As considered heating in the receipt. Why do we pay for heating all year round

From March 14, 2017, heating charges are calculated in a new way - without the use of a multiplying factor. This change was widely publicized in the media, so consumers became more active and began to demand that management organizations return overpaid funds.

In the article, we will consider the existing rules for recalculating heating fees, as well as various general and private situations related to this.

Cancellation of the multiplier

By general rule in Russia, charges for utility resources, the consumption of which is calculated using metering devices, are charged using a multiplying factor, if in apartment building the prescribed ODPU are not installed. This measure is aimed at stimulating consumers to save water, gas, electricity and heat.

In March 2017, this rule was partially changed. From PP No. 354 dated 05/06/11, the norm was removed that allows the contractor to use the increasing coefficient in the absence of a common heat meter in the house. Until March 14, the PC was used subject to three conditions:

available technical possibility installation of a common house meter;
apartment owners are obliged to install this device;
despite the first two paragraphs, the MKD is not equipped with a heat recovery room.

These changes appeared due to the release of GD No. 232 dated February 27, 2014. The experts of the magazine figured out.

Why the abolition of the PC became the basis for recalculation for heating

The main subtlety of the described changes in PP No. 354 was that the normative act began to work in March, but new rules for making payments were introduced from January 1 of the same year. talking legal language, amendments to the legislation received retroactive effect.

As a result, the managing organizations needed to make a recalculation for heating precisely according to the main governing document in such matters - Resolution 354. It is carried out in a standard way - the amount of the overpayment is determined, which is then deducted from the payments of the apartment owner.

Payment for heat supply is calculated according to one of two formulas, depending on whether it is charged only in the heating season or in equal installments throughout the year. The figure obtained in the absence of heat ODPU was multiplied by a multiplying factor of 1.5. For clarity, let's call it "Sum 1". In order to recalculate the heating fee, this figure must be divided by the same PC size. This will result in the amount of payment without the canceled coefficient, which we will call "Amount 2". When subtracting the second amount from the first, you will get the very overpayment that you want to return to the consumer.

For clarity, we present the calculation formulas on the image.

Changes in the calculation rules took place in March, which means that consumers have already managed to pay for a communal apartment for the first two months of the year. They had to recalculate the payment for heating for January and February, since these two months a multiplying factor was substituted into the formula. In March, PC was no longer used in calculations.

CALCULATIONS FOR HEATING IN THE FAILURE OF ODPU

Until January 1, 2017, the calculation of payment for heating in the event of a failure of the ODPU was not regulated by law. Disputes between the MA and the RSO on determining the amount of energy supplied to the MKD were resolved by the courts in different ways. About what positions the judges took earlier, how to correctly calculate the fee from January 1, 2017 and in what cases multiplying coefficients are applied, .

Features of the return of the overpayment retroactively

According to the current rules, utility service providers should not return overpaid amounts to owners of premises in cash or in a non-cash form. Such an overpayment is credited to the consumer's personal account and taken into account when paying for subsequent billing periods.

Return the resulting overpayment Management Company can in two ways:

a decrease in the amount of payment for heat in the following months (or in the next heating period, if the payment is made only in the cold season);
reduction of the consumer's debt for heat supply, if any.

It is not always possible to credit the overpayment immediately after the recalculation for heating has been made. In such a situation, the balance is taken into account for future payments. The described return procedure can be considered general, since PP No. 354 does not provide for any special procedure for such cases. What are the rules for the return of overcharged funds for public Utilities, states paragraphs 61, 99, 102 and 155 (2) of the government decree.

GD No. 232 of February 27, 2016 does not establish a specific deadline within which cash due to changes that have taken effect. At the same time, the KU executor does not have the right to withhold money for longer than the prescribed time. He must fully take them into account when paying for heating for the following periods.

In some cases, the offset of overpaid amounts had to be postponed to autumn 2017. For example, some consumers managed to pay their March bills before the recalculation of the heating fee was made. In April, the Criminal Code already took into account the overpayment, but its entire amount for one billing period was not always chosen. If heating season ended there, and the payment for heating in the summer was not charged, then the rest of the amount was transferred to the fall. In general, all conscientious CU executors took into account the January-February overpayment until the end of 2017, and this issue was closed.

The calculation of the amount of payment for heating from 01.06.2013 must be carried out according to the calculation rules approved by the Government Decree Russian Federation No. 354 of May 6, 2011, as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 344 of April 16, 2013 (hereinafter referred to as the Rules).

From June 01, 2013, heating consumers in an apartment building pay for this service in aggregate without dividing the payment for heating provided in a residential or non-residential building and for heating provided for general house needs, as previously provided.

Thus, in the invoice-receipts for payment of utility bills, the “heating” service should appear in only one line. This rule applies both to apartment buildings with centralized system heat supply, and for houses where such a system is not available.

Calculation of payment for heating depends primarily on the equipment apartment building and the premises located in it with metering devices (common house (collective), individual and common (apartment)) and is carried out in the following order.

Calculation No. 1

A common house (collective) heat energy meter is not installed in an apartment building, and in all residential and non-residential premises there are no individual or common (apartment) meters for heating.

In this case, the heating fee is calculated as the product of the heating consumption standard, total area occupied premises and the tariff set for thermal energy (formula No. 2 of Appendix No. 2 to the Rules).

P i = S i x N T x T T

N T - consumption standard set for heating,

S i - the total area of your premises,

T T - heat energy tariff set for your region and service provider.

CALCULATION EXAMPLE:

Your house does not have a common house metering device for thermal energy (heating). Residential and non-residential premises located in the house are not equipped with individual and common (apartment) meters for heating.

