Grapes are a horticultural crop that everyone has summer cottage or vegetable garden. But for the bush every year to give good harvest, it must be properly cared for. Particular attention should be paid to feeding the vineyard. Specialists have developed fertilizer application schemes, which are adjusted depending on which strip the crop grows in and the variety of the vineyard. Consider why grape feeding is generally needed, and how to properly implement it.
Why fertilize grapes
Caring for grapes is not only about covering shrubs for the winter and cutting off unnecessary shoots. Like any other horticultural crop, the vineyard needs certain substances, which, ideally, it gets from the soil. If this or that component is not enough, then the plant begins to bear fruit poorly and hurt. Therefore, fertilizers should be applied that compensate for the lack of one or another element. But, at the same time, it should be remembered that an overabundance of even the most useful element can lead to the appearance of diseases of the bush. Therefore, all fertilizers should be applied in a specific sequence.
Many people wonder why in wildlife all plants grow perfectly and without feeding. In wild nature most of harvest falls to the ground, rotting there. It turns out that all the components that the shrub took from the soil during the fruiting period come back. When the shrub is cultivated, the entire crop is harvested. It is also worth noting the fact that in the wild, the vineyard grows only on those soils that suit it. When planting shrubs in the country, we do not think about whether the soil contains everything necessary for this plant, or not.
For top dressing to be effective, they need to be done at a specific time. In addition, a specific fertilizer corresponds to each period.
How to fertilize the vineyard
Before answering the question, you should understand what grapes need for normal growth and development. This shrub needs nitrogen, copper, potassium, phosphorus, zinc and boron. Accordingly, feeding grapes is the introduction of those fertilizers into the soil, which contain the above microelements.
All fertilizers that are applied under grape bushes are divided into 2 groups:
- basic;
- additional or top dressing.
Basic fertilizers, as a rule, are applied no more than once every 24 months. An exception is made if the soil is excessively depleted. Additional fertilizers, or, as they are often called, fertilizing are applied several times a season, small. We apply top dressing in liquid form.
In addition to manure, which is used as a top dressing for all horticultural crops, we add peat, potassium, compost under vines, potassium sulfate, bird droppings, phosphorus, saltpeter, nitrogen, etc.
Manure is the main fertilizer that contains everything you need for the health of the grape bush. By by and large manure improves the quality of the soil, makes it more fertile. Any organic matter acts as an alternative to manure. We introduce overripe manure into the soil, which contains the mineral elements necessary for the vineyard (phosphorus, for example).
Any mineral fertilizer can be used as top dressing. We give preference to fertilizers, which contain several mineral elements at once. Ammophos, azofosk and nitroammofosk are effective.
In addition to mineral fertilizers, which contain several components, potassium chloride, phosphorus, potassium sulfate, nitrogen, potassium magnesium, ammonium nitrate, boric acid, granular superphosphate, urea, ash are used as top dressing.
Feeding calendar
In order for the shrub to be healthy and produce a good harvest every year, it needs to be fed five times during the summer season.
1st feeding
In early spring we do the first top dressing. As soon as the warm sun appears, we apply a 3-component fertilizer to the soil, which is easy to make on our own. To feed one grape bush in 10 liters of water, we dilute 20 g of superphosphate, 10 g of ammonium nitrate and 5 g of potassium salt. If you are preparing fertilizer for all bushes at once, then when applying it to the soil, use a measuring bucket. You should not add more substance to the soil than 10 liters.
The second option for the first top dressing involves the introduction of superphosphate (40 g), nitrogen (40 g) and potassium (30 g) fertilizers into the soil. In this case, fertilizers are applied dry. Fertilizer weight per bush.
In parallel, you can fertilize the shrub with liquid fertilizers. But make sure that they do not contain chlorine. In this case, it is important to properly fertilize the bush. First, make a hole near the bush. Then, into this hole, pour 10 liters of pre-warmed (but not hot) water, fertilizers diluted in water, and water again. The preparations are diluted based on the manufacturer's recommendations. We are waiting for the soil to dry out. Then we gently loosen it. Even during the first feeding, the shrub is fertilized with ammonium sulfate.
This is the only top dressing that comes in the spring. All other top dressing of grapes is carried out in the summer.
2nd feeding
The second time we fertilize the vines 1.5-2 weeks before flowering. Depending on the climatic zone it could be late May or early June. If we talk about the Moscow region, for example, then we perform the second feeding of grapes in early June. At this stage, you can use exactly the same 3-part liquid fertilizer as during the first feeding.
You can prepare a liquid fertilizer from 40 g of nitrogen fertilizers, 40 g of potash fertilizers, 50 g of superphosphates and 10 liters of water. At the same time, we introduce chicken droppings into the soil, diluted in water or a slurry prepared from manure. For the preparation of liquid fertilizing, manure and water are taken in a 1: 2 ratio. After preparing the slurry, it is left for at least a week, and preferably 1.5, in a barrel. Use, respectively, fermented fertilizer, previously diluted with water (ratio 1: 6). Superphosphate can be added to the resulting mixture and potash fertilizers(20 and 15 g per 10 l of water, respectively). Before introducing the slurry into the ground, we dig a groove or hole near the bush. We introduce, on average, 1.5 buckets of slurry per 1 bush.
