Growing a cedar tree from nuts
Preparation and stratification of cedar seeds (nuts)
Planting seeds
Planting and caring for seedlings
Cedar crown formation
Propagation of cedar by cuttings
Pollination of a cedar tree
Growing cedar with a ready-made seedling
Siberian cedar is an ornamental plant with tasty fruits. These fruits - pine nuts - are very healthy. How to grow a tree from a small nut? Some hobbyists try to grow cedar from walnut. Growing this coniferous tree requires a lot of skill and knowledge. You can grow a cedar yourself in two ways: from a seedling and a nut.
In our country, cedar has been cultivated for a long time. Many trees are planted by amateur gardeners. Keep in mind when planting that cedar cannot grow in dry places with sandy soil. Cedar reproduces vegetatively, by grafting the cuttings on pine, but the main method is seed propagation (nuts). The plant has to be grown under a protective film, since the newly emerged seedlings are pecked out by crows.
Good results can be obtained by sowing seeds in the fall.
It is necessary to sow the seeds in a prepared place a month before the soil freezes (around the end of September), and then cover them with spruce paws so that the rodents do not eat them. In the spring, the seeds will sprout.
Consider when landing features Siberian cedar:
Cedar grows for a very long time, so even after two hundred years the tree will delight you with delicious nuts.
Preparation and stratification of cedar seeds (nuts)
It is best to bring cedar seeds from low-mountain or lowland areas. Western Siberia... It is best to start growing cedar seeds in the spring, but you need to stratify them first.
There is another way of sowing seeds - in the spring. But for this they need to be stratified:
This is a more scientific way of stratification. Here are some tips from experienced people:
Planting nuts
If you want to sow seeds in the spring, then do it in early May. Sow no more than three hundred grams of seeds per square meter. Cover the seeds three centimeters deep. Be sure to cover the seeds with plastic, if you don't, the birds will pick off all the nuts. The film can be removed only after the shells have fallen off the seedlings. So, after planting, the seeds will sprout.
If the seedlings are too dense, then you need to dive them. The sprouts will look like an arc. Once they appear, dig them up, trim the roots and plant them under a peg. Planting depth should be the same at which they grew before transplanting. You can make a pick of seedlings in the second year after they sprout. If you follow all the agrotechnical subtleties, then after the pick, the seedlings will take root with a probability of 95 percent. After two or three years, wonderful material will turn out and the sprouts can be transplanted to a new place.
You need to plant seedlings immediately in a permanent place.
It must be sufficiently lit. You need to plant cedars at a distance of five meters from each other. You can plant any berry or fruit bushes... You can sow lupines next to cedars - it will serve as a natural fertilizer and will help better development plants. It is great if you water the soil around the tree, adding at the same time as watering mineral fertilizers... In the spring they need to be replaced with organic ones.
Planting and caring for seedlings
Tips for planting cedar seedlings:
Cedar can begin to yield cones from the age of eighteen. When a white bloom appears on young shoots (usually it appears when there is an excess of moisture in the air), be sure to treat the plants with a solution of household soap. Dilute the soap in warm water, beat the lather, then wash the diseased shoots with a sponge or soft cloth.
If you do not carry out this procedure, whiteness will actively develop, and the plants will die. The tree will not die, but it will lose its annual growth. Be sure to apply mineral (autumn) and organic (spring) fertilizers to the soil. This will help the tree develop better.
Cedar crown formation
Be sure to start taking care of the shape of the crown immediately after transplanting. It is best to form "garden forms". The plant will be multi-peaked, spreading and low-pubescent. It is necessary to cut the lower branches to a height of up to two meters in the first ten to fifteen years of the plant's life.
Anoint the cuts with garden varnish so that spores of wood-destroying fungi do not become infected.
Pruning a tree may not be carried out if the late buds on the main shoot are broken out for the first three years after planting a two-year-old seedling. In this case, all the substances nourishing the tree will enter the main bud. In this case, the growth of this shoot will double in six months, and the need to cut the branches of the cedar will disappear. Break out the kidneys better in autumn or in winter.
If the needles are dark green, it means that the cedar has taken root well. An increase of at least five centimeters per year will also be a positive signal.
Propagation of cedar by cuttings
If you liked some form of cedar, for example, this particular plant turned out to be the fastest growing, most beautiful, gave the largest yield, it can be cloned. It is for this that such a form of reproduction is used as propagation by grafting cedar cuttings onto a pine tree. A mature plant will develop from the scion, and after five years cones will appear on such a tree.
Cedar cuttings should be rooted in a special greenhouse in the same way as, for example, spruce cuttings are rooted.
This process is quite difficult. It is quite difficult to propagate cedar vegetatively, and it will not be easy for a non-specialist to cope with such a procedure. Cedar can produce seeds, and this is a wonderful benefit of this plant. Cedar cones begin to form in about nineteen years if the tree is grown from a nut tree.
Pollination of a cedar tree
Cedar is a monoecious plant. In the most illuminated places of the crown, female kidneys are located, and below - male. The tree begins to bloom in early summer. The "female" cones are crimson and seem to be hiding in the needles near the upper bud. The "flowers" of the male are of a raspberry-orange hue, they are collected near the bases of the shoot. After about four days, the flowers turn brown and fall off. The pollen is carried by the wind.
After pollination, female cones close and acquire a green-brown color.
The seeds are fertilized and formed in early autumn. It is because of wind pollination that it is best to have several cedars on the site. To know that the plant will definitely yield a crop, you can pollinate it yourself: shake the pollen from the male "flowers" on a sheet of paper, pour it into a container and put the container in the refrigerator. When you see that the female "flowers" began to open, blow off the pollen on them or apply it to the "flowers" with a soft brush.
Growing cedar with a ready-made seedling
If you don't feel like messing around with the seeds, then you can try to find ready-made seedlings. Yes, they will cost more, but less hassle with them. Try to contact the nearest forestry, where you can buy two-year-old seedlings. Sometimes, if the forestry workers allow it, you can independently dig out cedar seedlings. You need to dig it out carefully, after which it is necessary to moisten the seedlings. Plant the plants the same day. At least dig in the seedlings if it is impossible to plant them.
The most common mistakes:
- Breaking off main roots
- Gross damage
- Drying the roots with prolonged exposure to air
- starch (5.8%);
- dextrins (2.26%);
- glucose (2.83%);
- fiber (2.21%);
- sucrose (0.44%);
- fructose (0.25%);
- tocopherol (33%).
- fats (55 - 66%);
- proteins, starch, sugar and vitamins (13.5 - 20%).
- damage to the skin;
- teeth and the entire oral cavity;
- bronchi and lungs;
- some types of cancer;
- musculoskeletal system;
- of cardio-vascular system;
- endocrine system;
- nervous system;
- gastrointestinal tract.
- Various wounds. To do this, they are poured with Siberian cedar resin or resin is applied to the damaged area.
- Fractures. In this case, the sap is rubbed over the area of damage, it contributes to the rapid healing of bones.
- Boils, ulcers and burns. The resin is first softened and then mixed with neutral oil or petroleum jelly. The resulting mixture is applied to a tampon and applied to a sore spot.
- Herpes (at its early stage). A cotton swab is moistened with a mixture of Siberian cedar resin and any vegetable oil in a ratio of 1: 1 and apply it to the sore spot for 20 - 25 minutes. The procedure should be repeated after four hours.
- Toothache. In this case, it is the sap of the Siberian cedar that helps very quickly. Its use as an anesthetic is very popular nowadays. To do this, you just need to apply the resin to the aching tooth or gum.
- Impotence. Cedar resin (1 teaspoon) is mixed with 0.5 liters of vodka. Then the resulting mixture must be infused for five days in a dark, cool place. The tincture must be shaken periodically. After the required period, it is used in three tablespoons exclusively with meals and preferably twice a day.
- English - chervil,
- German Echter Kerbel or Gartenkerbel,
- fr. - cerfeuil des jardins.
- ordinary,
- curly,
- dark green,
- smooth-leaved,
- double curly.
- Exceptionally young tender greens are used, collected before the flowering of the plant.
- Pay attention to the color of the leaves - they should be evenly colored in a rich green color.
- The leaves should not be damaged.
