Family: pink (lat.Rosaceae).
Homeland
It is believed that the birthplace of cherry is the Transcaucasus and Asia Minor, presumably Persia.
The form: tree or shrub.
Description
Cherry - graceful plant height from 2 to 6 m, depending on the shape (bush or tree). The cherry root goes deep - up to 2 meters - into the ground. Root system consists of skeletal (vertical) and fibrous (horizontal) roots. Depending on the life phase of the tree and the degree of soil irrigation, roots of one type or another develop predominantly. Cherry bark is gray-brown. The cherry trunk is slender. Cherry produces three types of shoots: growth, fruit (flowering) and mixed. Cherry leaves are petiolate, elliptical in shape with a pointed end and serrated edges. The cherry blossom is white or pink in color, the flowers are collected in inflorescences. Cherry fruit is a juicy drupe with one round pit inside.
More than 150 types of cherries are known. Only some types of cherries are grown in Russia.
Cherry Bessey, or american cherry (C. besseyi). Homeland - North America. Height up to 1.5 m. The form of the plant is bushy. The bush is highly branched, the shape of the bush is irregular. Shoots glabrous, reddish. Leaves up to 5 cm long, dark green above, light green below, pinkish in autumn. The umbrella-shaped inflorescence consists of 2-6 flowers. Duration of flowering up to 20 days. The color of the fruit is from dark red to purple-black, the taste is bitter, astringent. Fruiting begins in the ninth year of the plant's life.
Warty cherry (C. vernicosa). In its natural environment, it grows in the mountains of Tajikistan, Tien Shan, Altai, Pamir. Height up to 1 m. The form of the plant is bushy. The bush is highly branched. The branches are straight. Cherry leaves up to 2 cm long, leaf shape is broadly oval. The umbrella-shaped inflorescence consists of 2-8 flowers. Duration of flowering up to 11 days. The color of the fruit is dark red, the taste is sweet and sour.
, or chinese cherry (C. tomentosa). Homeland - China. Height up to 3.5 m. The form of the plant is bushy. Felt cherry has a broad-ovate bush shape. Young shoots are thin, tomentose-pubescent. Leaves up to 5 cm long, tomentose-pubescent below, very wrinkled above, grayish-green in color. In autumn they change color to reddish or yellowish. Flowers with a very short pedicel seem to cover the branches. Flower diameter up to 2.5 cm. Duration of flowering up to 10 days. The color of the fruits is pale pink or bright red, the fruits seem to stick around the branches, the taste is sweet and sour. Chinese cherry is a very fast-growing plant. Fruiting begins in the fourth year of the plant's life.
(C. glandulosa). In its natural environment, it grows in the Far East, China, Korea. Height up to 1.5 m. The form of the plant is bushy. The ferruginous cherry bush has a hip shape. Shoots are long, thin, unstable, bend to the ground, smooth, reddish or brown color with a bluish bloom. Cherry leaves are light green, yellow-red in autumn. Flowers are single or in an inflorescence of 2 flowers. Duration of flowering up to 8 days. Fruit color is bright red. Fruiting begins in the fifth year of the plant's life.
Sour cherry (C. austera). Natural hybrid, closely related to common cherry. Distributed in the temperate zone. Height from 1.5 to 10 m. The form of the plant is tree-like. The taste of the fruit is sour.
(C. kurilensis). In its natural environment, it grows in the Far East, in Japan. Height up to 2 m. The form of the plant is bushy. Umbellate inflorescence. Abundant flowering, begins before the appearance of leaves, flowering duration up to 6 days. The taste of the fruit is bitter. Fruiting begins in the tenth year of the plant's life.
(C. maximowiczii). In its natural environment, it grows in the Far East, Japan, Korea, Northeast China. Height up to 15 m. The form of the plant is tree-like. The shape of the crown is round. The color of the leaves is very decorative: in spring it is light purple or bronze, in summer it is green, in autumn it is orange. The umbrella-shaped inflorescence consists of 5-7 flowers. Duration of flowering up to 6 days. Fruit color is red-black. The fruits are inedible. Fruiting begins in the tenth year of the plant's life.
Cherry finely sawed, or sakura, or cherry decorative (C. serrulata). Homeland - Japan. Height up to 10 m. This cherry is a tree. The branches are directed upwards. Abundant flowering. Terry flowers. Duration of flowering up to 7 days. Fruit color is black.
Almond cherry (C. amigdalifolia). Dwarf species. Height up to 3 m. The form of the plant is bushy. The bush is highly branched. The shape of the bush is cushion-shaped. The cherry berry is dark red.
, or garden cherry (C. vulgaris). Natural hybrid, widespread in culture in the temperate zone. Height from 1.5 to 6 m. The form of the plant is tree-like. Leaves up to 8 cm long, smooth, dark green and light green in color. The umbrella-shaped inflorescence consists of 2-4 flowers. Duration of flowering up to 20 days. Cherry fruits with a diameter of about 1.5 cm, light red color, sweet and sour taste. This kind gives the best varieties cherries for central Russia.
Sand cherry, or sand cherry, or dwarf cherry (C. pumila). Homeland - North America. Height up to 1.5 m. The form of the plant is bushy. Shoots are thin, glabrous, reddish color. The young plant has upright shoots, the old one is open. Leaves up to 5 cm long, leathery, the color is dark green above, grayish-white below, in autumn the leaf color changes to orange-red. The umbrella-shaped inflorescence consists of 2-3 flowers. This cherry blossoms for up to 23 days. The color of the fruit is purple-black.
, or wild cherry (C. avium). Not in culture, it is common in the Caucasus, in the Crimea, in the mountains of Central and Southern Europe, in Asia Minor and Iran. Height up to 35 m. Bird cherry is a tree. The branches are directed upwards, forming an ovoid crown. Leaves up to 16 cm long, pubescent along the bottom of the leaf, the color is dark green. Umbellate inflorescence consists of 3-5 flowers. Duration of flowering up to 14 days. The color of the fruit is from light yellow to dark red, the taste is bitter. Fruiting begins in the ninth year of the plant's life.