3rd feeding
This grape dressing is performed in July. Depending on the climatic conditions times may vary. This dressing of grapes is done after flowering, just before the ripening of the berries, the size of which should correspond to the size of the peas. At this stage, the shrub needs potash fertilization. We also add superphosphate to the soil. But nitrogen is not added during the third feeding. You can prepare complex fertilizers (as during the second feeding, for example).
If the third top dressing of the vineyard is carried out in a timely manner, then the yield will increase by at least 1.5 times. Will improve and appearance berries.
4th feeding
As soon as the berries begin to ripen, and this will happen in the second half of August, the bushes should be fertilized for the fourth time. How to feed the grapes during the period that falls on the end of July or the beginning of August? Be sure to apply fertilizers that contain potassium (50 g per bush is enough). Also, it will not be superfluous to apply fertilizers, which contain phosphorus. For 1 bush, 100 g of fertilizer is enough. Accordingly, we also apply 50 g of phosphorus fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizers should be excluded at this stage.
5th feeding
The last time the shrub is fertilized is after harvest. The best feeding at this stage - potash fertilizers. They will help the vineyard survive the winter frosts.
Types of dressings
Regardless of whether feeding is carried out during the ripening of the berries or only at the stage of the appearance of the ovary, it can be carried out in different ways.
Root dressing
Root feeding of grapes assumes that fertilizers will be applied directly to the soil. It aims to strengthen the roots of the plant. Strictly speaking, the above-described feeding schedule is the root feeding scheme. Many people limit themselves to the introduction of nutrients into the soil, considering this a sufficient measure for the normal development of the shrub. However, this is a misconception. Root dressing alone is not enough.
Foliar or foliar feeding
Leaves are taken care of by foliar feeding. At the same time, foliar feeding of grapes is no less important than root feeding. And you need to understand that it is not an alternative to root feeding. As a rule, it is performed simultaneously with spraying the bush for diseases. As in the case of root dressing, experts recommend doing it 4 times. But, at the same time, the timing of fertilization is somewhat different.
The first foliar dressing of the grapes is performed before the flowering of the shrub. Spray the plant a second time after the ovary has appeared. The third spraying falls at the beginning of the ripening of the brushes, and the fourth is done after the berries have softened. Shrub can be processed boric acid... But, regarding the advisability of such an action, the opinions of gardeners differ. It is more expedient to prepare complex solutions with boric acid.
There are drugs on sale that can be sprayed on vineyards on a green leaf before the ovary appears and during fruiting. They are usually sold as a dry concentrate. Before use, they must be diluted with water according to the instructions. Some gardeners perform top dressing on a green leaf before the ovary appears, considering spraying the formed bunches inappropriate. But such feeding will not harm both before flowering and during it. This is due to the fact that the leaves are treated with drugs that are harmless to the human body.
Minor top dressing
In addition to the main five dressings for grapes, you can additionally apply fertilizers. So feeding grapes during flowering is performed folk remedies(the same ash, for example). If the vine does not ripen, then use monophosphate, which will solve this problem. And to accelerate the ripening process of berries, drugs are used, which contain phosphorus. You can also fertilize the shrub with preparations containing boric acid.
Also, non-main ones include top dressing during planting of the cuttings. In addition to organic matter, superphosphate and wood ash, potassium salt are placed in the prepared hole. This will allow the cuttings to sprout quickly. A stalk planted in this way will grow rapidly and will yield a crop in the second year. At correct fit For the first few years, you don't need to worry about fertilizing at all. It is enough to add preparations that allow the berries to gain sugar and ripen faster (this should be done in the first months of summer), which promote the growth of a young shoot. You can limit yourself to cultivating a vineyard with a green leaf. But we use the drugs that are intended for this method processing.
Rules for the implementation of dressings
Fertilizing grapes with fertilizers will give the desired result only if it is done correctly.
- All the necessary substances must be introduced into the soil in a timely manner.
- It is advisable to water and fertilize grapes with liquid fertilizers at the same time. In this case, you should not overfill the ground.
- Foliar feeding of the shrub is carried out in calm weather. It is better to spray the vineyard after sunset. In this case, you should carefully select the equipment for spraying. The smaller the size of the drops falling on the leaves, the better the result of the procedure.
- To achieve the maximum effect of the procedure, root and foliar feeding should be carried out at the same time.
- Before introducing liquid solutions into the soil, you first need to make a deepening. There are components, nitrogen, for example, which evaporate in air. Therefore, they must penetrate the ground as quickly as possible. There is also a group of elements that are considered sedentary. Therefore, they may remain in the surface layers of the soil and not reach the root system of the shrub.