» The consumption standard for heating for your region is set at 0.03 gigacalories per 1 square meter of total area.
» The tariff for thermal energy for your region and service provider is 1200 rubles per 1 gigacalorie.

The heating fee for your apartment will be calculated in the following order:

0.03 Gkl x 60 m2 x 1200 rubles. = 2160.00 rubles.

Calculation No. 2

An apartment building has a common building meter for heat energy (heating), but not all residential and non-residential premises are equipped with individual and common (apartment) meters for heating.

In this case, the payment for heating will be calculated based on the readings of the common house meter, the total area of the occupied premises and the tariff established for thermal energy (formula No. 3 of Appendix No. 2 to the Rules).

V D - the amount of thermal energy, determined according to the indications of a common house meter,

S i - total area of residential or non-residential premises,

S about - the total area of \u200b\u200ball residential and non-residential premises located in an apartment building,

T T - tariff for thermal energy, established for your region.

CALCULATION EXAMPLE:

Your apartment building has a common building metering device for thermal energy (heating). Not all residential and non-residential premises located in the house are equipped with individual or common (apartment) meters for heating.

» The total area of your apartment is 60 square meters.
» The total area of residential and non-residential premises located in the house is 8,000 square meters.
» The heat energy tariff set for your region and service provider is 1,200 rubles per 1 gigacalorie.

The heating bill for your apartment will be calculated as follows:

200 Gkl x 60m 2 / 8000 m 2 x 1200 rubles. = 1800 rubles.

Calculation No. 3

A common building (collective) metering device for thermal energy is installed on an apartment building. All residential and non-residential premises located in the house are equipped with individual or common (apartment) heating meters.

In this case, the payment for heating is calculated based on the readings of the general house and individual heat energy meters, the total area of the occupied premises and all residential and non-residential premises in the house, as well as the tariff established for heat energy (formula No. 3 (1) of Appendix No. 2 to the Rules).

V i n - the amount of thermal energy determined by the readings of an individual meter for which the fee is calculated,

V i ODN - the amount of heat energy provided for general house needs, which is defined as the difference between the readings of a common house meter, the amount of heat energy determined from the readings of all individual meters installed in the house, and the amount of heat energy used to heat hot water . Moreover, the last component is used in houses that do not have a centralized hot water supply system.

S i - total area of the occupied premises,

S about - the total area of all residential and non-residential premises located in the house,

Тcr - the tariff for thermal energy established for your region.

In other words, payment for heating in this case consists of heat energy consumed according to an individual meter and heat energy allocated to general house needs, which is distributed in proportion to the total area occupied.

CALCULATION EXAMPLE:

Your house is equipped with a common house heat meter. All residential and non-residential premises are equipped with individual heating meters. The apartment building does not have a centralized hot water supply system.

» The amount of thermal energy determined by the indications of the common house metering device is 200 gigacalories.
» the amount of heat energy determined by the readings of an individual meter installed in your apartment is 2 gigacalories.
» The amount of heat energy determined from the readings of individual meters installed in all residential and non-residential premises of an apartment building is 160 gigacalories.
» The volume of thermal energy used in the production of hot water is 20 gigacalories.
» The total area of your apartment is 60 square meters.
» The total area of all residential and non-residential premises located in the house is 8,000 square meters.
» The tariff for thermal energy is set for your region and supplier in the amount of 1200 rubles per 1 gigacalorie.

The heating bill for your apartment will be calculated as follows:

(2 + (200 - 160 - 20) x 60/8000) x 1200 = 2580 rubles.

Residents of apartment buildings are often interested in how profitable common house heating meters are, the installation of which has recently been mandatory in all regions of Russia.

It is difficult to answer this question unambiguously, since there are several options for calculating the monthly fee for such a service. Let us consider in more detail the existing accrual procedures, taking into account all sorts of nuances.

V federal law RF dated November 23, 2009 No. 261-FZ “On energy saving of energy resources and the use of metering devices for energy resources used in the calculation for them” indicates the importance of installing common house meters designed to control heat consumption.

According to Law No. 261, management companies can install heat metering devices without the consent of residents apartment buildings, calculating payment according to the received data

The regulation obliges to install such devices in all apartment buildings, with the exception of emergency buildings. In addition, it is considered inappropriate to equip buildings with these devices if the amount of payment for the purchase and installation of a flow meter exceeds the amount of heating payments received within six months.

Legislators believe that this Decree will contribute to the achievement of the following goals:

Fair distribution of payment for heat energy supplied to homes. Homeowners who care about reducing heat loss (for example, those involved in thermal insulation of an apartment or facade) should pay less than those who constantly leak heat through cracks or an open window.
Motivation of residents to respect both residential and common premises. They should know that the payment for heating will automatically increase in case of an open door or broken glass not only in the apartment, but also in the entrance.

In addition, Law No. 261 officially transfers responsibility for common house property to tenants. According to this legal act, public utilities are no longer responsible for the condition of entrances, basements and attics. All work in the field common use must be carried out at the expense of the owners of apartments located in the same building.

Varieties of common house heat meters

As heat control devices, various equipment is used, which may differ in the way it works, design features, maintenance and installation specifics.

Like any measuring device, a general house flow meter is subject to mandatory verification, which, as a rule, is carried out once every 3-4 years. Not only the service life depends on this procedure, but also the correctness of the instrument readings.

Experts from the installation and maintenance organization will help you decide on the installation of a particular model. similar devices in the city (region). They will talk about the features of the devices, recommend options that work best in local conditions.

They will also advise on equipment (shutoff valves, filters, etc.), which should be purchased additionally, as well as give advice on warranty obligations supplier firm.

Most often, four types of flow meters are used in housing and communal services:

tachometric (mechanical);
vortex;
electromagnetic;
ultrasonic.

