Where does Yunna Moritz live. Presentation "junna moritz" presentation on fiction on the topic

BIOGRAPHY

"AND IN THE BLACK LISTS I WAS LIGHT ..."
(very short biography - by popular demand)

As a rule, the main circumstances are nailed down in bare numbers.

She was born on June 2, 1937 in Kiev. My father had a double higher education: engineering and legal, he worked as an engineer on transport branches. Mother graduated from high school before the revolution, gave lessons in French, mathematics, worked in arts and crafts, as a nurse in a hospital and whoever has to, even a woodcutter.

In the year of my birth, my father was arrested on a slanderous denunciation, after several months of torture they found him innocent, he returned, but quickly became blind. My father's blindness had a profound effect on the development of my inner vision.

In 1941-45, my mother, father, older sister and I lived in Chelyabinsk, my father worked at a military plant.

In 1954 I finished school in Kiev and entered the correspondence department of the philological faculty.

In 1955, she entered the full-time poetry department of the Literary Institute in Moscow and graduated in 1961.

In the summer - fall of 1956, on the Sedov icebreaker, I sailed in the Arctic and spent many winter quarters, including at Cape Zhelaniya, which is on Novaya Zemlya, in the area of ​​which the "non-peaceful atom" was tested. The people of the Arctic, winterers, pilots, sailors, their way of life, work (including scientific), the laws of the Arctic community influenced my 19-year-old personality so much that I was very quickly expelled from the Literary Institute for "the growth of unhealthy moods in my work" and published a huge devastating article in Izvestia signed by V. Zhuravlev, who later became famous for publishing Anna Akhmatova's poems in the same Izvestia, signing them with his own name and making minor edits in them.

In 1961, my first book was published in Moscow, "Cape Zhelaniya" (no romantic "desires"! .. purely geographical name of a cape on Novaya Zemlya), - Nikolai Tikhonov punched the book into print when I was once again accused of - not ours, not a Soviet poet, whose talent is especially harmful, since it strongly and vividly affects the reader in the spirit of the West.

My second book "The Vine" was published in Moscow 9 years later, in 1970, because I was blacklisted for the poems "In Memory of Titian Tabidze", written in 1962. I am convinced that all the "black lists" in the department of literature, always and now, are composed by some writers against others, because repression is a very profitable business.

Due to the fact that my poems for children were not yet known to anyone and therefore did not fall under the ban, in 1963 I was able to publish a bunch of poems for children in the magazine "Youth", where on this occasion the column "For younger brothers and sisters" appeared. The reader instantly paid me with love.

Being engaged in the poetics of personality, the languages ​​of the fine arts and the philosophy of the poetic world, I then got great pleasure from the fact that the "black lists" shone so brightly and only expanded the circle of loving readers.

From 1970 to 1990, I published lyric books: "The Vine", "A Harsh Thread", "In the Light of Life", "The Third Eye", "Favorites", "Blue Fire", "On This High Bank", "In the Lair of Voices ". After that, it was not published for 10 years.

"Face" (2000), "Thus" (2000,2001), "By law - hello to the postman" (2005, 2006) were published with the inclusion of pages of my graphics and paintings, which are not illustrations, these are such verses, in that language.

For many years I was not allowed abroad, despite hundreds of invitations from international poetry festivals, forums, universities and the media - they were afraid that I would run away and thus ruin international relations. But still, since 1985, I have had author's evenings at all the famous international poetry festivals in London, Cambridge, Rotterdam, Torronto, Philadelphia. The poems have been translated into all major European languages, also into Japanese, Turkish, Chinese.

Now those who were afraid that I would run away are afraid that I will not run away, but will write more than one "Star of Serbia". And let them be afraid! ..

In "Izvestia", and then in other Pechorgania, a sloppy note slipped through, where they called me a laureate of the State Prize and did not apologize to the readers for this mistake. My prizes are as follows: "Golden Rose" (Italy), "Triumph" (Russia), A.D. Sakharova (Russia).

My distant ancestors came to Russia from Spain, on the way they lived in Germany.

I believe in the Creator of Universes, in beginninglessness and infinity, in the immortality of the soul. I have never been an atheist and have never been a member of any of the religious communities.

Many sites that publish lists of Russian Freemasons have given me the honor to be on these lists. But I am not a Freemason.

* * *

And in the black lists it was light for me
And alone I had many children,
In a square black angel's wing
I bleached the air in different colors.

Deep old women, old people
I saw not a disgusting age,
And that deepness, whose depths are deep -
Like secret knowledge, where light is like spots.

From spots of light falling into spots of darkness,
I was covered with air with my eyes
Reading unforgettable psalms
According to the starry book, whose eyes are above us.

Waves through me, glowing, flowed
A space of rhythms that is much deeper than windows.
And in the black lists it was light for me
And crowded in deep loneliness.

Yunna Petrovna Moritz
Russian poet.

Yunna Petrovna (Pinkhusovna) Moritz was born on June 2, 1937 in Kiev. In the same year, her father was arrested, released a few months later, but after suffering torture, he quickly became blind. According to the poetess, her father's blindness had an extraordinary impact on the development of her inner vision.

In 1954 she graduated from school in Kiev, entered the philological faculty of Kiev University. By this time, the first publications appeared in periodicals.

In 1955, she entered the daytime poetry department of the Literary Institute. AM Gorky in Moscow and graduated from it in 1961, despite the fact that in 1957 she was expelled from there along with Gennady Aigi for "unhealthy moods in creativity." It was a serious "repression" with the eviction from Moscow, which in 1957 was fraught with more than just "disgrace".