- The emitted aroma should be delicate and pleasant with hints of anise.
- normalize the work of the gastrointestinal tract;
- normalize heart rate;
- reduce the level of "bad" cholesterol;
- normalize blood pressure;
- improve immunity.
- Biologically active substances that make up chervil greens help to cope with hypertension, to activate metabolic processes in the body.
- Doctors often recommend the use of chervil for diseases of the liver, kidneys, gout, and conjunctivitis.
- A decoction of chervil leaves will help relieve eye fatigue after working day at the computer.
- Chervil infusion will help cleanse the body of toxins, normalize metabolism, which can contribute to active weight loss.
- when preparing soups, broths and other first courses;
- goes well with fried and stewed meat, especially with fatty pork and lamb;
- chervil is added to dairy products: butter and curd paste;
- you can decorate any dish with fresh leaves;
- chopped fresh root of the plant can be added to salads and first courses;
- chervil is one of the main ingredients in Dutch, mushroom and Bernese sauces.
- tarragon,
- parsley,
- various varieties of green onions,
- mint,
- salad greens.
- with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
- normalize metabolism;
- with diseases of the kidneys and liver;
- with gallstone disease;
- for skin diseases: eczema, lichen, dermatoses, furunculosis;
- healing wounds and bruises;
- cleanse the blood, successfully fights bad cholesterol;
- with fatigue, depression, stimulates the brain;
- with gout;
- for colds, has an astringent and expectorant effect;
- activates metabolism;
- tones up;
- helps to remove toxins and toxins from the body;
- boosts immunity.
- as a means of fighting ants, a few branches spread out in the house or in the country will scare off ants;
- in industrial production: alcoholic beverages and meat products.
- in Food Industry in the production of meat products,
- in the production of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.
- Lebanese - is distinguished by the mighty and spreading branches that grow horizontally. The Lebanese cedar looks very unusual, planting and caring for this species are very simple, since it is completely unpretentious to growing conditions. This tree is slow-growing and barely reaches 2 meters by the age of 10.
- Atlas - This species will require a lot of room to grow as it is extremely powerful. By the age of 10, it reaches 3 m in height. After planting, the seedling needs a garter. The branches of the plant are raised up.
- Himalayan - by the age of 10 it grows up to 3 m. The branches are falling drooping type, the top is sticking out.
- Cypriot - originally from the island of Cyprus. The crown is cone-shaped at the beginning of growth, then it develops into a wide-spreading one, in old age it becomes umbellate. IN mature age reaches a height of 40 m.
- Dig up the soil within a 3 meter radius around the planting hole.
- The planting hole should be 40 percent more than the earthen lump of the seedling.
- Dip the roots of the seedling in a creamy clay solution before planting.
- First, fix a peg in the hole, only after that you can place the seedling there. Dig all together with the earth.
- Tie the seedling to the support with twine.
- Water the plant moderately. If there is no rain for 14 days, then you need to continue watering every 2 days.
- Lebanese cedar varieties Nana;
- Atlas cedar varieties Aurea;
- Lebanese cedar of the Sargentii variety;
- Himalayan cedar of the Golden Horizon variety.
One of the mistakes often made by gardeners is planting a plant one by one. Conifers are wind-pollinated, and their pollen is carried from one plant to another. Pollination can also occur inside the crown, but then the seeds can either not set at all, or ripen very small. Be aware that cedar can grow and bear fruit for several centuries. For example, there are cases when cedars grew for four centuries.
The cedar grows fast enough. In a year, he can proper care grow up to forty centimeters in height. If the cedar is grown at home, that is, at a summer cottage, and also provide it suitable conditions, then it will bear fruit every four years, whereas in the wild, due to lack of sunlight, every seven years.
The peak of fruiting occurs in the century of the tree.
From a developed plant, you can collect up to fifteen kilograms of nuts. In cultivated species, the nuts are larger than in wild cedars.
More information can be found in the video.
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Siberian cedar: description, planting and cultivation. What is Siberian cedar resin and what is its application?
It is an evergreen coniferous tree that is a species of the Pine genus. Its botanical name is Siberian cedar pine. This evergreen conifer will require seeds (pine nuts) to grow. It is widespread in Western and Eastern Siberia, and can also be found in the Urals.
Siberian cedar: description, photo
It has a rather dense and most often multi-peaked crown with massive branches. Siberian cedar is distinguished by a brown-gray trunk, which is covered with fissured scaly bark (mainly in old trees). The peculiarity of this evergreen coniferous tree is whorled branching. It has a very short growing season (40 - 45 days a year), so Siberian cedar is one of the slow-growing and shade-tolerant species.
Shoots and needles of Siberian cedar
They are brown in color and covered with long reddish hairs. And the needles are brown and covered with long reddish hairs. And the needles have a dark green color with a bluish bloom. Its length is 6-14 cm. In the section you can see that it is trihedral and slightly serrated. The needles are soft enough to the touch. It grows in bunches of five needles. 
Features of the root system of the Siberian cedar
It is represented by one short tap root (up to 40 - 50 cm), from which smaller lateral ones grow, and root hairs with developing mycorrhiza at the tips already extend from them. If the bud is light in texture and sufficiently well drained, then with a taproot massive anchor roots will develop, which penetrate to a depth of three meters. They, in conjunction with the root paws, are designed to ensure the stability of the crown and trunk of the tree.
Micro- and megastrobiles of Siberian cedar
The considered evergreen coniferous tree is a monoecious heterosexual plant (both female and male cones grow on the same tree). Siberian cedar, a photo of which was demonstrated earlier, is considered an anemophilic plant (pollination occurs through the wind).
Female cones (megastrobilae) appear near the apical bud at the tips of growth shoots during the period when their growth has already stopped, and male cones (microstrobilae) - near the base of the shoot.
The kidneys are tapered. They are 6-10 mm long, not resinous. Their scales are rather long and lanceolate (tapering upward). The anther strobilae on the axis have microsporophylls, which are larger at the base than at the apex, and the female cones have cover scales, which are located in the sinuses and consist of two ovules.
Pharmacological properties of Siberian cedar oil
First, it normalizes the lipid spectrum of the blood. Secondly, Siberian cedar oil reduces cholesterol levels. Thirdly, it helps to get rid of extra pounds. This positive physiological effect is justified by the presence of terpenes (unsaturated hydrocarbons) in the oil.
Siberian cedar: planting and growing
It is recommended to plant it in a permanent place at about the age of six years, when it is already a two-meter seedling. If you take a younger specimen, then the tree here will most likely take root very painfully, and the more mature one may die.
The optimal solution is to take Siberian cedar seedlings from a special nursery, in which they were grown in compliance with all the requirements necessary for this. It is best to give preference to young trees in containers where the root system is closed.
It is worth buying Siberian cedar seedlings with an earthen lump, which must be necessarily moistened and must not have bare roots. To prevent them from drying out, it is necessary to transport the trees as quickly as possible to the immediate place of permanent planting.
The planting of the Siberian cedar is carried out taking into account the appropriate distance between the trees (8 m). The size of the holes should always exceed (by 1/3) the volume of the existing root system, and it is recommended to fill their bottom with a substrate (a mixture of ash, peat, base soil and humus). You should not make the substrate much more fertile than the soil, since the root system young tree will not leave the boundaries of its hole for a very long time. This will lead to the fact that earthworms attract moles, which can cause significant damage to the root system of the cedar.
If the seedlings are purchased in a container, then it is worth remembering that their root system is strongly twisted. In this regard, it is impossible to plant Siberian cedar with an earthen clod. In this case, it is required to properly straighten and arrange the roots in the hole as freely as possible.
The seedlings must be fixed at the bottom of the planting holes so that the root collars are on a level with the ground. Next, you need to fill the wells with a substrate prepared in advance. Then the planting of the Siberian cedar ends with the procedure of compacting the soil and watering it thoroughly (about 4 liters of water for each seedling). 
Features of agricultural technology of Siberian cedar
The specificity of its cultivation is expressed by the need to meet the need for such a substance as potassium, and control over the nitrogen content in the soil, an excess of which can significantly slow down the development of the tree root system.
