow melts is whitewashing or painting the tree trunks. Of course, this should be done in the fall in order to protect the bark from rodents and cracking during the winter. But in any case, in the spring, it is necessary to renew the color in order to burn out the pests that hibernate in the bark and to disinfect the trees. In addition, the whitewash effectively protects the trunks from sunburn.
Before staining, they are cleaned of dried bark, exfoliated during the winter, fungal formations, growths. It's better to do it metal brush or with a plastic trowel, without being too zealous to avoid damaging the wood. After removing all excess, treat the exposed areas with paint or garden varnish. It is useful to pre-disinfect with copper sulfate, prepared in a proportion of 10 g per 1 liter of water, or a weak solution of potassium permanganate. After cleaning, you can start painting.
Whitewashing of trunks
Dissolve 2 kg of dry lime in 10 liters (bucket) of water, add 300 g of copper sulfate. The resulting liquid is ready for use after thorough mixing. The advantage of this method of processing is good disinfecting properties (due to copper sulfate), ease of preparation and use. Disadvantage: the layer of whitewash applied to the trunk due to weather conditions does not adhere well.
Coloration
Use acrylic paints, they contain fungicides that can protect trees from many diseases. The method is easy to use and provides reliable protection. Disadvantage: high price (compared to lime).
With both methods, the trunk and the base of the lower branches are painted. The processing period is after the snow cover has melted and the topsoil has dried out.
Spraying with diesel fuel
Adherents of folk methods of pest control in the spring spray trees, shrubs with diesel fuel. It creates an oil layer under which the larvae suffocate for several hours. The method is exotic, but quite effective.
Before bud break
During this period, soil bugs, ticks, and various caterpillars hatch. At the same time, it is necessary to treat trees from scab, black cancer, anthracnose, moniliosis. It is necessary to fight against pests and diseases with the help of insecticides: "Aktara", "Lannat", "Calypso", "Avant". When using them, you should carefully read the instructions and take the necessary safety measures.
Many people use a budgetary tool - copper sulfate... It is necessary to dilute 100 g in 10 liters of water.
Tobacco processing
Opponents of chemistry use solution natural ingredientssuch as tobacco. For 3 liters of hot water (about 70 ° C), add 200 g of tobacco, 100 g each of garlic, onion peel, needles, orange peels... The resulting mixture should stand for a week. Before use, dissolve the volume in 10 liters of water, adding 100 g of finely chopped tar soap. The repeated procedure for spraying the tobacco mixture is carried out after 10-12 days.
Do not forget about the general "hygiene" of the garden - cut branches, dry foliage, the remains of last year's vegetation must be collected and burned. Pests hibernated there.
Protecting the garden before and after flowering
Still unblown buds fruit trees must be protected from caterpillars, scab and spotting. In the best way is spraying with karbofos of 10% concentration, diluted at the rate of 70 g per 10 liters of warm water. Work should be done before the buds open. Spraying is not recommended during flowering.
Colloidal sulfur
During the flowering period, ticks awaken. If the anti-mite treatment is not carried out before the buds bloom, they will cause significant harm to the garden. A solution of colloidal sulfur helps well: 80 g of a paste of 70% concentration is dissolved in 10 liters of water, 100 g of laundry soap must be added. You can use insecticidal preparations "Decis" or "Fitokol".
Processing when the first ovaries appear
It is carried out with the aim of preventing fruit diseases and destroying the remaining pests. It should be carried out carefully, trying to prevent drug overdose. For spraying plants that have entered the vegetative period, use the "Bordeaux mixture".
But it is better to refrain from chemicals because of the risk of poisoning the already forming fruits with them. You can prepare a natural solution:
- Garlic tincture: 200 g of chopped cloves are diluted in 0.5 liters of water. Withstand for a week. The resulting tincture is mixed with water at the rate of 50 g per bucket of water.
- Mustard tincture. It is used during the growing season, is safe means... They are used to control pests such as caterpillars, apple moths, sawflies. Dissolve 100 g of mustard powder in 10 liters of water, leave for two days. One part is diluted in two parts of water before use.