In 1961, the poetess's first book in Moscow, "Cape Zhelaniya" (after the name of a cape on Novaya Zemlya), was published, based on the impressions of a trip to the Arctic on the Sedov icebreaker in the summer of 1956.

Her books were not published (for the poems "Fist fight" and "In memory of Titian Tabidze") from 1961 to 1970 (at that time there were "black lists" for publishers and censorship) and from 1990 to 2000. (Post-War Russian Poetry, Edited by Daniel Weissbort, Penguin Books, London, 1974).

But her "pure lyricism of resistance", declared in the book "By the Law - Hello to the Postman" is open to a wide circle of attentive readers, and the space of this resistance is enormous along all radii. The highest values ​​- human life and human dignity - are dedicated to the poem "The Star of Serbia" (about the bombing of Belgrade), which was published in the book "Face", as well as the cycle of short prose "Stories of the Miraculous" (published in "October", in the "Literary Gazette ", And abroad, and now they are published as a separate book -" Stories of the Miraculous ").

Her lyric poems are written in the best traditions of classical poetry, and at the same time are absolutely modern. About her literary teachers and passions, Yunna Moritz says: "Pushkin was always my contemporary, my closest companions were Pasternak, Akhmatova, Tsvetaeva, Mandelstam, Zabolotsky, and the teachers were Andrei Platonov and Thomas Mann."

She refers to her poetic environment as “Blok, Khlebnikov, Homer, Dante, Tsar Solomon - the alleged author of the Song of Songs - and poets of Greek antiquity” (from an interview with the newspaper Gazeta, May 31, 2004).

Yunna Moritz is the author of poetry books, including "In the Lair of the Voice" (1990), "Face" (2000), "Thus" (2000), "By law - hello to the postman!" (2005), as well as books of poetry for children ("A Big Secret for a Small Company" (1987), "Bouquet of Cats" (1997)). Many songs have been written on the poems of Yunna Moritz. She is a great artist, her books contain hundreds of sheets of the author's graphics, which are not illustrations, but "such poetry in such a language."

Poems by Yunna Moritz were translated by Lydia Pasternak, Stanley Kunitz, William J. Smith with Vera Dunh, Thomas Whitney, Daniel Weisbort, Elaine Feinstein, Caroline Forshe. Her poems have been translated into all European languages, as well as Japanese and Chinese.

Laureate of the A. D. Sakharov - “for the civic courage of the writer”, the “Triumph” (Russia), “Golden Rose” (Italy) awards, the International Moscow Book Fair prize in the “Book of the Year” nomination - “Poetry 2005”, the A. Delviga - 2006, Prize of the International Book Fair in the nomination "Together with the book we grow" 2008.

Private bussiness

Yunna Petrovna (Pinkhusovna) Moritz (78 years old) was born in Kiev into a Jewish family. As Moritz herself says, her father was arrested on a slanderous denunciation in the year of her birth. After several "torture months" he was found not guilty and released, but after his return he quickly began to lose his sight. “The blindness of my father had an extraordinary effect on the development of my inner vision,” the poet later wrote. Mother, in her own words, "graduated from high school before the revolution, gave lessons in French, mathematics, worked in arts and crafts, as a nurse in a hospital and by whom, even a lumberjack."

During the war, from 1941 to 1945, the family lived in evacuation in Chelyabinsk, where his father worked at a military plant. At the end of the war, they returned to Kiev.

In 1954, Yunna graduated from high school and entered the correspondence department of the philological faculty of Kiev University. By this time she had already begun to publish - the first poems by Moritz were published in the magazine "Soviet Ukraine" in 1955. In the same year, she entered the full-time poetry department of the Literary Institute. A. M. Gorky in Moscow. Since the scholarship was not enough to live on, Yunna worked part-time as a proofreader in a printing house.

In the summer of 1956, she set sail in the Arctic on the Sedov icebreaker and visited Novaya Zemlya. This journey, communication with the conquerors of the Arctic - winterers, pilots, sailors, had a great influence on Yunnu. “The laws of the Arctic community influenced my 19-year-old personality so much that I was very quickly expelled from the Literary Institute for“ growing unhealthy moods in my work, ”” she wrote in her autobiography. She was expelled along with Gennady Aigi and Bella Akhmadulina for a year - with a probationary period. A year later, Yunna recovered at the Literary Institute, which she graduated in 1961.

In 1957, at the height of the Khrushchev thaw, the first poetry collection by Yunna Moritz, A Conversation about Happiness, was published. In 1961 - the book "Cape Desire" (named after a cape on Novaya Zemlya), written under the impression of a trip to the Arctic. After that, from 1961 to 1970, Yunna Moritz's books were not published - because of the poems she wrote "Fist fight" and "In memory of Titian Tabidze" ("A star falls on Mtskheta ..."). After being included in the "black list", the poetess switched to poetry for children. In 1963, in the Yunost magazine, under the heading “For younger brothers and sisters,” she managed to print a series of her poems.

In 1970, the collection "Vine" by Yunna Moritz was published, in 1974 - "A Harsh Thread". Later, books of poems "In the Light of Life" (1977), "Third Eye" (1980), "Selected" (1982), "Blue Fire" (1985), "On This High Coast" (1987), "Portrait of Sound ", Published in Italy (1989) and" In the den of the voice "(1990).

For the next 10 years - from 1990 to 2000 - the books of Junna Moritz were not published again. At this time, she was known for her democratic views, made political commentaries on Radio Liberty.

In the 2000s, the collections of poetry "Face" (2000), "Thus" (2001), "By law - hello to the postman" (2005) were published. The books were illustrated with drawings by the poetess herself.

