Krenitsyn Volcano is an active volcano on the Onekotan Island of the Great Kuril Ridge. Typical two-tiered "volcano within a volcano".
Located in the southern part of Onekotan Island. Height 1324 m (the highest elevation of the island).
The volcanic cone (with a base diameter of 3.5-4 km) rises in the form of an island inside the Koltsevoe Lake (about 7 km in diameter) lying at an altitude of 400 m. The lake is surrounded by a somma - the walls of the more ancient Tao-Rusyr caldera (heights of 540-920 m with a bottom diameter of 16-17 km).
The volcano is the world's largest “volcano within a volcano”.
The volcano is one of the hundred wonders of Russia!
Now, if you read this, would you remain indifferent? I think no. And the distance of 15 kilometers would not stop.
In principle, our entire trip this year, out of absurdity, can claim the Book of Records.
Why? I'll tell you now. At the same time, I will slightly open the curtain of who, why and how this year was on board the Athena in order to go through the entire Great Kuril ridge.
I was ordered to organize a fishing tour. Yeah. To me. Rybolovny. Weak objections about the fact that all my fishing experience is limited to participation in the graduation party in kindergarten in a production based on the song "An amateur fisherman sits on the lake in the morning" (and, yes, I had a supporting role, that is, even there a fishing rod for me not given) that I actually organize ascents - all this was swept aside outright.
For now, even outside our country, people know that the main organizer of hiking in the Kuril Islands is me.
Here. And even better, don't ask how it happened. It's unexplainable.
People wanted fishing in the Kuril Islands. Good. After all, you don't have to be a fisherwoman yourself to organize all this. You need to be able to gather the right people in the right place. And this I can.
I got the right team.
Kolya is a merry fellow and a joker, but a terrible slob. Concurrently, an escort from the company where the ship is rented.
Igor Anatolyevich is a man of encyclopedic knowledge on the history of the Kuril Islands, a historian, a keeper of time, and so on ... Concurrently, he is the only one of us who knows a lot about fishing. But like all keen people, at any moment he could forget about everything in favor of fishing or in favor of crawling through the ancient trenches to study them.
Captain Zhenya. Who, during the discussion, always poured himself coffee, stepped back and said: "I'm a taxi driver, wherever you say, I'll take you there." And when I said where to take, I grabbed my head and started running across the bridge, shouting "Yes, what is this! She does not understand! She does not understand anything !!!"
And then I drove where I said and then I ceased to understand why I don’t understand this.
But in general, if this quartet were properly conducted, they could work wonders.
And miracles had to be done almost daily.
For we had 17 passengers on board. Some of them positioned themselves as fishing experts.
But when questions rained down about what equipment to take, and when they arrived at the PPK with a bunch of new, unpacked fishing equipment, I realized that not everything is so simple.
Most did not understand at all where they were going and what awaited them.
Is there a shower and toilet in each cabin? - on this question, asked to me before boarding the ship, I got stuck.
Here are a couple of examples to help you understand the real scale of the disaster called "my tourists".
Friends told one tourist that everyone was going hunting, the captain would have guns, and he needed to get a license for an ATV. That is, you can imagine my surprise when he came up to me and asked what guns the captain had. And yes, he got his ATV license too.
Another in general, only arriving at the airport, found out that we would go by ship. His only experience of walking on the sea was remembered for a terrible attack of seasickness. Since then, he tried to stay away from the sea and ships. And here is such a surprise from a friend.
And the main thing. None of them was a fan of hiking. Home - car - office - car. Here is a typical walking route. Walking a couple of kilometers is a feat.
And then I was like this: today we will go to the volcano, back and forth - 30 kilometers ...
But the eighth wonder of the world was promised, and they went.
The only plus from the complete lack of walking experience, people did not understand how it is - thirty kilometers. That is, last year, experienced tourists, accustomed to counting the length of the route literally to within a step, having learned about the distance, slightly hysterically made claims to me that I was setting unrealistic tasks.
And here for people that five kilometers, that thirty-five ...
And there were wet shoes, worn out feet. And over all this there is fog. Almost impenetrable.
I walked and told how beautiful it could be from the side. Even the ocean is visible.
Unwittingly, all the way I compared our last year's campaign and this year.
The weather in the Northern Kuriles is not sugar at all. But this year the weather was not happy at all. The spring was very late, so the summer did not have time to come there at all.