- Wormwood tincture. An effective agent for the fight against caterpillars, aphids, copperheads, and other insects. One kilogram of dry wormwood is boiled for 15 minutes in 5 liters of water. Add about 1 kg of chicken droppings to the cooled mixture, pre-infused in 3 liters of water for at least a day. Diluted in a bucket of water.
- Dandelion tincture besides effective protection helps to "utilize" the weed that appears during this period on garden plot... 200 g of coltsfoot (together with rhizomes) is poured with 10 liters of warm water, let it brew for 2 hours. Only fresh infusion is suitable for processing.
Rules for processing fruit trees
There is no strict technology, but there is a basis that should be followed:
- Processing is carried out from the crown towards the trunk.
- After spraying the branches, it is necessary to carefully process the tree itself and the soil under it.
The time of the manipulation is early morning and evening, after sunset. It is not recommended to do this during the daytime - the solution dries quickly in the sun, without having time to be absorbed. To spray the garden, you need to choose a dry, windless day.
Planting fruit-bearing trees and shrubs is only the first stage of their cultivation. For getting good harvest need to provide plants proper care. Mandatory procedure for fruit crops it is spring spraying, which prevents the development of diseases and ensures the control of insects.
Protecting the garden from pests in spring
Whitewashing trunks, digging soil around bushes / trees, spraying plants with chemicals are three important procedureswhich includes spring processing garden from pests and diseases. With the help of the first, the bark is disinfected, which is often a source of pests and diseases. Digging tillage helps control pests that live in the ground. This procedure is carried out shortly before spraying the garden. protective equipment... For spring processing, different compositions are used, including gentle organic liquids.
Before bud break
To treat the garden from diseases, pests is in stages. Spraying should start in early spring, at the beginning of March, when there are still no buds on the trees. It is important to special attention to give to such garden crops as raspberries, currants, gooseberries. It is necessary to clean the plants from dried branches, fruits, cut the crown of the trees and remove the old bark. Cut branches, other parts of shrubs should be burned.
Treatment of the garden in the spring from diseases and pests is carried out after this preparatory period. Any effective drugs: copper or iron vitriol, urea, carbamide, diesel fuel, Bordeaux mixture, etc. Early spring spraying of fruit trees in spring helps to get rid of apple blossom beetle, weevils, sawflies, ticks, and some types of fungal diseases.
Processing trees after flowering
When the flowering of fruit crops is completed, it is time to begin the next spring treatment of the garden from pests and diseases. Last procedure spraying is carried out when the trees / bushes have shed all the petals, and ovaries appear in place of the flowers. It is necessary to spray the plants during this period in order to protect them from putrefactive diseases and to help develop immunity against spots and fungi.
It is advisable that the processing of the garden after flowering ends with a thorough examination of each fruit crop for the presence of pests. Sometimes even several procedures do not bring the expected result, but the plantings are still exposed negative impact aphids or other midges. If you find insects, kill them, however, most insecticides are not allowed during the pouring period. It is better in this case to treat the plants with urea.
How to spray fruit trees in spring
Spring treatment of fruit trees from pests involves the use of chemical, organic or combined compositions. Each type has its own pros and cons:
- So, the chemicals are very effective and easy to use, but their effect ends in 1-2 weeks after spraying.
- Organic substances are as safe as possible for the garden and people, but they are not universal, since they only help in the fight against some insects and diseases.
- Combined remedies are considered the most effective for spring garden treatment from pests and diseases.
Nitrofen
Copper sulfate treatment
As a rule, spring treatment of the garden from pests and diseases involves spraying trees / bushes with copper sulfate. This liquid is suitable for combating powdery mildew, scab, spotting, rot. Copper sulfate can be used year-round, under different weather conditions. To achieve maximum efficiency, an equal part of slaked lime is added to the composition (the mixture is 1: 1). As a result, gardeners have Bordeaux liquid that is even more effective against insects.
