It is difficult to imagine how people communicated when the means of communication was not language, but, for example, gestures or facial expressions. Surely, without language today, we would not be able to convey so figuratively and vividly all our emotions, experiences and thoughts, embodying them in songs, poems or prose.
1:1002 1:1007Our language is both humble and rich.
There is a wonderful treasure hidden in every word.
Say the word "high" -
And immediately imagine the blue sky.
You say: "White is all around" -
And you will see a winter village
White snow hangs from white roofs
Not to be seen under the white snow of the rivers.
I will remember the adverb "light" -
And you will see: the sun has risen
If you say the word you are "dark"
Immediately the evening will look out the window.
If you say “fragrant,” you
Immediately remember the lily of the valley flowers.
Well, if you say “beautiful”,
Before you - all of Russia at once!
The earth is inhabited by various living things: from the smallest bacteria to such giants as elephants and whales. But only man has the gift of speech. And no matter how we define this gift - sacred, divine, majestic, magnificent, priceless, immortal, miraculous - we will not reflect in its entirety its enormous significance.
1:825 1:832
The spiritual treasure of any nation is language
2:1432From the first days of his life, a person hears the speech of people close to him - mom, dad, grandmother and, as it were, absorbs the intonation of their voices. Still not knowing the words, the child recognizes the people close and dear to him by the sounds of voices. Gradually, the baby begins to master speech and learn the world around him. And by the age of seven, scientists have calculated, the child remembers more words than in the rest of his life.
2:2155From the very birth it is necessary to lay in the soul of the child this heritage - the native language. It is not for nothing that the people say that one can do without science in life, but not without a native language. And this is exactly the case.
2:341 2:346When you want to say a word
My friend, think, take your time:
It is sometimes lead
That was born by the warmth of the soul.
It will rob, or bestow
Let it be inadvertently, let it be loving,
Think how not to hit
Someone who listens to you.
In the whole world, there are from 3 to 5 thousand different languages. Among them are the so-called world languages \u200b\u200b- Russian, English, French, German, Spanish. There are state or official languages \u200b\u200b- Polish in Poland, Mongolian in Mongolia, Swedish in Sweden and many others. And most languages \u200b\u200bdo not have any official "position" - they are simply spoken ... one - 10 people, another - 100, the third - 1000, and the fourth - 10,000 ...
2:1550International Mother Language Day is primarily aimed at protecting languages \u200b\u200bthat are disappearing. And this is an important task, because nowadays two languages \u200b\u200bdisappear every month in the world ...
2:315 2:320The history of the emergence of the holiday of the native language
2:418
Like any celebration, this international day has its own historical background. In 1952 in Pakistan, students from the University of Dhaka took part in a demonstration against the Urdu language. The majority spoke the Bengali dialect, so this is the language the protesters demanded to be recognized as the state language. However, they not only did not listen to them, but began to shoot. As a result, four student activists were killed. After the deaths of these and other Pakistanis, as well as a series of unrest and liberation movements, Bengali was declared the official language in the country. The struggle for the right to use the manner of communication familiar from childhood was crowned with success.
3:2141 3:4Subsequently, at the initiative of the country of Bangladesh (recognized as an independent state in 1971), the UNESCO organization proclaimed the date of February 21 as the International Day of the Mother Language, which has been celebrated annually all over the world for 14 years.
3:434 3:439Mother Language Day in Russia
3:501
On International Mother Language Day, all languages \u200b\u200bare recognized as equal, since each of them is unique. In Russia, the state language is one - Russian.In our country, love for the native language can be compared to the feeling of true patriotism that permeates everything and each of us. Especially when it comes to primordial Slavic values, to which we can confidently include the Russian language.
4:1741I love my mother tongue!
He is understandable for everyone, he is melodious,
He, like the Russian people, has many faces,
How powerful is our power!
20 interesting and unexpected facts about the Russian language that you probably did not know:
4:376 4:381
Most of the words with the letter "F" in Russian are borrowed. Pushkin was proud that in "The Tale of Tsar Saltan" there was only one word with the letter "f" - fleet.
5:1195 5:1200In the Russian language there are only 74 words starting with the letter "Y". But most of us remember only "iodine, yogi" and the city of "Yoshkar-Ola". In Russian there are words in "Y". These are the names of Russian cities and rivers: Ygyatta, Yllymakh, Ynakhsyt, Ynykchan, Ytyk-kyul.
5:16625:4
The only words in Russian with three letters "e" in a row are long-necked (and others in -shee, for example, crooked, short) and "snake-eater".
5:257 5:262In the Russian language there is a word with a prefix, unique for the language, ko- - nook
5:406 5:411The only word in the Russian language that has no root is to take it out. It is believed that in this word the so-called zero root alternating with the root -im- (pull-im-at). Earlier, until about the 17th century, this verb looked like take out, and it had a material root, the same as in take off, hug, understand (compare to take off, hug, understand), but later the root -nya- was rethought as a suffix - well- (as in "shove", "blow").
5:1204 5:1209The only monosyllabic adjective in Russian is "evil".