Last year, on the way to Krenitsyn, we were picking mushrooms and gorging ourselves on berries. In the same year, snow still lay in places on the slopes. The berries were just starting to bloom. And there were no mushrooms at all.
No. Of course, last year the weather was not great either. And as it seemed to us, not very good. It was foggy, and we even very close to the exit to the edge of the caldera managed to almost get lost in the fog. But to understand what the weather is not very good, it was necessary to go this way this year.
We passed it.
We reached the edge of the caldera. And there is an impenetrable fog ...
For a while, I tried to convince very optimistically that if you wait a little, wave your hands, blow, spit, then it will all disappear, and we will see a miracle.
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1 UDC, FIRST RESULTS OF BATIMETRIC SURVEY OF VOLCANIC LAKE RING (ONEKOTAN ISLAND, NORTHERN KURIL ISLANDS) 2017 D.N. Kozlov 1, A.V. Degterev 1, A.V. Rybin 1, I.G. Koroteev 1, I.M. Klimantsov 1, O.V. Chaplygin 2, I.V. Chaplygin 2 1 IMGiG FEB RAS, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk,; 2 IGEM RAS, Moscow, The paper presents the first results of bathymetric survey of the volcanic lake Koltsevoe (Onekotan Island, Northern Kuril Islands). Its main morphological elements and morphometric parameters are described, and a bathymetric scheme is presented. Key words: volcano, caldera, volcanic lake, morphology. INTRODUCTION Over the past decade, researchers from the Laboratory of Volcanology and Volcano Hazard at the Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics (IMGiG), FEB RAS, have been studying unique and inaccessible volcanic (crater) lakes of the Great Kuril Ridge. The studies are carried out using the modern technique of digital echolocation survey with synchronous satellite referencing of profiles (Kozlov, 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016; Kozlov, Belousov, 2007; Kozlov et al., 2016; Kozlov, Zharkov, 2009a, 2009b; Kozlov et al. , 2012). As a result of the work carried out, the features of the morphology of volcanic lakes were revealed and their exact morphometric characteristics were calculated (Table 1), the specifics of the genesis, functioning and evolution of lake systems were established, and their current state was described. Lake Ring on the island. Onekotan is one of the least studied volcanic reservoirs of the Kuril Islands. Geomorphologists and limnologists have practically not explored this unique and truly grandiose water body, which is a large reservoir of fresh water. For the first time, echo sounding measurements of the lake were carried out by A.B. Belousov in 2006 (Levin et al., 2007) using a high-precision digital echo sounder and satellite referencing of profiles. Information about these measurements has not been published in the form of profiles or diagrams, but they are the first literary mention of the maximum depth of the lake at 264 m. Brief information on the morphology of the lake (according to A.B. islands "(Kozlov, 2015). GEOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESEARCHED OBJECT Volcanic Lake Koltsevoye is located in the caldera of the Tao-Rusyr volcano, which forms the southern part of the island. Onekotan (Fig. 1). Its structure is represented by the gentle shield volcano Tao-Rusyr, which acts as a pre-caldera base in the massif built according to the Somma-Vesuvius type. The diameter of the base of the structure is ~ 15-16 km, the diameter of the caldera is 7.5 km, and its area is 45 km2. The caldera was formed as a result of a catastrophic explosive eruption, which, according to radiocarbon dating of charcoal from pyroclastic flows (Gorshkov, 1967; Kamchatka, 1974; New , 2005) occurred ~ 8350 years ago. (age calibration after (Weninger, Joris, 2004). The total volume of juvenile and resurgent material (tephra, explosive deposits, deposits of pyroclastic flows) of the Tao-89 caldera eruption
2 KOZLOV et al. Table 1. Morphometric characteristics of the volcanic lakes of the Kuril Islands. Lake name Hot Boiling Beautiful Turquoise Broughton Malachite Eye Black Ring Island Kunashir Kunashir Iturup Simushir Ketoy Ketoy Onekotan Onekotan Average volcano Golovnina Golovnina Urbich Zavaritskiy Uratman Ketoy Pallasa Peak Nemo Tao-Rusyr at coordinates 43 "52" N, "E" N, "E" N, "E" N, "E" N, "E" N, "E" N, "E" N, "E relative height above sea level sea, 11 mirror area, km 2 coastline length, km volume, km 3 length, km width max., km depth max., m ph n.a. 7.5 n / a n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. - \\ - age, thousand years ~ ~ 60-80 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. ~ 10 ~ 8 - \\ - hydrothermal fluids (up to 80 С) (up to 95 С) no (up to 40 С) no yes yes no up to 30 С - \\ - 90