In 2000, Yunna Moritz was awarded the Triumph Prize, awarded by the Russian Independent Foundation for the Promotion of High Achievements in Literature and Art. In 2004 she became a laureate of the Andrei Sakharov Prize "For Courage in Literature".

There is little information about Yunna Moritz's personal life and they are abrupt - the poetess never advertised her. In the 1960s, her husband was the renowned translator of Estonian literature and poet Leon Toom, "one of the most romantic figures in literary Moscow in the 1950s and 1960s." Toom died tragically in 1969, falling out of a window. Subsequently, Yunna married the writer Yuri Shcheglov (Yuri Varshaver).

The son of Yunna Moritz, Dmitry Glinsky (Vasiliev), graduated from the philological faculty of Moscow State University. He is currently on the Commission on the Jewish People of the UJA-Federation of NY and the Commission on Immigration Affairs of the New York branch of the American Jewish Committee. Dmitry is also the founder and president of the Russian-speaking public council in Manhattan and the Bronx.

Junna Moritz

What is famous for

Yunna Moritz is the author of many poetry books, but the overwhelming majority of our fellow citizens know her precisely as a children's poetess, on whose kind and eccentric poems more than one generation of Russians grew up. "Rubber Hedgehog", "Pony Runs in a Circle", "Big Secret for a Small Company", "A Dog Can Bite" and other children's poems by Yunna Moritz have already become real classics. Many of them were set to music and became famous performed by Sergei and Tatiana Nikitin.

The poet's poems have been translated into many European languages, as well as into Japanese and Chinese.

The work of Yunna Moritz in recent years (in particular, a series of poems "Not for print"), causes fierce controversy and is considered, rather, not in the context of literature, but as rhymed journalism of a protective sense.

What you need to know

In addition to writing her own poems, Junna Moritz did a lot of poetry translations. In particular, she translated Oscar Wilde, Federico Garcia Lorca, Cesar Vallejo, Konstantinos Cavafis, Ovsey Driz, Rasul Gamzatov, Taras Shevchenko, Moisey Teif.

An appeal to the works of the poet Moses Teif aroused Yunna Moritz's interest in the Jewish theme. In 1964, Teif's poetry collection "Handshake" was published in her translations, which the poet himself highly valued as the most consistent with the spirit of the original. The collection was a success, and the famous poem "Kihelekh and Zemelekh" ("Near the bakery on Gorky Street") was set to music by the composer M. Dunaevsky. The song, written in 1967, was performed in the play "The Tale of Tsar Maximilian" by the "Our House" studio at Moscow State University. And although in the future the song was forbidden to be performed at the performance, it has already gained great popularity and "went to the people."

Later the poem was included in the repertoire of the theater "At the Nikitsky Gate" by Mark Rozovsky, who created from it a small play of one poem "Kihelekh and Zemelekh".

Direct speech

Traveling in the Arctic: “I never forget the people of that Arctic, where I saw a completely different way of life, not mainland, without any shops, streets, cinemas, where life depended on radio operators, on radiation, navigation, aviation, ice reconnaissance, there is space - inside a person ... In the mirror of the Arctic, you can see who you are and what is the price of your personality, your actions, your mind and talent to be human. The feeling of the Arctic is a gift of fate, especially at the age of 19, it is divine wealth and frost resistance to 'public opinion'. "

About their teachers: "Pushkin was always my contemporary, my closest companions were Pasternak, Akhmatova, Tsvetaeva, Mandelstam, Zabolotsky, and my teachers were Andrei Platonov and Thomas Mann."

About women's poetry: "Every Russian poetess, who was born forty to fifty years later than Anna Akhmatova and Marina Tsvetaeva, is doomed like a Spartan baby: life for the strong, death for the weak."

About poetry for children: “There was and is some stupid prejudice that never an“ adult ”poet can be“ childish ”and vice versa. And I proceeded from the fact that adults read books to children and only then children begin to read poetry themselves. So I wrote poems for children that would be interesting for both adults and myself. I wrote for children with rapture, waving my ears in absolute freedom, which I still do with great pleasure. "

About blacklists: "I am convinced that all the" black lists "in the department of literature, always and now, are composed by some writers against others, because repression is a very profitable business."

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Writer, artist
R. 1937

The works of a wonderful poet, prose writer, a member of the Union of Russian Writers, artist Yunna Moritz are loved by both children and adults: "A dog can bite ...", "Rubber hedgehog ...", "Pony", "It's good to be young ...". It is known that she lives in Moscow, but that Chelyabinsk is not a stranger to her, few know.

Yunna's childhood coincided with the Great Patriotic War. She brought her family to Chelyabinsk. These years remained in the memory for a lifetime: it is no coincidence that many years later Y. Moritz wrote stories and poems about that terrible time and about the city that sheltered her family. It is worth carefully reading her prose book "Stories of the Miraculous" and poetry collections "On this high bank" and "By law - hello to the postman" to make sure how much she talked about her connections with Chelyabinsk. One of the stories about life in Chelyabinsk is multiply called "Cold, Glad, Light" (collection "Stories about the Miraculous"). Piercing, frank poems and stories about this period in the life of the poetess are interesting to us not only because they are associated with Yunna Petrovna's childhood, but they are vivid pictures from the life of Chelyabinsk residents during the war.

Yu. P. Moritz was born on June 2, 1937 in Kiev. In a short autobiography, she told about her parents: “... My father had a double higher education: engineering and legal, he worked as an engineer on transport lines. Mother graduated from high school before the revolution, gave lessons in French, mathematics, worked in arts and crafts, as a nurse in a hospital and by whom, even a lumberjack.

