Strict forms conifers will always be appropriate in almost any landscape design... In summer, coniferous trees are ideally combined with a green lawn in the yard and others. flowering plants and in winter period conifers are able to save the summer cottage with their bright in green and branchiness from gray days and lifelessness. In addition, coniferous shrubs and trees can give clean air enriched with healing essential oils.
Modern gardeners can no longer imagine their garden without evergreen trees and shrubs. And there are plenty of conifers to choose from. Below you can see some of the conifers that will become great decoration garden and fit perfectly into the landscape design.
Spruce: description with photo
Fir trees are tall, slender conifers that will look very effective both individually and in compositions. Professionals are able to build whole plants from these plants. coniferous hedges... Nowadays, spruce is not only a tall large crop for everyone, which has delighted us since childhood. In winter, a spruce planted in the yard where you can dress up with Christmas toys... Such a living beauty will certainly delight not only a child, but even any adult. From time to time, the assortment of these conifers is renewed with new decorative species. Most often for planting in a summer cottage or personal plot the following varieties are used:
Fir: description with photo
Fir is a magnificent plant belonging to the pine family. In Latin it is called Pinaceae. If we compare fir with other conifers, then it has some differences - purple cones growing upward and flat needles... The plant's needles are soft and shiny. Above the needles are dark green, and below each needle is marked with a white stripe.
It should be noted right away that young seedlings grow for a very long time. Growth begins to accelerate only after 10 years and continues until the very death of the root system. Despite the fact that the fir is a very common tree, many still cannot answer the question of whether it is a coniferous or deciduous plant.
The names of the most popular types of fir among gardeners:
Juniper: description with photo
Juniper is at the top of the list conifers with bactericidal properties... The plant is very ancient. Juniper first appeared on the planet about 50 million years ago. Currently, it is customary to refer it to the cypress family. Juniper has about 70 species, among which you can find 30-meter trees, there are also 15-centimeter dwarfs. Each species has its own characteristics regarding not only appearance, but also regarding the requirements for care and maintenance.
Most often, in summer cottages or in the garden, you can find the following types of juniper:
Before planting a juniper in your garden, it is important to remember that the plant should not be planted near fruit trees, since it is a conductor of a disease such as rust.
Cedar: description with photo
The cedar is a coniferous tree most commonly found in the aristocratic gardens of England. These conifers are able to decorate the landscape gardening in a peculiar way. Often cedar varieties are used to decorate front entrances. Dwarf cedar trees can be used for bonsai.
Pine nuts, which many love, have nothing to do with the cones growing on the cedar. Real cedar cones are not edible. Edible nuts can be found in the cones of the cedar pine that grows in Siberian forests.
The main decorative breeds cedar:
- Glauka is a tree with blue needles;
- Strekt - the plant has a columnar crown with dense and short branches, which are slightly raised upward;
- Pendula - cedar branches fall down;
- Nana - refers to a dwarf variety.
Cypress: description and photo
V wildlife these evergreens are capable of growing up to 70 meters in height. Outwardly, the cypress is very similar to the cypress. In landscape design, conifers undersized shrubs often use to create a hedge... Among gardeners in great demand use dwarf cypress species, which do not exceed 3.5 meters in height.
The names of the most popular types of cypress:
Before planting an ephedra, you should pay attention to the fact that dwarf cypress species do not tolerate winter well. They will not freeze under a layer of snow, but they can vanish. This is why it is very important to monitor the density of the snow.
Cypress: description with photo
In their natural habitat, these evergreens are trees or shrubs that have a conical or pyramid-shaped crown. The entire trunk of the plant is slender and covered with thick bark. The foliage is tightly pressed against the branches. As early as in the second year, there may be cones on the cypress. Each type of cypress has your requirements for care and cultivation.
The most common types of cypress are:
Larch: description with photo
Based on the name, we can assume that this plant should not be coniferous. However, this is a completely erroneous opinion. Larch belongs to the pine family and belongs to the most common conifers... Outwardly, the plant is a slender tall tree that looks a bit like a spruce. Larch sheds all its needles every autumn.
V favorable conditions habitat diameter of the trunk of a tree can reach 1 meter, and the height of larch can reach 50 meters.
Currently, there are about 50 plant species. The most popular of these are the following examples:
- Vinimalis - weeping;
- Corley - cushion;
- Repens - a tree with creeping branches;
- Kornik is a tree with a spherical crown;
- Diana - spherical crown, green needles with a smoky shade.