- Top dressing of grapes in July and August nitrogen fertilizers can not be done. The same applies to poultry manure and mullein, used in the form of liquid solutions. Otherwise growth vine will be delayed, and the harvest will ripen quite late. But it is advisable to feed grapes in June with nitrogen fertilizers. In the spring, fertilize the soil with ammonium nitrate.
- Choose a quality fertilizer, both for root feeding of grapes and for foliar feeding. And remember that summer treatment is different from winter treatment. In the first case, you need to saturate the soil with elements that contribute to the growth of shoots and the ripening of berries. When processing for the winter, you need to strengthen the roots.
- Hang the grape feeding scheme in the most visible place, and mark all the actions performed. This will help you never miss a spray. The calendar for processing shrubs and trees is practically the same. Therefore, it is possible to draw up a single schedule for the entire garden, with a field for notes.
Important points
It is worth adding various trace elements to the soil not only in summer, but throughout the year. It is very important to choose the right seedlings. For example, varieties such as Isabella and Maiden grapes grow well on any soil. There are varieties that are demanding on the soil, and with a lack of certain microelements grow extremely poorly.
On the packaging of each fertilizer, it is indicated in which month, or at what stage of development of the shrub, it is advisable to use it. Do not deviate from these recommendations, and do not forget to enrich the soil with micronutrients after harvest.
Watering is done after applying dry fertilizers under the roots. If it comes about processing liquid preparations on a green leaf, then the shrub should be watered after it has absorbed all the useful components from the solution used.
Conclusion
Caring for any horticultural crop involves the application of fertilizers. You need to fertilize the soil several times per season. Special attention require young seedlings. In addition to root dressings, leafy dressings should be applied. Be sure to fertilize the soil with a mullein. In addition to using the above fertilizers, you can use folk remedies. So, for example, grapes can be fed with ash or yeast. You can sprinkle the bushes with dry ash, or you can dilute it in water.
It is worth noting that many folk remedies, and ash is no exception, help protect the vineyard from various diseases... But, no folk remedy will be as effective as mineral and organic fertilizers.
The grapes in July require even more care than at other times of the year. In this month, there is an intensive growth of berries on the vine and its maximum consumption of moisture and nutrients. Therefore, it is now important to maintain optimum humidity, feed the plants and make sure they don't get sick. Let's discuss what kind of grape care work should be done in July.
Watering features
With a lack of moisture, grapes grow poorly, gives small berries and poor productivity. The culture normally perceives air drought, but hardly survives ground water scarcity. So that the plants do not suffer from the July heat, they are watered with warm well or rainwater. Cold tap water must not be poured over the plantation. Previously, the liquid must be defended for 1 - 2 days. It is useful to water young bushes hot water(one that a human hand can withstand).
In July, grapes are watered in different ways:
- Superficial;
- Subsoil;
- Aerosol;
- Sprinkling;
- On the principle of drip irrigation.
The most common way of watering the vineyard for summer residents is surface watering, in which water flows to the bushes along grooves along the rows or roundly. Watering is combined with top dressing using a full mineral complex or organic matter containing phosphorus and potassium. Make-up is added before the berries ripen.
The land under the bushes is kept clean and the weeds are pulled out in a timely manner. In hot weather, it is advisable not to be lazy and loosen the soil, since the effectiveness of two weeding is equivalent to one rain.
If the thermometer shows a temperature of more than 30 ° C, sprinkler irrigation is necessary to increase the air humidity. The procedure will make it easier for the plants to breathe and help to cope with drought. Watering of a particular variety is stopped when less than 3 weeks are left before the crop ripens.
How to properly water the grape bushes in July, says a specialist in the video.
How grapes are fertilized in July
Experienced summer residents have been feeding grapes from the very beginning of July, combining it with watering. The nutritious mass is prepared from several components:
- Plain water - 10 liters;
- Potassium sulfate - 2 g;
- Complex fertilizer - 5 g;
- Fermented herb solution - 2 l.
This amount is enough to feed 3 sq. m plantation. Young plants and old shrubs growing on scarce soil especially need nutrients. Fertilize grapes with a warm composition, heated by the sun's rays.
The condition of the bushes is also favorably reflected by mulching with needles. The exercise increases the sugar content of the fruit and prevents the development of a fungal infection. It is carried out at any time, however, the best effect from the application of this method is observed in July-August.
In the phase of softening berries formed on early varieties, nitrogen is excluded from dressings. The accumulation of sugar is stimulated by phosphate-potassium drugs:
- 300 g of superphosphate is infused in 3 liters of warm water;
- The mixture is filtered and infused until clarified;
- The liquid is drained from the grounds and mixed with the ash infusion (the amount of the auxiliary component is identical);
- The mass is diluted with 10 liters of water and again defended until clarified.
Use the drug only on the day of preparation and always in a settled form.
Foliar dressing of grapes is done with the help of Plantafol, Novofert, Aquarin. How and what grapes are fed during July, you can watch the video.