In the year I was born, my father was arrested on a slanderous denunciation, after several months of torture they found him innocent, he returned, but quickly became blind. My father's blindness had a profound effect on the development of my inner vision.

In 1941–45, my mother, father, older sister and I lived in Chelyabinsk, my father worked at a military plant ... ".

Yunna Petrovna will describe the details of her father's arrest in the story "Cold, Glad, Light" (collection "Stories about the Miraculous"). This story echoes a later, "happier" one that happened already in Chelyabinsk: “Three came and the manager of the house. Dad hung a glass house on the tree. The whole house fell and crashed. Mom became all white. And dad is all black. And they were hooligans in the dresser, in the closet, in jars of cereals and jam. They gutted the desk and the sofa ...

Dad told mom: everything will be settled. Don't panic. Don't panic. Only without nerves. Children are so impressionable! Their psyche must be protected. For them, nothing should change. Somewhere someone confused something. An error has occurred. This is a trifle in the great process of great history. Courage and serenity. The greatest knows everything, sees everything, hears everything. Dad will write to him. And my mother will write to him. Mom gave Daddy soap and a little box of junk. He did not take lard and bread. They feed there.

Dad exchanged this soap for cigarettes there. He smoked a lot. From this he lost his liver and kidneys. Then he could not swallow anything, he ate only liquid. You can't smoke that much. He turned into a skeleton. And then meat never grew on it. From this smoke he quickly became blind ... ".

So, war. The Nazis quickly approached Kiev. The train in which the family was traveling to evacuate came under severe bombing. Miraculously survived. After 44 years, Junna Moritz described the entire horror of that time in the poem "Remembrance":

From a burning train

on the grass

threw out children.

I swam

along the bloody, slippery ditch of human entrails, bones ...

So in the fifth year

lord sent me

salvation and a long way ...

but terror has crept into my blood and flesh -

and rolls there like mercury! ..

In the story “Cold, Glad, Light,” she writes about the consequences of that bombing: “I was bombed on the train. It makes me blink a lot. And I find it difficult to play with other children, they tease me for blinking ... ".

And here is the family in Chelyabinsk. At first they huddled in someone else's kitchen, and then throughout the war they lived in the basement of a house on ul. Elkina (not far from today's Lenin Avenue). It has not survived. Later J. Moritz wrote about this housing:

Throughout the war, I lived underground, where ice cream was stored before the war.

We warmed the earth with the whole family, taking the place we were supposed to.

We loved this cellar

They built a brick stove there,

Whitewashed the walls, the ceiling,

They laid a roof that was not a rag ... I woke up at night sometimes -

I thought we were already killed ...

And he ends this poem with the words:

... We loved this sarcophagus.

Leaving, they smiled tearfully ...

In the poem "Those Times" there is another story from a wartime childhood:

He was seven years old.

And I am seven years old.

I had tuberculosis, but the poor fellow did not.

In the dining room for emaciated children

I was given lunch ...

I carried in a handkerchief

One of two cutlets ...

We both survived, biting into one

One lunch ticket.

And two skeletons rubbed into heaven,

With one ticket!

Yunna was really sick with tuberculosis then.

One could continue to quote the poems of Yunna Moritz about childhood in Chelyabinsk. For her whole life she remembered the cruel pictures of the war. Lines about a hungry boy in the poem "Thief":

In the winter of the forty-third year

I saw with my own eyes

like a thief stealing in the bazaar

piece of beef ...

he was ten years old

Ten or twelve ...

The thief was caught, they began to beat, then the crowd came to their senses , felt sorry for the boy , people began to shove him food,

But the thief took nothing,

He only whined, whined,

I only tormented, tormented

Bloody piece of cow ...

Not only in poetry, but also in Yunna Petrovna's prose, the realities of Chelyabinsk life are reflected: how they lived, father's work ... “... And the leader urgently sent his father to a secret plant to make a tank out of a tractor. But dad also made an airplane, and bombs, and mines. Now he gets a ration. As everybody.

From rations, my mother and I sell alcohol at the bazaar and buy tobacco for dad for 90 rubles per glass with top. And we take it to the plant. At the checkpoint they take a package and a note that everything is fine.

The plant is very disguised, and dad spends the night there in a disguised room. Once he spent the night at home and screamed terribly in his sleep, like a run over dog ... ”.

These are lines from the story "Cold, smooth, light". And how was it really? What factory and who did Yunna's father work in? It was not possible to contact Yunna Petrovna. The author of the article is grateful to the daughter of Yuri Libedinsky, Maria Govorova, who is familiar with Yunna Moritz, for her help in the search for materials. At the same time, there was an appeal to the United State Archives of the Chelyabinsk Region. It turned out that lists of the evacuees are kept there. And there is information about the family of Peter Borisovich Moritz. Yunna's father worked at factory number 541. Behind this number was the cartridge factory, which was located in the building of the pedagogical institute. The father's position is the head of the transport detachment. And here are the lines from a letter from Yunna Moritz to Maria Govorova: "Not only my dad, but also my sister Tina Petrovna Moritz worked at a factory, dragged mine cases when she was in grade 9 and until graduation ... She always has it afterwards." in life, "her back and abdominal muscles ached - from carrying heavy iron at that plant ... She was paid a few pennies before her retirement for" work in the rear "- according to the certificates she obtained from Chelyabinsk. But at which plant my father worked and at which sister, I don’t know, to my deep shame ... They made ammunition there, and my father was responsible for transporting and dispatching wagons with this ammunition. Once the carriage got stuck somewhere in Biysk or Orsk, and my father was sent under escort to look for him - my mother was black with the thought that the carriage would not be found and my father would be shot. But I remember well how he suddenly returned - alive! - in a tattered red sheepskin coat, he smelled of gasoline and he was all wet from a snowstorm. A moment before his return, a tiny red spider came down from the ceiling of the basement, I screamed wildly and screamed in fear of this tiny one who was swinging so close, and my mother said that this was great news and maybe my father would come back from a business trip ... At 41 we lived in the kitchen, slept on the beds, and when I fell ill with measles, I was put on a separate bed, the window was overgrown with ice of such thickness that words cannot be described, it was there, after measles, that I fell ill with pulmonary tuberculosis and "lymphadenitis" are quite poetical diseases! !! "