Tuya: description with photo
These columnar evergreen shrubs can now be found practically in all botanical gardens. Thuja belongs to the cypress family. Shrubs very resistant to decay, severe frost and drought.
U thuja powerful superficial root system upward-growing branches that form the shape of a column or pyramid. Also on the bush there are small bumps that ripen in the first year of life.
All the most popular types of thuja shrubs:
In conclusion, it is worth noting that when choosing an evergreen tree or shrub for your summer cottage, you need to know not only popular species and varieties, but also understand all the features of growth, rates of development, and also know the rules for the care and maintenance of conifers.
Conifers and shrubs: photos and pictures
Everyone's favorite beautiful conifers are spruce, pine, fir, cypress and others.
There are so many of them and they all look great in the garden, on summer cottage and are generally used in landscape design.
Conifers have many different names, we will analyze in more detail to determine and decide what exactly you want to plant.
All trees are beautiful in their own way, and their scent attracts and relaxes. They are indispensable parts of every garden.
They ate from the Pine Family. They love a temperate climate, grow up to 35 centimeters in height. Their leaves are sharp green needles that look like a spiral. They stay on the tree for many years.
There are cones on the tree that grow after ten years of the life of the spruce. Have ate a lot different types with different forms, different heights etc.
They are loved for their smell, decorativeness. Here are the species that most often grow in Russia:
- Glena spruce
The tree is large in size, significant in height. The lower branches hang downward, while the upper branches are located upward, as if stretching towards the sun. Purple bumps. Loves moist soil.
- Canadian spruce (white, gray)
Thick trunk, cone-shaped crowns. The needles are very long, the cones are about the size of an egg. Grows in the forests of America. An unpretentious spruce, it gets used even to drought and grows calmly.
The color is yellow-green, massive spruce, small cones, red. Fruits ripen late, towards the end of spring. Often used as a decorative spruce.
- Blue prickly
35 meters high. Thickness - a meter, can be divided into several trunks. The bark is thick, young - gray, older - brown. The needles are sharp, needles, of a beautiful blue color.
- Common spruce
Common view. They are usually planted near the fence as protection from the sun, to create shade in the country for recreation or some plants. The needles are long, large, thick, shiny and have a dark green color... Grows up to 500 years. The fact is known about her that at the beginning of ripening it grows little by little, then very quickly.
- Serbian spruce
Rare, grows in Serbia. Small, has a dwarf shape. The needles are small, have a color from dark blue to light blue mixed with green. Favorably tolerates any soil, climate and conditions.
- Siberian spruce
The spruce itself is large, its needles are small and very sharp, the cones are also small size... Mainly grows in Europe, Siberia. She loves moist soil very much, therefore, it is less common than other spruces.
- Sitka spruce
Alaska State Symbol. Large massive spruce, mainly used for decorative purposes. Loves a humid cool climate.
- Inversa spruce
Height up to seven meters, width up to two.
- Nidiformis
A small spruce almost a meter tall, one and a half meters wide.
- Glauka
It has blue needles, it is used as a decorative one in landscape design.
Fir. Views
Family Pine, a powerful tree. Cone shape. In the form of an oval or cylinder - cones. In youth, the tree does not like sunlight. Dislikes dirty, dusty places.
Here are the types of fir:
- Caucasian fir
The plant is considered heroic and powerful; its species was found in 1835 in Georgia. The Nordman Fir is otherwise called, in honor of the person who found it. 50 meters high. Crown in the form of a pyramid.
There is an opinion that when they were building Trojan horse, used the bark of this fir. Therefore, it also has such a name. It is used for Christmas and decorated in Europe.
She lives for 700 years. It has a juicy green color and shines.
- Fir monochromatic
Differs in singularity and grace, it grows mainly in the North of America. Branches and needles in the form of a skeleton, sharp and prickly. Calmly endures the wind. Loves almost any soil, can withstand any conditions. It grows long up to 350 years old, unpretentious. He is calmly going through a transplant.
- Subalpine fir
Slender fir, low, has the shape of a column. Has a silvery blue tint. Has a strong, powerful bud odor. Does not like moisture, grows calmly mainly in shady areas. Loves rich soil, grows poorly in an urban environment.
