Amateur and professional gardeners Special attention are given to such an important process as the propagation of clematis by cuttings. It is this method that makes it possible to obtain several more copies of your favorite plant variety. The process is quite easy and fast, if you take into account some important points and advice. When the cuttings are successful, beautiful young clematis grow.
Reproduction of clematis by cuttings at different times of the year
Obtaining new clematis bushes can be carried out all year round: in spring and autumn, winter and summer.
Cutting clematis in autumn
At autumn pruning clematis, well-ripened and long shoots (about a meter in length) are selected. They must be twisted into a ring and buried in loose, moist soil (about 10 centimeters). This part of the soil will crust over after a while. Once this has happened, dust the clematis with a layer of foliage.
By the end of summer, a young clematis bush will grow. It is important to ensure that the earth does not dry out.
Attention needed temperature regime for the plant to take well.
Winter cuttings of clematis
For winter cuttings, the use of woody branches is characteristic. This is necessary in order to increase the chance of survival of cuttings in a cold winter period when sunlight contains fewer nutrients.
The stalk should be small (less than twenty centimeters) so that it is convenient to make a small greenhouse for it. This will provide the young plant with warmth and moderate moisture.
Cuttings are less likely to be accepted and require more care.
Reproduction of clematis cuttings in spring
To get cuttings, you need to cut off a shoot from the bush with a length of at least 70 centimeters. The upper part of the branch is not needed, since this is the unripe part of the shoot, the buds are not laid in the axils of the leaves here.
It is best to take cuttings from the middle part, which do not have large green shoots.
When cutting the cuttings, about 7 centimeters are left. After that, the cuttings are placed in a solution of heteroauxin or root for half an hour. This stimulates the emergence of the root system. This makes clematis propagation by cuttings more efficient.
The earth can be loosened, humus can be added, so that the earth is fertile and soft. A groove is created, spilled with water. After the water is partially absorbed, the hole is partially covered with earth. Cuttings are inserted there up to the very sprouts.
How to properly cut clematis cuttings:
- Use a sharp knife. can crush and damage delicate, thin twigs. Sharp knife will not spoil the cuttings.
- Cut at a 45 degree angle. You need to cut the shoot obliquely, ideally, at an angle of 45 degrees. With the help of such pruning, the area of root appearance is increased.
- Pull back 1.5 centimeters. For a successful cut of cuttings, you need to retreat 1.2 - 2 centimeters from the nodule.
Cuttings are well accepted from both old and young shrubs.
How clematis reproduces by cuttings in summer
Reproduction of this plant is very simple. There is no need to use additional materials.
When grafting, you should cut off half or a third of the leaf, since it is in the summer that large leaves bloom at clematis.
A video about cutting clematis in the summer will tell you many important points that you should listen to and see with your own eyes. The video contains many tips for proper plant care. There are especially many nuances during summer period... It is necessary to ensure that the cuttings do not dry out, like the earth in which they are located. 
Cuttings are going well. By the next season, young and beautiful clematis grow.
Reproduction of clematis by cuttings in water
This method follows a similar principle.
Several important factors that prevent possible mistakes(rotting cuttings):
- Clean container. It is very important that the container in which the cuttings will grow is perfectly clean. it main mistake, after which the cuttings deteriorate and rot.
- Quality cut. A smooth and neat cut is a guarantee of a well-developing root system. A bad cut can ruin the plant.
A sharp tool is used for work.
If you are interested in the question of how to grow clematis from a cuttings, then there is one good advice.
When rooting, plants secrete a liquid that contains natural root-forming substances. If the gardener has grown cuttings in water before, then it is good to add liquid from previous cuttings to new plants. This reduces the time for the formation of kalyus and the first grooves of the roots.
As soon as the grooves of the roots have appeared, the plant can be transplanted into the ground, or you can wait until a full-fledged root grows.
The stalk is transplanted into a small container, which must be covered with something on top to create an airtight package. You can take a bottle, cut it into two parts, in one of which you plant a stalk, and on the second you make small cuts from the bottom (thanks to this you can combine the bottles with each other). This is how clematis propagates by cuttings in water.