Consider the above devices in detail.

Option #1: Tachometric

Such devices, the system of which includes mechanical rotary or vane devices and heat meters, are considered the most budget option, since their cost is much lower than similar devices of other types. However, for their installation, in addition to standard equipment, an additional magnetic-mechanical filter is required, which protects both the device itself and the entire system from contamination.

The tachometric meters are powered by a battery, the resources of which are enough for 5-6 years. Due to the absence of sensitive electronics, the device can for a long time function reliably under adverse conditions (e.g. high humidity)

The main disadvantage of this category of models is the inability to use them with low water quality (increased hardness, a large percentage of impurities). In this case, the filter quickly becomes clogged, causing a decrease in the pressure of the coolant. Due to this feature of operation, tachometric meters are usually used only in the private sector.

Option #2: electromagnetic

Such devices are based on the well-known property of liquids - the generation of electric current during the passage of magnetic fields. By measuring the volume of water and incoming/outgoing temperatures, even very small currents can be detected.

Electromagnetic devices are characterized by a high degree of accuracy, but require quality installation and regular maintenance produced by qualified personnel. With untimely cleaning, the devices begin to overestimate the readings. Data corruption in big side also contributes to the high content of ferrous compounds in the liquid and poor-quality wiring.

Option #3: Vortex

When a fluid flow meets an obstacle, eddies are formed in the water. The operation of mechanisms of this type is based on this principle. Such measuring devices can be installed both on horizontal and vertical sections of communication systems, the main thing is that the device is located on a straight section of the pipeline.

A great advantage of vortex devices is the presence of a radio interface, thanks to which service organizations have the ability to remotely take readings and receive information about malfunctions.

The advantages of such meters include low energy consumption (one lithium-ion battery is enough for about 5 years). Vortex meters are sensitive to pressure drops, as well as the presence of large impurities, which is why they require additional installation filters. At the same time, impurities of metal salts in water, as well as deposits formed in pipes, do not affect instrument readings.

Option #4: ultrasonic

The indications of devices of this type are based on the passage of an ultrasonic signal through a water stream. The higher the speed of the latter, the longer the wait for a response.

Ultrasonic meters are very sensitive to welding currents. They are also not very durable in conditions of inadequate water quality used in the system.

Devices of this type show themselves well in new houses, in the pipes of which there are no deposits. However, impurities, pressure drops, air bubbles in water can significantly increase the readings of this category of flowmeters.

Before installing the flowmeter, you need to know

All expenses for the purchase, installation, maintenance of the device are borne by the tenants. For owners of non-privatized apartments, the cost of installation is reimbursed by the local municipality.

When choosing a company to install a heating meter, you need to find out if it has permits, permits and certificates, as well as a certificate of state registration

The choice of an organization that will undertake the installation of the apparatus requires special attention. It is desirable that the same company is also involved in the maintenance of the meter, including the timely cleaning of filters, carrying out current repair, regular checking of the device.

External negative factors

It is also important to take into account that many external factors influence the correct operation of flowmeters. Among them are reasons such as:

The formation of mineral deposits in pipes, which reduces their inner diameter. This causes the flow to increase. Insofar as measuring instruments calculated for a certain size of elements, reducing this indicator will lead to incorrect calculations, and the result will exceed the actual value.
The presence of impurities in the water. Mechanical impurities and air bubbles cause a significant reading error, up to 10%. To clean the liquid, it is recommended to additionally equip the devices with filters that trap foreign particles.
Precipitation on flowmeter parts. When using mechanical structures, such a process reduces the readings, while in other types of devices it causes a significant (sometimes multiple) excess of the actual values.
Unfavorable microclimate of the room where the measuring device was installed. Dampness, temperature fluctuations are especially reflected in devices with electronic mechanisms.
Lack of grounding and poor electrical circuits, as a result of which an electrical potential may arise in the pipeline.
Uneven pressure in the system adversely affects the correctness of the measurements. The same can be said about the sloppy installation of the meter, which can also distort the data.
Heat carrier temperature. Hot liquid, the temperature of which exceeds the permissible limits, can damage the elements of the meter.

To avoid false readings and prolong the life of the instrument, it is important to carry out qualified maintenance and inspection of the instrument on a regular basis.

Household ways to save money

There are several proven ways to reduce heating payments generated using common house meters.

Insulation of the facade of the house with mineral wool, foam or other materials will reduce heat transfer in environment and thus reduce heat consumption.

The following joint activities will help to reduce the indicators:

high-quality insulation of the building;
full glazing of the entrance with the replacement of conventional frames with more durable and heat-insulating metal-plastic products.

Although such activities will require a one-time investment of residents, they are beneficial in the long run.

Settlement operations on a common house appliance

Not so long ago in the Russian Federation, the Decree of the Government of Russia No. 603 of 06/29/2016 was adopted, which describes in detail the updated rules for calculating heating according to a common house meter.

According to this legislative act, the price of heat energy depends on the following factors:

heat receipts from a heating plant or a small boiler house serving a house (a group of buildings);
the presence / absence of a common house heat meter;
equipment of apartments with individual flow meters or their absence.

According to paragraph 42.1 of the "Calculation Rules" No. 354, depending on the decision of the local municipality, payment for the provided heat can be charged only during the heating season or evenly distributed monthly throughout the year. Several options are being considered in the adopted legislation.

Supply of heating to a house with an operating control room (without individual appliances)

If heat is supplied to a building equipped with general house flow meters, and there are no individual heat meters in the apartments, then in case of payment for heat during the heating season, the calculation is made according to the formula:

P \u003d V x (S / S about) x T, where

V is the total amount of heat supplied to the building based on the indications of the general house flow meter (in gigacalories);

S is the total area of a separate apartment (in square meters);
S about - the total living area of apartments located in the building, m 2;
T is the tariff for one provided gigacalorie (set by the local administration in agreement with the providers of this service), rub/Gcal.