5:1345 5:1350In the Russian language there are words with prefixes that are unique for the language and -, - total and total and a- - maybe (outdated, and the eighth "a eighth will not be lucky"), formed from the unions "and" and "a"
5:16555:4
The words "bull" and "bee" are one-root. In the works of Old Russian literature, the word "bee" was written as "bchela". The alternation of vowels ъ / s is explained by the origin of both sounds from the same Indo-European sound U. If we recall the dialectal verb buch, which has the meaning of “roar, buzz, buzz” and is etymologically related to the words bee, insect and bull, then it becomes clear what was the general meaning of these words.
5:785 5:790Dahl suggested replacing the foreign word "atmosphere" with the Russian "kolozemitsa" or "mirokolitsa".
5:975 5:980Until the XIV century in Russia, all obscene words were called "ridiculous verbs."
5:1119 5:1124In the Guinness Book of Records in 1993, the longest word in the Russian language is called "X-ray electrocardiographic", in the 2003 edition, "highly discerning."
5:1454 5:1459In the Grammar Dictionary of the Russian Language A.A. Zaliznyak edition of 2003, the longest (in letters) common noun in the dictionary form is the adjective “private business”. Consists of 25 letters.
5:1833 5:4The longest verbs are “to be reexamined”, “to substantiate” and “to internationalize” (all - 24 letters; word forms - in and out of 25 letters).
5:317 5:322The longest nouns are "misanthropy" and "superiority" (24 letters each; word forms -ami - 26 letters each, however, "misanthropy" is practically not used in the plural).
5:708 5:713The longest animate nouns are "eleventh grader" and "clerk" (21 letters each, word forms -ami - 23 letters each).
5:974 5:979The longest adverb recorded in the dictionary is “unsatisfactory” (19 letters). However, it should be borne in mind that from the overwhelming majority of qualitative adjectives in -th / -th, adverbs in -o / -e are formed, which are not always fixed by the dictionary.
5:1424 5:1429The longest interjection included in the Grammar Dictionary is "hi-fizkult" (15 or 14 letters, depending on the hyphen status).
5:16725:4
The word "accordingly" is the longest preposition and the longest conjunction at the same time. It consists of 14 letters. The longest particle is "exclusively" one letter shorter.
5:325 5:330There are so-called insufficient verbs in Russian. Sometimes the verb does not have any form, and this is due to the laws of euphony. For example: "win". He will win, you will win, I… will win? will I run? victory? Philologists suggest using the substitute constructions "I will win" or "I will be the winner". Since the first person singular is absent, the verb is insufficient.
5:1082 5:1087The British use the mnemonic “Yellow-blue bus” to successfully master the difficult phrase “I love you”.
5:1267 5:1272
Our native Russian language is powerful and beautiful
6:94There are many different worthy sayings about the Russian word, but no one has expressed himself better than the classics on this topic.
6:329 6:334
9:4
"Our Fatherland, our Motherland is Mother Russia. We call her Fatherland because our fathers and grandfathers have lived in it from time immemorial. We call our Motherland because we were born in it, they speak in our native language and everything in it is for we are dear. Mother - because she nurtured with her waters, learned her language and, like a mother, protects and protects us from all enemies ... There are many good states in the world, but a person has one mother, one is his homeland. "
12:823Konstantin Ushinsky
12:867 12:872"The Russian people created the Russian language - bright as a rainbow after a spring shower, as accurate as arrows, melodious and rich, soulful as a song over the cradle: What is Motherland? This is the whole people. This is its culture, its language.
12:1262Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy
12:1319 12:1324Revered my mother tongue Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, urged to love and study him.
12:1517How beautiful is my native language,
Magic, melodious, playing.
Like a transparent crystal spring
Caressing heart and soul.
Every word in it is a priceless diamond.
Every song in it is a beauty.
Sometimes beautiful, sometimes harsh,
Our homeland is famous for it.
Just as it is impossible to imagine the land without a sower, life without bread, a person without a homeland, so the great Russian language cannot be imagined without proverbs and sayings.
13:1296 13:1301Russian proverbs about the word
13:1360Think first - speak later.
Do not be brave in word, but show in deed.
Talk less - do more.
The word is not a sparrow, if it flies out, you won't catch it.
To speak without thinking that to shoot without aiming.
13:4
If you want to argue fate
If you are looking for a flower garden
If you need a firm footing
Learn Russian language!
He is your mentor - great, mighty,
He is a translator, he is a guide,
If you storm the knowledge of the steep,
Learn Russian language!
The Russian word lives on the pages
The world of inspiring Pushkin's books.
The Russian word is lightning freedom,
Learn Russian language!
Bitter vigilance, Tolstoy's boundlessness,
A pure spring of Pushkin's lyrics,
The Russian word shines with mirroring -
Learn Russian language!
There are people on our planet with different skin colors, different histories, different customs and traditions, and they speak different languages. Each nation protects its language, its speech - this is its culture.
14:1787Ushinsky noted: "When the language disappears, there are no more people!"
14:117 14:122Our beautiful language -
Rich and sonorous.
That's powerful and passionate
That is tenderly melodious.
He also has a grin
Both accuracy and affection.
Written by him
Both stories and fairy tales -
Pages of magic
Exciting books!
Love and keep
Our great language!