Spraying with urea
This procedure avoids many diseases - moniliosis, scab, coccomycosis and putrefaction. Urea is capable of destroying pupae and eggs of various insect pests. The tool acts as a fertilizer, saturating the plantings with nitrogen, thereby activating the vegetation process. Urea is a mixture of ash and soap solution... Prepare a product by diluting a kilogram in a 10-liter bucket of water wood ash... After the liquid is boiled, filtered and allowed to brew for a short time. Before use, 20 g of green soap and 30 g of urea are added to the product.
When to spray trees from pests in spring
Many summer residents intuitively choose the time to water the plants with insecticides, but they do it too early or delay the process. Meanwhile, spraying must be carried out strictly on time, otherwise you will not destroy the pests or together with them eliminate the insects that pollinate the gardens. The result of this approach will be the absence of an ovary. Experienced gardeners it is advised to process fruiting trees / bushes in the spring season several times, using different compositions. Below is a table showing the time frames suitable for processing funds.
| Period |
Spring is the beginning of gardening work for. Not only nature awakens, but also various insects - pests that interfere with the growth and bearing of fruit trees and shrubs. In order for pests to summer cottage was as little as possible, it is important not to waste time, and to carry out the processing of plants on time. How to process trees and bushes in the spring in the garden from pests? The answer to this question will help you preserve not only the plant, but also its fruits.
How to treat trees and bushes in the spring in the garden from pests?
Processing trees and shrubs - what to use?
With the onset of warmth and with the melting of snow, you can start the spring inspection of fruit trees and shrubs, with the aim of their further processing. First of all, it is necessary to cut off excess diseased branches and twigs, to clear the trunk of dead bark and lichen present on it. The cleaned areas should be treated with garden varnish or other special means.
- Whitewashing of plants... Usually, a solution of slaked lime is used for whitewashing, which is applied in two layers to enhance the effect. Currently, products for whitewashing trees and shrubs, containing copper sulfate and PVA glue, have appeared on the market. This composition is more stable than mortar, and protects against pests and disinfects the bark.
- Digging soil... 3-4 days before spraying trees, you need to dig up the soil around them, in order to remove pests to the surface, where they will be destroyed.
- Spraying... It is possible to start spraying all trees and shrubs from the end of March. Processing is best done in the evening.
Various preparations are used to treat trees and shrubs. Of the chemicals, the following types are most often used.
- Even before the buds swell (preferably at the end of March), all trees and bushes on the site should be sprayed with a solution of copper sulfate (100 grams are taken per bucket of water). This will help avoid fungal diseases, the formation of mosses and lichens, black cancer, scab. Bordeaux fluid also helps. These are the most popular and proven remedies.
- To protect grapes from spotted necrosis, anthracnose and bacterial cancer, it must be treated with an aqueous solution of ferrous sulfate (200 grams of product per bucket of water), spraying the vine and the soil under the plant. It is necessary to carry out the procedure before the swelling of the kidneys, in the period until mid-April.
- Pears and apple trees must be treated before flowering with Iskra-M, Fufanon, Karbofos. They are able to prevent the appearance of ticks, weevils, flower beetles, and copperheads. If the pests have already settled on the plants, then the treatment must be carried out twice. The second time is after flowering.
But often, summer residents are used to process horticultural crops, and folk methods... For example, to get rid of spider mite use an infusion of onion peels. Against caterpillars and aphids - infusion of garlic. Divorced in hot water laundry soap and ash, help to cope with aphids, honeydew, powdery mildew.
In order to process trees and shrubs with high quality, they usually use hand pump or a sprayer, holding it at a distance of 80 - 100 centimeters from the plants during the procedure. From this distance, the solution will fall on the leaves and branches in the form of small drops. When spraying, for self-protection against pesticides, a respirator (or gauze bandage), glasses, a hat and gloves should be used. Spraying trees is done from top to bottom, first the upper branches, and then the lower ones. After the branches, the trunk and the area under the tree are processed.
So, now you know how to process trees and bushes spring in the garden from pests? But it must be remembered that processing should be done only with a newly prepared preparation.