A small depression is made in the ground (you do not need to stick the cutting directly into the ground, so as not to damage the kalyus), where the clematis is then placed.
It is advisable to keep the plant at a temperature of 22 ° C, since at a lower temperature the roots either do not grow at all, or grow slowly.
Reproduction of clematis by layering
Among gardeners, a favorite way to increase the number of plants is to propagate clematis by layering. Unlike grafting, this method gives one hundred percent results, requires less effort.
A twig is taken, part of which is buried in the ground (attached with a hairpin or other fastener so that it does not fly away).
This method is good because the mother branch will feed the bush with fashion until it gets strong enough to become independent. From the mother, the cuttings receive all the necessary nutrients, trace elements. But this does not mean that the bush itself does not need to be fertilized. He needs the same care as his brothers: sufficient watering and good feeding.
Reproduction of clematis by green cuttings has several important features... This method is considered to be quite simple. Even a novice gardener can handle it, but despite this experienced gardeners also prefer to breed clematis cuttings.
This method has several advantages:
- Low cost. With the help of cuttings, you can grow a new plant completely free of charge. Seeing a beautiful clematis from a neighbor or friend, you can ask him for a cutting. Then you will be able to grow exactly the same plant at home. At the same time, saving both time and money.
- Quantity and quality. Taking cuttings good varieties, you will grow a plant identical to those from which the fence was taken. At correct cultivation cuttings, you can grow a whole garden without buying a single bush or flower.
When propagated by green cuttings after spring pruning plants need to leave more shoots with vegetative buds. Cuttings are carried out in spring and early summer, during the period of active growth and budding. Shoots should be cut off completely, leaving 1-3 knots with a pair of buds. The younger (upper) section of the shoot is used for grafting, but it is better to cut the middle part into cuttings. The generative zone (with buds) is not suitable, since there are practically no vegetative buds on it or they are poorly developed.
Cuttings are taken from well-developed healthy young plants, which are carefully cared for, and no more than a third of the shoots are removed from one bush. After that, the mother plant must be fed with full mineral fertilizer. In order for the cuttings to root better, it is recommended to carry out foliar feeding before removing them.
Shoots are cut so that each stalk has one knot, but if internodes are shorter than 4-5 cm, then two are left, removing the lower leaves. The upper straight cut is made at a height of 1.5-2 cm above the knot (the lower one should be oblique). Leaves are trimmed 1/3 or 1/2, depending on size.
A good substrate for rooting cuttings is a mixture of peat and sand (2: 1 or 1: 1), which is recommended to be disinfected beforehand. The cutting unit is buried into the substrate by 2-3 mm. The formation of roots is facilitated by the constant moisture of the substrate, high humidity air, temperature within 18-22 ° С, regular ventilation. The cuttings take root in about 1-2 months, depending on the variety. In the first year after planting, stem growth should be limited and flowering should not be allowed.
Cuttings of those varieties and forms of clematis that take root well and quickly are planted at once in 1-2 pieces in plastic bags or pots with a substrate and put in a greenhouse. The dropout in this case is no more than 20%.
If the cuttings are planted in a greenhouse or greenhouse, then the distance between them in a row should be at least 5-8 cm, and between rows - 10-12 cm. The plantings are shaded, sprayed 2-3 times a day, periodically watered and weeded. If the treatment with growth regulators was not carried out, then for better rooting during the first watering, heteroauxin is added to the water (1 tablet per 10 l of water).
In autumn, the greenhouse is insulated: covered with sawdust (dry leaf), covered with tar paper and covered with frames to protect it from freezing. In the spring, the rooted plants are carefully dug up and transplanted into containers or on a plot. The root system develops much better if the plants are planted in plastic bags or small pots.
For the southern regions of Russia, a production method has been developed for vegetative propagation of large-flowered clematis in open ground in conditions of artificial intermittent fog. First of all, you need a pure-bred mother plant, from which you can remove cuttings in the 3-4th year after planting in a permanent place. With good agricultural technology, 4-5-year-old bushes have 15 to 40 shoots, each of which will produce 6-10 cuttings with one node. Using these data, you can roughly calculate the productivity of the mother liquor, which will vary depending on the variety, growing region, care.