If the payment for heat is charged evenly throughout the year, the recalculation factor K is added to the formula. It is calculated by dividing the number of months of the heating season (7-8) by 12 (the number of months in a year). If the period of heating houses lasts for seven months, then K=0.58.

Regardless of the calculation scheme, the total amount contributed during the year will be approximately the same.

If the installation of the OPU is not possible

In this case, the procedure for calculating payment for heat to residents of old houses is considered, where, due to technological features networks, it is impossible to install common house metering devices. In this case, payments are calculated according to the standard for heat consumption.

A common house meter in itself does not reduce heat energy consumption, however, its use motivates residents to consciously use this resource

When calculating payments only in the months of the heating period, the following formula is used:

P = S x N x T, where

S - total area of housing, m 2;
N is the normative rate of heat consumption, measured in gigacalories per square meter;
T is the tariff set by the local administration for 1 Gcal, agreed with the service provider, RUB/Gcal.

If the payment for heat energy is divided into all months of the year, then the recalculation factor K = 0.58 should be added to the formula (as in the previous case, it is calculated by dividing 7 months of the heating season by 12 months). So the formula will look like:

P = S x (N x K) x T

As in the previously noted case, the total annual payments will be the same.

Lack of an operating system with the possibility of its installation

If the house does not have a common house meter, but it is technically possible to install it, then the following formula is used to charge fees during the heating season:

P = S × N × K rev × T, where

S is the area of the desired premises (in sq.m);
N is the standard for heat consumption (Gcal/sq.m);
K pov - increasing coefficient, the value of which varies. In 2016, this indicator was 1.4, and since January 1, 2017 it has increased to 1.5;
T is the tariff for heat energy established in the given region (rub/Gcal).

In the case of monthly payment for heat throughout the year, the resulting number is multiplied by the coefficient K = 0.58 already known to us (for a seven-month heating season).

Calculation of heat with OPU and individual meters

This option is often found in newly commissioned houses. In this case, the calculation is made according to the formula:

P \u003d (V and + V about x S / S about) x T, where

V and - the amount of heat energy consumed during the estimated period according to the readings of individual flow meters (Gcal);

V o - the amount of heat in gigacalories supplied to the residents of the house according to the total meter, with the exception of the amount consumed, which is determined by the formula

, where

V n - the amount of heat energy consumed over the calculated interval, determined according to the indications of common house devices for the heating season (Gcal);
S1 - the area of the dwelling, equipped with an individual meter (sq.m);
Vodn - the amount of electricity according to the readings of individual flow meters installed in apartments;
S about - the total area of \u200b\u200bresidential and office premises in the house (square meters);
T is the tariff for heat energy accepted in the given area.

In this case, payment is made only during the heat supply season.

Benefits of using counters

Household flow meters can significantly save on heating. The price for heat, calculated according to actual indicators, is on average 30% lower than according to the standards.

The high cost of a common house heat metering device is reimbursed within three years from the date of installation, since such a device allows you to reduce payments for heat by almost a third

In addition, when paying according to the established tariffs, the beginning / end of the heating period is not taken into account: regardless of the specific date, the charge is made for the whole month.

But a common house meter does not solve all problems with paying for heating, since in this case all apartment owners have to pay according to averaged data, regardless of the amount of heat consumed.

Although the cost of an individual heat control device is very significant, it quickly pays off, especially if measures are taken to save heat energy.

In this case, residents will be helped out by an individual heat energy meter, which also allows you to adjust the heat transfer of radiators.

Calculation of standards for heating

When developing norms for heat consumption, the following is taken into account:

The total consumption of heat energy, which is necessary for heating all premises during the heating season.
The total area of heated spaces in the building, as well as buildings connected to the heating system.
The duration of the heating season (including partial calendar months in which the measurements were taken are taken into account).
In addition, when making calculations, it is mandatory to take into account average daily temperatures heated air indoors and cold outside (measurements are carried out during the heating season). In the first case, the indicators indicated in normative documents for the provision of public services to the population. In the second, the average value for the five previous heating periods is taken into account (data are provided by the regional hydrometeorological service).

An important parameter is also the average Maximum temperature, which is calculated from the measurements of the five most frosty winter days following one after another.

Homeowners must take care of the supplied equipment, as they pay not only for its installation, but also for maintenance and repair of the device

In the temperate climate zone, district heating services are usually produced within 7-8 months - from September-October to April-May; in the first and last months, fees may be charged at a reduced consumption rate.

Approval process for regulations and tariffs

All calculated indicators are compiled by specialists and employees of heat supply organizations. Then they are compulsorily approved by the energy commissions operating within a particular locality, region, edge. Representatives of local authorities and public organizations, as well as deputies of different levels.

Tariffs are calculated according to legislative acts The governments of the Russian Federation, which set consumption standards for housing and communal services, including the amount of heat. Heat supply organizations need to document and justify the proposed prices for heating services.

Since the actual outdoor temperature during the heating season may not coincide with the calculated standards, once a year the housing and communal services services recalculate. In extreme cold, consumers will have to pay a certain amount, while in mild winter possible overpayment, which is counted against future payments. The same procedure is carried out once a year in houses where flow meters are not provided.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

The presented video presents the opinion of a specialist about the benefits provided by common house heat meters.

A common house meter is a useful device that can significantly reduce very high heating costs. Despite the high cost, the funds for its installation quickly pay off, especially with the conscious interaction of residents who take joint measures to reduce heat consumption.