See also the video:
Spraying trees and shrubs in spring
Spring gardening
Stages of processing fruit trees from pests and insects
Chemical spraying is considered the most effective preventive measure, and is carried out in several stages:
- The first stage - after the snow melts, before budding (early spring spraying). Usually it is the end of March, with temperatures above 5 degrees Celsius.
During this period, tree trunks are carefully inspected for the presence of insect clutches, old and exfoliated bark is removed, after which they are treated with lime-containing agents. In early spring the method of treatment with diesel fuel is used - after spraying, it creates an oily film, under which pupae and eggs of insects die within a few hours.
It is also necessary to carry out preventive treatment with insecticides (Aktara, Alatar) with the addition of fungicides (Agrolekar, Broneks, Bordeaux mixture).
- The second - from mid-April, after the opening of the first leaves (green cone phase).
Before flowering, it is necessary to complete the second stage of processing from the moth. Organophosphorus agents are used, such as: Azamtiophos, Glyphosphate. As well as biological active ingredients Bacillus subtilis: strain 26 D, M-22 VIZR, IPM 215.
- The third - after the end of flowering at the end of May.
During the flowering period from pests, processing is not performed, but it is possible to protect the color from diseases and ticks that come out of hibernation immediately after its completion. Copper sulfate and "Preparation 30 B" should be used. Biological pesticides are also suitable: Abamectin, Spinosad, Aversectin S.
- The last treatment takes place in the fall, after the leaves have fallen, to reduce the number of pests that have settled for the winter.
During this period, spraying with substances of general action from pests and diseases is carried out so that they do not have time to hide for the winter. Use Carambid, Vitriol and Fufafon.
For old, but still fruiting plants, additional strengthening feeding is carried out in July, for better formation and further ripening of fruits.
The most effective garden treatments
- Fufafon - protects trees from apple, plum sawfly, cherry weevil, kidney mite;
- Carbamide (urea) - from aphids, honeydew, caterpillars, apple flower beetle, leafworm caterpillars. 50 gr. urea is diluted in 10 liters of water and sprayed into the garden after flowering. After entering the soil, urea additionally fertilizes it;
- Copper sulfate (copper sulfate) protects against curliness, coccomycosis, moniliosis, black cancer, scab, phylosticosis, fruit rot. 100 g vitriol is diluted in 10 liters of water. Consumption from 2 to 5 liters. solution per tree, depending on size, per bush - up to 1.5 liters. Prophylactically disinfect plant roots from bacterial and fungal infections, lowering them in a ready-made 3% solution for 3 minutes. Copper sulfate is a toxic substance; it is strictly forbidden to pour the remains into water bodies;
- Iron vitriol destroys moss, lichen, septosporosis, cytosporosis, powdery mildew, gray rot. Additionally, it makes up for the lack of iron in fruit trees. Due to the high acidity, ferrous sulfate can burn the leaves, so a 3% solution is used before blooming, and in the fall after the leaves fall. The rest of the time, 1% will do;
- "Preparation 30 V" - eliminates scale insects, aphids, moths, whiteflies, red and brown fruit mites. The drug creates a film on the bark and disrupts the metabolism in eggs and insect larvae, leading to their death. 200 gr. diluted in 10 liters of water and sprayed before bud break and after the foliage has fallen, taking a break once every 2 years;
- Bordeaux mixture protects against curliness, monoliosis and scab. 150 gr. copper sulfate is bred in warm water, 200 gr. lime is quenched in a metal dish. Then, a solution of copper sulfate, stirring, is poured into the lime solution.
Springtime is the beginning of worries for summer residents and gardeners. How much must be done to get a rich harvest of vegetables and fruits! It is during this period that the bulk of the work related to the preparation of soil, trees, shrubs and other plants falls. In spring, nature wakes up, and with it, numerous insects... Spring treatment of the garden from diseases and pests plays a very important role. Therefore, you need to know how to properly carry it out in order to achieve a good harvest.
Comprehensive care
Spring treatment of the garden from diseases and pests includes three important points. Firstly, it is the whitewashing of tree trunks. This helps to disinfect the bark, which can be a source of disease and pests. Gardeners use for this It is applied in two layers. Modern preparations that are intended for processing the bark contain chalk, PVA glue and copper sulfate. Second important point is the cultivation of the soil near shrubs and trees. This is a simple digging of earth with a shovel.