- Sakhalin fir
Slender, short, pointed upward fir. The color of the young bark is gray; the older, the darker. It does not like to grow in the city because of the abundant air pollution, but it is frost-resistant.
- Argenta
The needles are unusual blue-gray, white tips. Luminescent shoots ripen in spring. it unusual phenomenon occurs within a month, looks great in the garden.
Cedar. Views
These plants have amazing beautiful view... Widely used by the British in gardens and parks. They at the same time enrich and make the landscape so cozy and pleasant.
Bonsai is made from the dwarf forms of this plant. These are all trees grown by people.
Real wild ones grow up to 3 thousand meters in height, above the clouds.
INTERESTING TO KNOW:
Those nuts that we buy in the store and eat (pine nuts) - in fact, do not grow on a cedar, they are fruits from a cedar pine. Real cedar fruit cannot be eaten.
Types of cedars:
- Strict;
- Pendula;
- Tortuosa;
- Nana (dwarf);
- Nana pyramidate.
Cypress. Views
Conical or pyramidal evergreens. The foliage is pressed close to the bark.
Cones ripen for 2 years of plant growth. It is believed that there are about 25 species of cypress in total, but only 10 species are used as ornamental.
Here are the most common types that everyone uses in landscape design:
Larch. Views
Diameter - meter, height - 50m. The branches grow in a chaotic manner. Soft needles. Scientists have identified 15 species of larch plant. Widely used:
- Viminalis;
- Rapance;
- Corley;
- Kornik (in the form of a ball);
- Diana (branches in the form of a spiral, ash-colored needles);
Thuja. Views
Cypress family. It is very popular in Ukraine as an ornamental plant.
Unpretentious, able to get used to and get along in any conditions: frost, drought, bad soil.
Strong rhizome, branches grow upward, columnar or pyramidal shape of the tree, cones ripen in the 1st year of growth.
- Arbor vitae
Highlights special essential oils, it has a great effect on human health. Therefore, finding a person and the ability to breathe thuja air has a beneficial effect on a person. Frost-resistant, drought-resistant, thermophilic, whimsical to the soil.
- Eastern yellow
It grows rapidly and densely. The plant loves light, does not tolerate shade, and is also not drought tolerant, likes abundant watering.
- Western Danica
Dwarf.
Pine. Views
It has a total of about 12 species, but only 11 are especially common. The breed is distinguished by the number of needles on the branches. By the way, pine trees have a fragrant smell of needles.
IT'S IMPORTANT TO KNOW:
It is undesirable to plant in open ground- dry up. It is better to plant pines from July to September.
There are several types of pine trees, some are large, grow in parks, for example, by themselves and decorate with their size and power, and specially grown dwarfs decorate personal plots.
Mountain pine is especially common; it grows in western Europe up to 12 meters high:
- Dwarf. Height - 2 meters, needles - 4 meters;
- Columnaris is a bush with dense needles;
- Pug - spherical shape of the branches;
- Mini Pug;
- Globosa Viridis - ovoid, long needles.
To implement unusual design solutions and creating an original landscape, many gardeners use conifers. Such crops give a noble look to the site and decorate the backyard area. all year round.
Consider the main types and forms of decorative conifers for the garden, and we will analyze the main principles of constructing compositions from evergreen shrubs and trees.
Conifers on the site - unique chic and elegance of the garden
Conifers are noble plants that keep the garden attractive and green all year round. Coniferous trees and shrubs look spectacular, both in spacious parks, gardens, and in small backyards.
Almost all conifers are evergreen, only some of their species, for example, larch, shed their needles for the winter. The rest of the plants "renew" the needles gradually - once every few years, the dying needles fall off, and new ones grow in their place.
Ornamental conifers for the garden are very popular in landscape gardening. They are hardy, frost-resistant, have a beautiful clear shape and are unpretentious to care for. In addition, ephedra have the following advantages:
- good tolerance to insufficient sunlight;
- some varieties of conifers have the correct geometric shape and do not require regular trimming;
- a well-developed root system allows plants long time exist without irrigation (some varieties can be grown even on stony soil);
- it has been officially proven that the aroma of conifers has a beneficial effect on the mental and spiritual state of a person;
- conifers are versatile, due to a wide variety of species and forms, plants can be used to create a variety of landscape compositions in areas of any size.