Sakhalin cherry (C. sachalinensis). In its natural environment, it grows on Sakhalin and Kuril Islands... Height up to 25 m. This cherry is a tree. Cherry bark is brown. Leaves up to 13 cm long. The color of the leaves is very decorative: in spring it is purple or bronze, in summer it is green, in autumn it is yellow or dark red. Early flowering, simultaneously with the appearance of leaves, very abundant. Duration of flowering up to 9 days. Honey plant.
Gray cherry (C. incana). Homeland - Turkey, Transcaucasia. Height up to 1.5 m. The form of the plant is bushy. The color of the branches is brown, the cherry shoot is gray. Leaves up to 3.5 cm long, white-tomentose-pubescent below. Cuttings of leaves are shortly pubescent. Cherry blossoms last up to 15 days. The cherry berry is pink-red. Fruiting begins in the fifth year of the plant's life.
, or shrub cherry (C. fruticosa). Grows in culture in a temperate zone. Height up to 0.5 to 2 m. The form of the plant is bushy. numerous. Steppe cherry has a spherical or irregular shape bush. The diameter of the bush is up to 80 cm. The shoots are long, thin, unstable. Leaves up to 4 cm long, smooth, dark green and light green in color, fall off in autumn. An umbrella-shaped cherry inflorescence consists of 2-4 flowers. Duration of flowering up to 12 days. The color of the fruit is from yellow to dark red, the taste is sweet-sour or sour, tart. Fruiting begins in the fifth year of the plant's life. This type gives the best cherry varieties for the Ural regions.
Tien Shan cherry (C. tianschanica). In its natural environment, it grows in the mountainous regions of Central Asia. Height up to 1.5 m. This cherry is a shrub. The bush is highly branched, the shape of the bush is round. The young plant has shoots of a yellowish-gray color, the old one has a brown-gray color. Leaves up to 2.5 cm long. Umbrella-shaped inflorescence consists of 4-6 flowers. Duration of flowering up to 11 days. Fruit color is dark red.
Hill cherry (C. collina). Natural hybrid, widespread in culture in the temperate zone. The form of the plant is shrubby. Drooping shoots. The color of the fruit is black-red, the taste is sweet and sour.
(C. japonica). In its natural environment, it is widely distributed in Japan and China. Height up to 1.5 m. The form of the plant is bushy. The bush is highly branched. Shoots are thin, flexible. Leaves up to 7 cm long. Flowers are single or in an inflorescence of 2 flowers. Duration of flowering up to 21 days. The cherry berry is bright red. Fruiting begins in the fourth year of the plant's life.
Growing conditions
Growing cherries requires rich, light, loose soil. Cherry is thermophilic, does not tolerate cold drafts. In the garden, cherries grow best in windproof places. If the site is located on a slope, it is best to plant cherries at the top of the slope.
Otherwise, different types of cherries need different conditions cultivation.
Besseya's cherry is winter-hardy, frost-hardy, drought-resistant, photophilous. American cherry is very undemanding to soils, grows well even on sandy, saline, rocky soils.
Warty cherry is winter-hardy, undemanding to soils, grows well on alkaline soils.
Felt cherry, winter-hardy, frost-hardy. Photophilous, drought-resistant. It grows well in windy places. Felt cherry needs light, well-fertilized, non-acidic soils, without stagnant water. The Chinese cherry does not like flat areas.
Ferruginous cherry is not frost-resistant, not winter-hardy. Photophilous. Needs fertile soil.
Cherry Maksimovich is winter hardy. Very shade-tolerant. It is undemanding to the composition of the soil, but grows better on fertile, not waterlogged soils.
Almond cherry grows well even on very poor, rocky soils. Frost resistant.
Common cherry is shade-tolerant, frost-hardy, drought-resistant. Loves calcareous soils and soils rich in humus.
Sand cherry is very winter-hardy. Photophilous, frost-resistant, drought-resistant. It is very undemanding to soil, grows well even on poor sandy soils.
Bird cherry is shade-tolerant, frost-resistant. Needs moist, fertile soil.
Cherry-sakura is very thermophilic. IN middle lane Russian finely sawed cherry is not hardy.
Sakhalin cherry frost-resistant. Shade tolerant. Grows well on slightly podzolic or soddy soils.
Winter-hardy gray cherry in the middle zone of Russia. Photophilous. It is very undemanding to soil, grows well on dry rocky slopes.
Steppe cherry is one of the most winter-hardy types of cherry (up to -50C). Has increased drought tolerance. Photophilous. Undemanding to soil, grows well on poor, stony soils.
Cherry Tien Shan hardy in the middle zone of Russia. Photophilous, very drought-resistant. Grows well on poor, rocky, sandy soils.
Japanese cherry is very thermophilic; in central Russia it winters with shelter.
Application
Cherries in the garden look very decorative, so in landscape design cherries are quite widespread. In small group plantings, almost all types and varieties of cherries look great. In single plantings, bird cherry, sakura cherry, Maksimovich cherry, felt cherry, ferruginous cherry, Sakhalin cherry and Japanese cherry are very effective. Bessey cherry, ordinary cherry, Tien Shan cherry are most suitable for creation. To improve the decorative effect of the hedge, they combine early varieties cherries with late.
Some types of cherries are great: Bessey cherry, steppe cherry, wart cherry, almond cherry, sand cherry, Tien Shan cherry, gray cherry. Dwarf cherry species from this group will decorate rocky slides.
Cherry woody forms can be planted in tubs.
As a fruit tree, cherry is grown almost all over the world.