In her short autobiography, Yunna Petrovna writes that her mother was given felt boots at work. And in the cold Ural winters, they were worn in turn - by mother and daughters. In addition to working in the hospital, my mother made artificial flowers, and six-year-old Yunna helped her (story "Flowers to my mother"). They handed them over to the artel of art products. “These products in 1943 were the squeak of Western fashion, the warring homeland sold them abroad, where they wore these flowers on dresses, coats and hats. Three times a month, my mother and I received in the artel excerpts - paragraphs - fragments - rags of washed hospital sheets and pillowcases, a skein of thin wire ... a can of stinking glue, two or three paints .... From this, one hundred and twenty-five glasses of wonderful flowers turned out. They were cut, dyed and brought to dazzling grace by my mother, transparent from hunger ... ”.

In September 1944, Yunna entered the school № 1 named. Engels, where her older sister Tina was already studying. It is easy to find traces of school life in those years in poetry and stories: “The desk is one for three. Don't put two elbows on the desk. This makes the neighbor cramped ... There is thick purple ice on the windows. It doesn't blow through the putty, but the cold bites into the walls like apples - and the walls crunch.

It's colder than anything - in the wall and in the back ... Mom washed Masha. Masha washed Misha. Where did mom and Masha get the soap?

At the bazaar - a piece of two hundred rubles. The best soap is a dog's soap with tar, from it typhoid lice die ... ".

“I am eating blotter ... Everyone is chewing blotter. The whole class. Forty-three people. " “Blotter is like air, you can eat it endlessly. A pinkish gruel is obtained from it in the mouth. Fresh, slightly sweetish ... ". “Soon they will call, and they will give you a bun with sugar. And who was not at school yesterday, that - two ... "(story" Cold, smooth, light ").

Then, in order to support the children, at the big break they were given a small bun and a teaspoon of sugar. Junna is lucky. She had a good teacher - Antonina Kuzminichna Moskvicheva. Her husband is at the front. She treated her students like her own children. Yunna remembered that when she got sick and did not go to school for twenty days, Antonina Kuzminichna came to her and brought her twenty rolls and the same amount of spoons of sugar that she had saved for the girl.

“In the fall, we helped her (the teacher - author) ferment cabbage in a barrel. She is starving with two children. And he wears galoshes on bast shoes, and bast shoes on woolen chuvyaki ... On Saturdays - concerts for the wounded. I sing and read Nekrasov. It smells of iodine, blood, pus and sweat. Terribly sick at first. And then everyone gets used to it. And they recover ”(story“ Cold, smooth, light ”).

And now the war is over. In the story "Apples" there are the following lines:

“The last apple was eaten when I was four years old, then the war drove us far away from apples, and I completely forgot that they are being eaten. But I made a great many apples with my mother and sister, not longing for a living apple - only round bread ... I made the last apple when I was eight years old, immediately then the war ended, and we drove off, went in the opposite direction, home, in wooden wagons, in some places in carts ... And suddenly at the station they are selling apples in buckets! ... Then I had an apple to eat - what to eat a stool or a key to the door. My memory did not eat apples and resisted fiercely ... I then had to gnaw one apple with a leaf, white filling. And that white apple turned red ... ".

Everyone then had vitamin deficiency. It is necessary to clarify: before the war and during it, there were no collective gardens in Chelyabinsk, there were almost no apple trees. Therefore, Yunna could not see real apples.

Yunna Moritz has a wonderful poem "After the War" (1955).

A light flickers in the ruins

Someone is alive there, holding the fire with his teeth.

And the world is beautiful, and my path is so far! ..

And it smells from me three miles away

A living piece of laundry soap

And pure power hovers over us -

The flannel is clean and the hair is clean!

And I'm dressed in a clean robe

And I step next to a pure mother ...

And there is no war, and we go from the bath,

I am eight years old, and my path is so far!

In 1945, the family returned to Kiev, where Yunna graduated from high school in 1954 with a gold medal and her first poems were printed. She studied in Moscow at the Literary Institute. M. Gorky. She was expelled in 1957 for one year for “the growth of unhealthy moods in her work,” but then she was reinstated and graduated in 1961. In the same year, the Moscow publishing house published the first book by Yu. Moritz, “Cape of Desire” (in 1956. As a student, she traveled across the Arctic on the Sedov icebreaker).

Yunna Moritz's children's poems were first published in the Yunost magazine in 1963. Children and adults immediately fell in love with them. For her non-standard thought and freedom of opinion, she was included in the “black lists”, was not published for 20 years (from 1961 to 1970 and from 1990 to 2000), and was not released abroad. Her collections are published and republished: "A big secret for a small company" (1987, 1990), "By law - hello to the postman" (2005, 2006, 2008, 2010), "Bouquet of cats" (1997), "Move your ears" (2003 , 2004, 2005, 2006), etc. Her books have been translated into all European languages, as well as into Japanese and Chinese.

