How to properly use a dry powder fire extinguisher. Basic rules for working with a fire extinguisher

Everyone understands that a fire extinguisher is good helper to eliminate a fire, but not everyone has the knowledge correct use this tool. Usually there is an instruction on the case, but it is very short. This article will provide you with detailed information on how to properly use a fire extinguisher, depending on its type. Be careful - this information will be very important in the first minutes of a fire.

You should know: when extinguishing a fire with a powder extinguisher, a cloud of powder forms in the air, which makes breathing difficult and obstructs visibility.

You should know: you cannot hold the bell with your bare hands. The fact is that the bell is very cooled during the release of carbon dioxide - this can lead to frostbite of the hands. Be sure to hold onto the special handle. In addition, if the room is closed and small in volume, then there is a risk of losing consciousness from carbon dioxide vapors. We advise you to hold your breath when.

How to effectively extinguish a fire?

It should be understood that prompt action is important when extinguishing a fire. In the first minutes of the fire, both powder and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers are able to extinguish the fire, but if the flame has grown, it is better to immediately call the fire department. The fire extinguisher should always be in a visible and convenient place. Remember, it is easier to prevent a fire than to extinguish it, so always be careful. Compliance with basic rules fire safety much more valuable than knowing how to use a fire extinguisher correctly!

Video: how to use a fire extinguisher correctly

Posted on 05/19/2014

A fire extinguisher is technical device, designed to extinguish fires in the initial stage of their occurrence. Everyone should know how a fire extinguisher works, how it works, and be able to handle it. In the early stages of a fire, a fire extinguisher can save lives and property when it is necessary to extinguish a small fire or contain the spread of a fire until firefighters arrive. However, they are useless when extinguishing large fires.

Get a fire extinguisher, which you can use to extinguish the fire at the moment it starts.

The fire extinguisher should be heavy enough for family members to use.

Choose a fire extinguisher from a company you know.

Fire extinguishers are divided into the following types:

1. Foamy.

For extinguishing flammable liquids (gasoline, oil, varnish, paint) and hotbeds of fires of solid materials on an area of ​​no more than 1m 2, with the exception of energized installations.

2. Powder.

For extinguishing the fires of flammable and combustible liquids, varnishes, paints, plastics, electrical installations under voltage up to 1000 volts.

3. Carbon dioxide.

For extinguishing various substances and materials, live electrical installations, any liquids. These fire extinguishers are unmatched for extinguishing fires in archives, art repositories.

Depending on the nature of the fire extinguisher, its application also differs. Improper use of a fire extinguisher can cause injury.

The procedure for using powder fire extinguishers:

First of all, you need to familiarize yourself with the instructions drawn on the fire extinguisher (it is advisable to familiarize yourself and have an idea when buying a fire extinguisher);

The fire extinguisher must always be in the same place so that it can be used at any time.

If a fire has occurred, the following steps must be taken:

It is necessary to bring the fire extinguisher to the minimum possible and safe distance for extinguishing a fire, given that the length of the stream extinguishing agent is 3 m;

Break the seal on the fire extinguisher on the locking and starting device;

Pull out the check;

Direct the hose nozzle towards the fire;

Press the trigger (lever) on the fire extinguisher;

Wait 3–5 s to alert the fire extinguisher;

When extinguishing agent escapes, extinguish the fire.

If a dry powder fire extinguisher is used in a closed and small space, it is necessary to ventilate the room immediately after stopping the extinguishing. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of dust formation due to a powder cloud (especially in a small space) and its movement towards the extinguishing one.

When operating a dry powder fire extinguisher, it is prohibited:

Allow cases of the fire extinguisher falling and striking it;

Use a fire extinguisher when dents, swelling or cracks appear on the body, shut-off device, as well as in case of leakage of the joints of the units;

When extinguishing a fire, place the body of the fire extinguisher at a distance of less than 1 m from electrical equipment that is energized;

When extinguishing a fire with several fire extinguishers simultaneously, direct the jets of the extinguishing agent towards each other.

Application procedure carbon dioxide fire extinguishers:

Approach the fire (ignition) center with a fire extinguisher at a distance of 2-3 meters;

Direct the bell to the fire;

Remove the seal and pull out the safety pin;

Press the handle button or open the locking device to the stop, depending on the modification of the fire extinguisher and the manufacturer;

At the end of extinguishing the fire (fire), release the lever (close the valve).