Moreover, cherry is widely used in cooking (cherry fruit), folk medicine (cherry buds), cosmetology (cherry fruits), when creating furniture and interior items.
Care
Cherry cultivation involves a number of regular procedures.
The soil under the cherry is carefully weeded out, as this plant does not tolerate almost any competition for water. It is best to keep the soil loose, and dig a little every autumn (no deeper than 8 cm at the trunk and 20 cm around the periphery of the crown). Cherries respond well to mulching.
Cherries in the garden need systematic watering without waterlogging. Trees are abundantly watered (40-60 liters per 1 m² of area around the tree) after flowering, during the pouring of fruits and in early autumn. In hot summer, cherries are watered twice a month.
Cherry care also consists of infrequent but regular plant feeding. Every spring (preferably after the end of flowering) cherries require mineral feeding, every three years cherries need to be added organic fertilizers (in the fall). Felt cherry requires some special attention. Caring for it also consists in adding lime to the soil (every five years).
The main procedure that the cherry in the garden needs is this. Annually in early spring formative pruning of cherries is done, and then only sanitary. Correct pruning of cherries allows you to achieve an almost ideal shape of the crown or bush of the plant, excellent decorative qualities, and a good harvest.
Cherry transplant is not necessary procedure to care for cherries in the garden.
Reproduction
Self-cultivation of cherries is not very laborious. However, the best cherry breeding occurs in nurseries where cherry seedlings can be taken.
Cherry propagation is carried out using root shoots, cuttings, grafts, as well as seeds. Root shoots and cherry cuttings are planted in early spring, before bud break. Since cherries do not like competition for water, it is best to plant cherry trees at a distance of 2.5-3 m from each other. Cherries are grafted before budding. Cherry seeds are sown in early autumn, and next fall cherry seedlings are planted in the ground.
Since the types and varieties of cherries are divided into self-fruitless, partially self-fruitless and self-fertile varieties of cherries, cherry seedlings must be planted to obtain a harvest in group plantings different types and varieties.
Diseases and pests
Cherries in the garden are susceptible to a number of diseases. Diseases of cherry: fungal infections (coccomycosis, cylindrosporosis, or white rust, clasterosporium, or perforated spot, fruit rot) and viral diseases (necrotic and chlorotic ring spots). Only felt cherry is resistant to coccomycosis. Diseases of cherries are treated by spraying, cutting off dry and diseased branches, burning falling leaves.
Cherry pests: cherry fly, cherry sawfly, stone wasp, cherry weevil, black cherry leaf aphid, scale insect, moth, cherry shoot moth.
Popular varieties and shapes
Varieties and forms of felt cherries
'Summer' - winter-hardy variety... The bush is compact. Larger-fruited than other felt cherry varieties.
‘Spark’ - medium-sized cherry variety, height up to 2 m. The shape of the crown is round. Long-lasting grade.
‘Dark brown woman’ - undersized variety, bush height up to 1.2 m. Crown shape broadly spreading. The color of the fruit is maroon. Winter-hardy variety.
Varieties and forms of finely sawed cherries
‘Amanogava’ - cherry variety with white-pink flowers.
‘Accolade’ - cherry sakura with bright pink flowers.
'Kiku-shidare-zakura' - finely sawed cherry with pink flowers and a weeping crown shape.
Varieties and forms of ordinary cherries
'Aucubaefolia' - the form of ordinary cherry with leaves of a spotted yellow-green color.
'Aureo-variegata' - the form of ordinary cherry with leaves of yellow and white variegated color.
'Persicifolia' - the form of ordinary cherry with light or bright pink flowers.
‘Plena’ - the form of ordinary cherry with white semi-double flowers.
'Rhexii' - undersized form of ordinary cherry with large white double flowers.
'Semperflorens' - low-growing form of ordinary cherry, characterized by an increased flowering period - up to 3 months.
'Umbraculifera' - undersized cherry with a compact spherical crown.
'Salicifolia' - the shape of a common cherry with leaves up to 13 cm long.
'Alpha' - new variety... Height up to 4 m. Fruit color is dark red. The ‘Alpha’ variety has a high yield.
‘Biryusinka’ - a new variety. The shape of the crown is spreading. Cherry ‘Biryusinka’ is a very winter-hardy variety with increased productivity.
'Victoria' - a medium-sized cherry variety with a rounded, raised crown. The color of the flowers is white. Fruit color is dark red. The Victoria cherry has a high yield and high resistance to coccomycosis.
‘Vladimirskaya’ - an old variety, widespread in Russia. The height of the bush is up to 5 m, the shape of the crown is round. The color of the flowers is white. Fruit color is dark red. The 'Vladimirskaya' cherry produces very high quality cherry fruits.
‘Zagoryevskaya’ - undersized cherry variety. Fruit color is dark red. Cherry ‘Zagorievskaya’ is a self-fertile cherry with a high yield and average winter hardiness.
‘Lyubskaya’ - a variety widespread in central Russia. Height up to 2.5 m. The shape of the crown is wide spreading. The cherry blossom is white. Fruit color is dark red. Cherry ‘Lyubskaya’ is a variety with medium frost resistance.
'Hope' - tall variety, height up to 6 m, crown shape broad-pyramidal or round. The color of the flowers is white. Fruit color is dark red. The 'Nadezhda' cherry has a high yield and is resistant to cherry diseases.
‘Novella’ - medium-sized variety, height up to 3 m, round crown shape. The cherry blossom is white. Fruit color is almost black. Cherry 'Novella' is a high-yielding variety, resistant to coccomycosis and moniliosis.
‘Podbelsky’ - medium-sized variety with a rounded crown. The color of the flowers is white. Fruit color is dark red. Cherry ‘Podbelskaya’ is a variety with low frost resistance, high resistance to fungal diseases.
‘Stable’ - medium-sized variety, height up to 3 m, crown shape rounded-oval. The color of the flowers is white. Fruit color is dark red. The 'Resistant' cherry has a high yield.