International Mother Language Day is celebrated annually in the world on February 21. This holiday was established on November 17, 1999 by the General Conference of UNESCO, and it began to be celebrated in February 2000. The main goal of the International Mother Language Day holiday can be called the promotion of linguistic and cultural diversity in the world.
Recall that 2008 was declared in the resolution of the UN General Assembly as the International Year of Languages, and 2010 became the International Year for the Rapprochement of Cultures.
Languages \u200b\u200bare considered to be the most effective tool for preserving and developing the material and spiritual heritage of any nation. Today there are about 6 thousand languages \u200b\u200bin the world. According to UNESCO, in the near future, about half of them may lose their last carriers and disappear completely.
About 80% of African languages \u200b\u200bhave no writing at all. The extinction trend of languages \u200b\u200bwill only intensify in the future.
A language can survive if at least 100,000 people speak it. Languages \u200b\u200bdisappear not only in the modern world, this has always happened, sometimes extinct languages \u200b\u200bdid not even leave a trace. However, languages \u200b\u200bhave never disappeared so quickly before. Very often, the extinction of languages \u200b\u200bwas led by the desire of the rulers to achieve the unity of their country, for this they had to force the people to use one common language.
One of the most important goals of the International Mother Language Day is the protection of endangered languages. The problem of the disappearance of languages \u200b\u200bis very urgent today, because at the present time about two languages \u200b\u200bdisappear in the world every month.
The advent of new technologies has made it increasingly difficult for national minorities to gain recognition for their languages. This is due to the rapid development of the Internet throughout the world. And today it is believed that the language that is not represented on the Internet, as it were, does not exist at all. It is estimated that about 81% of all pages on the Internet are in English. German and Japanese, French, Spanish and Scandinavian languages \u200b\u200bfollow by a huge margin.
UNESCO has even created a special portal for disadvantaged national minorities. It allows these people to gain access to human knowledge and education.
The meaning of the native language
Language is a system of sound and written symbols that people use to convey their thoughts and feelings. Scientists generally agree that the language originated about half a million years ago. However, until now none of them can explain with certainty how exactly its origin took place. All languages \u200b\u200bon our planet are roughly equal in terms of structural complexity.
Our material and spiritual heritage is developed and preserved thanks to them. Each language is unique in its own way, therefore it represents a very great cultural value, which we must try to preserve as long as possible.
Any steps taken to spread the native languages \u200b\u200bcontribute to linguistic diversity and multilingual education. People around the world should become more familiar with the linguistic and cultural traditions of their countries. This allows for the strengthening of solidarity based on mutual understanding and dialogue.
Great attention should be paid to the native language, because it is a tool for communication, reflection and perception, describes our vision of the world. In addition, language is also able to reflect the connection between past, present and future, serves as a means of expressing creativity.
The native language leaves a unique imprint on each of us from the moment of birth. In addition to the native language, a person can also master foreign languages. This allows us to get acquainted with a different culture and a different worldview. Each language has unique expressions that reflect the mentality and customs of the people who speak it. A person comprehends his native language from infancy. Even in the womb, the child already hears speech. When he is born, he gradually begins to speak the language spoken by the people around him in the family.
We can say that the native language forms our consciousness within the framework of the culture that is embedded in it.
However, science has proven that if a person speaks only one language, then part of his brain develops less, and creativity also does not develop fully. Therefore, the study of foreign languages \u200b\u200bis very useful for our development. It should be noted at the same time that it is much easier for children to learn foreign languages \u200b\u200bthan for adults.
Traditions for the holiday on February 21
On this public holiday, 21 February, International Mother Language Day, various exhibitions, concerts and language presentations are held at UNESCO Headquarters and its affiliates around the world.
To protect languages, UNESCO is even planning to create a preventive monitoring system. This system will help monitor the state of those languages \u200b\u200bthat are threatened with complete extinction, and will also help improve the situation.
It should be noted that the date of the celebration coincides with the date of the holiday, which is celebrated in Bangladesh in memory of the bloody events of the middle of the last century. Then, in 1952, supporters of Bengali to be recognized as the official language of East Pakistan, were brutally repressed by the Pakistani police.
Our multinational country has a large number of different languages. At the same time, 136 of them in 2009 were recognized by UNESCO as endangered.
In different cities of our country, for the holiday of February 21 - the International Day of the Mother Language - they try to timed various events and actions to protect the Russian language.
Many people do not like the current situation around modern mass media. All of them widely use profanity, slang, criminal language, a huge number of foreign words, etc. All this contributes to the pollution of the Russian language.
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Attention! The site administration site is not responsible for the content of methodological developments, as well as for the compliance of the development of the Federal State Educational Standard.
At the international level, the problem of preserving national languages \u200b\u200bin the center of attention. Russia is a multinational country in which different languages \u200b\u200bare spoken, different cultures coexist. More than 80 nationalities have been living as a single family on the territory of the Komi Republic for many decades. The unifying principle in the multilingual space of our country is the language of the majority of the population - Russian. Knowledge of the language leads to an understanding of the spiritual ancestral roots, the emotional and moral foundations of the entire culture. Mother Language Day is a good occasion to remember its meaning.