A lot of poems have become songs, especially many of them are among the famous performers-bards Tatyana and Sergei Nikitin. The composer Julius Halperin, when he lived in Chelyabinsk, wrote a cycle of songs based on poems by Yunna Moritz. The famous Chelyabinsk composer Elena Poplyanova has songs to her words.

Junna Moritz is not only a poet, but also an artist. Since childhood, she learned to draw from her mother and older sister. Sister Tina Moritz became an architect in Kiev. Many of her books were illustrated by Yunna Petrovna herself. The drawings are original, vivid, very complementary to what was written by the poet and prose writer.

Yunna Petrovna is not forgotten in Chelyabinsk. The museum of school No. 1 contains materials about it. It was created in 1974 and directed by V. M. Pimenova for many years. Varvara Mitrofanovna corresponded with Yunna Petrovna. In a letter from 1986, Moritz promised to come to Chelyabinsk, but illness was not allowed.

The Chelyabinsk publishing house "AutoGraph" published the book by Yunna Moritz "Vanechka" (2002). The entire collection consists of acrostics (the first letters of each line, when read from top to bottom, form a word or phrase). At the end of the book "love letters" and drawings of the poetess to her grandson Vanechka, who lives in America.

A lot of correspondence and friendship connected Yunna Petrovna and the Rubinsky family, well-known in Chelyabinsk. When the famous poet, composer, playwright, teacher Konstantin Rubinsky was young, he really liked the poems of Yunna Moritz. He was sure that all the poets had already died, and cried, pitying her. Kostya's mother - poet and musician Natalya Borisovna - got in touch with Yunna Petrovna. Correspondence ensued, Kostya wrote poetry and fairy tales to Yunna Petrovna in clumsy letters. When one day he fell ill, Yunna Petrovna sent a rare medicine for him. The Rubinsky family cherishes the letters of Yunna Moritz. With the permission of Konstantin Sergeevich Rubinsky, we present excerpts from one large letter, where the little son of Yunna Petrovna, Mitya, is mentioned:

“Dear Kitty! I received your letter today and was very happy about it, because I love all your fairy tales extraordinarily ... And in the morning sparrows, titmouses, crows fly to my balcony, I give them a loaf to be torn apart, and they rejoice. When I walk down the street, these birds of mine accompany me to the subway or wait for me in a crowd at the store. So I work as a poultry woman ... And now I am writing you a letter and preparing soup for Mitya, and Mitya is typing his stories on a different typewriter, on an old one. And I also fry potatoes for him. So I work as a cook. And at night I will compose poems, stories and songs, and at the same time wash my shirts and other very important things. So I work as a laundress ...

Many people call me at night, and I talk to them while typing my work. And they ask: "Who prints it there?" And I say: “I don’t know who is typing all night with me on a typewriter? Who could it be? If I come across him, this printer, I will take away the typewriter from him in no time, and I will send him to the police, so that he does not interfere with my sleep at night! ” And she herself slowly knock-knock, knock-knock, you look and stumbled upon a rhyme! This is how I work as a poet.

And you, my dear Kitty, compose wonderful stories. I and my friends really like them. When we get together on a cold winter evening, drink tea and read your fairy tales, and say: “Ay-yes, Kitty, ay-yes, well done, his head is bright, and his soul is golden!” ...

Your Junna Moritz

Please send me your photo, I will look at it. "

Yunna Petrovna's poem "Notebook for Fairy Tales" is dedicated to Kostya Rubinsky:

Sweetheart bird

please at least an hour

I'll land you

by the river Miass.

There is the city of Chelyabinsk,

And in the city there is a house,

and my friend is in the house,

little gnome!

His name is Kostya,

And he is five years old

He can

Printed letters

Write…

This poem was included in the collection "A Big Secret for a Small Company" (1987). By the way, two years after publication, he received the 2nd prize at the All-Union competition for the best children's book.

Junna Moritz is a laureate of the Andrei Sakharov "For the civil courage of a writer" (2004), the "Triumph" prize (Russia, 2005), "Golden Rose" (Italy), the national prize "Book of the Year" (Moscow, international exhibition - fair, 2005, 2008), awards The Government of the Russian Federation for the book "The Roof Riding Home" (2011).

Chelyabinsk can be proud that the talented poet, prose writer, artist Yunna Moritz remembers our city and writes about it.