'Troitskaya' - medium-sized variety, height up to 3 m. The shape of the crown is oval-pyramidal. The color of the flowers is white. Fruit color is dark red. Cherry ‘Troitskaya’ is fruitful and durable.
‘Turgenevka’ - medium-sized cherry variety, height up to 3 m, crown shape is reverse pyramidal. The color of the flowers is white. Fruit color is dark red. Cherry 'Turgenevka' is a very productive, winter-hardy cherry.
‘Uralskaya Ryabinovaya’ - undersized bush cherry. The height of the bush is up to 1.8 m. The shape of the crown is wide-round. The color of the flowers is white. Fruit color is dark red. Cherry ‘Uralskaya’ is a winter-hardy variety with late flowering, cherry yield is increased.
‘Kharitonovskaya’ - a medium-sized variety with a spherical crown. The flowers are large, the flowers are white. Fruit color is dark red. Cherry ‘Kharitonovskaya’ has increased resistance to coccomycosis.
‘Black large’ - medium-sized variety, height up to 4 m, wide-pyramidal crown shape. The color of the flowers is white. Fruit color is almost black. Cherry ‘Black’ is a fast-growing variety with large fruits.
‘Blackcork’ - a medium-sized variety, widespread mainly in Ukraine. The shape of the crown is flat-round. The color of the fruit is maroon. Cherry ‘Chernokorka’ has a relatively high winter hardiness.
‘Chocolate Girl’ - medium-sized variety, height up to 2.5 m, crown shape is reverse pyramidal. The color of the flowers is white. Fruit color is almost black. Cherry ‘Shokoladnitsa’ is a winter-hardy, fruitful, self-fertile variety.
‘Spunk’ - variety with a wide spreading crown. Height up to 3 m. Fruit color is light red. Cherry ‘Spanka’ medium-hardy variety.
‘Shubinka’ - a variety with a wide-pyromidal crown. Fruit color is dark red. Cherry ‘Shubinka’ has high winter hardiness.
Varieties and forms of bird cherry
'Salicifolia' - bird cherry shape with narrow leaves.
'Nana' - dwarf form of bird cherry.
‘Plena’ - bird cherry shape with white semi-double flowers.
'Asplenifolia' - bird cherry shape with carved leaves.
'Variegata' - bird cherry shape with spotted white-yellow-green leaves.
‘Pyramidalis’ - the shape of a bird cherry with a pyramidal crown.
‘Pendula’ - the shape of a bird cherry with drooping branches.
‘North’ - a variety of poultry cherries with light yellow fruits. Cherry ‘Severnaya’ is a winter-hardy, fruitful, self-fertile variety.
‘Dessert’ - tall variety. The shape of the crown is pyramidal. The color of the flowers is white. Fruit color is dark red. Cherry 'Dessert' has high winter hardiness.
Varieties and forms of steppe cherry
Our grandmothers, growing garden strawberries, or strawberries, as we used to call them, were not particularly worried about mulching. But today this agricultural practice has become fundamental in achieving high quality berries and reducing crop losses. Someone might say that this is troublesome. But practice shows that labor costs in this case are repaid a hundredfold. In this article, we invite you to get acquainted with the nine best materials for mulching garden strawberries.
Mint was used by the Egyptians as early as 1.5 thousand years BC. It has a strong aroma due to the high content of various essential oils with high volatility. Today mint is used in medicine, perfumery, cosmetology, winemaking, cooking, ornamental gardening, and the confectionery industry. In this article, we will consider the most interesting varieties of mint, and also talk about the features of growing this plant in the open field.
Looking at the variety of tomato varieties, it is difficult not to get confused - the choice is very wide today. Even experienced gardeners are sometimes confused by it! However, it is not so difficult to understand the basics of selecting varieties "for yourself". The main thing is to understand the peculiarities of culture and start experimenting. One of the easiest tomato groups to grow are varieties and hybrids with limited growth. They have always been appreciated by those gardeners who do not have a lot of energy and time to care for the beds.
Once very popular under the name of indoor nettles, and then forgotten by everyone, Coleus today are one of the brightest garden and indoor plants. They are not in vain considered stars of the first magnitude for those who are looking primarily for non-standard colors. Easy to grow, but not so undemanding to suit everyone, Coleus require constant monitoring. But if you take care of them, the bushes of velvety unique leaves will easily outshine any competitor.
Salmon ridge baked in Provencal herbs is a "supplier" of tasty pieces of fish pulp for light salad with fresh leaves of wild garlic. Champignons are lightly fried in olive oil and then poured over with apple cider vinegar. These mushrooms are tastier than regular pickled mushrooms and are better for baked fish. Ramson and fresh dill get along well in one salad, emphasizing the aroma of each other. The garlic pungency of wild garlic will saturate both salmon pulp and mushroom pieces.
Conifer tree or a bush on the site is always great, and a lot of conifers are even better. Emerald needles of various shades adorn the garden at any time of the year, and phytoncides and essential oils secreted by plants not only flavor, but also make the air cleaner. As a rule, most of the zoned adult conifers are considered very unpretentious trees and shrubs. But young seedlings are much more capricious and require competent care and attention.
Sakura is most often associated with Japan and its culture. Picnics under the shade of flowering trees have long become an integral part of the welcome of spring in the Land of the Rising Sun. The financial and academic year starts here on April 1, when the magnificent cherry blossoms are in full bloom. Therefore, many significant moments in the life of the Japanese are marked by their blossoming. But sakura grows well in cooler regions - certain species can be successfully grown even in Siberia.
I am very interested in analyzing how the tastes and addictions of people to certain foods have changed over the centuries. What was once considered tasty and was an object of trade lost its value over time and, conversely, new fruit crops conquered their markets. Quince has been cultivated for over 4 thousand years! And even in the 1st century BC. e. about 6 varieties of quince were known and even then methods of its reproduction and cultivation were described.