Theme:Mother Language Day
Goal: show the role of language in human life and in the life of society.
Tasks:
- the formation of a culture of personality, citizenship;
- development of language taste;
- the formation of a culture of communication as part of the general culture of a person;
- reviving interest in the native language, drawing attention to the problems of the modern Russian language;
- rallying children and parents;
- development of communication skills;
- instilling love and respect for the people around, for the native language, native land, through joint creative activities.
The form: educational and game program
Location: primary classroom
Students age: 10 - 11 years old
Equipment:
- media projector;
- a computer;
- 3 magnetic boards (white);
- five sundresses for girls;
- folk costumes (Bashkirs, Ukrainians, Komi)
- painted face of a person (A1);
- painted parts to face: nose, eyes, mouth, ears;
- 3 pictures of tree trunks;
- cards: KOMI LANGUAGE, RUSSIAN LANGUAGE;
- cards with proverbs;
- leaves to trees (words are written on the back);
- Atlas of World Languages;
- a phrase on a green sheet of paper (If we know the language well, we can ...);
- phrases on yellow sheets of paper (write without mistakes; better understand what you read; better understand each other; speak correctly, learn the world, be an interesting interlocutor, create, communicate, preserve the customs and traditions of your people, know the history of your people, pass on knowledge from generation to generation)
Event plan
- Introduction.
- The history of the origin of the holiday.
- Atlas of the languages \u200b\u200bof the world.
- The state language of a huge country.
- The advantages of the Russian language.
- Speeches in the native language:
- Performance of a folk song by the Bashkirs.
- Reading poems by Ukrainians.
- Staging of the Komi fable.
- Learning words in the Komi language. A game.
- Work in groups "Special character of words".
- Summarizing.
Event progress
Lead teacher + whole class: Hello! Good day! We are delighted to welcome our wonderful guests and loving parents to this class today. We are glad to all of you! We are all in a great mood. And we think that you have the same!
- Then we start? ( the class answers - let's start). Today, parents are actively involved with the children. Thank you very much for your cooperation!
- The theme of our today's class event is dedicated to the Day of the mother tongue. Today we will find out what this holiday is and why it is celebrated.
Lead child:
What a holiday we are celebrating today
All together, are we happy to meet you?
Lead teacher: International Mother Language Day is an unusual but very important holiday. It was created quite recently since 2000 and is celebrated on February 21 all over the world. Proclaimed by the General Conference of UNESCO with the aim of promoting linguistic and cultural diversity and multilingualism.
- Each nation has its own unique culture, history, traditions, way of life. And, of course, the language. Scientists suggest that human speech skills appeared about 100,000 years ago. Let's try to imagine how people could communicate without speaking skills. Who wants to try talking without words? ( choice of 3–4 children)
Assignment: You are invited to invite your neighbor to hunt for a mammoth(the task is pronounced in the ear)
- What were these people trying to agree on? (the class is trying to answer)
- It turns out how difficult, difficult it was to explain without words and understand each other.
- But the written forms of the language appeared only about 5,000 years ago. Therefore, the road to language was long and difficult. And we speak in all corners of our planet in different languages. In Germany - in German, in France - in French, in England - in English, and in Russia? (in Russian).
Lead child:I wonder how many languages \u200b\u200bare there on our planet?
Lead teacher: Once there were 7000 to 8000 independent languages. Today, approximately 6,000 languages \u200b\u200bare known. The diversity of languages \u200b\u200bis a tremendous human heritage. The most common languages \u200b\u200bin the modern world are Chinese, English, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Portuguese, French. Most of humanity speaks these languages.
Lead child: Wow! So many languages! And where did so many of them come from?
Lead teacher: Do you really want to know? (children in chorus:YES!)
- Then listen.
- There is a legend. According to this legend, after the Flood, mankind was represented by one people speaking the same language. And so the people became proud and decided to build a gigantic tower in Babylon up to the sky. It took a long time to build it, using the labor of different people. The gods were afraid that their power would be violated and decided to interfere with the construction of the tower. To do this, they made it so that people began to speak in different languages. Because of this, confusion arose at the construction site, the builders stopped understanding each other - and the tower collapsed without reaching heaven. The confusion of languages \u200b\u200bstopped work on the tower and scattered people across different parts of the earth. Here's a legend.
Lead child: Why did the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating such a day arise?
Lead teacher: International Mother Language Day is primarily aimed at protecting languages \u200b\u200bthat are disappearing. And this is an important and urgent task, because nowadays two languages \u200b\u200bdisappear in the world every month.
- In 1996, a man named Red Thundercloud died in the United States. He was the last one to know the language of the Sioux Indian tribe. True, before his death, he managed to record speech samples and ritual songs of his people, which rendered a great service to science. Unfortunately, this is rare. Most often, the language dies quietly and imperceptibly along with its last speakers.
Lead child:Yes ... Like endangered species of animals, languages \u200b\u200bare rapidly dying out, and in order to survive they need our support and interest.
Lead teacher: Linguists try not to waste time and manage to document the many languages \u200b\u200bthat still exist. Indeed, according to scientists, in a hundred years from 3 to 6 thousand of the currently existing languages \u200b\u200bwill disappear. International Mother Language Day is celebrated with the aim of preserving and developing endangered languages, as well as raising awareness of linguistic and cultural traditions.