3 FIRST RESULTS OF BATIMETRIC SURVEY Fig. 1. Scheme of the location of Onekotan Island (a), Tao-Rusyr caldera and the Koltsevoe volcanic lake (b). Rusyr, according to (Bazanova et al., 2016), amounted to km 3, with a weight of () 10 9 tons. Deposits of pyroclastic flows associated with this event currently occupy a significant part of the eastern coast of the island, gradually decreasing in thickness from south to north ... In addition, pyroclastic deposits also made a depression between the Tao-Rusyr somma and the Shestakov mountain massif (absolute height m) along the Fontanka and Olkhovaya rivers. The mountain is named in honor of the Russian explorer Vasily Afanasyevich Shestakov, who participated in the expedition to the Kuril Islands in the years. (Braslavets, 1983). Juvenile fragments from pyroclastic flows have a pumiceous appearance and correspond in composition to andesite (SiO wt%) (Gorshkov, 1967). The caldera of Tao-Rusyr volcano is completely closed, it has steep, in some places almost sheer walls. The inner part of the caldera is occupied by the waters of an internal drainage lake. Ring (fig. 2 on page 1 of the cover). In the northwestern part of the caldera, the post-caldera stratovolcano Krenitsyn Peak (absolute height 1324 m) rises from the bottom of the lake, crowned with a summit crater (Fig. 3). The volcano is named in honor of the explorer of the Aleutian Islands, the head of the government expedition, Captain I Rank Pyotr Kuzmich Krenitsyn (Braslavets, 1983). The cone has a relative height of 900 m, and its base diameter is 3.5 km. The crater of the central cone has a diameter of ~ 250 m and a depth of ~ 100 m. The active volcano Krenitsyn Peak (absolute height 1326 m) is considered one of the most beautiful volcanoes of the Great Kuril ridge and is a kind of standard of the Somma-Vesuvius volcanic structure. The ideal geomorphological manifestation, proportionality and uniqueness of the building elements of the Tao-Rusyr Krenitsyn Peak are superbly described by the famous Russian volcanologist G.S. Gorshkov (1967, p. 26): "The general view of a giant caldera bowl on the top of a mountain, where a deep blue lake sparkles in the frame of gloomy rocks, from which a cone rises, covered with green grass and variegated volcanic rocks, presents an unforgettably beautiful picture." The structure of the Tao-Rusyr volcano is composed of basalts, basaltic andesites and andesites (SiO wt%). The extrusive dome of the 1952 eruption has a dacian and dacite composition (SiO wt%) (Gorshkov, 1967; Fedorchenko et al., 1989). Data on the historical activity of the Krenitsyn Peak Volcano are limited. In the work of G.S. Gorshkov (1967) mentions that in 1846 and 1879. the volcano showed solfatara activity. After that, until 1952, there is no information about the eruptive activity of the volcano in the literature available to us. In November 1952, the only reliably known historical eruption of the Krenitsyn Peak volcano occurred, the details of which are well known due to the fact that it was observed by eyewitnesses (Gorshkov, 1958). 91
4 KOZLOV and others. Fig. 3. Crater of the Krenitsyn Peak volcano, August 2015. Photo by O.V. Chaplygin. As of August 2015, no visible manifestations of solfatara activity on the volcano were observed either in the summit crater or on the extrusive dome of 1952 (Fig. 4a on page 4 of the cover). Outlets of thermal waters were visually observed only in the area of the dome in 1952: along the water's edge for meters to the northwest (Fig. 4b on page 4 of the cover). All of them were marginal and, apparently, they were also described in the work of G.S. Gorshkov (1967). The temperature in sources discharging directly within the water's edge and did not have time to mix with lake waters reached ~ 30 C. Within the areas of underwater unloading, according to measurements by a temperature sensor built into the echo sounder's emitter, it turned out to be significantly lower to 14 C. MATERIALS I METHODS The materials that form the basis of this study were obtained during the expeditionary work on the Kuril Islands in the period from July 25 to August 21, 2015, carried