Siberian cedar, the description of which was described in detail earlier, is capable of fully realizing its biological potential, but only under the condition of normal crown lighting. Only young trees can tolerate shade without harm, since under natural growth conditions in the taiga, mature cedars are constantly exposed to the sun, and young ones - in their shade. In this regard, all other trees in the same area with them should always be lower than mature cedars.
Siberian cedar is characterized by an aerobic root system (for its development, constant access to oxygen is required), therefore, substantial aeration of its soil should be ensured by mulching (covering the soil protective layer). For this, leaf litter (leaf humus) is used, which helps to improve the mineral nutrition of the roots and to protect them from such a type of basidiomycete fungi as root sponge.
Abundant watering of Siberian cedars in dry times is a must. It is also necessary to ensure constant spraying of the crowns of young trees in the evenings to improve the gas exchange process.
What is the use of Siberian cedar seeds
You can often hear their unscientific name, especially in cooking - pine nut. It is considered a very valuable food product. It is customary to use pine nuts both raw and after heat treatment.
Their benefit is in their valuable composition. Pine nuts contain a significant amount of phosphatide phosphorus, which is not found in any other nut or oilseed.
They are also a very rich source of lecithin (they are similar in content to soy).
What are the beneficial substances in pine nuts?
Siberian cedar seeds in an insignificant amount (100 g) contain a daily requirement human body in such deficient trace elements as zinc, cobalt, manganese and copper, as well as a significant amount of iodine.
The following beneficial substances are present in pine nuts:
Protein is saturated with such deficient and essential amino acids that limit its biological value as tryptophan, methionine and lysine.
And its core includes:
What is cedar resin
Its official name is Siberian cedar resin. The phytoncides included in it are widely used in folk medicine... But the official science did not stand aside in the process of studying its action. So, during the Great Patriotic War all doctors used cedar resin as a quick healing agent. Even gangrene could be stopped with her help. Subsequently, the sap of Siberian cedar acquired the status of an effective drug.
It contains turpentine (30%) and rosin (70%). Siberian cedar gum, the use of which is still relevant today, is a highly effective therapeutic agent, since turpentine, and cedar oil, and camphor, and turpentine balsam are obtained from it.
Diseases that are treated with the resin of the coniferous tree in question
Healers use resin to treat:
The use of Siberian cedar resin in folk medicine
Zhivitsa is indispensable in the treatment of:
So, we can say that the sap of Siberian cedar, the use of which is very versatile, is effective as an anesthetic, antibacterial, and healing agent. Her medicinal properties unique and diverse. It has found its application both in folk and scientific medicine. The above list is far from complete.
What other parts of Siberian cedar have healing properties
Not only the resin of this coniferous tree is widely used for medicinal purposes, but also its needles, oil and shells of fresh pine nuts.
So, scurvy is treated with needles, and infusion of fresh pine nuts shells - deafness, nervous disorders, kidney and liver diseases, hemorrhoids, and this broth also relieves excess hairiness.
And pine nut oil is a complete source of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. For this purpose, its daily daily dose should be 20 ml. The oil helps to lower cholesterol and systolic blood pressure, normalize the lipid spectrum of the blood and reduce excess body weight.
If pine nuts are crushed, then they can be used to suppress gastric secretion (decrease gastric juice, decrease its acidity). A small amount of them (100 g) can satisfy the daily requirement of the human body for the necessary vitamin E.
Also, confirmation was obtained of the preventive effect of cedar nut oil with regard to cardiovascular pathology, provided it is added to the diet of the corresponding patients.
Siberian cedar as a unique building material
This tree is unpretentious in processing and has excellent heat and waterproofing. In the construction aspect, Siberian cedar, the photo of which was demonstrated earlier, is similar to pine. It is a natural antiseptic, so it does not rot. Houses built from cedar are durable (hundreds of years), and indoor spaces enriched with phytoncides. Its resin and essential oil have a beneficial effect on the health of the home owner.
Mechanical and physical properties of Siberian cedar
The coniferous tree in question is a sound species and has resin passages. As mentioned earlier, in terms of strength and physical properties, it is close to pine. Siberian cedar has an easy-to-process and softwood... It has a pleasant smell and resonant properties, which makes it a material for the manufacture of guitar, harp and grand piano.
Chervil ( Anthriscus cerefolium) Is a herbaceous annual plant. Belongs to the Umbrella family.
This plant has many names: openwork chervil, French parsley, zhurnitsa, kupyr, kupyr butenelist and snacks. As with other plants, plant names change depending on where it is grown.
Names in other languages:
Appearance
Chervil looks very similar to parsley, but its leaves are openwork carved and slightly smaller in size than that of parsley.
The name "French parsley" is explained not only by the beauty of the leaves, but by the fact that chervil is part of the "garni bouquet" - a must when preparing broths in French cuisine.
Chervil has a delicate smell of anise and notes of tarragon, but the smell is not persistent and quickly disappears during heat treatment.
Chervil root resembles a small carrot white or parsnips. An adult plant has a dense rosette and can reach a height of 60 centimeters. Chervil fruits are two-seed, black with a purple tint. The seeds are similar to Christmas tree needles and remain viable for up to four years.
There are about 20 plant species. It is believed that the name of the species cere folium comes from the fusion of two Greek words: chaire - hello, phyllon - leaf. On such beautiful name the ancient Greeks were inspired by the pleasant scent of grass. The ancient Romans fully supported them and called this herb as well.
The most famous modern variety names:
Where does it grow?
The birthplace of chervil is considered to be the North Caucasus, southern regions Russian Federation and Western Asia... It grows wild throughout Europe, the Middle East, and Rostov region and in the Krasnodar Territory. Chervil is also cultivated in Turkey, Ukraine and Moldova.
How to choose?
It is best to store young chervil greens in a glass in water.
If there is a lot of greenery, you can wrap it in a damp towel and send it to the refrigerator. Greens are not stored for a long time, but if the conditions are met, they can be stored for a week.
The nutritional value
Nutritional and energy value 100 gr. product
Chemical composition
Chervil young greens are rich in phytoncides, minerals, vitamins A and C. Chervil rich in carotenoids is a powerful antioxidant
WITH complete list vitamins and minerals you can find in the table:
Beneficial features
Regular consumption of chervil helps:
Medicinal properties:
You can get acquainted in more detail with all the useful properties of chervil by watching the video from the program "1000 and 1 Scheherazade spice".
In addition to individual intolerance, there are no other contraindications, but care must be taken when collecting a plant. Chervil is very easy to confuse with hemlock - a poisonous and dangerous plant.
Application
Young and juicy greens Chervil is used in cooking, in folk medicine; insects, especially ants, do not like the smell of this herb.
In cooking
This herb is harmoniously combined with dairy products, giving them freshness and great aroma. We bring to your attention a recipe for green aromatic oil, sandwiches with which will be an excellent vitamin start to a new day.
Green oil
You will need a few sprigs of parsley, chervil, and mint.
All herbs must be finely chopped and mixed with butter, lightly salt and add a few drops of lemon juice, all ingredients must be thoroughly mixed.
Wrap the resulting mass with cling film and send to the refrigerator. When a little hardens, it is ready to use.
Curd
To prepare a spicy curd mass, pass the curd through a sieve, salt and pepper, add a few chopped sprigs of mint and chervil. In order for the mass to be more elastic, you can add a little sour cream.
If you like a more piquant taste, you can add a little chervil root grated on a fine grater and a chive of garlic passed through a press to the curd mass.
In the spring, you can make a light and vitamin-rich soup.
You will need: 1 liter chicken broth, 100 gr. sorrel, 1 carrot, 50 gr. green onions, 3 boiled eggs, 10 gr. parsley, chervil and dill, 2 tbsp. spoons of green peas, 2 tbsp. tablespoons of butter.
The sorrel must be rinsed. Bring the broth to a boil until it boils, chop all the greens, and grate the carrots. Heat butter in a frying pan, fry the carrots and sorrel a little in it. Add chopped onions and sorrel with carrots to the boiling broth. Cook for 5-7 minutes over low heat. Grind the eggs and add to the broth. Now put all the remaining herbs in the broth and cook for about 1 minute.
In combination with other herbs and spices, for example, in the “garni bouquet”, chervil, when added to the broth, gives it a sweetish taste and a light aniseed aroma.