Calculation of payment according to standards

Calculation of autonomous heating
Heat meters
Conclusion
Video

Pi = Si x NT x TT where

Pi = VD x Si/Sob x TT, where

Substitution of specific values is carried out in the same way as in the previous example.

Payment for heating in an apartment building

When the formula takes everything into account required values, you can calculate the heating in an apartment building.

Calculation of autonomous heating

The calculation formula is as follows:

Heat meters

control valve;
Cleaning filter;
Stop valve.

Putting the device into operation.

Calculation of payment according to standards
Calculation formula for a common house meter in an apartment building
Calculation of heating according to individual counters
Calculation of heating in communal apartments
Calculation of autonomous heating
Heat meters
Conclusion
Video

According to the current legislation, the calculation of heating in an apartment building is carried out in accordance with the current tariffs. Calculation of the tariff can be carried out both with the help of heat meters and with the help of established standards volume of consumption of thermal energy.

If the building is equipped with several metering devices, then the difference between common house meters and devices installed in separate apartments, evenly distributed among all residents of the house. To have a more complete picture of such moments, you need to figure out how heating is calculated in an apartment building.

Calculation of payment according to standards

Understand how payment for heating is calculated according to the standard, and you need to use this technique only in cases where there are no meters at all in an apartment building, neither general nor individual.

Calculation of heating according to the standard is carried out according to the following formula:

Pi = Si x NT x TT where
Si is the total area of the premises consuming thermal energy,
NT is the normative value of heat consumption,
TT is the tariff set by the local heating service provider.

By substituting the required values into the formula, you can calculate the cost of heating. The consumption standard may vary depending on the region, so you need to look for the required value in the relevant regulatory documents. Tariffs are also individual, and before you calculate the heating according to the standard, you need to find out the specific values.

Calculation formula for a common house meter in an apartment building

Next, you need to figure out how heating is considered in an apartment building if there is a common meter. Provided that such a device is available, the calculation of heating is carried out in accordance with its indications. What is important is that individual metering devices can already be installed in individual apartments, but if not every apartment has them, then the calculation is still carried out according to general indicators.

The formula for calculating heating by a common meter is as follows:

Pi = VD x Si/Sob x TT, where
TT is the tariff cost of heat set for a particular region by a local supplier,
VD - the total amount of heat consumed by the building, which is determined by the difference in the readings of the total meters installed at the inlet and outlet of the heating circuit of the building,
Si is the total area of a heated apartment that is not equipped with an individual metering device,
Sb is the total heated area in the entire building.

Calculation of heating according to individual meters

Now it’s worth figuring out how payment for heating an apartment is calculated, provided there is a meter. If each apartment in the house is equipped with its own meter (at least a common one), then the calculation of the heating fee can be calculated according to its readings. The cost of heat in this case is formed from the total heat, which was taken into account by an individual meter, and the level of general house consumption.

The calculation formula is as follows:

Pi = (Vin + Vione x Si / Sob) x TCR, where
Vin is the total amount of consumed thermal energy recorded by an individual meter,
Vione - the amount of thermal energy spent on heating non-residential premises throughout the house (defined as the difference between the general house indicator and the sum of all apartment meters),
Si is the total area of the apartment,
Sb is the total area of all heated rooms in the building.

Calculation of heating in communal apartments

By by and large, there is no particular difference in calculating the cost of heating in communal apartments from the methods described above - all formulas and indicators are the same, you just need to substitute specific values. The only difference in how the heating fee is calculated in the case of communal apartments comes down to the proportional distribution of payment for each room.

If you nevertheless carry out a special calculation for communal apartments, you get a formula of the following form:

Pj.i = Vi x Sj.i / Ski x TT, where
Sj.i - living area of a separate room,
Ski - the total area of all rooms available in a communal apartment.

Heating of non-residential premises may not be taken into account in this formula, since the actual values are always the minimum.

Calculation of autonomous heating

Apartment buildings can do without centralized heating - their own boiler room is used to supply heat. With how to calculate heating in an apartment building under this condition, problems may arise - the calculation formula is quite complicated and not very convenient.

The calculation formula is as follows:

Poi = Ev x (Vkri x Si/ Sob x TKPV), where
Vkri is the amount of energy resource used to generate thermal energy,
TKPV - cost this resource, which is determined by current energy prices,
Si is the area of an individual dwelling,
Sb is the total area of the building.

Heat meters

In accordance with current legislation, heat meters must be installed mandatory. Important point- the metering device is purchased and installed at the expense of the owner of the premises.

The work of heat meters is to measure the temperature difference between the coolant at the inlet and outlet of the system, while simultaneously taking into account the volume of the coolant received. There are two main types of meters - tachometric and ultrasonic. The latter are much more expensive, but high price pays off more high precision measurements and reliability.

When buying a meter, you must definitely check whether it is certified and whether it can be used for heat metering. The installed meter must be sealed by specialists who have the right to perform such work. Verification of devices is carried out every four years.

How is the heating bill calculated in an apartment building

The cost of heat meters is usually relatively low, but keep in mind that the installation will require a number of additional elements:

control valve;
Cleaning filter;
Stop valve.

Per additional elements you have to pay a lot. In addition, it is imperative to take into account the cost of tapping, piping and connecting the meter - these works can only be performed by companies that have the appropriate permits. The cost of all work may even be higher than the cost of the meter itself, but these are mandatory expenses.

When choosing a company that will install the meter, you should also pay attention to whether its specialists perform the following work:

Preparation of the plant project.
Coordination of the project with the supplier of heating services.
Carrying out primary verification and registration of the meter.
Putting the device into operation.

Of course, the cost of a heat meter and installation work is quite high, but all this is eventually offset by savings when paying for heating.