out within the framework of the Russian-Belarusian project “Monitoring the Union State: Creation of a Database of Subject-Specific Features and Spectral Characteristics Obtained on ground control and calibration ranges and in seismically and volcanically active zones, based on field measurements with a spectral hardware-software complex ”(Rybin et al., 2015a; Rybin et al., 2015b). The bathymetric survey of the lake was carried out from 12 to 14 August 2015 by a team of researchers from the IMGiG FEB RAS and the Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Kozlov et al., 2016). The work was carried out using a proven methodology (Kozlov, 2013; 2015) using a Lowrance “LMS-527cDF igps” echo sounder with an integrated navigation receiver (GPS), and an inflatable boat “Cat Fish 240” with a low power outboard motor (2.5 HP). In a short time, due to the tight schedule of the expedition vessel and the need to conduct planned research at other sites, it was possible to obtain information about the structure of the lake basin. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In total, in the course of the work, 27 echolocation profiles with a total length of ~ 30.5 km were obtained, as a result of processing of which a bathymetric scheme of the lake was constructed (Fig. 5). According to our data, the maximum depth of the lake reaches 369 m.This allows us to say that Lake Koltsevoe is the deepest fresh water body not only in the Kuril Islands and the Sakhalin Region as a whole, but also in the entire Far East, and is also in fourth place in the list of the most deep lakes of Russia (Ryanzhin, Ulyanova, 2000) (tab. 2). In depth, it is second only to Baikal (1642 m), the Caspian Sea (1025 m) and Lake Khantai (420 m). The discrepancy between the maximum depths according to our data (369 m) and the data of A.B. Belousova (Levin et al., 2007) (264 m), due to the fact that in 2006 A.B. Belousov surveyed the northwestern part of the lake, and the deepest place (up to m) is its southeastern part (Fig. 5). 92
5 FIRST RESULTS OF BATIMETRIC SURVEY Fig. 5. Bathymetric diagram of the Koltsevoe volcanic lake (isobaths are drawn at 60 m intervals, the position of the profiles is marked with a dotted line). Table 2. Lakes in Russia with depths of more than 300 m (according to the data of the state water register of the Russian Federation). Lake name Subject of the Russian Federation Maximum depth, m Area, km2 1 Baikal Buryatia. Irkutsk Region Caspian Sea Dagestan. Kalmykia. Astrakhan Region Khantayskoye Krasnoyarsk Territory Ring Sakhalin Region Teletskoye Republic Altai Kurilskoye Kamchatka Territory The studies performed (Kozlov et al., 2016) made it possible to obtain the following morphometric parameters of the lake: total area 35 km 2 (mirror area 26 km 2), volume 3.75 km 3, length 6.5 km, the length of the coastline is 22 km. Morphologically, the reservoir is a ring-shaped hollow between the inner slopes of the Tao-Rusyr Holocene caldera and the outer slopes of the active Krenitsyn Peak volcano. The name of the lake fully justifies itself. The shape of the lake basin with a complex bottom structure can be considered similar to the crescent one. During the bathymetric survey, the average temperature of the lake's water surface was 5 8 C. Gas-hydrothermal vents located along the water's edge, during the research in 2015, reached a temperature of 30 C (the data were obtained using a temperature sensor built into the echo sounder emitter). These outputs were described earlier by G.S. Gorshkov (1967). It was also noted that the discharge zone of thermal waters was marked by colonies of thermophilic algae, which indicates the existence of a steadily functioning local ecosystem here. Computer interpretation of echo sounder profiles and analysis of the bathymetric scheme made it possible to establish the nature of the distribution of depths in the lake basin. In the northern and northwestern sectors of the lake, relatively shallow depths of m were observed.In the northeastern part of the lake, the depths are much greater and reach m, while the eastern and southeastern parts have a maximum of m, which corresponds to the greatest distance between the underwater slopes of the caldera and Krenitsyn Peak volcano. It should be noted that part of the data on the southwestern part of the lake was lost due to a malfunction of satellite equipment. When surveying at this location, the GPS fix was interrupted, and the depth data continued.