In agricultural technology of mother plants great importance has a system of soil processing and fertilization. On the toga, frequent watering is needed, followed by cultivation of row spacings and loosening in rows. During the growing season, it is necessary to carry out at least 8 waterings and 3-4 dressings. Protective measures include a complex of sanitary and prophylactic and chemical treatments aimed mainly against fungal diseases.
The timing of cuttings is strictly linked to the state of the shoots. In the south, green cuttings begin during the budding period, that is, around May-early June (In more northern regions, cuttings are carried out in Eton-early July.). A shoot is considered ready for grafting if it is elastic and does not break when bent.
For rooting in the ridges, a two-layer substrate is required: the upper layer (2-3 cm) is sand, the lower one (15-20 cm) is a mixture of sand, chernozem and peat (neutral or slightly acidic) in equal amounts.
When using cuttings, the use of synthetic growth regulators gives positive results. According to our data, the most effective drug was a-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) at a concentration of 12.5 mg / l with an exposure time of 16 hours. A good effect was obtained by treating the cuttings before planting with p-indolylbutyric acid (3-indoleacetic acid or heteroauxin. In addition, sodium humate (3 g per 0.5 l of water), succinic acid (2 g per 0.5 l water), etc. However, good results are obtained without the use of growth regulators.
V southern regions Starting in spring, cuttings can be rooted in open ground, in ridges equipped with fog-generating installations, which give artificial intermittent fog. Rooting lasts 20-30 days. With spring cuttings, plants with a powerful root system (15-30 roots for each specimen) and a well-developed aerial part are formed by the end of the growing season.
Growing requires another growing season. It is best to plant rooted cuttings in bags of plastic film(20-25 cm high, 9-10 cm in diameter) with fertile soil. This ensures good development of plants and allows them to be realized at any time of the year. Packages with clematis are installed in a greenhouse, mulched on top with a continuous layer (4-5 cm) of sawdust and watered abundantly. In spring (March-April) young shoots grow together and are used for green propagation. In this case, a very high rooting rate is achieved. After the growth of new shoots, the seedlings are planted in a permanent place or sold.
The most promising for mass propagation using green cuttings were the following varieties: "Luther Burbank", "Metamorphosis", "Nezhdanny", "Elegy", "Blue Rain", "Duran" (rooting rate of cuttings - 81-100%); "Alyonushka", "Biryuzinka", "Cosmic Melody", "Moonlight", "Nikolai Rubtsov", " Blue flame"," Lilac Star "," Alexandrite "," Nikitsky Pink "," Ballerina "," Cosette "," Serenade of the Crimea "," Anastasia Anisimova "," Memory of the Heart "," Gray Bird "(61-80%); "Crimean Wave", "Sadko", "Victory Salute", "Glory", "Fantasy", "Ai-Nor", "Dawn", "Hope", "The Seagull", "Gipsy Queen", "Ville de Lyon" (41-60%).
For middle lane of interest is the method developed in the Central Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for green cuttings of clematis in greenhouses and greenhouses. Cuttings 4-5 cm long with one knot are cut from April to June. The substrate is made up of coarse river sand, fine gravel, perlite, peat (neutral), light earth mixed with river sand. Cuttings are planted in a moist substrate under a peg, 3-4 cm in a row and 7-8 cm between rows. Watered once every 7-10 days, sprayed 2-3 (in the heat 4-5) times a day. With this method of planting, the cuttings root well and are ready for transplanting in 2-2.5 months.
For more northern regions, a promising breeding method developed in the Central Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of Belarus is of interest. Rooting of green cuttings (7-8 cm long with one knot), which are removed from May to the end of June, is carried out in a greenhouse (in boxes) or in film greenhouses under conditions of artificial intermittent fog. Rooted in a two-layer substrate: the top layer is coarse river sand, fine gravel or perlite (4 cm), lower (15-20 cm) - a mixture of sand, black soil and neutral peat in equal amounts. To stimulate root formation, p-indolylbutyric, P-indoleacetic, para-aminobenzoic or humic acids are used. Their use increases the rooting rate by 1.5-2 times compared to the control (untreated material). Cuttings are planted obliquely at a distance of 4-5 cm from each other, between rows - 10-12 cm. After planting, watered abundantly. The substrate should not be waterlogged. The temperature is maintained within the range of 18-20 ° C at high air humidity (85-90%). In this case, the cuttings root well and by the end of summer they develop a powerful root system and a few shoots.