Lead child: Endangered species of animals and plants are listed in the Red Book. And where are the endangered species of languages \u200b\u200bbeing brought?
Lead teacher: There is an Atlas of the world's languages \u200b\u200band the Red Book of the languages \u200b\u200bof Russia. They represent languages \u200b\u200bthat are threatened with extinction. Currently, there are nearly 500 languages \u200b\u200bthat are on the verge of extinction.
Here are some examples :( book show)
- And to survive a language needs 100,000 people to speak it. Languages \u200b\u200bare disappearing. In Russia in 1917, there were 193 languages. Now -174.
proverbs
Lead child: Then our task is to preserve endangered languages \u200b\u200band take care of all the diversity of human cultures.
Lead teacher: Yes, because it is thanks to the language that the traditions of peoples continue to live, an interest in the knowledge of the world awakens. It is the language that unites people regardless of their place and time of residence.
Lead child: What unites us?
Lead teacher: Indeed, what can unite us? (children's answers: we study in the same school, live in the same city, country, speak the same language - Russian).
- That's right, but the main element that unites us is precisely the language - the Russian language.
- By the way, take note: over 350 million people all over the world understand Russian, of which 170 million are native. In addition, about 180 million foreigners are currently studying Russian. It is the language of communication for more than 160 peoples and nationalities of the world. He is the language of great literature. He is the language in which the first words in space were spoken. It is the language of a great nation with a thousand-year history. The Russian language managed to lead the "language union" throughout the territory of Russia and became the state language of a huge country.
Apprentice 1
Generous folk heritage -
I love our beautiful language.
After all, I have been speaking Russian since childhood,
Like a mother, I got used to it.
Apprentice 2
Life goes on ahead of the dictionary.
How many new deeds, events, feelings!
Expressing your thought in Russian,
I learn a lot from my ancestors.
Apprentice 3
I have the key to all sciences,
I am familiar with the whole Universe -
This is because I own
Russian all-embracing language.
Apprentice 4
Our language is the language of labor and light,
It is wide and clear and great.
Listens with excitement to the planet
Pushkin's immortal language!
Lead teacher: The Russian language has all the advantages of other languages. It is melodic like Italian, commanding like German, precise like English. But only the Russian language has such a palette of colors and such versatility. Foreigners, listening to Russian speech, say that it flows like a song. Let's listen to the sound of a poem by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin describing a winter evening.
The storm covers the sky with darkness,
Whirling snow whirlwinds;
How the beast she will howl
It will cry like a child
Then on the dilapidated roof
Suddenly it will rustle with straw,
How belated a traveler
He will knock at our window.
- We can see the beauty and versatility of the Russian language in folk art. This is how the people sang the coming of spring ( girls perform a folk song)
Spring, spring is red!
Come spring, with joy
With joy, with joy.
With great mercy:
With high flax, deep root.
With rains, showers,
With abundant bread!
In my garden,
I have something beautiful.
Lyushenki Lyuli, Lyushenki Lyuli,
The birds sang well
They sang well.
Lyushenki Lyuli, Lyushenki Lyuli.
- The role of language as a means of communication between people is remarkably defined in Russian folk art. One of the types of such creativity are proverbs and sayings. Every nation has many proverbs designed to express the basic principles of life. And yet, one of the most accurate and instructive are Russian proverbs.
What a luxury, what a meaning, what is the use of every saying of ours! - said A.S. Pushkin.
Remember the proverbs and sayings at the beginning of the phrase, continue them, explain the meaning (the guys work in groups)
- Do you want to eat rolls -…. (don't sit on the stove)
- The bird is red with a feather, ... (and a man with his mind)
- There is no better friend ... (than dear mother)
Remember and compose proverbs and sayings based on two given words.
- business - boldly (Finished business, walk boldly.)
- feather - ax (What is written with a feather cannot be cut out with an ax)
- business is time (business is time, fun is an hour.)
- Well done! Indeed, “Our proverbs are short, and our minds and feelings have been put into them for whole books,” M. Gorky wrote about Russian proverbs. It is no coincidence that the language is called the storehouse of knowledge and wisdom of the people.
- Another of the best properties of the Russian language is the ability to express subtle nuances using countless suffixes, which are not found in other languages.
- For example, let's take the word "HORSE". And let's try to add to this word different suffixes.
- small, funny, charming creature - HORSE TOA
- tired workhorse, very elderly - LOSHAD YONKA
- affectionately we will call the horse - HORSE USHKA
- So, you and I can only be proud that Russian is our native language.
- There are many peoples in the world, they all speak different languages, but each person appreciates his native language, protects it, cherishes and everyone has the right to speak freely in his native language.
- According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Article 68, all its peoples are guaranteed the right to preserve their native language, to create conditions for its study and development.
- At present, it has become an indisputable statement that the main wealth of any territory is its population. More than 80 peoples live on the territory of the Komi Republic. In our classroom team there are representatives of different nationalities: Bashkirs, Tatars, Ukrainians, Komi, Chuvash, Mordvins, Russians. And each has its own unique beauty and sound language. Some families have prepared a performance in their own language. Let's listen to them.