Add a little chervil to the mashed potatoes or season the omelet with it to give a new flavor to familiar dishes.
Chervil is especially popular among French chefs, its delicate taste and delicate smell are to the taste of true gourmets. Just keep in mind that it is best to use freshly harvested grass, because dry it loses its useful and organoleptic properties.
Meat sauce
For meat, you can make a sauce with chervil made from eggs, vinegar, sugar, salt, vegetable oil and chervil. This sauce tastes like mayonnaise, but more delicate and spicy.
Chervil works great with other spices and herbs such as:
In medicine
Traditional healers actively use chervil in their recipes. For the preparation of infusions, decoctions and other preparations, leaves, seeds and plant rhizomes are used.
Chervel helps:
Fresh crushed chervil leaves are used to prepare lotions for skin inflammations, lichen, for the healing of wounds and bruises, for the treatment of boils and acne. Also, lotions will be effective in treating arthritis and gout.
Teas and decoctions from chervil leaves help to stimulate metabolic processes in the body, remove toxins and increase immunity.
To prepare an infusion, which will help with kidney and liver diseases, relieve depression and tone the body, pour a glass of boiling water over two tablespoons of dry crushed chervil leaves and leave in a thermos for about an hour.
It is necessary to use the infusion half an hour before meals, a quarter of a glass three to four times a day.
When losing weight
Thanks to its chemical composition chervil will increase immunity and normalize metabolic processes in the body. Daily use of this herb in the spring months will help to actively shed extra pounds, and enrich the body with useful vitamins, minerals and biologically active substances.
Everyone knows that fat, which is deposited not only under the skin, but also on the internal organs of a person and is not burned, produces harmful toxins, provokes the development of diabetes and can activate the development of cancer cells.
Chervil will help fight toxins, it will help cleanse the blood and remove toxins from the body, while exerting a beneficial effect on the liver. In addition, chervil has a mild diuretic effect, which will help remove excess fluid from the body.
For active weight loss, you need to prepare an infusion according to the following recipe. Pour one tablespoon of dry chervil leaves with one glass of boiling water and insist in a thermos for an hour. Strain the infusion.
You need to drink the ready-made infusion throughout the day in equal parts between meals. Preferably one hour before meals or one hour after eating.
In cosmetology
Chervil extract is a part of various creams for problematic face and body skin. Creams have a therapeutic and tonic effect on the epidermis and deep skin.
The juice of the fresh leaves of the plant is an excellent expectorant for colds. Moreover, it will help with inflammation of the lymph nodes.
The cough will stop tormenting you if you add 35 drops of juice to half a glass of warm water and drink before meals. The procedure must be repeated three to four times a day. Chervil juice prepared in this way will not only relieve coughing, but also cleanse the blood and become a strong immunostimulant.
The juice can also be used as a salad dressing.
Essential oil
Chervil aromatic oil is obtained from the seeds of the plant by steam distillation.
The oil has found application:
At home and for therapeutic purposes, the oil should be used with caution, since it is based on methylavicol, a toxic and carcinogenic chemical compound.
Growing
Chervil is an annual plant, does not like waterlogged soils, can grow in the shade, does not require constant care. The plant easily tolerates cold weather, so it can be sown in early spring.
The seeds do not require deep burial, 0.5-1 cm is enough. They are sown according to the principle of planting parsley - according to the 20 by 30 cm scheme.When the grass begins to sprout and young sprouts rise by 7-10 cm, they will need to be thinned out, leaving gaps in 10-15 centimeters between neighboring plants.
After a month you will be able to enjoy fresh and aromatic herbs. The plant can be sown on seeds for the winter, since the seeds ripen three to four months after the plant sprouts.
Seed plants are cut close to the ground and dried seed down. The seeds retain their properties and sowing ability for two to three years.
In Russia, chervil was used not only as a medicinal plant and aromatic seasoning, but also wine was made on its basis. The grass grew wild and was available to everyone.
Cedar: planting and care. How to grow a cedar in the country
A powerful and large cedar tree! Planting and caring for him, despite his parameters, is not at all difficult. The main thing is to find a place for this beauty. Nowadays, the cedar tree has become very popular due to the benefits it brings to humans. To the question of how to grow a cedar, for example, in a summer cottage, there is an answer: breeders have bred dwarf varieties of this tree. Ordinary cedars can reach a height of 30 meters or more, while dwarf cedars barely grow up to 1 meter. They look beautiful both in single landings and in group ones. Himalayan cedar has proven itself as a hedge, it perfectly tolerates a haircut, which allows you to give free rein to your imagination and create a variety of green forms. In addition to providing beauty, this tree also has health benefits.
Since ancient times, it is believed that the cedar is the elixir of youth, it is a symbol of power. Its effect is especially important for men's health and strength. It was also found that this plant is a source of healing energy. If you rest for an hour every day near the evergreen miracle of nature, you can completely get rid of many diseases. So a cedar, planting and caring for which will not give you a lot of trouble, can take its rightful place on your site. This article will help you learn how to grow a beautiful and healthy coniferous tree at home.
Description of cedar
The cedar tree looks great in the country. This evergreen tree will delight its beautiful view... It belongs to the pine family and can live up to 800-1000 years. This long-liver acquires several peaks and a dense crown as it grows.
Old cedars are distinguished by their brown, with a grayish tinge, cracked bark in the form of rough scales. Young shoots of dark brown color with huge amount long red hairs. The needles are dark green soft, growing in bunches of 5 needles, triangular with small notches, in length reaches from 5 to 15 cm.
The cedar is a monoecious plant, both female and male cones grow on it. The female cedar cone is at the end of the shoot, and the male is at the base. Pollination takes place thanks to the wind. Conical buds up to 10 mm long. A ripe cone reaches 15 cm in length and 5-10 cm in width. They are diamond-shaped, have a brown tint. Young buds are egg-shaped and purple in color. Full maturation occurs within 15-16 months. The cedar begins to bear fruit, planting and care of which is carried out according to all the rules, at the age of fifty.
The seeds of the evergreen handsome are large, dark brown ovoid. One cone can ripen from 50 to 150 seeds.
Types of cedar trees
Before you learn how to plant a cedar, you need to familiarize yourself with what species exist in nature and how each of them is characterized, so that you can choose for yourself the best option... In total, the genus of cedar trees includes 4 tall species:
Landing place
Cedar cultivation begins with the selection of a suitable place for the plant. It is recommended to plant a tree where the soil is not too dry and saturated with nutrients. Plants in the neighborhood should be lower than the cedar, as it requires a lot of light as it grows. Trees that have reached the age of 7-8 years can already develop normally further in partial shade.
How to plant a cedar
The very first thing you need to know about is that the cedar seedlings should be at a distance of 7-8 m from each other. important stage work. Care must be taken to ensure that the distance from the tree to the house and nearby buildings is at least 3 m. These distances must be observed so that the powerful root system of the plant does not destroy the foundations of structures over time.
When you have finished with the markings, you can start planting, this is not at all a difficult process. Cedar is not too picky about the soil, and does not require additional bedding. In solid ground, it is recommended to fill up a drainage layer (15-20 cm), consisting of coarse sand or broken brick.
Watering and spraying
When grown in the garden, cedars usually do not need watering. Is that young trees and cedar seedlings are an exception; in dry and hot summers they need to be watered. Watering is required in moderation so as not to form stagnant moisture.
Evergreens also treat dry air calmly. But at the same time, young cedars need to be periodically sprayed on summer days. Thus, you will provide the needles with a rich color.
Cedar care
How to grow a cedar so that it is strong, beautiful and healthy? The answer to this question is simple - you need to properly care for it. While the plant is still young, it grows very slowly, yielding superiority in growth to other conifers and deciduous species. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that small and still weak cedar seedlings do not disappear in the shade and thickets of their faster neighbors. It is necessary to remove the self-seeding of foreign plants in time.
Best of all, the tree will develop in an area open to the sun's rays. An evergreen handsome man does not tolerate an excess of nitrogen, this can lead to the fact that the root system will develop poorly. At the same time, he needs potassium.