A high percentage of rooting (60-85%) was obtained for such varieties as "Anastasia Anisimova", "Openwork", "Ballerina", "Biryuzinka", "Ville de Lyon", "Zhakmana", "Ernst Markhem", "Cosmic Melody "," Lawson "," Luther Burbank "," Mephistopheles "," Hope "," Sputnik "," Souvenir "," Gray Bird "," Triumph "," Seagull "," Yalta Etude ", etc.
Latvian clematis breeders (V. Riekstina, I. Rieksinip) recommend planting cuttings in boxes (in greenhouses or hotbeds) with a substrate of the following composition: the bottom layer (about 20-30 cm) - humus or compost, the top (4-5 cm) - river sand, a mixture of sand with high-moor peat in equal parts or perlite. The relative humidity of the air must be at least 85-90%, for which the boxes are covered with glass or foil. The air temperature is within 22-25 ° (not higher than 30 °). So that the plantings do not overheat, they are covered from the sun, however, it should be remembered that good lighting contributes to the formation of a powerful root system. Rooting lasts about 1.5-2 months, after which the plants are gradually accustomed to fresh air and sunlight.
For the northern and northwestern regions of the country, the Japanese method of breeding large-flowered clematis in greenhouses, tested in the St. Petersburg association "Flowers", is also promising. The essence of the method is as follows. From a cuttings rooted last summer in a greenhouse or greenhouse, a plant develops in spring, from which, in turn, cuttings are taken for propagation. Of those left 2-3 lower nodes new shoots grow, forming a specimen, which can be sold next year. This method does not require the maintenance of special queen cells. In the southern regions, the Japanese technique can be used to propagate clematis outdoors.
In the south, when breeding clematis, lignified cuttings are also used, which are planted in greenhouse racks, usually during November-December or early spring in open ground... Small-flowered varieties are more suitable for mass reproduction in this way - "Spray of the Sea", "Zvezdograd", "Fargesioides" (breeding of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden), "Alexander", "Wilson", "Juiniana" (foreign breeding) and species that do not tie or almost not setting seeds, for example, mountain clematis, prostrate, mustachioed, Balearic. If the varieties and species take root poorly, then they should be grafted on the roots, propagated by dividing the bush or layering.
M. BESKARAVAYNAYA "KLEMATISY: GREEN SHEARING" // "Floriculture" - 2000 - №1.
How to propagate clematisSeeds propagate clematis species that grow in nature. They can be divided into two groups. Clematis with small seeds enclosed in 3x1.5 mm fruits (virgin, vine-leaved, mountainous, etc.) germinate relatively quickly. When sown in late April - May, seedlings appear in May - June. The seeds of these clematis can be sown directly into open ground.
Other clematis (for example, burning, paniculate) form more large fruits(up to 10x8 mm), and the seeds in them are larger. They take longer to germinate (120 days) and therefore need stratification before sowing. To do this, immediately after harvesting in October, the seeds are mixed with sand in a ratio of 1: 3.
The mixture is moistened and taken out under the snow or placed in a refrigerator, where it is kept at a temperature of about 5 ° C. This technique shortens the germination time to 70 days.
After stratification for 2-2.5 months, clematis seeds are sown in pots or boxes with a mixture of fertile soil and sand in a 2: 1 ratio. The crops are rolled in, covered with sand (layer 0.5 cm), rolled again, watered, covered with foil and left in a warm room. When shoots appear, the film is removed. After the formation of 2-3 pairs of leaves, they are transplanted into separate pots.
In early June, they are planted for growing in open ground, deepening the root collar by 2-3 cm.
Seedlings are planted in a nutrient mixture consisting of humus, leafy soil, sand and peat in a ratio of 1: 1: 0.5: 0.5. In the same soil mixture at the end of May, rapidly germinating small seeds are sown.
When 2-3 leaves are formed, they are thinned out, leaving 5 cm between the plants. Clematis seedlings are immediately planted after 5 cm, leaving 25-30 between the rows. Shade after landing.