Delight your family and make themed Easter Eggs Curd Cookies! Your kids will be happy to take part in the process - they will sift the flour, combine all the necessary ingredients, knead the dough and cut out intricate figures. Then, with admiration, they will watch how the pieces of dough turn into real easter eggs, and then with the same enthusiasm they will eat them with milk or tea. How to make such an original cookie for Easter, read our step-by-step recipe!
Among tuberous crops, there are not so many decorative deciduous pets. And Caladium is a true star among the variegated inhabitants of interiors. Not everyone can decide to start a Caladium. This plant is demanding, and first of all - to care. But still, rumors about the extraordinary capriciousness of the Caladiums never justify. Care and attention will help you avoid any difficulty in growing caladiums. And a plant can almost always forgive small mistakes.
We have prepared a hearty, incredibly appetizing and simply elementary dish for you today. This gravy is one hundred percent universal, as it goes with every side dish: vegetables, pasta, or anything. Sauce with chicken and mushrooms will save you in moments when there is no time or you don't want to think too much about what to cook. Grab your favorite side dish (you can do this ahead of time to keep everything hot), add the gravy and lunch is ready! A real lifesaver.
Among the many different varieties of these popular vegetables, we will tell you about three that are distinguished by excellent taste and relatively unpretentious growing conditions. Characteristics of the varieties of eggplants "Almaz", "Black handsome" and "Valentina". All eggplants are medium-firm. For Almaz it is greenish, while for the other two it is yellowish-white. They are united by good germination and excellent productivity, but at different times. Skin color and shape are different for everyone.
Agriculture belongs to such types human activitythe successful outcome of which is not always directly proportional to the efforts made. Unfortunately, nature does not necessarily act as our ally in growing plants, but often even, on the contrary, throws up new challenges. Increased reproduction of pests, abnormal heat, late return frosts, hurricane winds, drought ... And one of the springs presented us with another surprise - a flood.
With the coming of the season summer cottage works the question arises of growing strong and healthy seedlings our favorite vegetables: cabbage, tomatoes, sweet peppers, eggplant and many other crops. Along with this, the question arises - how to grow decent seedlings and in the future to get healthy plants from them and decent harvest? For example, I have been growing seedlings for a single season and protect my garden from diseases with the help biological products Alirin-B, Gamair, Glyokladin, Trichocin.
I will allow myself to confess my love today. In love for ... lavender. One of the best unpretentious, evergreen and flowering shrubs that can be successfully grown in your garden. And if someone thinks that lavender is Mediterranean, or at least southern, then you are wrong. Lavender grows well in more northern regions, even in the Moscow region. But in order to grow it, you need to know some rules and features. They will be discussed in this article.
Such a plant as ordinary cherry is familiar to everyone today. This fruit tree is not uncommon, and it grows almost everywhere: on household plots, in front gardens and even along roads. Popular, hardy and unpretentious plant, has a fairly wide application in cooking, folk medicine, cosmetology.
Berries are consumed fresh, they are used to make jams, compotes, jams. In addition, they are used in the manufacture of liqueurs, liqueurs, and wines. The plant is used in folk medicine, as it is endowed with a variety of medicinal properties. It is appreciated by nutritionists and those who follow their figure.
Cherry is a shrub or small tree of the plum family, reaching a height of two or more meters. The plant is endowed with a spherical crown, brown bark, long, first greenish, and then brownish shoots, simple alternate short-petiolized, elliptical, bare leaves with pointed tops, large actinomorphic bisexual fragrant white flowers, collected in umbellate inflorescences.
The fruits are juicy drupes. It begins to bloom long before the leaves appear, in April, and the fruits begin to ripen at the beginning of summer. Cherry grows almost all over the world, but gives preference to places with a temperate climate.
How vegetable raw materials are harvested
In folk medicine for making medicines they use not only the fruits of the plant, but also the leaves, branches, cherry glue, bark and stalks. The sheets are torn off, poured onto paper and dried in a well-ventilated area.
Berries can be dried in a natural way, but more often people still use special dryers. Dried raw materials are poured into glass containers and stored in a dry, well-ventilated room. The shelf life of harvested leaves and fruits is one year.
Composition, healing properties
The plant is rich in: sugars, anthocyanins, pectin compounds, organic acids (citric, succinic, malic, quinic), ascorbic acid, carotene, tannins, minerals (potassium, iron, copper, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, sulfur, zinc, iodine , manganese, cobalt, nickel)), coumarins, fatty oils, flavonoids, catechins, vitamins A, E, H, PP, starch.
The richest chemical composition gives the plant a lot of useful properties. It has a number of useful properties:
- diuretic;
- anti-inflammatory;
- expectorant;
- antineoplastic;
- antioxidant;
- antiseptic;
- fortifying;
- immunostimulating effects.
Medicines contribute to:
- strengthening immunity;
- prevention of the development and growth of tumors;
- increased appetite;
- elimination of toxins and toxic substances from the body;
- improving the functioning of the central nervous system;
- lowering blood pressure;
- strengthening of capillaries;
- treatment of arthritis, colds, constipation, seizures, epilepsy, neuroses, tonsillitis, jaundice, edema, tuberculosis, wounds, burns.
Informal Medicine Prescriptions
Neuroses, epilepsy, convulsions: decoction therapy. Take the dried bark of a plant, grind to a powdery consistency. Pour in two tablespoons of the powder with about half a liter of water. Place the container in a darkened room for several hours. After the time has elapsed, pour the composition into a saucepan, place on the stove, boil, then reduce the heat and continue simmering for a quarter of an hour. Cool and strain the composition. It is recommended to drink a glass of the drink four times a day.