Are grapes pruned in July?
Consider whether it is possible to prune grapes in the summer, and which parts of the plant should be removed in July. Green operations in the second summer month consist of removing stepchildren and tying active shoots to the trellis. The lateral processes emerging from the leaf axils are the stepchildren. Leaving them is not recommended, since the extra parts give the plant density and cover the fruits from sunlight. In this case, the harvest will turn out sour, and the health of the shrubs will deteriorate.
During the ripening period, the leaves of the early grape varieties are cut off, which are located close to the bunches. This will improve the access of the sun to the berries and have a beneficial effect on their color.
Taking proper care of the grapes in July involves some trickery in pinching. The shoots of the 2nd and subsequent level are not completely removed, since the grapes tend to quickly release stepchildren. This process is delayed by cutting off only the top of the stepson. This is about 1.5 - 2 cm from the sheet. The pruned grapes are inspected weekly and removed by stepsons as needed.
Disease protection
It is prohibited to treat grapes with pesticides from the moment a prune bloom appears on the fruits (gray waxy bloom). Before that, you can spray the plantation in order to protect the plantings from diseases. After waiting 20 days after the previous treatment, in dry hot weather, the grapes are sprayed with Flint. In the rainy season, prophylactic spraying is done earlier - after 15 days and with the help of Topaz, Horus, Skor, Tiovit Jet, Quadris. By spraying the grapes, the summer resident protects it from mildew and oidium.
In unfavorable years additional processing non-resistant to mildew, mid- and late-ripening varieties are carried out immediately after the rain with Ridomil Gold. If the first half of summer is consistently dry and warm, you can do without treatment. Spraying grapes with hot compounds, you can reduce the number of fungicidal treatments by 2 - 3 times.
When a vineyard is affected by a tick, the plants are treated with sulfur-containing preparations. Colloidal sulfur and Tiovit Jet fight pests most effectively at air temperatures above 30 ° C.
If signs of rot are found on ripening brushes, the spoiled berries are immediately removed. The remaining clusters should be sprayed with Metronidazole. These are pharmaceutical tablets, 10 - 15 pieces of which are dissolved in 10 liters of water. Any spraying of grapes in July is stopped 3 weeks before the fruit ripens.
Other works in the vineyard in July
As the berries grow, the load of the shrubs with the harvest is monitored. The grapes in July are regulated by such a plan as reducing the number of bunches by 15 - 20%. This applies to overloaded plants that have stopped growing and straightened the tops of the shoots. Insofar as nutrients are spent primarily on the ripening of the crop, it is important to provide the bunches with an influx of useful elements. Then the bushes will take the substances to ripen the vine.
The last grape inoculation is performed in July using the "budding in stock" technology. For budding, take large full-fledged eyes with partially stiff scales. Soft herbaceous buds reduce the survival rate of buds. From June to July, budding is done with green shields, leaving the grafted eyes "sleeping" until spring.
As the hot weather ends, the vaccinations are carefully removed plastic wrap and remove the overgrowth formed on the rootstock. Until the end of the month, the soil is loosened and weeds removed. Closer to August, the first crop is harvested from the varieties Super Extra, Russian Early, Korinka Russian.
How to care for grapes in July correctly, shows the third thematic video. Watch, learn and harvest only generous crops!
Grapes are a bush that is very resistant to heat, cold, and a small amount of nutrients. Maiden grapes just plant it, and it will grow and develop until it ripens. Grapes can easily survive a drought, after which in a short time it regains its strength, grows and bears further fruits.
Even in a semi-abandoned place, you can expect berries from grapes, but this does not mean that feeding the grapes is optional. If you decide to plant grapes professionally, then you must know what is better, how, when and in what quantities you can fertilize roots, bushes and leaves, starting from the moment you purchased and planted young seedlings, and ending with the period of fertility of adult grapes. Now we will talk about how the feeding of grapes should be carried out.
Foliar feeding of grapes is used, foliar feeding and fertilization of roots and soil are equally important. Since it is not for nothing that the biggest fears of experienced winegrowers are plant diseases, it is necessary to fertilize the grapes with fertilizers. Even with all the resistance and endurance, depending on the variety, grapes can be susceptible to a variety of diseases.
Often they are associated with the fact that the gardener chose cuttings of a poor variety, the reason may also be a lack of nutrients or their supersaturation in the soil, which affects the quality of the berries: chlorosis occurs along the leaf, the roots undergo changes.
About the soil
Watering and feeding of grapes and its roots is always required. The first and important factor is that the soil for grapes must be initially nutritious, rich in microelements, because grapes deplete the land, and its fertility depends in large part on grooming and the presence of microelements in the land on which it grows. And if the land is depleted, you can not expect from the grapes big harvest: it will begin to grow poorly, become susceptible to disease due to lack of nutrients. For example, in middle lane In Russia, in the Moscow region, it is almost impossible to grow grapes because of the depleted and non-nutritious soil. Accordingly, if a gardener wants to grow grapes, he needs to provide care for the plant both during planting of seedlings, before and before flowering, as well as during ripening, growth, before and after harvesting.