BASHKIRS - perform a folk song.
Physical minutes: Bashkir dance movements
UKRAINIANS - read poetry in their native language.
KOMI - staged a fable in the Komi language.
- Guys, did you recognize this language? That's right, this is the language of the Komi people - the indigenous population of the Republic in which we live. By the way, take note. The Republic is home to 975,000 people, of which only the indigenous population is 264,464 people. 2009 was declared the year of the Komi language in the Republic, and this is not accidental, because according to the Constitution of the Komi Republic, not only Russian, but also Komi are state languages.
- Guys, have you noticed that there are signs on the buildings of the city written in two languages \u200b\u200b- Russian and Komi ( well no).
- Let's take a look at some of them (showing signage: on the building of the city administration, on residential buildings, on the school building, on the building of the bakery).
- And now we will try to learn a few words in the Komi language ( learn words: mouth, eyes, nose, ears). We show on ourselves the part of the face in question, and pronounce this word in Komi.
head - YUR, mouth - PTO, nose - DIVE, ear - PEL, eye - SHCHIN
Game "Create a face" (the teacher calls part of the face in Komi, the one who remembered what this word means attaches the part to the face on the board).
- Usually, a native language is understood as a language that a person learns from early childhood. When we learn a language, we memorize, first of all, the words of this language, and there are a great many of them. Just as we cannot count the leaves on a tree, so it is difficult to count the number of words. But each word has its own special character, its own meaning.
(The class works in groups. There are parents in each group).
- Each group has a small tree. Leaflets with words of different meanings and character will help you to "green" it. Be careful when choosing words for your tree.
1 group (nouns) |
Group 2 (adjectives) |
Group 3 (Verbs) |
Sun, mother, warmth, Motherland, goodness, friends, home, family, peace, joy, creator. |
Handsome, affectionate, warm, happy, smart, sunny, solemn, dear, polite, respectful, |
|
Poison, weapons, tears, wars, betrayal. |
Terrible, envious, furious, cowardly, arrogant. |
To be afraid, offend, lie, hate, offend. |
(each group reads out the words)
- Why did you choose these particular words? - each group gives its own answer (kind; liked; we want these words to be found more often in our life; evoke positive emotions; pleasant to pronounce; can only be painted with light colors; I want all these words to refer to me ...).
- What words did you not take? ( the answers)
- The more beautiful and warm words in our speech, the kinder we will be with you ...
- Unfortunately, in the modern world more and more rude, obscene words are used that litter our language.
Pupil
Oh my dear, holy language!
I'm used to twisting you
I used to offend you
Humiliate people with you.
Pushkin spoke to you, -
Lermontov created with you,
And I offended. I betrayed
I gave it up for scorn.
And who am I? Just a stupid son.
And, unfortunately, not one.
But forgive us. Don't measles.
Illuminate with your radiance
And we will keep as a covenant
In their speeches of culture, light!
- Have you ever wondered why we need to learn a language? ( students draw their conclusions and attach the answers to the board).
If we know the language well, we can ... (on the board)
(write without mistakes; better understand what you read; better understand each other; speak correctly, learn the world, be an interesting interlocutor, create, communicate, preserve the customs and traditions of your people, know the history of your people, pass on knowledge from generation to generation)
- Right. Language is the spiritual wealth of the people. Without language, it is unthinkable to move science, technology, art, life forward a single step.
- And why is this day so necessary? ( so that people remember languages, their native language, so that they respect other languages, take care of it, do not let them disappear, so that the language will live for other generations)
- A language is a teacher who teaches us, and will teach us, if we treat it carefully and study it diligently. The languages \u200b\u200bof the peoples are different, but celebrating the International Day of the Mother Language on February 21, I would like to draw the following conclusion:
Pupil:
Everyone has a language
What is dear forever
Without a native language
There is no man!
Pupil:
We sing to them, we say
From the very birth
And to the native language,
There must be great zeal!
- Treat your native language with care and love, think about it, love it, study it!
- Thank you very much everyone!
International Mother Language Day on February 21
International Mother Language Day, proclaimed by the General Conference of UNESCO in November 1999, has been observed every year since February 2000 to promote linguistic and cultural diversity and multilingualism.
Languages \u200b\u200bare the most powerful tool for the preservation and development of our material and spiritual heritage. According to UNESCO estimates, half of the 6,000 languages \u200b\u200bof the world may soon lose their last speakers.
All steps to promote the spread of native languages \u200b\u200bserve not only to promote linguistic diversity and multilingual education, develop a fuller acquaintance with linguistic and cultural traditions around the world, but also strengthen solidarity based on mutual understanding, tolerance and dialogue.
This is what UNESCO Director-General Koichiro Matsuura says about this holiday: “In celebrating International Mother Language Day ... we pay tribute to the myriad of languages \u200b\u200bthat exist in the world, the cultures they reflect, the creativity that gives people their development and forms of expression. ... On International Mother Language Day, all languages \u200b\u200bare recognized as equal, as each is uniquely suited to human purpose and each represents a living heritage that we need to safeguard. "
Recognition and respect for all languages \u200b\u200bis the key to keeping peace. Each language is unique. It has its own expressions that reflect the mentality and customs of the people. Like our name, we acquire our native language from our mother in childhood. It forms our consciousness, permeates the culture embedded in it.