When planning to decorate your site with conifers, you need to carefully approach their choice. Before buying, you need to determine:
- placing a tree or shrub on the site;
- the order of building a composition;
- climatic conditions of the region and soil composition of the site.
Based on the above criteria, the type, variety and shape of a coniferous plant is selected.
Conifers for the garden: variety names and descriptions of species
The following types of conifers are best suited for planting in the garden:
- yew (torreya, yew);
- cypress (juniper, cypress, thuja);
- pine (larch, fir, cedar, spruce).
Let's consider the most popular decorative species and varieties of conifers
Juniper(Juniperus), known as Veres, belongs to the cypress family. Photophilous coniferous plant, but also grows normally in partial shade. Juniper is not at all whimsical to the soil - it can grow on limestone, rocky slopes and sands. Decorative forms have a columnar or creeping crown. Juniper has a unique healing aroma... Most often, the plants are planted in natural-style gardens or "rocky" landscape compositions.
The main decorative types of juniper:
- Common juniper - evergreen shrub up to 3 meters in height, or a tree - up to 12 meters. The plant is cone-shaped or ovoid, the bark is dark gray, and the shoots are reddish-brown.
- Juniper open (horizontal)- the shrub "spreads" along the ground, and does not grow up. Plant height up to 30 cm, the color of the needles is bright green, the cone-berries are dark blue. The horizontal juniper is often used in the design of alpine slides.
- Juniper Cossack- dioecious shrub up to 1.5 meters high. The plant creeps along the ground, forming dense thickets. Possesses soil-protective properties, resistant to gases, smoke and drought.
Thuja(Thúja) belongs to the cypress family. These evergreen shrubs and trees (height - up to 70 m, trunk diameter - up to 6 m) are unpretentious for transplanting and tolerate smoke from cities well. Designers fell in love with thuja for the fact that it can be given any architectural form... The plant is used in the creation of hedges and alleys.
- Thuja western Smaragd- conical variety of thuja. The crown of the plant is conical, weakly branches, of medium density. Thuja is characterized by moderate growth, the height of a ten-year-old ephedra reaches 2.5 m, an adult plant - 6 m, crown diameter up to 1.8 m.
- Thuja western Danica- dwarf spherical shape. The height of an adult thuja is about 0.8 m, the diameter of the crown is 1 m. The growth of the plant per year is no more than 4 cm in width and 5 cm in height. The crown of thuja Danica is dense, of the correct geometric shape. Scaly needles, soft, bright green. Thuja is used in rock gardens, on slides, in group and single plantings.
Larch(Lаrix) is the most widespread tree species in Russia and on the planet as a whole. Under favorable conditions, the plant grows up to 50 m, the trunk diameter is no more than 1 m. The crown of the tree is loose, not dense. The needles are bright green, flattened, located on the shoots singly, spirally or in bunches. In autumn, larch completely sheds its needles. The tree is light-loving, frost-resistant, under favorable conditions it can add 50-100 cm in growth per year. Low views larch trees are used in rocky gardens, and tall ones are arranged in groups or planted singly.
- Larch thin-flaked- coniferous tree up to 35 m high, trunk diameter can reach - 1 m. It grows well in dry, cold climates, tolerates shading well. The branches of the tree are slightly twisted in a spiral, and the bark is reddish-brown in color.
- European larch- this species is distinguished by its durability (it grows for about 500 years). It takes root well on different types soils: loamy moderately moist, chernozem, podzolic, calcareous and crystalline rocks. Light green needles grow in bunches of 40-60 pieces.
Fir(Abies) has two characteristics: the needles of the tree are flat, and the cones grow upward. A tall pyramidal plant with horizontally located branches. The genus includes about 50 species, of which the most decorative:
- Korean fir- a broad-cone tree up to 15 m in height. Young trees have smooth bark, gray with a purple tint; in mature plants, the bark cracks. Purple-purple buds look especially beautiful.
- Balsam fir- coniferous tree of regular conical shape, plant height - up to 25 m. The needles are located on the branches comb-like, the bark is smooth, gray-brown in color. The plant got its name due to its medicinal properties.
Pine(Pinus) is an important forest-forming tree. Pine is light-requiring, frost-hardy, drought-resistant, gives a good annual growth. Due to its dense crown, the plant is very decorative and is successfully used in parks, gardens on limestone, rocky and sandy soil.