Calculation of heating in an apartment building can be carried out according to different methods. Choice right way calculation depends on a number of factors, the main of which is the presence and purpose of a heat meter.

Calculation of payment according to standards
Calculation formula for a common house meter in an apartment building
Calculation of heating according to individual meters
Calculation of heating in communal apartments
Calculation of autonomous heating
Heat meters
Conclusion
Video

If the building is equipped with several metering devices, then the difference between common house meters and devices installed in individual apartments is evenly distributed among all residents of the house. To have a more complete picture of such moments, you need to figure out how heating is calculated in an apartment building.

Calculation of payment according to standards

Calculation of heating according to the standard is carried out according to the following formula:

Pi = Si x NT x TT where
Si is the total area of the premises consuming thermal energy,
NT is the normative value of heat consumption,
TT is the tariff set by the local heating service provider.

Calculation formula for a common house meter in an apartment building

The formula for calculating heating by a common meter is as follows:

Pi = VD x Si/Sob x TT, where
TT is the tariff cost of heat set for a particular region by a local supplier,
VD - the total amount of heat consumed by the building, which is determined by the difference in the readings of the total meters installed at the inlet and outlet of the heating circuit of the building,
Si is the total area of a heated apartment that is not equipped with an individual metering device,
Sb is the total heated area in the entire building.

Substitution of specific values is carried out in the same way as in the previous example. When the formula takes into account all the necessary values, you can calculate the heating in an apartment building.

Calculation of heating according to individual meters

The calculation formula is as follows:

Pi = (Vin + Vione x Si / Sob) x TCR, where
Vin is the total amount of consumed thermal energy recorded by an individual meter,
Vione - the amount of thermal energy spent on heating non-residential premises throughout the house (defined as the difference between the general house indicator and the sum of all apartment meters),
Si is the total area of the apartment,
Sb is the total area of all heated rooms in the building.

Calculation of heating in communal apartments

By and large, there is no particular difference in calculating the cost of heating in communal apartments from the methods described above - all formulas and indicators are the same, you just need to substitute specific values. The only difference in how the heating fee is calculated in the case of communal apartments comes down to the proportional distribution of payment for each room.

Calculation formula: how the payment for heating in the apartment is calculated

If you nevertheless carry out a special calculation for communal apartments, you get a formula of the following form:

Pj.i = Vi x Sj.i / Ski x TT, where
Sj.i - living area of a separate room,
Ski - the total area of all rooms available in a communal apartment.

Heating of non-residential premises may not be taken into account in this formula, since the actual values are always the minimum.

Calculation of autonomous heating

The calculation formula is as follows:

Poi = Ev x (Vkri x Si/ Sob x TKPV), where
Vkri is the amount of energy resource used to generate thermal energy,
TKPV is the cost of this resource, which is determined by current energy prices,
Si is the area of an individual dwelling,
Sb is the total area of the building.

Heat meters

In accordance with current legislation, heat meters must be installed mandatory. An important point - the meter is purchased and installed at the expense of the owner of the premises.

The work of heat meters is to measure the temperature difference between the coolant at the inlet and outlet of the system, while simultaneously taking into account the volume of the coolant received. There are two main types of meters - tachometric and ultrasonic. The latter cost an order of magnitude more expensive, but the high price pays off with higher measurement accuracy and reliability.

The cost of heat meters is usually relatively low, but keep in mind that the installation will require a number of additional elements:

control valve;
Cleaning filter;
Stop valve.

You will have to pay a lot for additional items. In addition, it is imperative to take into account the cost of tapping, piping and connecting the meter - these works can only be performed by companies that have the appropriate permits. The cost of all work may even be higher than the cost of the meter itself, but these are mandatory expenses.

When choosing a company that will install the meter, you should also pay attention to whether its specialists perform the following work:

Preparation of the plant project.
Coordination of the project with the supplier of heating services.
Carrying out primary verification and registration of the meter.
Putting the device into operation.

Of course, the cost of a heat meter and installation work is quite high, but all this is eventually offset by savings when paying for heating.

Calculation of heating in an apartment building can be carried out according to different methods. The choice of the correct calculation method depends on a number of factors, the main of which is the presence and purpose of a heat meter.

Calculation of the cost of heating in an apartment building,

equipped with a common house heat meter.

At present, the payment for heating has risen sharply and amounts to about half of the amount of the payment. Why is this happening? Having received a payment, people do not delve into the numbers, but go and pay. They think something like this: “Since the figure is worth it, it means that it was calculated in accordance with the requirements of the current legislation based on the readings of metering devices” - WHATEVER IT IS NOT!

Some management companies or chairmen of HOAs, taking advantage of the lack of control and illiteracy of residents, do very simply:

1. They charge residents for heating according to the standard, i.e. according to the tariffs approved by Moscow, but are paid according to the indications of the heat meter.

The readings of the heat meter are hidden from the residents, because. the difference between the tariff and actual consumption is significant.

THE OVERPAYMENT IS APPROXIMATELY 500 RUBLES PER MONTH FROM THE APARTMENT.

Let's say. there are 100 apartments in the building, with 500 rubles each.

How to calculate the heating fee, temperature standards

per month - 50000 rub. overpayments, per year - 600,000-1,000,000 rubles. What if there are more apartments?

2. Some management companies or HOA chairmen arbitrarily set the tariff a little less than the standard and proudly inform the residents: “Here, we are so generous, you pay below the tariff,” but in fact the overpayment is about the same as in the first case.

To avoid this, defend your rights and DO NOT OVERPAY it is offered on specific example show how to calculate the cost of heating 1 sq. m. in a residential area (apartment).

The legal grounds for determining the payment for heating are Art. 157 Housing Code of the Russian Federation and a by-law - Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354.