Even though it is very difficult to penetrate deeply into the culture of another language, knowledge of languages \u200b\u200bbroadens our horizons and opens up a diverse world for us. Getting to know people who speak other languages \u200b\u200bmakes it possible to learn about our differences, can dispel fears of the world that give rise to ethnic strife. Make your thinking more free.
If we speak only one language, part of our brain develops less, our creativity loses a lot. There are about 300 words that in all languages \u200b\u200bhave exactly the same meaning: I, you, we, who, what, no, all, one, two, big, long, small, woman, man, eat, see, hear, sun , moon, etc.
But if we take other words, for example, the Chinese word for patience (zhen), then it also means tolerance, patience ...
If in French je t "aime (I love you) can be said to a friend, child, lover, then this is inconceivable for other languages, for example, for English or Italian in which there are different words for the concept of" love ".
One example. India has about 1600 languages \u200b\u200band dialects, and the situation is very difficult. The constitution guarantees all citizens the right to “retain” their languages, and all ethnic and religious minorities have the right to govern educational institutions. In fact, there is a language hierarchy. Minor languages \u200b\u200bmay disappear, being replaced by English, which is perceived as a neutral language, a symbol of modernity and good social status.
Every century needs a native language ...
(Kenzheev Bakhyt)
Every century needs a native language
to every heart, tree and knife
need a native language of purity tears -
so I will say and keep my word.
So I will say and silently, barefoot, I will pass
a barren, cloudy country,
to blame your labor
native language that has become a bulky stone.
From the street, the invalid put his ear to the glass.
Everyone's throat hurts, everyone's eyes are watery,
if the century is decaying, and its spring
dries up without comforting us.
The stones will erase the sole, they will take away youth,
so that the singing reed grows out of the water,
so that in old age he could justify his work
unquenchable lace stone cutters.
Well - peeling off the crust from compressed lips,
overcoming lies, and an abscess in the ears,
to every sky - if you don't love the century -
let it slip forgotten repeating
In the native language, because again
in every living thing the early morning sleep is deep,
to merge hate and love
in your narrow pupil in a golden ball.
About native language
(Galina Purga)
The tongue is your guide to the mind and heart,
Without it, you will be stumped.
Your language is your life, your dreams,
You are no longer you without him.
Your tongue is like a mother
Which is impossible not to humiliate, not to offend.
You must, friend, thank him
For being able to speak correctly.
Native language is your soul, your world, your ray,
Love him for being powerful.
Your tongue is a shield, your communication
Do not let him be neglected.
Don't let someone else label your native language.
Your legacy is your land and your language
And don't let the ignorant distort it,
You, my friend, do not forget about this
Native Russian language
I will not fight my brother for the language,
We'd better have more vodka and fresh snacks.
But something for the first time quietly happy mother,
When I just opened my eyes, she told me in Russian.
And so it poured into my blood with my mother's milk
The same language as a gift from the messenger ancestors.
Today I hear the cry of a fellow countryman again and again
That my native language is only the lot of strangers.
When the carousel stops spinning
And I'll lie down in a cold hole behind a street descent
Drive my spirit from the unfortunate Ukrainian lands
For writing his lines in Russian during his lifetime.
Native language
Everyone is addicted to Arabic
everyone was drawn to the east,
Spanish, Polish, Italian,
the train carried everyone to the west
How easy it is to drop everything and hide
and tell us all later,
that happiness is abroad,
and laugh at your
Now the native language is already
now in a completely different country,
I'm happy for them, but life is not eternal,
and only the native language is in the soul
Native language
(Valery Bryusov)
My faithful friend! My enemy is insidious!
My king! My slave! Native language!
My poems are like altar smoke!
Like a furious challenge - my cry!
You gave wings to a mad dream
You wrapped your dream in chains.
Saved me in hours of powerlessness
And he crushed with excess strength.
How often are strange sounds in secret
And in the hidden sense of words
I found the melody of the unexpected
Poems that took possession of me!
But often, joyfully tortured
Or intoxicated with quiet longing,
I waited in vain to be in tune
With a trembling soul - your echo!
You wait like a giant.
My face is inclined before you.
And yet I won't get tired of fighting
I am like Israel with a deity!
There is no limit to my persistence.
You are in eternity, I am in short days,
But still, like a magician, submit to me,
Or turn the madman to dust!
Your wealth, by inheritance,
I, impudent, demand myself.
I throw a call - you answer,
I'm coming - you get ready to fight!
But, defeated or the winner,
I will equally fall before you:
You are my avenger, you are my savior
Your world is forever my abode,
Your voice is the sky above me!
Native language
(Pavlova Lina)
I thank old times
Scientists and poets and people
For the language that you gave me
And they kept it in the worst year!
I thank my mother for reading
And, revealing the meaning of each tale,
She corrected childhood mistakes
And awakened my thought to life.
I thank Kuprin, Tolstoy,
Turgenev and Chekhov always,
That my mother tongue was enriched
And they supported me in difficult times.