- Pine Compact Glauk- a dwarf form with a height of 0.5-0.8 m. The branches are densely located, short, directed upwards. The pine tree grows very slowly. Needle color with outside- bluish-green, from the outside - bluish-white.
Spruce(Picea) is a very unpretentious coniferous plant. V coniferous gardens looks the most aesthetically pleasing blue spruce.
- Colorado spruce (blue) has a bright color of needles from light green to bright blue. Found in single plantings and landscape garden compositions.
In addition, dwarf forms and varieties of spruce are very popular: Glauca globosa, Glauca procumbens, Glauca prostrata.
Plant height is the main criterion for choosing conifers
Tall conifers
Tall specimens of conifers can be planted on a large and small area... Often it is tall conifers that take the leading role in the ensemble, and other plants are planted around them. Thus, a single harmonious composition is created.
When planting a tall ephedra, it is important to correctly calculate the place. Over time, the root system of the tree will grow and take up a considerable area.
Popular varieties of tall conifers for the garden:
If the growth of a coniferous plant is too fast, it can be suspended. To do this, it is enough to pinch the shoots and carry out pruning. The formation of the crown must be carried out annually, otherwise the copy will acquire irregular shapes, and will look inconspicuous.
Conifers of medium height
If not everyone decides to plant a tall type of ephedra on the site, then shrubs and trees average size very popular among summer residents and gardeners. Traditionally, these plants are planted along the paths and at the entrance, create hedges and complement the compositions with them.
Dwarf conifers and their forms
Breeders have developed amazing forms and varieties of dwarf conifers for the garden, which can keep almost the same height and shape for several years. The tallest species of dwarf can reach 2 meters, compact plants, not exceeding 50 cm, are well planted in containers and tubs.
Clear geometric shapes emphasize the structure of the rocky garden. Dwarf conifers look beautiful in front of the entrance to the house and in compositions with ornamental grasses.
General rules for placing conifers in the garden
Landscape designers when creating compositions from conifers adhere to the following rules:
Conifers of different species have a wide range of colors. When combining plants into a single design element, it is important to consider a number of rules for color combinations:
- A composition of three elements should contain no more than 2 colors.
- A composition of five elements will look impressive if there are no more than 3 different shades in it.
- Compositions consisting of 25 or more copies must be divided into groups of 3 elements, in which rule number 1 must be observed.
When arranging conifers, it is important to take into account the growth of plants and the state of the crown in adulthood, so that the harmony of the composition is not disturbed over time.
Compositions from coniferous plants
Coniferous mixborder
The mixborder is created along the path, against the background of a fence, wall of a house or hedge. When arranging coniferous mixborder use plants of various shapes, colors and heights.
At the foot of the composition, low specimens are planted, in the center there are green conifers, and tall conifers and shrubs are placed in the background.
A mixborder is created according to the following principles:
- the vertices of one row or another must not form a straight line;
- the height and width of the mixborder should be in harmony: an area with tall plants should be wider than the area with compact plantings;
- repetitions of three to five elements make the composition more rhythmic and interesting.
Hedge
When zoning a garden, coniferous hedges are often used. Such a fence can be placed around the perimeter of the site. In the gardens landscape style or modern evergreen hedge used as a background for colorful perennials.
A dense functional hedge can be created by planting plants in a checkerboard pattern in 2-3 rows. A fairly practical and less whimsical hedge is a formed planting of ordinary spruce.
To divide the site into functional areas often planted medium-sized conifers, about 1-2 m in height.
360 ° Compositions
An all-round composition is a group of plants that should look equally impressive from any view. Most often, such compositions are placed on round flower beds, lawns and in paving openings.
Rules for creating a circular view composition from ephedra:
- The tallest specimen of a coniferous plant is planted in the center of the composition.
- Plants of lower height are planted around the central element at the same distance.
- The height of the second row should be no more than ½ and no less than 1/3 of the height of the central ephedra.
- The height of the third and fourth rows should be reduced proportionally, without covering the previous row and emphasizing its beauty.
When creating asymmetrical compositions, plants are placed in such a way that it would be impossible to draw a straight line through three elements.
The basics of planting and growing conifers
In order for the ephedra to maximize its decorative qualities, planting and caring for the plant must be carried out with the fulfillment of some basic requirements:
This lesson will cover the topic “Deciduous and Coniferous Trees”, which will help students learn about the two groups of trees - deciduous and coniferous. Consider them features.