Further care is the same for both transplanted seedlings from pots and seeds sown on the garden bed. Water when the topsoil dries up. After the formation of 5-7 pairs of leaves, the aisles are mulched with semi-rotted manure, sprinkled with peat (layer up to 3 cm).
They are planted in a permanent place next fall or spring after overwintering. When transplanting, the root collar is deepened by 5-10 cm. By winter, the plants are cut and spud, then covered with snow. At seed reproduction after 2-3 years you can admire the flowering vines.
Clematis reproduce in two main ways. it vegetative propagation and seed.
For propagation of hybrid clematis with large flowers the seed method is not suitable, because the grown plants do not have the properties and characteristics intended for them initially. Clematis with small flowers are propagated by seed.
The most simple and in an accessible way reproduction of clematis is the division of the bushes. The bushes are divided in the 5th or 6th year after planting, in spring or autumn. The bush is dug up and divided into several parts. After that, each part is planted according to all planting rules.
If the bush is very large, it is undermined on one side and parts of the plant with the root are separated with a shovel.
The advantage of this method is that clematis bloom very quickly. But there are also disadvantages: diseases are transmitted to new seedlings, and in some cases, the bushes do not take root well due to the fact that the balance of the root system and shoots is disturbed.
Another way to breed clematis is by layering. For this, grooves are dug from the bush into which they fit side shoots, after which they are pressed by the brackets of their wire and covered with soil and peat. After a year, the shoots take root and are subject to self-planting.
The advantages of this method are that the new plant has all the qualities of a mother bush, including its decorative flowering. And from disadvantages - transfer diseases and the lack of the possibility of using it for industrial purposes.
Reproduction of clematis by cuttings
To receive a large number seedling, gardeners use the method of cutting clematis.
Cutting clematis
occurs in winter, spring and summer.
For this method, green or lignified cuttings are used. For good results, growth stimulants such as heteroauxin or anaphthylacetic acid, or root or epin are used. During the process of cuttings, it is necessary to maintain a certain humidity of the air, and the temperature should be at least 10 degrees and not higher than 20. Cuttings root very well during the operation of the fogging apparatus. Cuttings should be protected from overheating, direct sunlight, drying out and high humidity.
The main advantage of this method is to obtain healthy seedlings that develop on their own root system.
Reproduction of clematis by seeds
To begin with, the seeds are sorted, large seeds are selected and sown in the fall, as soon as they are harvested, or in the spring, after stratification for 2.5-3 months at a temperature of 0-5 ° C. If sowing is carried out in seedling boxes or pots, then the earthen mixture should contain from 30 to 50% sand. Seeds are not thickly poured onto the earthen mixture and sprinkled with a layer of sand, the sand is crushed. Comfortable temperature for germination is 25-30 ° C.
Seedlings of clematis need timely watering, but if the sowing is done in the ground, then in weeding. After germination, the seedlings need to be provided with good lighting, thermal conditions and good humidity, but they must be protected from direct sunlight. After the appearance of the first true leaves, the plants need a pick. The pick is made on beds with light soil, in shade, the distance between clematis should be about 15-20 cm. As the shoots grow, they should be pinched, this contributes to the growth of the root mass and good branching of the plant.
In autumn, the grown seedlings are covered, and with the onset of spring, they need to grow. To do this, they are transplanted into a prepared trench to a depth of 5-7 cm, at a distance of 40-50 cm between plants. Shoots should be shortened to 2-3 knots. For 2-3 years after sowing, clematis are ready for planting in a permanent place, planting is done after the first flowering.
Clematis is a fairly young garden culture that is rapidly gaining popularity among gardeners. It's pretty unpretentious plant... With proper care, it can delight with its flowering until late autumn. Clematis include many different varieties. Such plants are ideal for decorating gazebos or pergolas in a summer cottage.
Sooner or later, every gardener begins to wonder about increasing the number of plants. How to propagate? bred most often. This method most popular.
Consider all existing options how to propagate clematis:
Cuttings;
... dividing the bush;
... layering.