Preparation of a general tonic medicine. Take dried fruits, about a couple of spoons, chop and combine with oregano - 20 g and the same amount of hibiscus. Stir the ingredients and pour in half a liter of water. Boil the composition, reduce heat and boil the composition for a quarter of an hour. Put the broth in a warm place for a couple of hours. Drink half a glass of medicine three times during the day. In order to improve the taste of the drink, you can add a spoonful of honey.
The infusion will help in the treatment of renal pathologies. This remedy has pronounced diuretic properties. Take cuttings, grind and steam a few tablespoons of raw materials with boiling water - 300 ml. It is necessary to insist the remedy for an hour, at least. Drink 100 milliliters of medicine three times a day.
Preparation of an agent that helps to eliminate painful sensations when urinating. Combine equal amounts of branches with corn silk, mix and grind the components to a powdery consistency. Steam a couple of tablespoons of raw materials with boiling water - 500 ml. Put the composition in a dry place for three hours. It is recommended to take 50 ml of the drink four times throughout the day.
Arthritis, joint pain: decoction therapy. Mix the branches and stalks in equal amounts, chop and boil with boiling water. Set aside the product for a while. Drink 50 ml of the healing drink several times a day.
Jaundice: application of the infusion. Finely chop the leaves and pour 20 grams of raw milk - 300 ml. Put the composition on the oven, wait until it boils. Cool and take half a glass of the medicine three times throughout the day, after a meal.
Tuberculosis: Cherry Glue Treatment. Take 20 grams of glue, dissolve in boiling water - one glass. Consume a third of a glass of the drug three times a day, shortly before a meal.
Anemia: infusion therapy. Mix in equal proportions cherry, thyme, mountain ash and calendula leaves. Stir and cut into small pieces. Brew 15 g of the mixture with boiled water - 300 ml. Leave the product warm for five hours. You need to take the medicine three times a day, 1/4 cup each.
Peeling. A product for removing dead skin cells and narrowing pores. Take fresh cherries, grind to a mushy consistency and combine with 10 g of starch, mix. Apply the composition to cleansed skin. After 20 minutes, wash with cold water.
Hair Mask. Squeeze the juice from the fresh fruit of the plant. Then mix the juice with two tablespoons of starch and the juice of one lemon. Apply the composition to your hair, put on a cellophane cap and wrap a towel around your head. After half an hour, wash your hair with shampoo.
Contraindications
Like any other medicinal plant in addition to indications, cherries have a number of contraindications. It is strictly forbidden to be treated with drugs from it in the presence of such ailments as: stomach ulcer, hypotension, diabetes mellitus, obesity. It is not recommended to use plant-based products for individual intolerance.
Before using any cherry preparations, do not forget to consult your doctor.
Cherries, like everyone else fruit plants, distinguish between root and aboveground systems.
Root system cherry is located in the soil shallow. According to many researchers, the bulk of the roots lies at a depth of 40-60 cm, and on poor, poorly cultivated and heavy soils - 20-40 cm. At the base, the roots grow most densely. They grow stronger in width. By the nature of their placement in the soil, the roots are horizontal, located almost parallel to the soil surface, and vertical, going vertically into the soil. The first ones cover the surface horizons of the soil, where the microbiological processes and a lot of necessary nutrients... The latter supply water, mineral elements from deeper horizons, and also give stability to a cherry tree or shrub.
The horizontal roots of some cherry varieties have the ability to form numerous root shoots that sometimes litter the garden. The peculiarities of the placement of the cherry root system in the soil must be taken into account when carrying out agrotechnical measures for caring for the soil in the garden, fertilizing, removing overgrowth, etc.
Aboveground system has various sizes and shapes. Trees distinguish between a bole and a crown formed skeletal branches with numerous ramifications. The stem contains buds, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. On cherry shoots, two types of lateral buds are formed: growth and fruit. Unlike pome varieties, cherry buds are simple, that is, they give either only growth or only flower formations. The next year after laying, a growth bud can only give a growth-type shoot or a rosette of leaves, and a fruit bud - only flowers and fruits. After the fruits ripen, a scar is formed at the place of fruiting, and the branch is bare at this place (Fig. 1).
As an exception, some varieties of cherries have mixed kidneys, which, during development, form a flower raceme that sits on a short shoot with small leaves. In summer, fruit or growth buds are laid in the axils of these leaves. Shoots sprout from growth buds in the same or next year. This is usually observed on young or strong growing trees in favorable conditions growth. In this case, the bare branches are slowed down and the yield is significantly increased.
Cherry differs from pome-bearing breeds, which have a terminal fruiting character, in a clearly pronounced lateral fruiting character - fruit buds are located on the side along the length of the shoot. The apical shoot bud is always growing.
A feature of cherries is the ability to form two or three group buds in the leaf axil in addition to single ones. Of two paired buds, one can be of growth, the other - fruit, both growth or fruit. Triple buds can have two fruit buds (growth buds between them) or all three fruit buds.
A group of buds (usually 5-7) makes up the so-called bouquet branch, in the center of which there are one or two growth buds, and the rest of the buds are fruit buds.
Depending on the location of growth and fruit buds, different shoots are distinguished in cherries. Growth shoots bear only growth buds. Usually these are strong shoots of at least 40-50 cm in length, which are formed in young non-bearing trees. Mixed shoots have both growth and fruit buds, which are alternately placed. Their length is about 25-40 cm. Fruit shoots bear only fruit buds, except for the apical one. Their length is about 10-15 cm. Bouquet twigs - very short fruit shoots, about 1-2 cm long. As a rule, bouquet branches are placed on older growths. When they bloom, a bouquet of flowers is formed. A bouquet twig is a perennial fruit formation; under good nutritional conditions, it can live up to 5-7 years.
Cherry bears fruit on the growths of the previous year (fruit and mixed shoots) and on bouquet branches located on biennial and perennial wood.