Trees or bushes are dug around, and all pests are at the top. This procedure is carried out several days before the trees are treated with chemicals. This is the third stage of comprehensive care. Spring processing of the garden from pests and diseases is carried out by any suitable means. It is better to choose gentle but effective drugs.
Three stages
Processing and spraying the garden from pests and diseases takes place in three stages. The first procedure is carried out very early (beginning or mid-March), when the buds on the trees have not yet blossomed. In this case, special attention should be paid to such shrubs as raspberries, gooseberries and currants. We clean the plantings from old and dried branches and fruits. We prune the crown of trees and remove the old bark on the trunks.
All old branches must be removed from the garden or burned. After that, spring treatment of the garden from pests and diseases is carried out with any effective preparations. The second time this procedure is carried out before flowering. Thus, you can get rid of weevils, apple blossom beetle, sawflies and some fungal diseases. After flowering ends, the third spring treatment of the garden is carried out from diseases and pests.
A little about pests
Any gardener needs to know what pests are that damage plantings and reduce yields. Only in this case can you notice the changes in time and get rid of uninvited guests... The main pests are numerous weevils. These include beetles and geese. All of them have a long proboscis, which is disturbed by unopened buds - they dry up and die. These pests affect fruit trees, which leads to a decrease in yield.
Shrubs are more susceptible to attack by small insects: aphids, caterpillars, spider mites and currant moths. The damage done by them may not be immediately noticed. The garden sawfly attacks the plant during the flowering period. The insect lays its eggs in the ovary of the flower, and the larvae gnaw it out. In this case, the fruits are not formed and disappear. One of the most dangerous pests is an apple mite. These insects infect trees in whole colonies. The kidneys are the site of attack. They do not develop and disappear. That is why it is important to treat trees from pests in the spring, to the opening of the buds and flowering.
Diseases of trees and shrubs
In addition to pests, diseases are a great danger to shrubs and trees. The most common of these is scab, which mainly affects apple and pear trees. It is caused by a fungus. Scab symptoms appear on leaves and fruits as small light green spots. Then they are covered with a velvety bloom of brownish-olive color. U amazes upper part leaves, and a pear has a lower one. The disease causes the leaves to dry out and fall off. The fruits change their shape, and in the places of the lesions they become hard. The scab fungus hibernates on fallen, dried leaves and young shoots. In the spring, the spores become active and infect the lower crown.
Spring treatment of the garden from diseases and pests will help protect plants. Gray rot usually affects cherries and plums. Its signs appear immediately after the flowering trees. The twigs dry up, and the flowers become dark, but do not fall off. On fruits under the influence of the disease appears dark spotthat gradually covers the entire fruit. The fungus hibernates in branches, shoots, and affected fruits. The disease develops in spring in damp conditions. Early spring protection a garden from diseases and pests will help cope with these problems.
Processing tools
Any gardener should always have tools at hand that will facilitate his work. Some of the tools are essential. Spring gardening against diseases and pests is a simple procedure that requires certain adaptations. They can be purchased at specialized stores. Spring gardening will be easier with them. What to use for work? Special pumps or sprayers are best suited for this.
They allow high-quality processing with minimum consumption the drug, which should fall in small drops on each leaf, twig and fruit. Such devices allow you to reach even the most distant branches. To do this, you need to choose a hose of a suitable length. Sprayers operate on the principle of irrigation. Therefore, the spray should be kept at a distance from the object (approximately 70 centimeters).
Safety
Treatment of trees from pests in the spring should be carried out taking into account all safety measures. All insecticides are dangerous to humans and animals. For processing, you must choose clear, and most importantly, calm weather. Be sure to use a respirator or at least a gauze bandage. The presence of glasses is also a prerequisite, because getting the drug in the eyes can lead to very sad consequences. A protective cap should be put on your head, since the probability of getting small drops from above is very high.