6 they wanted to sign up. In this regard, there is no coverage of the bathymetric scheme in this part of the lake. CONCLUSION In the course of the research carried out, an echo sounding survey of Koltsevoe, on the basis of which a bathymetric scheme was compiled for the first time, which allows obtaining original data on the morphology of the bottom of the lake basin. The data obtained allow us to say that the lake is in fourth place in the list of the deepest lakes in Russia (Table 2). Interpretation and analysis of echolocation records showed that no underwater gas-hydrothermal outcrops are observed in the studied areas of the lake bottom, with the exception of the area near the extrusion dome in 1952. The data obtained must be integrated into specialized catalogs and databases on water bodies, as well as into educational, scientific and popular and reference publications. The research was supported by grants from the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (16-I e) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (mol_a). References Bazanova L.I., Melekestsev I.V., Ponomareva V.V. and others. Volcanic disasters of the late Pleistocene-Holocene in Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands. Part 1. Types and classes of catastrophic eruptions of the main components of volcanic catastrophism // Volcanology and seismology S. KM Braslavets. History in names on the map of the Sakhalin region // Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Far Eastern book publishing house, Sakhalin branch, p. Gorshkov G.S. Active volcanoes of the Kuril island arc // Young volcanism of the USSR. Proceedings of the Laboratory of Volcanology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. M .: Publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, S. Gorshkov G.S. Volcanism of the Kuril island arc. M .: Nauka, S Kamchatka, Kuril and Commander Islands / Otv. ed. I.V. Luchitsky. M .: Science, p. Kozlov D.N. New data on the Chernoe intracaldera lake (Onekotan Island) // Issues of geology and integrated development of natural resources of East Asia. Vseros. scientific. conf. Collection of reports. Blagoveshchensk: IGiP FEB RAS, S. Kozlov D.N. Features of the morphology of the crater lakes of the Kuril Islands. Abstract of the thesis. diss. Cand. geogr. sciences. St. Petersburg, p. Kozlov and others. Kozlov DN. Crater lakes of the Kuril Islands. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: State budgetary institution of culture "Sakhalin Regional Museum of Local Lore", Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, p. Kozlov D.N. Morphology of crater lake Krasivoe // Vestnik KRAUNTS. Earth Sciences Vol. 31.S Kozlov D.N., Belousov A.B. Modern research methods for intracaldera lakes of active volcanoes (for example, Golovnin volcano, Fr. Kunashir, Kuril Islands) // Proceedings of the XIII scientific meeting of geographers of Siberia and the Far East, Irkutsk, 2007. V. 1. Irkutsk: Publishing house of the Institute of Geography im. V.B. Sochavy SB RAS, S. Kozlov D.N. Degterev A.V., Rybin A.V. et al. Preliminary results of bathymetric studies of the volcanic lake Koltsevoe (Onekotan Island, Kuril Islands) / Natural disasters: study, monitoring, forecast: VI Sakhalin Youth Scientific School, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 3 October 8, 2016 Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: IMGiG FEB RAS, S. Kozlov D.N., Zharkov R.V. Results of the study of the inner caldera lake Biryuzovoye on the Zavaritsky volcano (Simushir Island, Kuril Islands) // Natural disasters: study, monitoring, forecast: III Sakhalin Youth Scientific School, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, June 3 6, 2008 Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: IMGiG FEB RAS , 2009a. S. Kozlov D.N., Zharkov R.V. New data on the morphology of intracaldera lakes of the Kunashir and Simushir islands // Bulletin of KRAUNTS. Geosciences. 2009b. 2. Issue. 14. С The newest and modern volcanism on the territory of Russia / Otv. ed. N.P. Laverov, Moscow: Nauka, p. Kozlov D.N., Rashidov V.A., Koroteev I.G. Morphology of Broughton Bay (Simushir Island, Kuril Islands) // Bulletin of KRAUNTS. Geosciences Vol. 20. S Levin B.V., Fitzhugh B., Bourgeois D. et al. Complex expedition to the Kuril Islands in 2006 (stage I) // Vestnik FEB RAS S State water register of the Russian Federation Ryanzhin S.V., Ulyanova T.Yu. Geographic information system "Lakes of the World" GIS WORLDLAKE // DAN T S
7 Rybin A.V., Bogomolov L.M., Degterev A.V. and others. Field volcanological and ecological studies on the Kuril Islands in 2015 // Bulletin of KRAUNTS. Earth Sciences, Vol. 28. S. Rybin A.V., Bogomolov L.M., Degterev A.V. and others. International Kuril Expedition FIRST RESULTS OF BATIMETRIC SURVEY 2015 // Bulletin of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Weninger B., Joris O. Glacial Radiocarbon Calibration. The CalPal Program // Radiocarbon and Archeology / Higham T., Bronk Ramsey C., Owen C. (Eds.). Fourth International Symposium. Oxford, PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM BATHYMETRIC RESEARCH OF KOLTSEVOYE VOLCANIC LAKE (ONEKOTAN ISLAND, THE NORHERN KURILES) D.N. Kozlov 1, A.V. Degterev 1, A.V. Rybin 1, I.G. Koroteev 1, I.M. Klimantsov 1, O.V. Chaplygin 2, I.V. Chaplygin 2 1 IMGG FEB RAS, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia 2 IGEM RAS, Moscow, Russia The paper provides preliminary results from the bathymetric studies of Koltsevoye volcanic lake (Onekotan Island, the Northern Kuriles). We describe the main morphological and morphometric parameters and represent a bathymetric scheme. Keywords: volcano, caldera, volcanic lake, morphology. 95
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Far East of Russia. Kurile Islands. These 56 islands are part of the Sakhalin region of Russia. Sakhalin is the place where I was born, so everything is interesting to me there.