Method number 1: how to propagate by cuttings
Clematis, from which the cuttings will be cut, must be healthy, otherwise the transplanted processes will also hurt and may simply not take root in a new place. Cuttings are best cut during the period when buds begin to form.
Usually, shoots are separated, which are then cut into cuttings: it is enough for them to have one bud. For fast rooting, it is advisable to use special preparations.
Method number 2: how to propagate by dividing the bush
Unlike the plant used in the first method (how to propagate by cuttings), clematis, which is cultivated by dividing the bush, should be between 4 and 6 years old. Plants that more years, it will be very difficult to divide due to the powerful root system.
The transplant is carried out in the fall or spring. Old bush dug out, divided into several parts and planted in new places. You can dig in the bush partially and separate the necessary part with the roots.
Method number 3: how to propagate by layering
Not a laborious way of breeding clematis at all. In the spring (you can also use this option in the fall), small grooves are dug from the bush up to 10 cm deep. Side shoots are laid in them, fixed in the ground and sprinkled with earth. It is advisable to water the layers abundantly. And in no case should the plants dry out during the hot period. You can transplant new clematis to a permanent place in a year.
Some types of clematis can be propagated by seed. This method is relevant for small-flowered species. Varietal large-flowered hybrids are not propagated by seeds, because new seedlings do not retain the properties of the parent plant. Therefore, clematis is most often propagated by green cuttings.
Despite the fact that these flowers have become popular in Russia relatively recently, they are winning every day. great love among gardeners. And this is not surprising. Ease of care and the extraordinary beauty of flowers plus unpretentiousness, the plant's adaptability to withstand the harsh Russian winters make clematis more and more popular every year, especially since the bushes do not require transplanting and can grow in one place for up to 30 years.
And if the question arose "how to propagate", it is very simple to breed clematis cuttings with cuttings, as we found out. And if friends or neighbors smell bright colors such a wonderful flower, then maybe we should ask them for a small shoot?
Many summer residents choose clematis for landscaping their garden plots. These perennial vines bloom beautifully throughout summer season and unpretentious to growing conditions. Since clematis seedlings are expensive, many experienced gardeners prefer to propagate this plant on their own. There are several effective ways to get a young plant: grow from seeds, use cuttings, dividing a bush, or propagate a vine by layering.
- 1. Cuttings are cut from the middle part of the shoot, cutting it off above the first or second leaf.
- 2. Cut off the shoot is divided into parts. The lower cut is made at an angle at a distance of 4–6 cm from the node. The top cut should run perpendicular to the shoot 2 cm above the knot.
- 3. Large leaves are cut in half to reduce moisture evaporation.
- 4. To accelerate rooting, the cutting is treated with special preparations. To do this, use "Heteroauxin" or "Kornevin", placing the bottom third of the cuttings in the prepared solution for 10-12 hours.
- 5. Before planting in the ground, they are rinsed with running water.
- for the winter, boxes with cuttings are covered with foil and placed in a cool room;
- with the onset of spring, the plants are moved to the greenhouse and gradually increase the air temperature to +20 degrees;
- watering is carried out as the soil dries out;
- when the length of the shoots reaches 10 cm, they are pinched over the second node to accelerate rooting;
- after 3 months, feed with complex mineral fertilizers;
- for the winter, the cuttings are left in a greenhouse, covered with peat and covered with a film;
- in spring, young plants are planted in a garden bed, and in autumn they are transplanted to a permanent place.
- 1. Near the base of the bush, make a groove with a depth of 7 to 10 cm.
- 2. A strong young shoot is placed in the groove. You can bury only one node or bury the entire shoot horizontally.
- 3. The nodes on the shoot are carefully sprinkled with soil. In this case, the leaves should remain at the top.
- 4. Fix the shoots in the ground using special brackets.
- 5. Water the rooting sites abundantly.
- 1. Dig in the parent bush from all sides and carefully remove it from the ground.
- 2. Divide the plant into parts with a sharp hacksaw or shovel. Each section should have its own root system and shoots.
- 3. Sections are dried and powdered with crushed activated carbon.
- 4. Dig planting holes and water them well. Separated bushes are planted in the prepared pits, deepening them a little more than the parent bush was buried before.
- 5. The soil around the plant is mulched and watered as the soil dries.