You need to know how best to fertilize the soil with minerals, trace elements and other nutrients, so that the grapes planted in it grow and you can expect quick fruiting from it. There is different ways(foliar and root), how to properly fertilize grapes and what means, depending on the variety, the phase of the growing season, it is better to use each season. This is important to know if you have decided to become a winegrower or are already one.
About nutrients
What nutrients a grape bush needs for better and faster growth:
- Potassium. At the end of summer and before autumn, grapes are very useful for feeding with potassium chloride. He helps to meet cold winter and to ripen the vines and fruits during this cold season.
- Thanks to copper, the roots in the plant become more frost-resistant, and drought resistance also improves, which is important for a plant in summer, so they can be fertilized both in spring in preparation for the heat, and in autumn before winter.
- The yield can be expected to be larger and better in quality after fertilization with zinc;
- At the very beginning of flowering, fertilizing seedlings using phosphate fertilizers will help to ripen the inflorescence, ovaries of berries and ripening of clusters. It is important that they are fed either before flowering or at the very beginning.
- Nitrogen will help ripen young grapes. It can be applied after the grapes have survived the winter, at the very beginning of spring. Nitrogen promotes the growth of green matter, that is, leaves and shoots. With the onset of summer, the need for nitrogen decreases in grapes. Fertilizing grapes in July or August with nitrogen becomes harmful to the bushes. AND best circuit at this time - feeding of seedlings with urea and ammonium nitrate or the use of azofosk.
- Fertilizing with boric acid increases the sweetness of grape berries and accelerates their growth and ripening (for example, the Isabella variety is already sweet, fertilization with boric acid is optional). Also, due to boron fertilization, pollen germinates better. Used as foliar fertilizer.
How to fertilize
There are different ways to fertilize vines. Consider how to properly fertilize with mineral and organic substances, yeast, how to use it correctly wood ash, bird droppings, manure.
The seedlings and already mature bushes are fed with mineral trace elements (sulfate, ammonium nitrate, boric acid, potassium chloride, etc.), you can also use fertilizers containing several elements to improve growth. These include ammophos, nitrophoska. It is allowed to use multicomponent products (florovit, novofert, aquarin).
Minerals or organics
One should not think that it is necessary to fertilize grape bushes only with mineral microelements. Feeding the grapes with manure is very important. The root system needs nutrients, air, and organic fertilizers will contribute to the entry of various substances into the ground. They are also needed so that the roots are better saturated with minerals. Besides root system, thanks to rotted manure, receives the necessary substances: phosphorus, nitrogen, etc.
Manure can be replaced with compost and sprayed and rooted. Every gardener can prepare it. For this, dried grass, sawdust, chicken droppings are used (the droppings of other birds are also suitable, but chicken manure is often in demand). Ash from trees, branches and other organic waste is also used. One of the important organic fertilizers is bird droppings. It contains very valuable, well-assimilated elements.
It is very easy to prepare bird droppings for use. This will require 4 liters of water and 1 liter of droppings, after which it is diluted 10 times more to obtain a liquid suspension, and only then is it introduced into the ground. For one bush, 0.5 liters is enough.
Potassium chloride is often replaced due to a large increase in the concentration of chlorine in the soil, therefore ash is often used. It can provide the bush with the presence of elements of phosphates and potassium. Ash is the most useful of sunflower husks. But in no case should ash fertilization be used together with lime.
Designation of terms and methods of fertilization
For root feeding of grapes, you need to dig small holes, about 40 cm around each bush. Thanks to this course, the roots will better absorb and assimilate the substances introduced into the soil, especially when deciding to combine root and foliar treatments (spraying, watering).
Fertilizer calendar:
- Spring is the beginning of the growth and flowering of any plant. Winter can be very difficult for grapes. And after cold weather (especially in the first year of a young bush after planting), it is imperative to bring the grapes back to normal. Ammonium nitrate in the amount of 20 g, potassium salt, which should be taken 10 g, and superphosphate (40 g) are diluted in 20 liters of water, which must be used for root treatment. The solution is enough for 2 bushes. And the same emulsion should be fed to the grapes a couple of weeks before flowering.
- Top dressing of grapes during flowering, before ripening, is carried out with monophosphate or superphosphate, potassium (without nitrogen). These fertilizers are injected into the ground;
- If the crop has already been harvested, you need to prepare for winter, and all the feeding of the grapes should be tuned to increase frost resistance. Potassium is good for this.
- Manure fertilizers (fertilizing grapes by spraying, fertilizing the root) are also used during spring flowering.
- Taking care of the grapes in July-June means that the bush does not drain the land and that there is a watering schedule in the dry months;
- Approximately once every three years it is necessary in September to fertilize the vineyard with ash with the addition of manure, superphosphate and ammonium sulfate.