There is Onekotan island in the north of the Kuril ridge.
On it is a volcanic caldera, that is, a crater with collapsed, almost vertical inner walls. In the caldera there is an almost round lake called the Ring Lake. A cone of an extinct volcano sticks out of the lake. The volcano bears the name of Peter Krenitsyn (1728 - 1770) - captain of the 1st rank, fearless explorer of Kamchatka and the Aleutian Islands.
Until 2005, the island was closed, there was only a border post on it. Therefore, only a few dozen people managed to see this, without any exaggeration, a "wonder of the world". And only a few people have visited the volcano itself. Therefore, standing in the middle of a water-filled caldera, the Krenitsyn volcano has become "the peak of inaccessibility."
Only in 2007, the first international complex Kuril expedition landed on Onekotan, which included tsunami specialists, geologists, volcanologists, botanists - more than two dozen scientists from Russia, Japan and the United States.
Having risen from the coast of the ocean, the members of the expedition found themselves on the edge of a giant caldera bowl. Its diameter is more than seven kilometers, the height of the edge of the caldera above the level of the lake is about 500 m. How deep the walls go under the water was to be found out. But for this, it was necessary to somehow go down to the lake, find a platform somewhere, pump up a rubber boat and install equipment on it ...
The lake turned out to be unusually deep! The echo sounder already near the coast began to show depths of about 100 m, then 150 m ... The next day, a record depression was recorded with a depth of 264 m. So the Ring Lake became the deepest among the inland waters of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands.
Then the researchers found a place to land on the cone of the Krenitsyn volcano. Climbed up. Measured the exact height - 1325 m above sea level.
It would seem that everything is on this.
But no!
Eight years later, an expedition of volcanologists landed on the island of Onekotan. They created a database of areas subject to seismic activity and volcanic activity. What were the unique devices created specifically for this project? With their help, a detailed echo-sounding survey of the Ring Lake was carried out and accurate data on the depth and topography of the bottom were obtained.
So, it turned out that the maximum depth of the Ring Road is 369 meters!
After that, the lake became the deepest not only in the Sakhalin region, but in the entire Far Eastern region. It is now the fourth deepest in Russia - after Lake Baikal (1637 m), the Caspian Sea (1025 m) and Lake Khantayskoye in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (420 m).
Lake Tunaicha is the second largest lake on Sakhalin and a real natural monument. Located in the Korsakovsky district of the Sakhalin region. The lake has clear, clean water, and around it there is unique vegetation. The lake flows parallel to the coastline of the Mordvinov Bay. Lake Tunaicha is brackish. It flows into the Komissarovka river.
In winter, Lake Tunaicha is a real paradise for fishing lovers. Lake Tunaicha is home to 29 species of fish! Salmon and other fish species are found here. In this lake you can catch the red fish loved by many: chum salmon and pink salmon.
In summer, you can pick berries on the lake, admire a variety of plants and enjoy the cleanest air, as well as take beautiful landscape photos.
Coordinates: 46.76944400,143.22500000
Lake Nevskoe
Lake Nevskoye is the largest lagoon-type lake on Sakhalin. The lake water is salty. It is stretched for 40 kilometers, and its depth is up to one and a half kilometers. Three large rivers flow into Lake Nevskoye: Rukutama, Olenya and Angurovka. The lake got its name from one of the ships led by I.F. Kruzenshtern. Despite its size, the lake is shallow. Its maximum depth is about 2 meters.
The main treasure of the lake is the abundance of birds and rare animals. In spring and autumn, more than 40 species of birds, numbering several thousand, arrive here! You can also observe ducks, sandpipers and gulls on Lake Nevsky. In addition, the otter and muskrat live on the lake. In total, more than 32 species of rare animals live on the lake. The Sakhalin authorities plan to build Lake Nevskoye into the status of a nature reserve.