Seedlings need mulching, it will keep the roots from frostbite in winter when severe frosts... Every year it is advised to increase the mulch layer, this will contribute to the formation of adventitious roots.
In spring and autumn, the soil circle around the trunk can be mulched with organic matter. IN summer period it is recommended to feed the cedar twice a month with a complex organo-mineral fertilizer.
Propagation by seedlings
Very carefully you need to choose cedar seedlings. It is better to purchase those that are sold in containers or with a large clod of soil on the roots. This condition increases the chances that the plant will tolerate transplanting well. It is recommended to buy 2-3 year old seedlings. If open roots and yellow withered needles are visible on the planting material, then it is better to refuse such a purchase.
Having picked up the seedlings, you can start planting, adhering to the following recommendations:
How to grow a cedar from a nut
To grow a cedar from a nut, you first need to choose the right seeds. Make sure the planting material is odorless and moldy. Now that the material is selected, you can start sowing.
Before sowing, so that the seedlings do not suffer from the fungus, the seeds must be etched in a weak solution of manganese for two hours.
The seeds do not germinate immediately, at first they undergo a long preparation, which lasts about 5 months. The first step of preparation is to soak the seeds in water for 3 days; you need to change the water daily. After that, the nuts are mixed with sand, moistened and folded into a cloth bag. Now you need to place them in a wooden box with holes on the sides and put them in the refrigerator. Periodically, the planting material must be checked and moistened as needed. If mold is noticed on the nut, it is urgently thrown away, and the sand is changed.
After six months, the nuts are thoroughly washed and planted in pots to a depth of 1 cm. The earth is used for this sand. At room temperature, the seeds will germinate after 30 days. Now the seedlings can be placed in a lighted place, but not under the direct rays of the sun.
With the onset of summer, the pots can be taken outside so that the plants get used to the air and the sun a little. After some time, small seedlings can be transplanted into loose soil.
How to grow a cedar in the country
When coniferous forests are far from housing, then I really want to settle in such a plant that will envelop the courtyard with a heady and healing coniferous aroma. Cedar is the best suited for this purpose. Due to its large size, it is often used for landscaping large parks and squares. On the suburban area a tall handsome man will also look great, especially when paired with a birch, but what if you have a small dacha and the site does not differ in endless expanses? The way out can be found by planting a dwarf cedar in the country. 
Here are some varieties of dwarf cedar:
The benefits of cedar for humans
What benefits does the cedar bring to mankind, why, especially recently, has interest in this evergreen plant increased so much? This is explained by the fact that the tree has extraordinary properties:
- Throughout the year, cedar looks very decorative, especially in winter, when green needles are combined with white sparkling snow.
- Healthy and tasty pine nuts are widely used in cosmetology, medicine and cooking.
- The gum resin, due to its unique healing properties, is one of the best remedies for wound healing.
- Cedar needles are also useful, for centuries they have been successfully used to treat many diseases.
- Your area will be filled with the amazing coniferous aroma inherent in cedar, as a result of which the air will be filled with useful substances and freshness.
- Cedar wood is highly prized in construction and furniture making. Canadian cedar is simply priceless in this case. Products from this tree have the most high price, since they are extremely durable, easily withstand high and low temperatures, environmentally friendly and have antiseptic properties. So the Canadian cedar can be considered the leader among the trees used by builders and furniture makers.
A bright representative of evergreen conifers is a member of the Pine family of the order. Siberian cedar (lat. Pínus sibírica) is also known as "Siberian cedar pine". The culture is widespread in Eastern and Western Siberia. Distinctive feature coniferous tree - massive, multi-tiered crown with large branches. The whorled structure (a special arrangement of branches, in which several leaves depart from each shoot) makes the plant especially attractive. The slowed down development of the culture is caused by a short period of vegetative growth - only 45 days a year. At favorable conditions pine lives up to 800 years. An adult representative often reaches about 40 meters in length. There are cases when the diameter of the Siberian cedar was more than 3 meters. You can not be afraid to grow a bulky, giant tree at home. Breeders have bred no less useful dwarf subspecies of culture.
Low-growing varieties of Siberian cedar have been bred for growing at home.
There are several reasons for growing a coniferous tree at home:
- Special decorativeness of evergreen culture.
- Nutritious and healthy fruits.
- The healing effect of nuts and needles.
Location
The tree has a very branched crown. Therefore, you should choose a free spacious area of the site.
The minimum distance between green spaces should be at least six meters. You should retreat 3 meters from the foundation of the buildings. Dwarf representatives can be planted a little closer.
Optimal illumination
Siberian cedar pine prefers brightly lit areas. Young representatives can perfectly tolerate semi-shaded areas. The plant is frost-resistant and not demanding on microclimatic conditions.
Watering rules
Siberian pine cedar belongs to moisture-loving crops. In the summer season, the tree absorbs a lot of moisture. Therefore, during the hotter months it is necessary to water the plant regularly as the soil dries out.
In the fall, in preparation for the resting phase, watering should be reduced. You can notice a slowdown in the process of draining the earthy coma.
In the winter period of dormancy, a plant planted in a container practically does not need watering. The soil mixture in the container can dry out from low levels of air humidity. Trees consume very little moisture from the soil.
Siberian cedar is a moisture-loving culture. But excessive soil moisture or stagnant water will destroy the pine tree.
Excessive soil moisture can destroy the plant.
Cedar pine in winter
The absence of a dormant stage leads to a slowdown in growth in the next growing season. Therefore, for several months a year it is necessary to provide the coniferous representative with cooler climatic conditions.
Siberian cedar, planted in a container, can be transferred to a glazed loggia, cellar, veranda or winter Garden... Watering should only be done as needed. With the onset of spring heat, it is necessary to gradually move the flowerpot to a sunny place.
How to properly transplant Siberian cedar
Transplant seedlings with a closed root system for a permanent time should be immediately after the retreat of the morning frosts - in early spring. You can also plant the purchased Siberian cedar in the fall, immediately after the end of the growing season.
The ideal age for replanting pine is about 5 years. The trunk height is no more than one meter. The stem diameter is about two centimeters. When planting, there is a chance to save root system in integrity.
It is much more difficult with large representatives of conifers. An adult cedar is usually transplanted in winter. In the cold season, you can dig up a large earthen lump and save most of the rhizome. As a rule, the cedar root system is severely damaged.
The ideal age for replanting pine is 5 years.
During the recovery period, the plant releases a component that attracts pests. If the culture is severely weakened, bark beetles can penetrate under the bark and lay the larvae. It will not be possible to save the pine tree. Therefore, replanting an overgrown cedar is extremely risky.
Before planting, you should:
- Weed out the weeds and thoroughly cultivate the soil around the planting area.
- Dig a hole suitable size... It is necessary to focus on the size of the root system with an earthy clod. The depth of the fossa should exceed the size of the cedar roots by 40%.
- The bottom of the hole must be thoroughly loosened.
- Lay out the drainage in a thick layer (about 15 cm). As a material, you can use crushed stone, gravel, shells, bottle corks.
- The ideal composition of the soil mixture is a greenhouse land with peat and leaf humus. Organic ingredients can be added. Pine forest bedding is ideal.
- For the subsequent tying of the seedling, a wooden support should be driven into the hole.
How to trim properly
For the natural formation of a dense, even crown, the plant should provide free growth in an open area. The coniferous plant is unpretentious. Therefore, additional intervention in the development process is not required. It is enough to periodically clean the coniferous from damaged and dead branches.
If the plant is used as an element garden design, you can give the crown an appropriate shape. Pruning plants under the age of five is not recommended. The best time of the year for pruning is early spring.
It is advisable to use a sharp garden pruner. The instrument should be thoroughly disinfected with alcohol. The affected areas must be treated with a healing component (var).
Cedar pine is an excellent representative of the flora for creating dwarf miniatures.
Amazing miniature of Siberian pine.
Using oriental techniques, you can create a skillful bonsai. The pliability, gracefulness of the trunk and shoots contributes to the design of a reduced exact copy of a coniferous tree.
Features of planting a tree can be found in the video:
Cedar pine in the open field
For growing outdoors, it is enough to provide a minimum of conditions:
- open area;
- uniform sunlight;
- loamy and loose soil;
- absence groundwater... Often young conifers develop well on the site, and adult representatives die. The main reason is that the root system is damaged by the accumulation of liquid in the upper layer of the soil.