It is important to distribute over the soil around each bush, after which a deep digging is performed
With poor or sandy soil, you need to apply this fertilizer every second year, or even every first year. Do not forget about foliar fertilization.
Caring for decorative varieties
If you think about how to feed the grapes for the best effect, growers use not only the generally accepted methods of processing their green garden. Starting from the moment when cuttings appear, and until the berries are fully ripe, gardeners often use folk remedies. Fertilization with mullein is also practiced, fertilizing and watering grapes are combined.
If you decide to breed an ornamental (vici, maiden) or semi-decorative (wild) variety, then, although feeding and fertilizing the grapes are not so important for them, this does not mean that you can do nothing with it until ripening. We need constant care, which includes feeding the grape plant, cutting unnecessary vines. And these procedures must be performed in the first year.
Ornamental varieties must be fed due to the fact that there are no berry brushes, and the leafy part of this variety is the main one. It is necessary to look after so that chlorosis does not go down the sheet. of different origins and other diseases that can spoil the beauty of the vine and leaves. Summer treatment should be aimed at improving the soil and leaves so that chlorosis is not terrible, and in the second half of autumn - on an excess of lime, which can lead to stains on the leaf and vine. That is why feeding for grapes of any variety is important, only different preparations are used with different ones.
When growing fruit crops, gardeners get tasty fruits. In the first stage of plant life, an immune system is formed, which will further protect against diseases and reactions to climatic changes. In the review, we will tell you in detail when and what fertilizing is needed for young grapes.
A young vineyard needs feeding from the second year after planting
reference Information
A man has been growing fruit vines for his own needs for a long time, therefore he knows all the whims and requirements. delicate plant... In addition to watering and fighting disease, the crop needs regular fertilization. In natural nature, everything that the grape takes from the soil is returned in the fall in the form of the remains of leaves, stems, fruits. For the cultivation of vines in agriculture additional feeding is needed.
Inexperienced growers often forget to put a complex "pillow" in the planting hole, from which the vine will draw nutrients.
Even on the most fertile soils, all trace elements are drawn out after five to six years. Plants will not survive until fruiting without additional additions.
Before planting, the hole must be well filled.
It is recommended to plant grape bushes on nutritious soils with the addition of concentrated fertilizer to the hole. The more trace elements, the better the plant develops. The roots of the fruit vine are very strong and long, they penetrate deep into the soil in search of moisture and additional fertilizing.
Substances in the planting pit feed the culture for three years, and then mineral and organic preparations must be regularly added.
Active growth of the bush is possible only with sufficient nutrition.
What is the threat if you do not fertilize the grapes? The yield of the plant is deteriorating. Even if the vine is actively blooming, the vine does not have the strength to form fruit. Peas occur, and then the ripening of the berries stops. The culture has no immunity, so diseases and insect pests appear at the first opportunity.
The lack of minerals negatively affects the resistance to weather changes: the fruit vine will not be able to survive drought or frost.
What fertilizing is important for grapes?
At different stages of development, the plant needs different microelements. Therefore, you cannot use only complex fertilizers, as the result will be disastrous.
- Nitrogen. It is necessary for the formation and development of green mass in a plant. The disadvantage is manifested in the form of a pale color of foliage, drooping antennae and ovaries. The introduction is carried out in the spring, when the culture is actively growing shoots and leaves. In summer, the substance will slow down the ripening of fruits, and at the beginning of autumn, it will not allow to prepare for wintering.
Lack of nutrition - nitrogen and phosphorus
- Phosphorus. A useful trace element that allows the plant to bloom and form ovaries. With a deficiency, the growth of green mass and fruits slows down, and the foliage turns dark green or purple-red.
- Potassium. Thanks to the mineral, the fruits ripen quickly, and the fruit vine actively grows wood for wintering. A characteristic sign of a lack of substance is a brown trace along the edge of the leaf, and when loaded with fruits, the green mass completely turns brown.
- Magnesium. The necessary microelement, on which the health of the plant and productivity depends. With a lack of substance, yellow-brown spots appear on the foliage. Weakened shoots develop slowly, and when the fruit ripens, the stalk dries out.
- Bor. Improves the taste and quality of berries, accelerates the ripening of the bunches. The lack of a trace element negatively affects the quality of pollen, the growth point of the shoots dies off. The foliage becomes convex and takes on a mosaic shade.
- Copper. Without substance, grapes do not tolerate frost and drought. The introduction of the mineral improves the growth of shoots.
The grape bush died due to frost
- Zinc. Needed to improve crop yields. With a shortage, shoots are deformed. The foliage is covered with dirty green spots.
- Molybdenum. The substance is needed for better assimilation of nitrogen in spring and summer. Deficiency leads to impaired cellular metabolism, the formation of chlorophyll decreases.
An excess of substances is as dangerous as a deficiency.