N. A. Kapitonova

Essays

• MORITZ, Y. P. Selected / Y. P. Moritz. - Moscow: Council. writer, 1982 .-- 495 p. : portr.
• Moritz, Y. P. In the light of life / Yunna Moritz; [artist. V. Medvedev]. - Moscow: Council. writer, 1977 .-- 143 p. : ill. - (Book of verses).
• MORITZ, Yu. P. Third eye: book. poetry / Junna Moritz. - Moscow: Council. writer, 1980 .-- 142 p.
• MORITZ, Y. P. House of the gnome, the gnome - at home! : [verses: book-toy with cutting: for children. age] / Junna Moritz; [artist. K. Ter-Zakharyants]. - Moscow: Planet of childhood: Publishing house. house "Premiere", 1998. - p. : col. silt
• MORITZ, Y. P. A dog can be a bite ...: [verses: for ml. shk. age] / Junna Moritz; rice. M. Belomlinsky. - Moscow: Ed.-ed. ob-nie "Samovar": Shalash, 1998. - 119, p. : col. silt
• Moritz, Yu. P. Face: poems; poem / Yu. P. Moritz. - Moscow: Rus. book., 2000 .-- 539 p. : ill. - (Poet. Russia).
• MORITZ, Y. P. Favorite pony: [poems] / Yunna Moritz. - Moscow: Pink Elephant,. - with. : ill. - (Coloring).
• MORITZ, Y. P. Vanechka: [acrostics: for children] / Y. P. Moritz; artist Gala Rudykh. - Chelyabinsk: Autograph, 2002 .-- 89, p. : ill.
• MORITZ, Yu. P. Move your ears: [for children from 5 to 500 years old: for preschool children. and ml. shk. age] / Junna Moritz; thin Evgeny Antonenkov. - Moscow: ROSMEN, 2003 .-- 148, p. : col. silt
• MORITZ, Y. P. Big secret for a small company: [poetry] / Yunna Moritz; [artist. I. Krasovskaya]. - Moscow: Strekoza-Press, 2005 .-- p. color silt - (We read it ourselves).
• MORITZ, Yu. P. Move your ears: [poems: for children. and ml. shk. age] / Junna Moritz; artist Evgeny Antonenkov. - Moscow: Rosmen, 2006 .-- 148, p. : ill.
• MORITZ, Yu. P. Beautiful is never in vain / Yunna Moritz; [rice. auth.]. - Moscow: Eksmo, 2006 .-- 350, p. : ill. - (Poet. B-ka).
• MORITZ, Y. P. According to the law - hello to the postman: [poems] / Yunna Moritz. - Moscow: Time, 2006 .-- 572, p. : ill.
• MORITZ, Y. P. Thumber-boomber: [poems: for reading by adults to children] / Yunna Moritz; artist E. Antonenkov. - [B. m.]: Papa Carlo, 2007. - p. : col. silt - (Magic string).
• MORITZ, Y. P. The roof was driving home: poems-hee-hee for children from 5 to 500 years old / Yunna Moritz; artist Evgeny Antonenkov. - Moscow: Time, 2010 .-- 95 p. : col. silt
• MORITS, Yu. P. Limon Malinovich Compress: poems-hee-hee for children from 5 to 500 years old: [for children ml. shk. age] / Junna Moritz; artist Evgeny Antonenkov. - Moscow: Time, 2011 .-- 95 p. : col. silt
• MORITZ, Y. P. Stories about the miraculous / Yunna Moritz; [drawing description - Junna Moritz]. - Moscow: Time, 2011 .-- 444, p. : ill., color. ill., fax., portr.

Literature

• GUSEVA, MF Moritz Yunna Petrovna (Pinkhusovna) / MF Guseva // Chelyabinsk region: encyclopedia: in 7 volumes / editorial board: KN Bochkarev (chief editor) [and others]. - Chelyabinsk: Kamen. belt, 2008. - T. 4. - S. 380.
• KAPITONOVA, N. A. Yunna Petrovna Moritz / N. A. Kapitonova // Literary Regional Studies. Chelyabinsk region: [textbook. manual for the basics. and cf. (full) school] / N. A. Kapitonova. - Chelyabinsk: Abris, 2008. - Issue. 2. - S. 109-116.
• KAPITONOVA, N. A. Yunna Moritz: "There is the city of Chelyabinsk, and in the city there is a house ..." / N. A. Kapitonova // Luch (Keren). - Chelyabinsk, 2011. - No. 1 (34). - S. 2–6.
• KAPITONOVA, N. Chelyabinsk childhood of Yunna Moritz / Nadezhda Kapitonova // Chelyab. worker. - 2011 .-- Sep 23. - S. 6.

Yunna Petrovna Moritz (born 1937) is a famous Russian poetess, translator, publicist. Her lyric poetry became the embodiment of the author's sharpness and sensitivity of the surrounding problems. The author is equally good at writing both love poems and works on the topic of the day. Moritz's works have been translated into many foreign languages. More than one generation of compatriots has been brought up on the children's poems of the poetess - "Pony", "Rubber Hedgehog", "Big Secret for a Small Company".

Childhood and youth

Junna Moritz was born on June 2, 1937 in Kiev. Her father worked as an engineer in various transport communications. Mother had a gymnasium education, but managed to work as a teacher of French and mathematics, a nurse and even a woodcutter. The early childhood of the future poetess, like that of many of her peers, was difficult. Yunna Petrovna recalls that the whole family had to live in one small room, and she and her sister did not even have their own bed.

The girl was born in the midst of Stalin's repressions, which did not pass by her father, who was arrested on a denunciation shortly after her birth. True, a few months later his innocence was found out, and he was released. However, after suffering the torture, the man began to lose his sight.

Soon the war broke out, and the whole family was evacuated to the South Urals, where his father worked at one of the military enterprises. Here, in Chelyabinsk, the first children's poem about a donkey was written. And Yunna, together with her older sister, were very fond of drawing. After the fascists were driven out, they returned to Kiev. Here the girl will go to school, which she will graduate from in 1954.

After receiving the certificate, Yunna began to study at the correspondence department of the philological faculty of Kiev University, where she got the opportunity to have her own corner in the form of a room in a hostel. By that time, she already had several publications in the magazine "Soviet Ukraine".



A year later, the girl decided to go to study at the Moscow Literary Institute, where she was enrolled in the poetry department. Here she continues to write a lot, as a result of which, in 1957, her first collection, A Conversation about Happiness, was published. To earn her living, Yunna Petrovna got a job as a proofreader in a printing house, where she worked at night. Since then, she has developed a habit of working when everyone is asleep.