By the nature of growth and fruiting, two biological groups of cherries are distinguished: bushy and tree-like. They differ in life expectancy, yield, early maturity, etc.
Bush cherry, as a rule, has a small height (from 1.5 to 2 m). The crown is wide, drooping, spreading. It has no central axis and consists of several independent trunks (Fig. 2), or one with a very short stem and a central axis from which lateral branches extend.
The group of bushy cherries includes mainly varieties obtained using steppe cherries in crosses or as a result of selecting steppe cherries: Polzhir, Ideal, Nadezhda Krupskaya, Fertile Michurina. In addition, this includes varieties such as Vladimirskaya, Shubinka, Lyubskaya, etc.
The life span of bush cherries is 15-20 years. Growth ability in different varieties expressed to an unequal degree. Many root shoots are formed by Vladimirskaya, Rastunya and some others.
Bush cherries are fast-growing, they begin to bear fruit in the 2-3rd year after planting. Fruiting occurs mainly on elongated annual growths (fruit and mixed shoots).
The ratio of fruit and growth buds on the shoot, which depends on the length and strength of shoot development, is important for productivity: the shorter the shoot, the higher the percentage of fruit buds, and vice versa.
On short shoots (up to 10-15 cm) in bush cherry, as a rule, all lateral buds are fruit buds. They develop an inflorescence of 3-5 flowers, forming the same number of fruits under normal conditions. Some of the ovaries are crumbled. The fruiting part of the branch is bare and remains inactive.
A new shoot (fruit or mixed) develops only from a single growth bud at the top of the one-year growth. Usually, these apical shoots also grow short (fruiting), and the exposure of the branch increases from year to year. Fruits and leaves are concentrated at the ends of branches, leaves become smaller, and therefore the assimilation surface decreases, insufficient deposition of reserve nutrients occurs, branches become thin, flexible and sag, often reaching the ground.
On the branches of bush cherry with a weak increase, the yield is small, since few shoots are formed, and although all the fruit buds are on them, their total small. Fruits are small on short growths.
Other fruiting on shoots of medium length (25-40 cm) - mixed shoots. On them in the upper part, in addition to the apical growth bud, several more growth buds are formed. In this case, a continuation shoot develops from the apical bud, and vegetative growths from the downstream growth buds. On such shoots, lateral fruit buds are formed, not only single, but also group - double and triple. Usually one of them is growing, gives vegetative growth, and the rest yield a harvest (Fig. 3).
Mixed shoots are the best for fruiting and good development wood. A greater number of fruit buds are laid on them, from which fruits develop, and growth buds, forming new branches - the basis of the next year's harvest.
Branches with growths of medium strength are less exposed and do not hang down so much.
Consequently, one of the main tasks of caring for bush cherries is to ensure sufficient annual growth.
Very strong growths (over 45 cm) in fruiting bushy cherries are undesirable, since mainly growth buds are formed on them, and therefore the yield is low. The reasons for the formation of strong growths are: incorrect (very strong) pruning, excess fertilization, death - of the crop from frost, etc.
Tree cherry (Fig. 4) is a tree of various heights (from 2.5 to 6 m or more), depending on the growing area. The shape of the crown of a tree cherry is different - from round to pyramidal. This group includes varieties: Kent, Podbelskaya, Rastunya, Saika and many others. Treelike cherries, as a rule, live much longer than bushy ones - up to 25-30 years (in the south up to 40 or more), at the time of fruiting they enter later 4- 5th year.
The fruiting nature of tree cherries can be called combined, since the harvest is concentrated both on annual increments of the previous year, and on bouquet branches located on perennial wood (mainly 2-3-year-old). However, the bulk of the crop is formed on bouquet twigs (Fig. 5).
The lateral fruit buds of the bouquet twig give fruit, at the attachment point of which after fruiting, scars remain, the apical growth bud forms a shortened growth, on which a bouquet of fruit buds with a growth apical bud is again laid. After several years of fruiting, the bouquet twigs die off. Dying off begins on older parts of the wood, and new bouquet branches appear on young wood.
In some cases, strong annual growths are formed from the apical growth bud. As a rule, this happens when pruning over a bouquet branch or when fruit buds die from frost, etc.
The formation of new bouquet branches in a tree cherry depends on the length of the shoot. As a rule, on short shoots most of buds are fruit, and bouquet twigs are formed from single growth buds, the number of which is small, and therefore the yield on weak growths decreases.
On shoots of medium length, lateral buds are almost all growth buds. Of these, for the next year, bouquet twigs mainly develop, and since the number of growth buds (and, consequently, bouquet branches) on such a shoot is large, the cherry crop on these growths increases.
On very strong annual growths, only growth buds are formed. The next year, some of them give bouquet twigs, and most of them develop strong lateral branches. With the annual development of such shoots, the crown thickens, as a result of which the bouquet branches develop strongly and die off early. In these cases, pruning is carried out to thin the crown and to induce the development of bouquet branches.
Consequently, the basis of a good harvest in the tree cherry, as well as in the bush cherry, is to obtain annual growths of average length.
In addition to groups of varieties of bushy and tree-like cherry, there is an intermediate one. The varieties belonging to it bear fruit both on the growths of the previous year and on bouquet branches.
Often, depending on the age of the tree and its care, the nature of fruiting changes, so you can find plants of the same variety that bear fruit in different ways.
The nature of fruiting cherry depends on the strength of growth, which in turn is associated with the main age periods of its life (growth, fruiting and dying off).
During the growth period, the main skeleton of the tree and its crown are formed. The resulting strong annual growths (more than 40-50 cm) bear growth buds, from which lateral branches grow and develop. During this period, the tree barely bears fruit. Shoot growth usually ends late. Therefore, agricultural technology should be aimed at achieving annual strong increments in the first half of summer and the end of their growth by the end of the growing season in order not to reduce the winter hardiness of the tree.