Well, rubber gloves will become reliable protection hands. Armed with these tools, you can not worry about your health. When choosing a drug, it is better to give preference to less dangerous, but more effective. Do not forget about beneficial insectsthat can be harmed by spraying trees and shrubs.
Processing rules
Processing and spraying the garden from pests and diseases has its own rules. Compliance with them increases the efficiency of the procedure and reduces the risk of the process. First is correct application drug. It must be sprayed evenly over the entire surface of the plants. Modern devices designed for this make it easy to do. The main thing is not to miss a single section. Secondly, the leaves must be processed on each side. Some pests are located precisely on inside sheet. Thoroughly rinse all equipment and clean protective equipment after each spraying. Immediately after contact with toxic substances, you should thoroughly rinse your hands, wash your face and rinse your mouth.
Plant protection products
There are three types of products that are used for the most common - these are chemicals. They are produced by specialized companies and have factory packaging. They are very easy to apply. Chemicals easily and quickly dissolve in water. Their validity period depends on several factors and ranges from several days to a month. Typically, these drugs affect a specific type of pest or disease. The second group is combined funds. These are very effective drugs that help get rid of several diseases or pests at one time. The third type is biological agents. They do not apply to chemicals... Their action is based on the activity of bacteria and microorganisms.
The use of drugs
In the first spraying, which is carried out before bud break, insecticides with copper and iron vitriol... Also, the treatment with Bordeaux liquid gives an excellent effect. It will help get rid of the flower beetle, scab, spot and destroy all insect larvae. Before flowering, preparations with copper, anabasine, malofos and DDT powder are used. They destroy weevils, ticks, many fungal diseases and increase the immunity of the plant. After flowering, during the third treatment, you can give preference to the combined preparations. This will be an excellent prevention of the formation of wood rot.
Bordeaux liquid
The cheapest and effective remedy is a Bordeaux liquid. But what to cook it, you need to know some subtleties. To get such a wonderful remedy, you need to take 300 grams of copper sulfate, which is sold in hardware and specialized stores, and 500 grams of slaked lime. Copper sulfate must be dissolved in hot water (3 liters). The liquid temperature should be within 50-60 degrees. It is undesirable to use metal dishes for this. When the liquid has cooled, it must be filtered. Dissolve lime separately and filter it as well.
Then we pour the lime solution into a larger dish and pour copper sulfate into it in a thin stream. During the whole process, do not forget to constantly stir the solution. It should be smooth and flake-free. Then we bring the total volume of the drug to 10 liters. If, when dipping a nail into the solution, a copper deposit forms on it, then the volume of lime should be increased. Filter the finished mixture again. The Bordeaux liquid is ready. But remember one rule: pour copper sulfate into lime, and not vice versa.
Preparations and their purpose
The most popular remedies are Bordeaux liquid and copper sulfate, which are diluted in a ratio of 100 grams per 10 liters of water. The preparation "Neoron" is very effective against ticks and larvae of pests, and trapping belts, which include glue, are used to destroy weevils. Here you can highlight “ Clean house"," Alt "and" Vo-got stuck ". Inta-vir, Fastak, Kinmiks and Decis help in the fight against leafworm, copperheads, aphids, apple blossom beetle and moths. Against scab and some fungal diseases, you can use the drug "Nitrafen", "Chlorofos", "Tanrek", "Raek" and a solution of urea (5%). For processing apples, pears, cherries, plums, apricots, peaches, currants and grapes, "Horus", "Skor", "Delan", "HOM" and Bordeaux liquid are suitable. They will help to cope with curly leaves, rust, spotting, moniliosis, coccomycosis, gnawing and sucking pests.
The ideal time to spray is when the buds are already swollen but not open. Spring processing is carried out early in the morning or at least before lunch. This will protect the plants from spraying should start from the top of the tree. Remember to work the trunk and the ground around the bush or tree. It is necessary to dilute the drugs before their direct use. Use all the liquid without leaving it to next time... Do not forget about safety, then spring treatment of the garden from pests will be effective and harmless. Advice is never superfluous, so it is worth listening to them.