IMPORTANT: It is forbidden to hold on to the bell while the fire extinguisher is in operation, as it gets very cold, which can lead to frostbite of the hands.

Safety requirements for the operation of fire extinguishers

The use of fire extinguishers should be carried out in accordance with the recommendations set forth in the passports of manufacturers and the instructions on actions during the use of fire extinguishers printed on their labels.

It is prohibited:

Operation of fire extinguishers with dents, swelling or cracks in the body, on the locking and starting device, on the union nut, as well as in the event of a leak in the connection of the fire extinguisher units and a malfunction of the pressure indicator (for injection fire extinguishers);

Strike a fire extinguisher;

Disassemble and recharge fire extinguishers by persons not authorized to carry out such work;

Throw fire extinguishers into fire during intended use and hit them on the ground to activate it;

Direct the nozzle of the fire extinguisher (flexible hose, nozzle or bell) during its operation towards people;

Use fire extinguishers for needs not related to extinguishing a fire (fire source).

When extinguishing a fire with several fire extinguishers simultaneously, it is not allowed to direct the jets of the extinguishing agent towards each other.

When extinguishing electrical equipment with voltages up to 1000 V with carbon dioxide or powder fire extinguishers, a safe distance (at least 1 meter) from the spray nozzle of the fire extinguisher to the electrically conductive parts of the equipment must be maintained.

It is forbidden to use water and water-foam fire extinguishers to extinguish equipment under voltage, as well as substances that enter into a chemical reaction with water, which is accompanied by intense heat generation and splashing of fuel.

When extinguishing a fire with a powder fire extinguisher, it should be borne in mind that when high dust content occurs, visibility in the protected room decreases, and when extinguishing a fire with a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, the concentration of oxygen in the air sharply decreases in the room.

In case of small fires, the gas-powder and carbon dioxide mixture of fire extinguishers should be directed to the base of the flame and the jet should be vigorously moved along the flame front.

Remember: the time of continuous operation of the fire extinguisher OP - 2 (h) is 8 seconds, OP - 6 (h) - 13 seconds, OP - 9 (h) - 14 seconds.

When extinguishing a fire, the fire extinguisher should be held vertically, since the horizontal position does not ensure full use of its charge.

Used fire extinguishers (even if their charge is not fully used), as well as fire extinguishers with torn seals must be sent immediately for recharging.

Instructions for operating a carbon dioxide fire extinguisherand tactical methods of extinguishing with it

1. Scope of the fire extinguisher

1.1. A portable injection-type carbon dioxide fire extinguisher designed to extinguish such fires (fires in the initial stage of their development):

Solid combustible substances (fire class A), incl. valuable items (documents, books, paintings, etc.), since after the evaporation of the extinguishing agent (carbon dioxide), no traces remain from it;

Clothes on fire on a person, since carbon dioxide has a low temperature and contributes to the fastest localization of the burn in the victim, and also does not create a powder cloud, the powder of which could enter the respiratory tract of a person on whom the clothes caught fire, unlike a powder fire extinguisher;

Electronic equipment (computers, televisions, etc.);

Electric machines of the collector type (electric motors, electric drills, etc.), since the extinguishing agent (carbon dioxide) is not electrically conductive and does not leave any electrically conductive substances after evaporation;

Electrical installations, electrical receivers, wiring accessories and external wiring, energized up to 1000V (fire class E).

1.2. It is not recommended to extinguish with a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher:

Substances that can burn without air access (aluminum, magnesium and their alloys, sodium, potassium, termite, celluloid and

Ethyl alcohol (carbon dioxide dissolves well in it).

1.3. Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher is designed to extinguish fires both indoors and outdoors at temperatures environment from -20 to + 50 ° С.

1.4. Specifications

2. Procedure for activating a fire extinguisher

2.1. Bring the fire extinguisher to the place of fire at a distance of 1.5 m from the windward side.

2.2. Holding the fire extinguisher with one hand by the handle, with the other - pull out the safety lock (pin) sharply so that the seal installed on the safety lock rod is removed.

2.4. Press down on the release lever with your hand and release it.

2.5. Make sure that the extinguishing agent is in contact with the fire. If necessary, move the fire extinguisher closer to the fire.