Siberian cedar is a very resistant crop. The plant is not afraid of severe frosts.
Siberian pine is a frost-resistant plant.
For the winter period, you do not need to cover the plant with mulch and protective material. In open soil, cedar does not need regular feeding and pruning.
Planting cedar at home
Flower pot
The coniferous plant has a large and branched root system. Therefore, the choice of the container should be taken seriously. For young cedars, it is advisable to choose small containers with drainage holes and side openings for air circulation.
The kit must include a tray for collecting excess liquid. As the root system and crown develop, a larger container must be used.
Perfect soil
Cedar pine prefers loose and fertile soil. For cultivation, it is not recommended to use mixtures containing peat. A multicomponent fossil causes root rot.
To protect the plant from pests, a little oxidizing agents should be added to the soil. You can use a natural citric acid solution and pine needles.
Top dressing of cedar
During planting, a growth biostimulator should be added to the soil. The ideal combination of components is contained in the preparation "Kornevin".
The plant does not require regular feeding. It is advisable not to experiment with chemicals. Preparations for indoor crops can harm conifers. Especially for the cultivation of cedar, products with a natural composition are bred.
To feed the cedar, you should use a special biohumus.
Biohumus "Kedronic", made from waste of pine nuts, is ideal for cedar wood. The fertilizer also contains Siberian soil... The drug can not only be applied to the soil, but also sprayed on cedar needles. It has a particularly effective effect after the appearance of yellowness on the leaves.
Diseases of the cedar and the main pests
Bark beetles
Most often, cedar trees are struck by an ordinary engraver. Mass attacks of conifers begin at the end of May. It's easy enough to spot pests. Beetles gnaw small holes on the bark.
Cedar will produce resin for self-pest control. Inaction will result in females entering the stem. After the larvae have been deposited, it is almost impossible to save the tree.
As a preventive measure, you can use systemic insecticides, inject biological agents into the trunk, and promptly cleanse the culture of affected areas.
Mass attacks by bark beetles can destroy a pine tree.
Pine Hermes
On the initial stage can be mechanically collected and destroyed all affected areas. If the insect population has covered the whole plant, it is necessary to treat the soil with Aktara and spray it on the cedar with Decis or Iskra. Spraying should be repeated after a month. You will need to continue the procedure until the pests are completely eliminated.
Pine is also affected by scale insects, moths and aphids. For treatment, systemic insecticides should be used.
Pests rarely appear on a healthy plant. Therefore, it is necessary to purchase biological preparations in advance to strengthen the immunity of the coniferous tree.
Needle rust
A common disease in warm and humid climates. Yellow marks appear on the tree. After a while, a white bloom forms on the blister points. Fungal cells infect all parts of the tree. At the initial stage of infection, the needles will acquire a yellow tint and begin to fall off.
As a rule, infection occurs from sow thistle and coltsfoot. It is necessary to destroy all plants on the site that contribute to the spread of fungal spores. The affected branches must be removed and destroyed. Cleansing the tree will help prevent further spread.
Tar cancer or seryanka
Spore-infested areas should be cleaned immediately. For prevention, it is necessary to cleanse the plant from dry branches and stems with cancerous ulcers. Inaction attracts many pests. A weakened pine tree can die from insect damage.
Allergic manifestations
Pine nuts are a very healthy product. People with individual intolerance may experience an allergic reaction and anaphylactic shock.
It is rather difficult to determine the relationship with the cedar fruit. The reaction to peeled nuts can only appear after two days. The first sign is the appearance of a metallic taste.
Fruits are not the only things that can trigger a reaction. The so-called wood allergy affects the upper respiratory tract. Redness and itching appear on the skin and mucous membranes. After the onset of characteristic symptoms, direct contact with the crop should be avoided.
Breeding options
There are several ways to grow a pine tree. To breed coniferous cedar, you need to purchase seeds or seedlings in a garden nursery.
Planting cedars from seeds
Long-term growing method. Planting material must be treated with potassium permanganate. A mixture of coarse sand should be used as a soil. Nuts must be placed in holes and sprinkled with a small layer of sawdust. To stimulate growth, you can place the container with seeds in a cold room.
Moisten the soil periodically.
Germination of Siberian cedar seeds.
After the first shoots appear, you can transfer the container to a warm room. After strengthening the sprouts, young cedar trees should be dived into separate containers.
You can experiment and sow the treated seeds into open soil. But this is very risky. Often the planting material does not germinate.
Growing cedar with seedlings
It is preferable to buy seedlings with a closed root system. The ideal age for planting material is three-year-old trees. The average size of a pine tree should be from thirty centimeters to three meters, depending on the subspecies.
Flowering and fruiting of cedar pine
Cedar trees do not produce inflorescences. Nuts are formed as seeds.
It will be possible to try nuts from your cedar only after 60 years.
Adult crops begin to bear fruit only at the age of 60 years. You can pinch a tree to speed up the process. The ripening process of cones takes place in the fall. As it forms, most of the fruit falls to the ground.
How to choose Siberian cedar
Planting material should be purchased from nurseries specializing in conifers. Siberian cedar seedlings 15-25 cm high can be purchased at a price of 50 rubles. The grown seedlings in a container with a closed root system are sold on average for 1,500 rubles. Seeds of Siberian cedar "Shepard" are in catalogs of online stores. The cost of one package is 42 rubles.
Siberian cedar (the correct botanical name is Siberian cedar pine) is an evergreen coniferous tree. This truly amazing plant has absorbed, it seems, all imaginable useful qualities: decorativeness and healing properties, winter hardiness and longevity. The main wealth of the Siberian cedar is its nuts. They contain 61% fat, 20% protein, 12% carbohydrates. Nuts are delicious, nutritious and healthy. They contain vitamin A, B vitamins, which improve heart function and are generally necessary for the normal functioning of the nervous system. They are especially rich in vitamin E (tocopherol, which in Greek means “I bear offspring”). It is not for nothing that in years of good harvests of cedar, the fertility of sable and squirrels significantly increases. Doctors say that pine nuts contain substances that improve blood composition, prevent tuberculosis and anemia.
For a long time, the inhabitants of Siberia and the Urals have used cedar resin (resin) to treat purulent wounds, cuts, and burns. During the Great Patriotic War, cedar resin was successfully used in hospitals to treat the wounded. She protected wounds from infection, stopped gangrenous processes.
The needles are rich in vitamin C, carotene. It contains a lot of calcium, potassium, phosphorus, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt.
The tree is beautiful with its green attire at any time of the year. The antimicrobial properties of cedar forests are also high. The air in his plantings is practically sterile.
Siberian cedar has long been bred in our countries, the age of some of them exceeds 100-200 years, they successfully bloom, bear fruit and give mature seeds even in the Arctic. Many cedars have been planted by amateur gardeners in their private plots and in collective gardens. Siberian cedar is a monoecious tree, in the upper, most illuminated part of the crown there are female ovules, below - male strobili. The cedar “blooms” in June. Female "cones" of crimson-purple color are hidden in the needles near the apical bud of the shoot.
Male "flowers", orange - crimson, are collected in large "inflorescences" at the base of the shoots. After 3-5 days, they turn brown and fall off. The pollen is carried by the wind. After pollination, female cones close, become green - brown, grow up to 2-3 cm and until the spring of next year they are called "winter". Fertilization and seed formation occurs from the end of August and throughout September. To ensure cross-pollination, it is desirable to have a group of cedars (3 or more). To increase the reliability of pollination of female "flowers" in young cedars, artificial additional pollination can be carried out: shake off the pollen of male "flowers" on paper, place it in a jar and store it in a refrigerator for several days. As the female "flowers" unfold, apply pollen on them with a soft brush or gently blow off a sheet of paper.
However, for all the attractiveness of cedar, growing it is more difficult than other conifers (Scots pine, larch, spruce). Foresters call the culture of Siberian cedar a school of patience.