Lesson: Deciduous and Coniferous Trees
As you know, each tree has its own distinctive features. Leaves are one of these signs. Sheet- This is one of the main organs of the plant that performs the function of respiration and nutrition. The leaves of trees are very diverse in shape and size.
The birch tree has small carved leaves.
Linden leaves are shaped like a heart.
Oak leaves will expand at the top of the leaf.
Maple has a wide sheet plate with pointed ends.
Rowan has a complex leaf, on the central petiole there are up to 15 small leaves.
Composite leaf and chestnut. Slightly pointed leaves are joined at the top of the main petiole.
Birch, mountain ash, oak, maple, linden are deciduous trees. They have their own distinctive features.
1) The presence of leaves.
2) In autumn, the color of the leaves changes.
3) All deciduous trees shed their foliage. This phenomenon is called leaf fall.
A large number of treesform a deciduous forest.
Let's take a look at some of the representatives of deciduous trees.
The most powerful tree in the forest is considered oak... Our ancestors believed an oak tree sacred tree... The oak is about 50 meters high and has a lifespan of 500 years. But there are also centenarians for more than a thousand years. In autumn they ripen on oak trees acorns.
These are hearty and nutritious fruits. The squirrel loves to feast on acorns, and will hide it in a hollow in reserve. The forest bird, the jay, is also a lover of delicious fruits. Race for acorns and wild boars, because they need to accumulate fat in order to survive the winter.
Our ancestors knew: a lot of acorns on an oak - by a harsh winter. Sow wheat when the oak leaves unfold. And the oak is also considered a symbol of power and strength. The bravest warriors were awarded with oak wreaths.
People say about cowardly people: "It trembles like an aspen leaf." In reality, the aspen leaf trembles from the slightest breath of wind. This is due to the structure of the petiole ... The stalk of the aspen is very thin and long, even in calm weather, the leaves of the aspen quietly rustle... In the spring, before the leaves appear, catkins appear on the aspen. People say: "The fluff flew from the aspen, go into the forest for the aspen boletus."
These are mushrooms that love to grow under the aspen. The caps of these mushrooms resemble the autumn coloration of aspen leaves.
What tree is this riddle about?
It takes from my flower
Bee is the most delicious honey.
And everyone offends me
The thin skin is removed.
it Linden. The fragrant, fragrant linden flowers attract bees. And it's not for nothing that bees produce linden honey, it has healing properties... Our ancestors went to the linden tree for bast. This is the inside of the bark. Thin strips were removed from the tree and bast shoes were woven. Linden wood is very soft and white. Furniture, dishes and musical instruments are made from it.
The second group of trees is conifers. Needles are modified leaves. Conifers include spruce, pine, cedar, fir, larch. A forest consisting of conifers is called coniferous... Unlike deciduous trees, conifers do not shed their needles in the fall, therefore their other name is evergreen.
Spruce is an evergreen coniferous tree. The crown of the tree goes down to the ground, so it is dark and damp in the spruce forests. Spruce forests are called spruce forests... Spruce roots are located close to the surface of the earth. Therefore, spruce trees fall from a strong wind, forming impassable thickets and windbreaks. It looks like a spruce branch with cones. Cones are oblong.
Spruce is very interesting and useful tree... Its wood is used for manufacturing musical instruments and paper. Conifers emit special substances, they fill the air with a pleasant aroma and purify it. How much joy the green beauty brings to the house under New Year!
Pine is a coniferous tree. The crown of the tree is at the very top, so it is light in the pine forests. Such a forest is called pine forest... The pine tree has strong roots, so it is not afraid of it. strong winds... Pine can also grow on rocks and ravines. It looks like a pine branch with a cone.
The pine needles are longer than those of the spruce. The needles grow on a branch two at a time. Cones are short, rounded.
Among conifers there is a tree with unusual properties - this larch... Like spruce and pine, larch has needles; in autumn, larch turns yellow and sheds needles like leaves, which is why it is called larch. In the spring, young needles appear again from the buds.
If there are both coniferous and deciduous trees in the forest, such a forest is called mixed.
Trees are the lungs of our planet. Absorbing harmful substances, trees emit air, oxygen. Leaves trap fumes and soot. Trees must be protected.
In the next lesson, the topic "Autumn in plant life" will be discussed. In the course of this lesson, we will learn about the most important seasonal changes that occur with almost all plants. Let's see how autumn manifests itself, and then we will find out the role of autumn in plant life.