Coordinates: 49.38326700,143.40844600
Lake Ring
Lake Ring is not just a beautiful, but a unique place on Earth. Thanks to its ring shape, it got its name. This is the only lake of this shape in the world, while the surrounding volcano. The world's largest volcano, Krenitsyn, attracts hundreds of tourists to the lake. However, due to its location on the uninhabited island of Onekotan, peace and quiet reign here.
Lake Ring is a great place to be alone with nature and take great photos without the crowds of travelers. Although the lake is shallow, since its depth is just over one meter, they usually do not swim here, but admire the scenery, ascending the mighty volcano.
Coordinates: 49.34928300,154.74272100
Lake Tauro
Tauro is a lagoon lake on the island of Sakhalin, in the Uglegorsk municipal district of the Sakhalin region. On the shores of this lake is the city of Shakhtersk, where about 8000 people live.
The narrow-gauge railway of the Miners' Loading and Transport Department runs near the lake. The lake area is only about 3 kilometers.
Lake Tauro offers beautiful mountain views for exemplary landscape photography. The distance from Lake Tauro to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is about 250 kilometers.
Coordinates: 49.17638900,142.08416700
Lake Changeable
Lake Changeable is located in the Korsakovsky District in the south of Sakhalin Island. Its total area is 8.2 square kilometers. The lake is deep and salty enough. It flows into the Sea of Okhotsk.
Lake Variable is famous for its medicinal properties thanks to marine sulphide mud, which helps to get rid of skin and gynecological diseases. A magnificent pine forest adjoins the lake.
The water in the lake is sea, salty. Locals and tourists alike love fishing here. The lake is home to navaja, catfish, smelt and other valuable fish. If you have diving equipment, you have every chance of catching a "sea spider" - a large Sakhalin crab. You can also buy this unique crab from local experienced fishermen.
Coordinates: 46.87138900,143.11666700
Lake Protochnoe
Lake Protochnoe is a beautiful lagoon lake in Sakhalin. The lake is located in the Uglegorsk municipal district of Sakhalin Island. The small town of Shakhtersk is located right on the shore of the lake, where about 8 thousand people live. There is a railway nearby.
Lake Protochnoe is small, its area is 3.1 kilometers. The river Dno flows through the Protochnoe lake. It should be noted that Protochnoe Lake is very clean. Many fishing enthusiasts gather here in winter and summer.
Coordinates: 49.16632800,142.07345200
Small Chibisan Lake
Small Chibisanskoye is a wondrous lake on Sakhalin Island. It is located in the very lakeside place of Sakhalin - in the Korsakov urban district. Lake Maloye Chibisanskoye is connected with the Big Chibisanskoye lake.
The length of this lake is 2.5 kilometers and the average width is 800 meters. The water in the lake is fresh. The lake is interesting in that it serves as a nesting place for rare birds included in the Red Book during the period of seasonal migrations.
The warmest period for a trip to the lake is August. Autumn is relatively warm here, but there are often rains and fogs, as well as typhoons.
Coordinates: 46.61694400,143.12888900
Small Vavayskoe lake
Small Vavayskoye is a beautiful lagoon lake on Sakhalin Island. The lake is located in the Korsakovsky urban district of the Sakhalin region. The lake is one of the most picturesque lakes in Sakhalin.
You can travel on Small Vavayskoye Lake by motor boat. The lake is famous for its picturesque landscapes, crystal clear water and bright vegetation. You can observe an excellent view of the Small Vavayskoye Lake from the main camp at Lebyazhy Nos Cape. From here you can take the best photos of the lake and coastal nature.
Coordinates: 46.60666700,143.17916700
Great Vavai Lake
Lake Bolshoye Vavayskoye is located in the Sakhalin region, in the Korsakov urban district, on the island of Sakhalin. Connected with Small Vavayskoye Lake and Lake Busse. It is flowing, the Arakul River flows out of it, nine rivers flow into it. It is a lagoon type lake. The area of the Big Vavayskoye Lake is 44.1 square kilometers, the average depth is 4.2 meters, the largest is 8.4 meters.
There are bays in the northwestern and southwestern parts of the lake. The lake is inhabited by such fish as crucian carp, rudd, carp, taimen and others. In the vicinity of the lake, there are lizards, frogs, foxes, swans, ducks, geese, eagles are found.
Coordinates: 46.59668300,143.25909500
Lake Boiling
On the island of Kunashir, in the east of the Golovnin volcano caldera, there is Lake Kipyashchee. The area of the lake is 0.7 square kilometers, the depth is 23 meters, the diameter is 230 meters, and the height is 130 meters above sea level.