Its seeds are deeply dormant and germinate only after a winter stay in the cold for at least 3-4 months. Cedar crops require protection from rodents and birds. For the first ten years, the cedar grows slowly, reaching a height of 1.5 m. However, in the future, this breed is able to thank you for your attention to it. Cedar gets along well on individual sites, near buildings. At 30, he reaches a height of 9 meters, forms lush crown reaching 3 meters across. Siberian cedar is propagated mainly by seed, less often by vegetative (grafting, rooting of cuttings).
Generally speaking, the vegetative propagation of cedar is a rather complicated matter, and it is better to leave it to specialists. In a free state, cedar grown from seed begins to form cones from 18-20 years old.
When breeding Siberian cedar, it must be borne in mind that it cannot grow in dry sandy places, but prefers sandy loam or loamy moist fertile soils.
When tender, still immature seedlings are just knocked out of the soil, they are immediately pecked by birds (mainly crows). Therefore, the plants have to be grown under plastic wrap.
Good results are obtained when sowing seeds in autumn. To do this, in late September - early October, that is, a month before the soil freezes, the seeds are sown in prepared ridges and covered with spruce branches to protect them from rodents. And in the spring of next year, the seeds give amicable shoots.
When sowing in spring, the seeds of the Siberian cedar require mandatory stratification. To do this, they are soaked in warm water (25-300C) for 4-6 days. The water is changed every 1-2 days. Then the seeds are mixed with well-washed river sand or peat chips and kept at room temperature. The mixture is periodically stirred and moistened. With this stratification, the seeds are pecked after 50 - 60 days. Naked seeds are brought out into the cold and stored until sowing at a temperature close to zero. Sowing is carried out in late April - early May (depending on weather conditions. Per 1 m2, you can sow from 50 to 300 g of seeds. The depth of their seeding is 3-4 cm. plastic wrap, which protects the seeds from birds, is removed only after the shells have fallen from the emerging seedlings.
To protect crops from infectious damage to seedlings caused by the fungus "Fusarium", in addition to prophylactic dressing of seeds, it will be necessary to water the sowing grooves with seeds sown in them with a 0.4% solution of potassium permanganate. When lesions appear, the seedling stems turn red, a constriction forms, they fall and dry out. Control measures: for the first 2 weeks, seedlings are treated with a 0.4% solution of potassium permanganate 1-3 times with a consumption of up to 10 liters per 1 m2.
With thickened crops, seedlings dive. As soon as sprouts appear in the form of a bent knee, they are dug up, sorted, the roots are trimmed and planted under a peg on the ridges to the same depth at which they were. Planting scheme 20 X 20 cm or 20 X 20 cm. You can dive seedlings in the second year after germination. Subject to agricultural techniques, the survival rate of cedar seedlings after a pick is very high - up to 95%. 2-3 years after picking, a good planting material with a developed root system is obtained, which contributes to the survival of seedlings after transplanting to a new place.
After 3 years, before the start of their growth, the seedlings are dug up and transplanted into a tree school with a placement of 0.4X0.4 m, where they are grown for 3-5 years to obtain larger seedlings.
When cedar is transplanted to a permanent place, seedlings of 6-8 years of age are more reliable than seedlings. In a tree school, they are dug out with a lump of soil (0.2X0.2X0.2 m) and transferred to the planting site, wrapping the lump with a film or a damp cloth.
Planting of seedlings is carried out in areas with previously loosened (dug up) non-sodded loamy or sandy loam soil. The planting hole is dug out 30% more than the volume of the root systems of the seedlings. The removed soil is mixed with fertilizers (peat, humus, rotted manure, wood ash), it is advisable to add 3-4 handfuls of forest litter from a coniferous forest. The latter contributes to the better development of mycorrhiza on the root systems (symbiosis of root endings and hyphae forest mushrooms), which provides good mineral nutrition for forest woody plants.
The prepared substrate is poured into the bottom of the hole and the root system of the seedling is placed in its center so that the root collar (the border between the stem and the root system) is at the level of the ground of the site. Next, the hole is filled with prepared loose soil, compacted by trampling and watered (0.5 buckets).
When a white bloom appears on young shoots (more often it manifests itself in wet weather), it is imperative to treat them with a solution of EM-5 at a concentration of 1: 500. Otherwise, with the active development of whiteness, the shoots die off. In this case, the tree, however, does not die, but the annual growth is lost.
Planting places for seedlings are linearly placed or in groups with a distance between them not less than 3m. when laying plantations of a garden type, placement of seedlings 4X5m or 5X5m. this provides a fairly complete light content for the trees, contributes to the development of the crown and the formation of a good yield of cones. With a rare standing of trees, cedar begins to give yields from the age of 18.
Plant Siberian Cedar. He deserves to be bred.
Khoreva Maya
Purpose of work: master the methods of accelerated cultivation of high-quality Siberian cedar seedlings and assess the possibility of their adaptation to local conditions
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Accelerated cultivation of high-quality Siberian cedar seedlings.
Khoreva Maya
School number 367, class 10a
Head: Goncharova Irina Evgenievna
Cedar plantations emit a lot of phytoncides, thereby purifying the air (pathogens are killed). This has an important sanitary and hygienic, one might say medicinal value of cedar plantations. We plan to plant cedar seedlings in the immediate vicinity of human life, namely: city boundaries (in agreement with the workers of the garden and park economy), residential settlements, summer cottages, private estates.
Purpose of work: master the methods of accelerated cultivation of high-quality Siberian cedar seedlings and assess the possibility of their adaptation to local conditions.
Tasks:
- Determine and master the sequence of seed stratification.
- Establish the effect of soil moisture on seed germination.
- Determine the percentage of Siberian pine seed germination.
- Assess the survival rate of transplanted seedlings.
- Determine the growth of Siberian cedar seedlings in the first growing season.
For work, we used seeds from two cones of Siberian pine pine, brought in November from the Ulan-Ude region (Eastern Siberia).
We prepared the seeds by stratification (4 months) in the cold, observing the following order:
The seeds taken from the cones were soaked for three days in settled water at room temperature. At the same time, the water was changed daily. During this period, benign seeds swelled and sank to the bottom of the vessel. Empty and poor quality seeds remained on the surface, they were removed. (100 good quality seeds were selected).
Selected seeds were pickled in a strong (1%) aqueous solution of potassium permanganate (about 20 minutes). Then they were mixed with a wet (50%) substrate (sand, sphagnum moss, sawdust) and placed in the cold (on the upper shelf in the refrigerator) at a temperature of +5 0 C in a small plastic container. The substrate was periodically moistened with tap water at room temperature.
Stratifiedseeds, were planted on April 20, 2012: before sowing, seeds (100 pieces) were separated from the substrate, etched again in a strong solution of potassium permanganate (up to a day) and dried for sowing; seeds were planted in small plastic containers with drain holes
In containers # 1-# 2 (20 seeds each), the soil was waterlogged (water accumulated in the pallet), in containers # 3-# 4 (20 seeds each) - there was a lack of moisture (the top soil layer dried up), and in # 5-# 6 9 (10 seeds each) we observed normal watering (uniform moisture). Used fertile, sandy soil from a mixture of compost, coconut substrate, sand and crushed coniferous bark in equal proportions.
The sowing process of unstratified seeds was carried out in the same way as
stratified. The unstratified seeds did not germinate, they stood for a month, and then the observation was over, and the stratified seeds began to sprout, and they were monitored.
In containers with waterlogged soil, seeds germinated only after the watering was reduced to normal. In containers with a lack of moisture and normal moisture, the seeds germinated in the same way.
The germination rate of stratified seeds is 69%.
The bulk of the seeds germinated 20-28 days after sowing.
For the seeds from container No. 5, we carried out daily observation and measurements of their growth. The cedar seedling actively grows and develops in the first two weeks, and after that its external development slows down. But the root system begins to develop. For this period, the seedling reaches a height of about 30 - 40 mm.
The following stages of seedling development were also identified:
- Hypocotyl growth.Occurs approximately in the first 2 weeks after germination. The next 2 weeks the growth is insignificant, and after that it stops altogether.
- Straightening the hypocotyloccurs 4 - 8 days after germination.
- Seed skins falling offoccurs on days 6-11.
After the growth of the hypocotyl stops, the trunk of the seedling begins to lignify. This occurs on average 21 days after germination.