1. Samkova V.A., Romanova N.I. The world 1. - M .: Russian word.
2. Pleshakov A.A., Novitskaya M.Yu. The world around us 1. - M .: Enlightenment.
3. Gin A.A., Fire S.A., Andrzheevskaya I.Yu. The world around us 1. - M .: VITA-PRESS.
1. Describe deciduous trees.
2. Describe conifers.
3. Guess riddles.
1. I have a longer needle than the tree.
I grow very straight - in height.
If I'm not at the edge
Branches only at the top of the head. (Pine)
2. You will always find her in the forest -
You go for a walk and meet:
It is prickly like a hedgehog
In the winter in a summer dress. (Spruce)
3. Into this sleek carton
Bronze color
A small oak tree is hidden
Next summer. (Acorn)
4. Who knows what kind of tree it is?
A relative has a Christmas tree
Thornless needles.
But unlike the tree -
Those needles are falling. (Larch)
5.Takes from my flower
Bee is the most delicious honey.
And they still offend me,
Thin skin is ripped off. (Linden)
In most cases, conifers can be easily identified by their leaves (needles).
Photo 1. Cedar pine or Siberian cedar. Needles.
Let's start from the very simple option, but at the same time, as practice shows, the least known for the average person living in the Urals.
Quite remarkable needles, aren't they? Guess what kind of tree? This is a cedar pine. The second name of this tree is "Siberian cedar", although the tree belongs to the pine genus. Cedar pine needles are noticeably longer than Scots pine needles, which makes the tree look very fluffy.
On average, the length of the needles is 7-8 cm, but can reach 12-13 centimeters, the color dark green
... In Yekaterinburg, this plant can be seen in the Botanical Garden on 8 Marta Street, near the bridge over the Iset along Malysheva Street, etc. Natural habitat: Siberia, Ural, Altai; almost never occurs in the forests around Yekaterinburg.
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Photo 2. Scots pine. Needles.
Pine is the most common coniferous tree in the Urals; in most cases, no one has any problems with its definition. Pine needles steam room (2 needles each), 4-7 cm in length, dark green colors.
Photo 3. Spruce prickly blue. Needles.
One of the most popular conifers used for landscaping cities in Russia.
Of course, this is a blue spruce. The needles of this spruce are very hard and prickly, they stand out for their gray-blue in color, as a rule, unlike ordinary spruce, the trees are more fluffy - the needles are located almost perpendicular to the shoot and have a length of 2-3 centimeters. The needles are evenly distributed around the branch.
Photo 4. Norway spruce. Needles.
A keen eye will immediately notice the differences in the shade of the needles, and if you put two spruces (blue and ordinary) side by side, then the differences will become obvious to any person. Unlike the blue spruce, which was imported (introduced) from Canada, the common spruce is well known to us since childhood, many dress it up for the New Year, and the generation of boys of the seventies and eighties of the XX century remembers these trees as excellent sticks for playing hockey with a ball. when the tip of the tree was bent and the rope net was stretched to form a feather. The needles of the common spruce green or dark green , its stiffness and thorniness to the touch is somewhat less than that of blue spruce, largely due to the fact that the needles are less fluffy and adjoin closer to the branch. The length of the needles is relatively short, on average 1.5-2 cm. In adult trees, shoots with needles, branching from slightly curved central stem branches, are usually directed downward. The view of a mature tree resembles a candelabrum with a crystal pendant. On these grounds, it is not difficult to distinguish common spruce from other conifers. Spruce can often be found in forests, this is the second most common coniferous tree in the Urals (more often only pines can be found)
Photo 5. Larch. Needles.
What is the name of the coniferous tree that sheds its foliage for the winter? Of course it's larch. But it is not necessary to wait for winter to separate this coniferous tree from others. Larch needles are very delicate and soft. The color is lighter ( light green) shade than other conifers.
Photo 6. Fir. Needles.
And finally, one of the most beautiful conifers is fir. Fir needles are soft relative to spruces and pines, in section, as a rule, they have a narrow elliptical or flat shape, unlike spruces and pines in which the shape of the needles is diamond-shaped in cross-section. The tips of the needles, in most cases, are either blunt or bifurcated, and on the underside of the needles you can distinguish a couple of light stripes.