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Description of the plant
Clematis is a perennial vine from the Buttercup family. For the unpleasant aroma of flowers, the people call this plant clematis. With age, the liana, the length of which can be up to 10 m, becomes lignified. This usually occurs in the third year of life. There are also herbaceous forms of clematis, the length of the shoots of which does not exceed 40 cm. Another variety is the shrub form of the plant. In this case, the shoots grow up to 140 cm in length.
The homeland of this plant is countries with a subtropical climate, but now it is successfully grown in European countries... Thanks to breeding work more than 300 varieties have been bred, which are successfully grown in Russia.
Clematis
Clematis flowers can be of different colors. Moreover, the shade depends not only on the variety, but also on the climatic characteristics of the region, chemical composition soil and the degree of illumination of the plant. Early varieties vines begin to bloom in June, late bloom towards the end of summer. Depending on the variety, simple or double flowers of various shapes sit on the stems one by one or form lush inflorescences. The flowering period lasts from one to three weeks.
Reproduction methods
On his personal plot propagating clematis is easy. Subject to all the rules, the procedure can be carried out even by an inexperienced florist. There are two main ways of reproduction of this plant: seed and vegetative.
When breeding modest species clematis, for example, paniculate, Virginia woolly, Tangut, purple or white, you can use seed cultivation... Whereas hybrid varieties the seed method will not work. In this case, varietal characteristics are not preserved in young plants. For propagation of hybrids, only vegetative propagation is applicable: cuttings, layering or dividing the bush.
How to grow clematis from seeds?
The seed method of growing clematis is used if there is a need to improve the species quality of a variety or to obtain new varieties. Depending on the variety, the seeds can be different sizes and with different terms germination. Seedlings from small seeds appear very quickly, large ones germinate much longer.
Clematis seeds
Clematis seeds can be bought at a specialty store or collected by yourself. You can determine the period of their ripening by the fruits of clematis. If it crumbles when touched, the seeds are ripe and suitable for germination. They can be planted directly into the ground or planted at home in seedling boxes.
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Planting seeds at home
On condition home cultivation seeds of clematis are sown in the fall. Then, during the winter, young plants will grow and develop, and with the onset of spring they can be transplanted into the garden. Before planting, the seed must be stratified to strengthen future seedlings and increase immunity. To this end, the seeds are placed in the refrigerator on the lower shelf, where they must lie for three weeks.
Planting is carried out in soil, consisting of an equal amount of garden soil, sand and humus. Seeds are planted to a depth of twice their size. A small layer of sand is laid on top and the soil is slightly compacted. Depending on the size of the seeds, the first shoots can be expected from three weeks to three months. During this time, it is important to keep the soil moist, but not flood it with water.
Further care for the seedlings consists in timely watering and weeding. At first, immature sprouts should be kept away from direct sunlight. After the appearance of the first pair of leaves, the seedlings can be dived into separate pots, and in the spring, with the onset of heat, transplanted into open ground.
How to plant seeds in the ground?
Most often, clematis seeds are sown directly into the ground. This allows for more hardy plants that develop quickly. When planting clematis in the spring for large and medium-sized seeds, stratification must be carried out by keeping them in the refrigerator for at least three months. Before planting, the material is kept for three days in warm water changing it daily. Small seeds can be sown immediately. Planting is carried out at the end of April, then the first shoots appear in a month and a half.
It is much easier to plant large and medium-sized seeds from the fall in the garden. In this case, natural stratification occurs, and in the spring the first friendly shoots appear. For the winter, be sure to close the garden bed with straw and foil or in any other available way.
When grown by seed, small-flowered clematis bloom in the second year. The rest of the varieties bloom only in the third or fourth year of life. After the end of the first flowering period, young clematis are transplanted to their permanent place.
Propagation by green cuttings
Reproduction of clematis with green cuttings is considered a long and difficult process, but it gives very good results. Young plants grown in this way take root in 60–95% of cases. The best time for cutting cuttings occurs during the budding period before the first flowers appear. The branches harvested during this period are distinguished by their vitality and root well.
Harvesting green clematis cuttings
Cuttings are harvested in the evening or in cloudy weather to avoid dehydration.