To improve the root system of cedar seedlings, it was subjected to a pick, followed by planting in plastic cups 300 mg before transplanting into open ground (until the end of June - the beginning of August). The survival rate of seedlings after picking is 100%.
To infect the root system of seedlings with mycorrhiza, we added a litter from under the pines to the original soil during transplantation.
In July - early August, 40 Siberian Pine seedlings were transplanted to a school for growing in Leningrad region(12 - in the Tosno region, 28 - in the Volkhov region). Teachers and students interested in our work and wishing to grow Siberian Pine in their homestead received seedlings as a gift (29 seedlings in total). At this stage, the root system of the seedlings is already more formed than before.
Those who took the seedlings were given a small task: to measure the growth of seedlings in late September - early October and tell about their development.
Landing in the ground took place as follows:
- identical plastic containers with a volume of 5 liters were prepared (five-liter bottles with a cut-off neck and with drainage holes at the bottom);
- the containers were filled with soil mixture with the addition of soil from under the pine trees for re-infection with mycorrhiza;
- the seedlings were carefully transplanted into the ground (without deepening the root collar);
- mulching (moss, sawdust) was made to reduce evaporation;
- containers with seedlings were buried in the ground to a depth of 20 cm,the distance between seedlings is 25cm;
- uniform watering was ensured.
The survival rate of seedlings when transplanted into open ground was 100%.
When planting in a permanent place, the root system of the cedars is completely preserved, which is very important for their active growth. The containers must be large enough so that the root system of the seedlings is not oppressed. In such conditions, seedlings develop without competition for light and soil nutrition. We plan to grow seedlings in containers for 2-4 years.
Conclusion
For seed germination of Siberian pine, stratification is required, germination rate was 69%.
We also found that waterlogged soil has a depressing effect on seed germination.
Siberian Pine seedlings grow vigorously in the first 10-15 days after germination. In this case, the hypocotyl is straightened on the 6-7th day, the seed coat falls off on the 9th day, the lignification of the trunk occurs after the growth of the seedling slows down by an average of 25 days.
Siberian Pine seedlings tolerate transplantation well - survival rate is 100%.
On average, the growth of seedlings in the first growing season was 13-14mm (maximum growth - 20mm).
Cedar pine can be grown not only in Siberia, but also in the European region of Russia. This is not only possible, but must be done.
Siberian cedar has a number of medicinal properties. Its needles release phytoncides, which cleanse the air of harmful bacteria. In its natural habitat, cedar pine grows up to 40 m, but low-growing varieties have been bred for the dacha economy.
We will reveal all the secrets of how to grow cedar on your own.
Planting and growing Siberian cedar from a seedling
Siberian cedar pine is an evergreen plant. Healing properties are possessed not only by the needles of the plant, but also by the resin, as well as by the nutshell. In folk medicine, raw materials are used for infusions and decoctions. If you plant a cedar with therapeutic purpose, it is very important that the plant begins to bear fruit early. Therefore, it is better to purchase and plant a ready-made seedling.
Choose seedlings with a closed root system, but if there are none, then you can buy another. It is important to pay attention to the condition of the roots. Higher requirements are imposed on seedlings with an open root system. Ideally, they will be dug right in front of you. The plant tolerates transplanting worse, so you need to keep an earthen ball. If transportation is to be carried out, then the root system is carefully packed in burlap, then wrapped in a bag. The earthy clod is moistened with water.
In order for the seedling to quickly take root in a new place, choose a tree no older than 6 years old and create suitable conditions for it:
Choose a landing place with good lighting but without direct sunlight;
Dig up the site with the addition of peat, rotted manure, coniferous earth and humus;
Make the planting holes a third larger than the root system, install a support for the seedlings.
If you are planting more than one cedar, but several, then between them you need to leave from 3 to 8 m.
This is the optimal distance for growth and development. After planting, the seedling is tied to a support, well watered and mulched with coniferous litter.
At first, the soil is moistened every 3 days, if there is no rain. After a year, you can make nitrogen fertilization for better growth.
How to grow cedar from seeds: step-by-step instructions with photos and basic rules
Cedar pine can be grown from seeds. This activity is troublesome, requires special skills and knowledge, but it is much more fun. Moreover, not every gardener can boast of his own cedar. If you want to enjoy the process and do not pursue other goals, then please be patient.
Cedar seeds sprout tightly. Nuts from the supermarket are not suitable for germination, they will not germinate at all. Buy a cedar cone or seed from a specialty store.
Before planting, the seeds need to be prepared:
Fill the seeds with warm water and leave for 3 days, change the water periodically. Empty seeds will float, and quality seeds will swell.
Process good-quality seeds with a solution of potassium permanganate for 2-3 hours, dry.
Prepare the substrate for germination, it can be sphagnum, sawdust or peat.
Place the substrate in a container, moisturize well and sow the seeds. Leave it cold for 3 months.
Sow sprouted seeds in a school shelter. Planting depth - 3 cm. Mulch the bed until shoots appear.
Preparation for sowing takes place in two stages, it is better to do this fall. After the seeds are swollen and you have selected quality ones, rinse well and rub them with your hands. This is necessary to wash away resins and other substances that slow down the germination process. Quality seeds are stratified within three months. It is better if it takes place in vivo. Dig the container with seeds in the snow or put it in the cellar. In the spring, sort out the seeds, remove all that are rotten and those that have not pecked. Plant seeds with white sprouts in the school.
For planting, take a lot more seeds than you want to get seedlings. As you can see, many of them are rejected during the cultivation process. In a greenhouse or under a film cover, cedar is grown for up to two years, only after that the film can be removed. The seedlings are transferred to a permanent place only at the age of 6 years. All this time, tender sprouts need full care.
Care of cedar seedlings
Seedlings appear in May, grow very slowly. They are demanding on the humidity of the air and soil.
The first year of life, the sprouts are carefully watered, not forgetting to ventilate the greenhouse. If you do not adhere to this rule, then the seedlings will be hit by the "black leg".
Getting rid of this insidious disease will not be easy. At the end of the first year of life, seedlings reach a height of only a couple of centimeters.
These are thin sprouts with a palm on the top of the head. But the plants overwinter perfectly and do not need additional shelter.
Cedar is a winter-hardy crop that tolerates temperatures as low as -60 ° C. If the sprouts are insulated, then they will dry out.
Important! If you grow cedar seedlings at home in pots, after planting in the ground, it must be covered with dry foliage. She has not yet had time to adapt to street conditions.
In the second year, the sprouts will grow another 5-7 cm. You can start feeding. Use a liquid potassium sulfate solution under each plant 3 times per season.
It is not necessary to dig up the soil under the seedlings, shallow loosening of the soil is enough. Cedar seedlings do not need special care; standard procedures are sufficient. By the end of 4 years of cultivation, they should have gained 20-30 cm in height.
Cedar grown from seeds bears fruit late, at the age of 20 years. The first cones may be empty.
Transplanting cedar into open ground
When the seedlings reach 6 years old, they are transplanted into open ground. Follow the planting guidelines for open-root seedlings.
It is better to transfer plants to a permanent place in the evening or in cloudy weather, keep the earthy lump as much as possible. The best time to plant is spring. If it is dry, then the trees will have to be additionally watered. After that, the top layer of the soil is loosened so that a crust does not form.
Watch out for weeds, remove them in time. If you do not restrain their growth, then the root system of a fragile plant will clog them. Do not root out large weeds, otherwise you will damage the young roots of the tree, just prune them at the root.
Problems with growing cedar from seed
Cedar seedlings are very susceptible to fungal diseases. The peak of the disease occurs in the spring. At this time, you need to carefully monitor the plants and carry out treatments on time.
To prevent disease of seedlings, you do not need to plant them in wetlands or areas with a high groundwater table. The needles begin to turn yellow and dry out.
Cedar seedlings also suffer from fusarium, in a short period of time all seedlings will fall. As a preventive measure, treat the seeds before planting and the soil with approved preparations, do preventive spraying and air the greenhouses in time.
Of the pests, young seedlings are harmed by pine aphid - hermes. You can notice her presence by white bloom on needles. Aphids suck juice from young needles, the seedling dies. Get rid of pine aphids like a common pest. Perform a series of multiple insecticide treatments.