And if you attack, during the hard times,
I have not sunk to the bottom yet,
And if she didn't close her heart to people,
The merit of the book is that it is my destiny!
And often without even bread,
I opened with a weak hand
Your friends, guides,
And time carried me to another world.
Native speech, beloved native language,
We draw strength from you in all ages.
You, our jewel, our strength,
And you play a role in the life of the lighthouse!
Native language, tell us the words ...
Native language, tell us the words:
How to protect you, where to draw strength?
Not an inglorious nickname "Mordovians"
But the name "Erzya" is proud to be worn.
To be a forerunner is an enviable fate,
Erzyan "istya" breathes the Russianness of truths.
But did you know that they will oust you
From the Volga expanse of the Fatherland ?!
In the family of living Russian languages
You are left - one among the few.
We are at the mounds of our forefathers
Let's renew the ritual of strict traditions.
Let the sacred shtatol keep the fire,
Only with Erzyan Mastor will spirit and strength grow.
To the mound hills - bow to the ground,
So that the memory of our ancestors speaks in us.
Istya (erz.) - yes
Erzyan Shtatol - a sacred candle, a symbol of hope, unification and will of the Erzyan people
Erzyan Mastor - the land of Erzyan
International Mother Language Day
International Mother Language Day was proclaimed by the General Conference of UNESCO in November 1999 and has been celebrated since 2000 every year on February 21 to promote linguistic and cultural diversity and multilingualism. This date was chosen to commemorate the events of February 21, 1952, when in Dhaka, the capital of present-day Bangladesh, students - participants in a demonstration in defense of their native language Bengali, which they demanded to be recognized as one of the official languages \u200b\u200bof the country - were killed by police bullets.
According to experts, the native language is under the threat of extinction if more than 30% of children in a particular community stop learning it. According to the Atlas of Endangered Languages \u200b\u200bof the World, prepared by UNESCO in 2009, during the last three generations of the world's 6,000 languages, more than 200 languages \u200b\u200bhave already disappeared, 538 are in a critical situation, 502 languages \u200b\u200bare in serious danger, 651 are in danger and 607 in a state of instability.
136 languages \u200b\u200bare in danger in Russia, and 20 have already been declared dead.
In addition to 20 extinct languages \u200b\u200b(for example, Ainu, Yug) in Russia, 22 more languages \u200b\u200bare considered to be in critical condition (Aleutian, Tersko-Sami, Itelmen), 29 - in serious danger (Nivkh, Chukchi, Karelian). 49 languages \u200b\u200bare endangered, including Kalmyk and Udmurt. The situation in 20 languages, including Chechen, Yakut and Tuvan, is a cause for concern.
It is worth considering that Udmurt, Kalmyk, Yakut, Tuvan and Chechen are the state languages \u200b\u200bof Russia.
Quotes about the native language
- "Prefer your native language to all others." Avvakum.
- "Whose language is the power"... Ancient Rome.
- “Language is the confession of the people,
His nature is heard in him,
His soul and life is dear ... "
P. Vyazemsky.
- "And we will save you, Russian speech, the great Russian word" A. Akhmatova.
- "There is no doubt that the Russian language is one of the richest languages \u200b\u200bin the world." V.G.Belinsky.
- "An unrestrained tongue is the worst of evils." Euripides.
- "If you don't know how to use an ax, you can't cut down a tree, but the language is also an instrument, a musical instrument, and you need to learn to use it easily and beautifully."A. M. Gorky.
- "In the days of doubt, in the days of painful thoughts about the fate of my Motherland - you alone are my support and support, oh great, mighty, truthful and free Russian language." I. S. Turgenev.
- "Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language, this treasure, this heritage passed down by our predecessors." I. S. Turgenev.
- “The word is a great thing. Great, because a word can unite people and separate them, a word can serve love, and a word can serve enmity and hatred. " L. N. Tolstoy.
- “And we have no other property! Know how to protect, even to the best of your ability, in the days of anger and suffering, our immortal gift is speech. " I. Bunin.
- “My only asset is Russian speech. There is nothing dearer than a phrase that cloaks thought as if it were one and the same thing. " D. Samoilov.
- “We must stand harder and harder,
We must love all the stronger
We must keep everything stricter
Gold of the Russian Speech ”. D. Samoilov.
- "A beautiful thought loses all its value if it is badly expressed." Voltaire.
- “There is no simple word. It is either a curse, or congratulations, or beauty, or pain, or dirt, or a flower, or a lie, or truth, or a network, or darkness. "
R. Gamzatov.
- "There is no word that would be so ambitious, boldly, it would burst out from under the very heart, it would boil and vibrate as vividly as a well-spoken Russian word." N.V. Gogol.
- “You marvel at the jewels of our language: every sound is a gift; everything is grainy, large, like the pearl itself, and, really, another name is even more precious than the thing itself. " N.V. Gogol.
- "For everything that exists in nature ... the Russian language has a great many good words and names." K. Paustovsky.
- "... And if, after all, love for one's fatherland, one's language and one's motherland remains for a long time, then it will only be a living branch on the living trunk of universal gratitude." V.G. Korolenko.
LOVE AND PROTECT YOUR NATIVE LANGUAGE!