Correct material preparation:
For rooting, cuttings must be placed under a film. This can be done in a greenhouse, greenhouse, or in an ordinary flower pot covering it plastic bag... For planting, use soil mixed from an equal amount of peat and sand. The stalk is placed in the ground so that the knot is deepened by 1 cm. The cuttings are planted in a row, keeping a distance of 5 cm between them.The spacing between individual rows should be 10 cm.
For successful rooting, it is recommended to create diffused lighting. To do this, put a thin cloth under the film. white... It is good to use gauze for this purpose. If the cuttings are covered with glass, then they are applied to it thin layer white paint.
In the first month after planting, care for the cuttings consists of daily watering, then the frequency of irrigation is gradually reduced and brought to once every 2 weeks. Clematis prefer high humidity, for which they are daily sprayed and kept at temperatures from +18 to +22 degrees. Zircon solution is used for spraying once a week.
At proper care rooting of cuttings takes 50 to 60 days. After that, young plants are gradually accustomed to open air, removing the shelter for a short time. When the seedlings get stronger, the film is removed completely. For the winter, the seedlings are covered with peat or covered with sawdust, and on top with fallen leaves. In the spring, picking of seedlings is carried out, and in the fall, the plants are transplanted to a permanent place.
Lignified cuttings
This method is good for small-flowered and species clematis. The rooting success in this case is 60%. Cuttings are cut in the first half of August using shoots 7 to 10 cm long with one or two nodes. For successful rooting, the cuttings are placed in a solution of a root formation stimulator for a day.
If a highly lignified shoot is used for cuttings, it is recommended to split it lengthwise into two parts. This greatly increases the likelihood of success.
Planting is carried out in boxes with moistened soil. The cuttings are placed at an inclination of 45 degrees, deepening upper part 1 cm, and the bottom 3 cm.
V further care for seedlings is as follows:
Layers
Rooting cuttings is very simple and effective way reproduction, allowing you to get a strong plant, quickly reaching decorative and flowering. In this case, the procedure for dividing the bush, traumatic for the mother plant, is not required. This method is standard for all vines. Rooting of cuttings is carried out depending on climatic conditions: in the Urals or Siberia, it is recommended to do this at the beginning of summer, and in the Moscow region, rooting is carried out at the end of spring.
The order of reproduction by layering is as follows:
Reproduction of clematis by layering
Then, during the summer, it is necessary to keep the soil in the places of rooting in a wet state and to carry out 2-3 additional fertilizing with complex mineral fertilizers. Although the rooting of the cuttings occurs by the fall, young plants are not separated from the mother until the next year. The development of new shoots from the nodes begins in the spring, during the summer they are fed twice and ensured regular watering. Separation from the mother bush can be carried out only at the beginning of autumn or generally postponed for another year.
Transplanting young plants can be done in the spring or let them develop a good root system to get strong vines that do not require growing. The transplant is carried out in pre-prepared pits, observing the basic rules. Although young plants form buds already in the first year after transplanting to a permanent place, they are not allowed to bloom for better rooting and better preparation for wintering.
Dividing the bush
Adults strongly overgrown clematis should be propagated by dividing the bush. The procedure is best done in late August or spring. In August, the shoots of the plant are almost completely formed, they cannot be injured or broken. But the difficulty during this period is that rooting is not fast enough due to hot weather. Therefore, more often the division of the bush is carried out in the spring, when there is enough time for rooting, and the divisions do not require careful maintenance.
The division of the bush is carried out in this order:
Dividing the clematis bush
If the transplant was carried out in the spring, then at the beginning of July, top dressing is done. At this time, the delenki will almost completely take root. When dividing in the autumn, feeding is not done.
Care of young plants
After planting in a permanent place, caring for young plants consists in timely watering, regular weeding and periodic feeding. It is correct to use humus as a top dressing during this period of plant development. It is systematically necessary to loosen the soil in trunk circle or mulch it with moss or humus.
For the winter period, almost all varieties of clematis must be covered. If this is not done, then the bark of plants due to severe frosts may crack, and if severely damaged, the plant will die. Clematis of frost-resistant varieties do not require shelter or under the condition of a very warm climate in winter in the region.