During her studies, the poetess, always distinguished by an active life position, took part in a voyage in the Arctic aboard the Sedov icebreaker. The life of polar explorers, pilots and sailors seen by the young girl left a deep impression on her soul. All this did not fail to affect the subject matter of the works, to which the university administration in 1957 decided to expel Moritz with the wording "for the growth of unhealthy moods in his work." But in the end, she was still allowed to finish her studies at the institute, the walls of which she left in 1961. Yunna will present her impressions of the Far North in a collection of short prose "Stories of the Miraculous."

The beginning of the creative path

In the same year, the poetess's first book, Cape Zhelaniya, was published, named after the cape of the same name on Novaya Zemlya, which she visited during her student years. N. Tikhonov helped her to appear after the author of the poems was once again accused of anti-Sovietism and Western propaganda. Nevertheless, for 9 long years Moritz was included in the "black lists" and was not published in the USSR. The reason for the ban was the poems "In memory of Titian Tabidze" and "Fist fight". Despite the persecution, the latter was nevertheless published by the head of the poetry department of the magazine "Young Guard" V. Tsybin, for which he was immediately fired.

Thanks to the prohibitions, Yunna Petrovna revealed herself in these years as a talented children's poet. Her works for the younger generation were published by the magazine "Youth" in a specially created for this section "For younger brothers and sisters." Everyone is familiar with her magnificent poems about a rubber hedgehog, a pot-bellied teapot and a pony running in a circle. Well, “Big secret for a small company” has become the favorite lines of millions of children. In total, Moritz wrote eight children's books "From 5 to 500 Years."

In 1970, the second book of the poetess, entitled "The Vine", was published. The collection includes both works dedicated to modern days and memories of the war, and lyrical passages are replaced by vivid sketches of urban life. The poetess's poems, as always, were distinguished by a certain harshness and severity, behind which a deep sensuality is hidden.



Creative flourishing

During the period of his creative heyday, eight lyric collections were written, among which - "A Severe Thread", "In the Light of Life", "Third Eye", "Selected", "Blue Fire" and a number of others. Yunna Petrovna has always managed to write lyric poetry in the best traditions of the classics, while remaining modern. Her poetic language, devoid of unnecessary pathos, is filled with precise rhymes, repetitions and metaphors. The lyrical hero of the poetess stands out for his stormy temperament, uncompromising judgments and categorical conclusions.

Exactly 10 years, in the period from 1990 to 2000, Yunna Petrovna's books were not published. As the poetess said: "For ten years I have not published books under the regime I will not tell who." But immediately after a long pause, the collections "Face" and "Thus", published in 2000, were published. On their pages you can see the author's drawings, which Yunna Petrovna calls not illustrations ─ sailing verses. In 2005, the book "By the law ─ hello to the postman!" - another appeal to the reader who values ​​human dignity above all else. In this collection, Moritz introduces into circulation his own means of payment "love", with which the Reader and the Poet pay each other. Here the author turns color and line into a poetic gift, demonstrating them to the reader in the language of his poems.

In addition to creating her own works, Yunna Petrovna was engaged in translations of famous poets - F. Garcia Lorca, O. Wilde, K. Cavafy, R. Gamzatov, S. Velheo.



In the 90s, the poetess was actively involved in politics, participated in the activities of radical democratic movements, actively spoke with comments on the topic of the day at Radio Liberty.

Junna Moritz was awarded the A. D. Sakharova, she is a laureate of the Golden Rose, Triumph, International Book Fair.

Poetic credo

Yunna Petrovna notes that her poetry was strongly influenced by many remarkable authors who lived and worked at different times - Homer, V. Khlebnikov, A. Blok, A. Akhmatova, B. Pasternak, M. Tsvetaeva and, of course, A. Pushkin. She considers A. Platonov and T. Mann to be her direct teachers. She calls herself a "pure poet" and does not classify herself as either dissidents or whistleblowers. "That is why you cannot impose anything on me, no bullshit, no packaging."- says the poetess. She considers her main value to be human dignity, which she cannot lose under any circumstances. Therefore, in any situation, I am ready to call things as they are, and I am not used to subservience to anyone.

That is why Moritz condemned the NATO bombing of Serbia in 1999. Then the following lines came out from under her pen:
"Especially cultured guys,
The Balkans are culturally trashed ".



Another response of the poetess to the sensational action of the West was the poem "The Star of Serbia", in which she writes: "The war is already underway / Not with the Serbs, but with us"... In the same spirit, she will defend a pro-Russian position during the conflict in southeastern Ukraine. She calls herself an antidote to the "Russophobic poison", which is why she has not been to her native Kiev for more than 10 years and does not believe in the possibility of a quick return there. On this occasion, the poems "Another Ukraine" were written, in which she recalls the homeland that is truly close to her.

In 2016, on her Facebook page, the poetess posted a small essay on the murder of Russian journalists in Donbass and N. Savchenko in this case. Shortly thereafter, her social media account was blocked without explanation.

She categorically refuses to be published in various women's poetry collections, rightly believing that no one has thought of coming up with a male anthology yet. Despite her advanced age, Yunna Petrovna continues to create completely "non-classical" poems with rather loud names - "Leaf-fallen leaves", "Naiukhoyemsk signals" or "Culminations (moments)".

Personal life

The poetess does not like to dwell on the personal side of her biography. It is known that she was married several times. Among her husbands were the poet and translator L. Tom, the famous writer Yu. Scheglov, who wrote the stories "A Trip to the Steppe" and "Triumph". She has an adult son Dmitry, who became the organizer of the Russian-speaking public council in Manhattan and the Bronx.