In the first years of fruiting, annual growths are quite strong, especially at the ends of the branches, and then the length of the annual growth in plants decreases. As mentioned above, on such increments, a large number of fruit, growth and group buds, therefore, cherry gives a good harvest and at the same time a sufficient number of vegetative growths and bouquet branches - the basis of the harvest in the following years. With increasing age, the growths weaken, and during the period of full fruiting, short growths predominate, bearing mainly fruit buds from the side. The formation of lateral branching almost stops, the branches become exposed and sagging, the yield is sharply reduced. The main task during this period is to obtain sufficiently strong annual growths in order to prolong the period of stable and abundant fruiting.
During the period of full fruiting, with weakening growth, tops appear in the depths of the crown. They appear, as a rule, near the bend of the hanging branches. Due to the gradual withering away of the hanging branches that have stopped growing, the bulk of the crop falls on the lateral branches of tops. There is a kind of self-rejuvenation of the tree. Under favorable growing conditions, it can occur several times, but each time with increasing age, tops appear closer and closer to the base of the skeletal branches.
During the period of death of the tree, large skeletal branches begin to dry out, gum flow occurs, the wood rots, the formation of tops almost stops, appears root growth... The production value of grafted cherries is lost. In coppice cherries, during this period, the crown is usually restored again at the expense of the strongest shoots growing from the base of the tree.
Thus, knowing the biological characteristics of the growth and fruiting of cherry, correctly applying various agricultural techniques, it is possible to regulate growth and development, to ensure sustainable and high yields.
For the successful growth and fruiting of cherries, the sum of active temperatures (above 10 ° C), equal to 2000 ° C, is required (G. T. Selyaninov, 1959). However, in many areas of the non-chernozem belt, many varieties of cherries grow and bear fruit successfully at a lower amount of active temperatures. In the Leningrad Region, the number of days per year with an average daily air temperature above 10 ° C is 100-130 or more, and the sum of active temperatures ranges from 1550 to 1750 ° C.
The growing season of cherry plants (the beginning of budding) occurs in spring with an average daily air temperature of 6-8 ° C (in the northwestern zone in late April - early May), flowering - in mid-May - early June. In the central and southern regions of the non-chernozem belt, these dates occur somewhat earlier.
According to the flowering time, the varieties are divided into early flowering, medium flowering and late flowering. The cherry blossom period lasts 7-10 days, depending on the meteorological conditions of the year.
According to the degree of self-fertility (the ability to pollinate with their pollen), cherry varieties differ into self-fertile, partially self-fertile and self-fertile. In practice, the vast majority of cherry varieties require cross-pollination in order to obtain a good harvest.
Shoot growth begins after flowering following the opening of leaves. The duration of the growth period depends on the variety, climatic characteristics, soil conditions, and agricultural technology used.
Ripening of cherry fruits in the non-chernozem zone usually begins in the first decade of July and lasts until mid or late August, depending on weather conditions.
According to the ripening period, cherry varieties are divided into early, middle and late.
The yield of cherry plants depends on the variety, soil and climatic conditions and the agricultural technology used.
The size and taste of the fruit is usually determined by
varietal characteristics.
kerescan - May 23rd, 2015
Cherry is a shrub or short tree, no higher than 7 meters, from the pink family belonging to the plum genus. Its fruits are rounded, dark red in color. Cherry is original in its structure: a tasty juicy pulp and a small stone are hidden in a bright glossy shell.
Cherry ripening season: June-July. Probably everyone knows her sweet and sour taste. But do you know beneficial features cherry, wonderful berry?
Cherries are very beneficial for the body. Can be distinguished whole line healing properties. First of all, due to the content of the anthocyanin pigment, it is easily absorbed by the body and is considered dietary product... Cherry contains many blood-forming elements. It is very effective in treating anemia, arterial atherosclerosis. Effectively increases hemoglobin, acts as a hemostatic agent. Cherry strengthens capillaries, helps with high pressure... Effective in diseases of the cardiovascular system, it is popularly called "heart berry".
Cherry juice contains many vitamins. It is useful for colds, bronchitis. Increases appetite, fights arthritis, good antiseptic... The juice has a mild laxative and expectorant effect. In folk medicine, cherry tree bark, leaves and stalks are also used. They are used to prepare infusions and lotions, which are very effective in many diseases.
Photo. Cherry tree.
Cherry is also being studied by standard medicine. She is an ingredient in many medicines. Gives syrups a sweetish taste and pleasant aroma. The content of ellagic acid was revealed in the cherries. This acid is used in drugs aimed at the treatment of cancer. The consumption of cherries has a positive effect on the inhibition of the growth of cancer cells.
Besides medicine, cherry is used in cosmetology, its aroma is used in many perfume formulas. A common series is "Wild Cherry" or "Chinese".
But, despite a number of medicinal properties, in some cases, cherries can harm the body. Namely: it is contraindicated for problems of the gastrointestinal tract. An abundant amount of vitamin C increases acidity and is the "enemy" for ulcers and gastritis. Cherries are contraindicated in obesity and diabetes mellitus... The glucose content will be negatively reflected in the last illness. Also, cherries are not recommended for chronic lung disease.
Photo. Cherry berry
Photo. Ripe cherry
Cherries delicious and beautiful berry... First of all, its extraordinary taste is very pleasant to eat raw. Even after defrosting, it retains its special taste and aroma. Cherries stand out beautiful decoration confectionery, desserts. They make jams and preserves, juices, compotes, fruit drinks and even alcoholic drinks (wines and liqueurs). In cooking, as in medicine, not only fruits are used: cherry twigs give an unusual aroma to kebabs, the leaves are added to the marinade and preservation.
Each housewife has a number of secrets for harvesting cherry fruits. Most simple methods billets are drying and freezing. In the future, such cherries are used mainly for compote or decorating desserts (freezing). You will find simple ones on the site.