Inexperienced gardeners often overfeed grapes with nitrogen fertilizers. The culture devotes all its strength to the formation of lashes and new leaves. The introduction of the mineral in the fall is dangerous, since the bushes vigorously grow green mass to the detriment of wood. As a result, the unprepared fruit vine enters the winter and dies.
Fertilizers
Novice growers often do not know which preparations are best for feeding young fruit vines. Therefore, the funds are chosen universal or at random. There are two types of fertilizers, which we will briefly discuss.
The introduction of mineral fertilizers should be dosed
- Mineral. For the convenience of gardeners, a modern chemical industry offers complex dressings (Florovit, Master-Agro, Kemira), one-component (ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, potassium chloride) and containing 2-3 elements (ammophos, nitrophoska).
- Organic. Humus and compost contain all the beneficial trace elements that are needed for the development of grapes. Without natural dressing, microflora and soil aeration are disturbed. The nutrients are in an easily assimilated form, so the excess will not poison the soil. Ash is an excellent source of potassium and phosphorus, which does not contain harmful impurities.
“Any existing organic residues (food and plant residues) are used for composting. This type of organic fertilizer improves the soil structure and provides the grape bush with all the necessary mineral and organic substances. For the best result, the compost is mixed in different proportions (depending on the structure of the soil) with peat, straw, manure. "
Compost for grapes is brought in in the fall
Inexperienced growers always go to extremes - they overfeed the bushes with chemistry or fill them with organic matter.
For each type of fertilizer, there is a time at which the plants absorb better. In the spring and before wintering, it is recommended to add natural substances, and during the summer and early autumn - mineral preparations.
Another mistake is using fresh manure or chicken manure. If you add an unfermented drug, then heat will start to be released during rotting, and this is dangerous for the roots of the grapes.
Fresh manure cannot be used, only rotted
Remember: animal waste is collected in a barrel and filled with water. After 10 days, top dressing will acquire useful properties.
Terms of introduction
So that the grapes develop correctly and give excellent harvest, to add dressings, there are recommended application times. Mandatory procedures fertilization is carried out several times during the growing season.
Remember: you cannot fertilize and water the grapes when the plant is in bloom. This is a very crucial period, and if the culture is disturbed, then the flowers will begin to shed, followed by peeling of the fruits.
Top dressing on the sheet is carried out:
- 5 days before flowering;
- after the formation of the fruit;
- before ripening.
If the vineyard is planted on sandy or loamy soils, then the young plants will not have enough fertilizer from the planting pit. Then experienced gardeners recommend applying.
- First year. In the spring after the first wintering and in the fall, they are watered with a liquid solution of complex preparations. Powdered products are poorly absorbed by weak roots.
- Second year. During this period, in the spring, it is allowed to fertilize with liquid humus with the addition of superphosphate. In autumn, a non-concentrated organic solution with potassium and phosphorus is introduced.
How is fertilized
In order for the grapes to fully absorb the nutrient mixture, you need to properly fertilize. This is especially true for young plants, which are opened in spring after wintering. Chemical elements can burn the roots, which will cause inhibition of development or death of plantings.
Application of mineral fertilizers for the second year in the pits
Mineral or organic fertilizers are always applied to the area where the plant roots are located.
It is recommended to dig a trench around the vine, the depth of which does not exceed 50 cm. A nutrient mixture is added to this hole, and then everything is covered with soil. If you perform this procedure for the winter, then the culture is enough to feed until spring.
There are enough nutrients in the planting pit for young grapes for three years. Then the application of mineral fertilizers is carried out according to the seasonal schedule. Experienced gardeners it is advised to remove the soil at the base of the bushes on two bayonets of a shovel and fill it with liquid humus or compost. Cover with earth from above. This fertilization is enough for young plants for another two years.
Liquid top dressing can be used under the root and on the leaves
"The rates of fertilizer consumption for top dressing depend on the fertility of the soil, weather conditions and the strength of the growth of the bushes."
Never apply top dressing to dry soil. Before starting work, weeds are removed at the base of the bushes, thoroughly loosened. The grapes must be watered warm water before the procedure, and then fertilized with a solution of drugs.
Remember: the products are diluted according to the instructions so that the chemicals do not burn the roots.
Leaf burns due to watering in sunny weather
Experienced growers apply leaf fertilization to the fruit vine. Foliar dressing is perfectly absorbed by the green mass and is easier to digest. In young plants, fruits ripen faster, and the amount of sugar in berries increases. The concentration of the drug is weaker than with conventional procedures. The application is made by spraying through a garden spray bottle.
It is imperative to water before feeding.
Foliar feeding is carried out in the evening or in cloudy weather. Remember: droplets chemical substances in the sun will turn into a lens and burn the foliage. The preparations are washed off after rain, so it is recommended to coordinate garden work with the forecast in advance.
If you apply superficially in spring and summer, then most of the microelements evaporate. Fertilizer shortages will quickly cause negative impact on the development of young grapes. If the preparations are applied unconcentrated and with insufficient watering, then the roots will not develop downward. The processes that have grown on the surface will quickly freeze during the first frosts.