Clause 4.2 1. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 reads:

42.1. In the absence of collective (general house), common (apartment) and individual metering devices in all residential or non-residential premises of an apartment building, the amount of payment for the heating utility service is determined in accordance with formula 2 of Appendix No. 2 to these Rules based on the utility consumption standard.

In an apartment building that is equipped with a collective (common house) heat energy meter and in which not all residential or non-residential premises are equipped with individual and (or) common (apartment) heat energy meters (distributors), the amount of payment for a utility service for heating in a residential the room is determined in accordance with formula 3 of Appendix No. 2 to these Rules based on the readings of the collective (common house) heat energy meter.

In an apartment building that is equipped with a collective (common house) heat energy meter and in which all residential and non-residential premises are equipped with individual and (or) common (apartment) heat energy meters (distributors), the amount of payment for the utility service for heating in residential and non-residential premises is determined in accordance with formula 3.1 of Appendix No. 2 to these Rules based on the readings of individual and (or) common (apartment) heat meters.

In this case, in ordinary house Soviet-built, we choose the calculation according to formula 3:

3. The amount of payment for the utility service for heating in the i-th residential or non-residential premises not equipped with an individual or common (apartment) heat energy meter in an apartment building, which is equipped with a collective (common house) heat energy meter and in which not all residential and non-residential premises are equipped with individual (or) common (apartment) heat energy meters, in accordance with paragraphs 42.1 and 43 of the Rules is determined by formula 3:

where:

- the volume (quantity) of heat energy consumed during the billing period, determined according to the readings of the collective (general house) heat energy meter, which is equipped with an apartment building. In the cases provided for in paragraph 59 of the Rules, the volume (quantity) of the communal resource determined in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph is used to calculate the amount of payment for utilities;

- total area of the i-th residential or non-residential premises;

- the total area of all residential and non-residential premises of an apartment building;

— tariff for thermal energy, established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Information about changes:

By Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 16, 2013 N 344, the appendix was supplemented by clause 3.1, which enters into force on June 1, 2013

Knowing the formula, the number of gigacalories consumed for last year's heating season, we can calculate the heating fee in a particular house.

EXAMPLE:

House No. 0: total area Sob=12000 sq.m.

Owned area ∑Si=10000 sq.m.

Gigacalories (Gcal) for 2012-2013 \u003d October + November + December + January + February + March + April + May.

Tariff=1570.14 RUB/Gcal. (the amount of gigacalories consumed is taken for the last heating season and multiplied by the tariff of the current year).

1. Initial data on heating.

1.1. House No. 0: total area Sb = 12000 m2

area owned Σ Si = 10000 m2

1.2. Tariff: = 1570.14 rubles / Gcal; in 2013-14 years.

2. Indications of house heat energy meters for the heating season

2012 - 2013

2.1. Monthly meter readings (heating season 2012-2013):

Gigacalories (Gcal). \u003d October + November + December + January + February + March + April + May \u003d 92 + 126 + 228 + 250 + 150 + 200 + 113 + 0 \u003d 1159 Gcal.

2.2. Total cost of thermal energy for the heating season 2012-2013

is 1570.14 rubles / Gcal x 1159 Gcal = 1.819.792.26 rubles.

Note: see Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 dated May 6, 2011.

2.4. Average per month (12 months)

RUB 1,819,792.26 / 12 = 151.649.36 rubles / month

2.5. Payment per m2 of area (total area of the house is taken) =

151.649.36 rubles / 12000 m2 = 12.64 rubles / m2

This is the real cost of heating, calculated in accordance with applicable law!

According to the standard, the consumption of thermal energy for heating one square. m. \u003d 0.016 Gigacalories, i.e. heating cost per square meter according to the standards. approved by Moscow = 0.016 Gcal. X 1570.14 rubles / Gcal. = 25.12 rubles / sq.m.

Based on the current standard, having slightly lowered this amount in an arbitrary manner, without taking into account the readings of the heat meter, the Criminal Code (HOA) charges residents a fee, for example, -22 rubles / sq.m.

consider an apartment of 76 sq.m.

Example: - i = the sum of the areas of all apartments in the house (sq. No. from 1 to 100).

Then the cost of heating without benefits, calculated according to the readings of metering devices for the month, will be:

RUB 12.64/m2X 76 m2 = RUB 960.4459

The management company (HOA) will charge tenants 22 rubles/sq.m. x 76 sq.m. = 1672 rubles - a figure in the payment of the accounting department of the HOA.

Thus, the difference between the cost of heating accrued in accordance with the current legislation and an arbitrarily taken amount in the payment card of the Criminal Code (HOA) will be for one month:

1672 rubles - 960.4459 rubles = 711.55 rubles

For a year, the overpayment for a single apartment will be:

RUB 711.55 x 12 \u003d 8538 rubles. 65 kopecks.

This is an OVERPAYMENT for a year from only one apartment!

Each visitor to the site can use the above calculation to determine their own overpayment, as well as the overpayment of the whole house.

On this page you will learn how heating is calculated in an apartment in Moscow: the formula and system for calculating gigacalories in an apartment building, a device for measuring heat metering.

Residents of apartment buildings are anxiously waiting for each new heating season, and this is due to the ever-increasing heat tariffs.

To be sure that an extra figure is not assigned to the next receipt and not to be horrified by the amount due, you should know how the heating in the apartment is calculated.

What does the index depend on?

Since the rules for the use of heat in apartment buildings have changed, now their residents in the payment receipt see not one column, as it was before, but two:

The usual bill for the use of heat supply services in the apartment.
An account that takes into account the heat that goes to the needs of the house (ONE).