The lake is located on the territory of the explosion crater. A sulfur deposit has formed at its bottom. The name "boiling" lake is due to the fact that its water is heated by volcanic gases. Sometimes burst emissions of boiling water occur, and jets of sulphurous and hydrogen sulfide gases, along with hot streams of water, begin to beat from the ground.
The average water temperature here is + 34-36 degrees, but despite this, there are boiling mud pots on the northern shore, the temperature of which reaches + 80-100 degrees. Sulfur combines with metals, so sulfuric foam floats on the surface of the water. On the shore lies yellow-black sand.
In the XX century, Boiling Lake was a source of sulfur. You cannot swim in it, since the concentration of salts of heavy metals and arsenic in the lake is too high. In the caldera with Boiling Lake is located Hot Lake, connected with it by an artificial channel, which was built by the Japanese.
Coordinates: 43.84305600,145.50555600
Lake Busse
Busse is a lake (lagoon) in the Korsakovsky district of the Sakhalin region. The lagoon was discovered in 1797. The lagoon got its name thanks to Major N.V. Busse, a member of the Amur expedition of 1849-1855. The area of the lake is 39.4 square kilometers, the length is 9 kilometers, the width is 7 kilometers, and the depth reaches 4.5 meters. Streams and rivers flow into the lake, including the Shishkevich and Arakul rivers. The lake communicates with the Chibisansky, Small and Big Vavaysky lakes.
A variety of sea grasses and algae grow in the lake, including the valuable red algae Anfelcia, from which agar-agar is extracted. Shellfish are also found here, mainly mussels, giant oysters, seaside scallops, trepangs, there is a large herbal shrimp shrimp. The lake is home to many species of fish, including pink salmon, chum salmon, herring, navaga, smelt, crucian carp, taimen and others. Waterfowl nest on the lake.
Lagoon Busse is a natural monument of regional importance, it is a rich ecosystem of great commercial and scientific importance.
Coordinates: 46.53448000,143.33278600
Ainu lake
Ainskoye Lake is located in the Tomarinsky urban district of the Sakhalin region, on the island of Sakhalin. It is a lagoon lake. It got its name from the fact that the indigenous inhabitants of the Kuril Islands and South Sakhalin called themselves the Ainu. From the Ainu language "Ainu" is translated as "man" or "man". The lake area is 32.4 square kilometers. The Ain River flows through it.
The lake is not deep, the maximum depth is about 3 meters. The lake is famous for the fact that it is home to a large number of fish. Here you can catch smelt, taimen, kunja, sima. Fishing on the lake is all year round. The lake has a channel through which you can go out to sea, where you can fish for cod and different types of flounder.
Coordinates: 48.49998400,142.04865400
| Ring | |
| / / 49.33472; 154.73444(G) (I)Coordinates: 49 ° 20'05 "s. NS. 154 ° 44′04 ″ in. etc. / 49.33472 ° N NS. 154.73444 ° E etc./ 49.33472; 154.73444(G) (I) | |
| Country | Russia, Russia |
| Region | Sakhalin Region |
| Square | 26 km² |
| Deepest | 369 m |
| Catchment area | 45 km² |
The lake area is 26 km². The catchment area is 45.2 km².
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Drum yes yes I will, I will, I will, the drums crackled. And Pierre realized that a mysterious force had already completely taken possession of these people and that now it was useless to say anything else.The captured officers were separated from the soldiers and ordered to go ahead. There were about thirty officers, including Pierre, and about three hundred soldiers.
The captured officers, released from other booths, were all strangers, were much better dressed than Pierre, and looked at him, in his shoes, with distrust and aloofness. Not far from Pierre was a fat major in a Kazan dressing gown, belted with a towel, and apparently enjoying the general respect of his fellow prisoners, with a plump, yellow, angry face. He held one hand with a pouch in his bosom, with the other leaning on the shank. The major, panting and panting, grumbled and was angry at everyone because it seemed to him that he was being pushed and that everyone was in a hurry when there was no hurry, everyone was surprised at something when nothing was surprising. Another, a small, thin officer, spoke to everyone, making assumptions about where they were being taken now and how far they would have time to go today. An official, in felt boots and a commissariat uniform, ran from different directions and looked out for the burnt-out Moscow, loudly reporting his observations about what had burned down and what this or that part of Moscow was visible. The third officer, of Polish origin by accent, argued with the commissariat official, proving to him that he was mistaken in defining the quarters of Moscow.