Pipes for irrigation with top dressing - very convenient
In the spring, when planting a fruit vine, a thin plastic pipe through which it is easy to pour fertilizers later. An uncomplicated design will quickly deliver nutrients directly to the roots. With this method of feeding, less trace elements are lost and evaporate.
Fertilizers for young grapes are a nutrient medium that will allow the stem and whip to form correctly, as well as strengthen the immunity of the bush. Our recommendations will help you choose the right preparations for all stages of fruit vine development and prevent nutrient deficiencies.
Grapes are a difficult culture for a beginner winegrower. The main care work is carried out not only in spring and autumn. Grapes require close attention in the summer as well, they constantly need an eye and an eye for it, because it strives to release new shoots. It is worth gape, and instead of a bush with clusters, a jungle of shoots quickly forms.
Therefore, in July, there will be enough fuss with the bushes. First of all, you need to keep an eye on the stepsons all the time, who at this time are very actively growing from the axils of the leaves. Pluck them mercilessly, leaving one or two leaves at a time. It is also necessary to remove all newly formed shoots at this time.
In July, the bushes have already faded, fruits are tied on them and grow. We'll have to watch out for the brushes with berries. Here the task of the grower is to get a good harvest of healthy, large and sweet berries. Without leaving, the berries can turn out to be small and sour. To do this, you need to do the following.
Remove as soon as they are formed, brushes with a mustache (there are some), because they will be of little use.
Leave one strongest brush on each shoot, remove weak brushes.
Consider that each variety is able to endure a certain berry load on the bush (that's why you need to study the features of your varieties!). We'll have to leave as many brushes on the bush as it can feed. If the brushes are too large, even parts of them have to be pinched off so that the bush does not become overloaded with the harvest.
We'll have to remove some of the leaves shading the bunches - this is closer to the ripening time of the berries. It is desirable that the bunches are illuminated by the sun: then the berries will be sweeter and ripen earlier.
It is imperative to pinch the tops of fruiting shoots on 8 leaves from a bunch on female varieties, and on 4-5 leaves on bisexual varieties. This stimulates the pouring of berries and removes the thickening of the bush. (In bisexual grapes, the stamens are straightened up, in the female they are small and bent down - this must be remembered in order to know what type of bush you have.) In general, grapes are pinched when the tops of the shoot are bent, i.e. the shoot is growing. Some growers believe that it is necessary to pinch non-growing shoots.
When the berries reach the size of a pea, it becomes clear how successful the pollination was. At this time, you need to hurry to remove poorly pollinated brushes so that the plant does not waste energy on growing defective brushes. On some varieties, on the contrary, pollination was successful, and the berries in the brush are too densely arranged, preventing each other from growing fully. You will have to take scissors and cut off excess berries in order to thin out the brush so that the remaining berries are well ventilated and do not get rotten. The work is unpleasant, but the berries will grow larger.
While the berries are being poured, the greenery continues to grow rapidly. All unnecessary things have to be deleted here all the time. To find these extra shoots, the growing shoots are distributed over the trellis at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other. Anything that does not fit is mercilessly removed. Weak shoots are also removed.
The shoots are especially nimble, growing at high speed, you have to slow down by pinching the tops of them. Remaining useful shoots must be tied up as they grow, because they are very brittle.
In general, shoots left for replacement need not be pinched: such shoots, as experience shows, ripen better, although they grow several meters in height. Of course, not the entire shoot ripens, but only its lower part, which we will leave for the winter. Many gardeners who grow grapes in greenhouses still pinch these shoots, leaving 1.5-2.5 m in length. It is believed that the bush in this case will have more strength for the harvest. And such shoots will take up less space in the greenhouse.
Watering and feeding the bushes in July is required. Bushes require a lot of nutrition when pouring berries, and they need to be helped by feeding. After flowering, they are fed with nitrofoskoy - 2 tbsp. spoons in a bucket of water. When the berries reach the size of a pea, they feed them with whatever they can. Basically, these are phosphorus-potassium supplements. Often they use the usual azofoska - 2 tbsp. spoons in a bucket of water. They are fed after watering. Many praise the feeding with ash, from which the berries become sweeter: 1 liter of ash is poured with water, insisted for 2 days, and 1 liter of infusion is used for feeding in a bucket of water. Or, 2 liters of ash are insisted in 8 liters of water for a day, stirring, they are allowed to settle, filtered and used as follows: for root dressings - 1 liter per 10 liters of water, for foliar applications - 0.5 liters per 10 liters of water. Such feeding with ash accelerates the ripening of grapes. They are usually applied when the berries are starting to ripen.
Often there is enough nutrition in the soil, but in the depths its temperature is low, and it is difficult for the plant to get food from there. So in the cold summer foliar feeding very helpful. Here they give top dressing as complete mineral fertilizer and microelements.