To calculate heating in an apartment building (2017), you need to know exactly how it is heated, and which device for measuring heating in an apartment records heat consumption:

There are buildings where there is a common house device, but they are not in apartments and other premises.
Accounting devices are everywhere: in every residential and non-residential premises.
Buildings where there are no heat meters for general needs.

Only having information about the number of counters in high-rise building and the cost of heating, you can find out how the payment for heating in the apartment is calculated.

How is heating calculated in an apartment in 2018-2019?

Calculations when there is no meter in the apartment, but there is a common house meter

How is heating calculated in an apartment in Moscow? To be confident in the calculations in such a situation, you need to know 4 indicators:

The amount of heat consumed for the needs of the house. For example, for a month it is 250 gcal (each region has its own tariffs, and the amount of heat consumed can be seen on the receipt or found out in the service that provides heat to the building).
The next option is total area of the house, which includes all premises, from apartments and stairwells to non-residential stock - boutiques, offices and more. These data can also be obtained from the housing department. For example, the building area is 7000 m2.
The next element needed to make the calculation heating costs in an apartment building, is the area of a single dwelling. For example, it is 75 m2. There is information about this in the registration certificate for housing.
The last indicator is the cost of 1 gcal (tariffs are indicated in the payment receipt). For example, it is 1400 rubles.

Having all the data in hand, you can find out how heating is calculated in an apartment without a meter:

250 gcal x 75 m2/7000 m2 x 1400 rub.

How is the heating charge calculated according to the standard?

Thus, the cost of heating in the apartment is calculated, now it remains only to make calculations for the general house heat.

This will require another important indicator – total area of all rooms in the building, both non-residential (offices, cafes, shops), and apartments. For example, it is 6000 m2.

Now the calculation of heating an apartment in an apartment building will look like this:

250 gcal x (1-6000/7000) x 75/6000 = 0.447 gcal

Having received these data, it is possible, by multiplying them by the cost of 1gCal, to obtain the cost of the heat tariff:

0.447 gcal x 1400 rubles. = 629 rubles.

Adding both indicators, you can find out how much you have to pay per month:

3750 rub. + 629 rub. = 4379 rubles.

This is how heating is calculated according to the meter in an apartment building when it is a common building.

apartment owners with autonomous heating such complex calculations do not have to be done, since they have their own metering device. But they will either have to find out the calculations of heat consumption indicators for general house needs, or independently calculate them.

Calculation in the presence of a common house appliance and an apartment

When there are meters in all premises, both residential and non-residential, and a common house metering device is also installed, the calculation of gigacalories of heating heat in an apartment building is calculated differently.

With the first indicators, everything is simple. They are removed individually and amount to, for example, 2 gcal.

In this case, the cost of heat spent will be equal to 2 gcal x 1400 rubles. = 2800 rubles, where:

2 gcal- these are the costs of a separate apartment taken according to the meter;
1400 rub.- approved tariff authorized bodies, and in each region of Russia it is different.

To calculate the indicators of how much you will have to pay for public heat, you will need the following data:

Indicators of a common house meter, let them be equal to 250 gcal.
The next thing to find out is, how much heat is spent on non-residential premises. You can find out about this in the organization of the heating network. For example, 10 gcal.
Will be required data on the total area of the entire housing stock of the building. For example, 5000 m2.
Heat consumption rate= 0.025 gcal.
Building area with all rooms both non-residential and apartments. For example, 6000 m2.
Consumption of thermal energy, which goes to the hot water supply of the building. Let it be equal to 30 gigacalories.
Calculate the amount of energy consumed for public needs:

(250 - 10 - 5000 x 0.025 8 - 30) x 75/6000 = 0.96 gcal

If the building has central hot water supply, then the formula for calculating heating in the apartment will be carried out without taking into account the volume of heat energy spent on heating water.

We multiply the volume by rubles- 0.96 x 1400 = 1344 rubles.
Putting the scores together- 2800 rubles. + 1344 rub. = 4144 rubles.

This is how heating is calculated in an apartment building when there are meters everywhere. All calculations are easier to make, starting from the indicators in the payment receipt.

Calculation in the absence of a general house heat meter

How to calculate the heating of an apartment was indicated above, but you can calculate how much you have to pay for public heat if there is no meter in the building, you can do the following:

The indicator of the rate of heat consumption adopted in the region is taken. For example, in order to know how the heating of an apartment in Moscow is calculated, information on the regional coefficient is required. For the capital and the region, it is 1.3, and in the regions of the Far North it will be 1.5-2. And so on for each region of Russia. In our example, it is 0.025 gcal/m2.
Take into account the area of all premises included in the category of non-residential stock. For example, 100 m2.
Add apartment area, in our example it is 75 m2.
Include building area in all "content" eg 6000 m2.

Calculation of the heating system of an apartment building:

The amount of heat consumed is calculated: 0.025 x 100 x 75 / 6000 = 0.031.
The resulting volume is converted into rubles: 0.031 x 1400 = 43.4
By adding this indicator to the apartment data(2800 + 43.4 = 2834.4 rubles), the total amount payable is obtained.

This is how the heating in the apartment is calculated by area, taking into account all the rooms in the building.

The examples given above allow you to learn how to independently make all the calculations for paying for heating, both for an apartment and for the heat consumed for general needs. It is enough to know the tariffs and the main indicators in order to double-check the correctness of the amount indicated in the payment.

Also on topic

Scenario of the meeting of Komsomol veterans with students of the school

Competition and entertainment program "Miss Spring", dedicated to International Women's Day (March 8)

Encyclopedia of fairy tale characters: Puss in Boots Puss in Boots what you liked

Ebook Red and Black

The meaning of the film. "Fountain" (2006). Psychological analysis. The meaning of the film “The Fountain of Bakhchisaray”: analysis of the characters’ images