2.6. Make sure that there is no "release" of the extinguishing agent (carbon dioxide, coming out of the bell, hit the surface, reflected from them and hit the extinguishing agent). In the event that a "rebound" of carbon dioxide is formed, it is necessary to immediately move away from the source of ignition at a distance that excludes the ingress of carbon dioxide on the extinguishing agent.

3. Tactical techniques for extinguishing a fire

3.1. When extinguishing solid combustible substances, it is necessary:

3.1.1 Direct the extinguishing agent into the base of the flame in short and precise jets with the lever of the shut-off-starting device fully pressed, controlling the results of extinguishing and the effectiveness of using the extinguishing agent from the extinguisher for 6 ÷ 9 seconds.

3.1.2 Move the bell so as to cover the entire burning surface with a fire-extinguishing agent and create the highest concentration of the fire-extinguishing agent in the combustion zone.

3.1.3 The supply of the extinguishing agent must be carried out by moving forward and not leaving behind and on the sides unextinguished areas.

3.1.4 Start extinguishing the fire in one place and methodically, without scattering the extinguishing agent over the entire fire source; only after extinguishing the fire in one place, you can go to another area.

3.1.5 After the flame has been brought down, and if there is a charge in the fire extinguisher, it is necessary to additionally cover those areas of the extinguished surface that tend to re-ignite.

3.1.6 After extinguishing flammable materials that can smolder (wood, paper, cloth, etc.), in order to prevent re-ignition, it is necessary to apply cooling extinguishing agents to these materials (water, foam fire extinguishers, water).

3.2. When extinguishing liquid combustible substances, it is necessary:

3.2.1 Apply a stream of extinguishing agent, first of all, to the nearest edge of the fire, moving the bell from side to side to cover the entire width of the fire.

3.2.2 Direct a stream of extinguishing agent at a burning surface, and not at a flame, at an angle of approximately 45 ° to it; it is forbidden to extinguish liquid combustible substances by directing a stream of extinguishing agent from top to bottom;

3.2.3 Carry out the supply of the fire extinguishing agent continuously, moving forward and not leaving behind and on the sides unextinguished areas.

3.3. When extinguishing gaseous combustible substances, it is necessary to direct the stream of extinguishing agent into the gas stream almost parallel to the gas flow, creating a cloud of extinguishing agent.

3.4. When extinguishing electrical installations, electrical receivers, electrical installation fittings and external electrical wiring under voltage up to 1000V, the stream of extinguishing agent must be directed directly to the base of the flame from a distance of at least 1 m from the bell and body of the fire extinguisher to live parts.

3.5. When extinguishing electrical installations with voltages from 1000V to 10000V, extinguishing is carried out from a distance of at least 2 m from the bell and body of the fire extinguisher to live parts.

3.6. When extinguishing clothes that have caught fire on a person, it is necessary to direct a stream of extinguishing agent towards the victim's body in order to prevent the extinguishing agent from getting into the victim's eyes, nose, mouth, ears. It is best in such a situation to give the command to the victim to lie down or forcefully lay him on the floor, on the ground and extinguish the clothes that have caught fire on him, directing the extinguishing agent from the side of the head to the side of the victim's legs.

3.7. When extinguishing a fire, it is necessary to choose a position so that you can see the source of the fire and walk, as far as possible, towards the fire, and not after it.

3.8. A burning vertical surface must be extinguished from bottom to top.

3.9. It is necessary to extinguish the fire site in such a sequence as to limit its spread to the side where there are emergency exits, flammable and combustible materials, gas cylinders, surfaces painted with flammable paints, valuable documents and equipment.

3.10. If the fire tends to spread to a narrow area of ​​the room (for example, a corridor), in which the only way of fire spread is wooden floor, and the walls and ceiling are made of non-combustible materials, the fire extinguisher must be activated by pointing it at the floor of this section of the room in order to prevent or slow down the further spread of fire.

3.11. When extinguishing, it is necessary to ensure that the path to the emergency exit remains constantly free of fire and smoke for personal evacuation of the extinguisher.

3.12. If there are several fire extinguishers and people, it is necessary to use the fire extinguishers at the same time, not one at a time.

3.13. After the fire has been extinguished, it is necessary to monitor the place of fire for 5 hours in order to prevent the fire from reoccurring.

4. Safety measures when operating a fire extinguisher

4.1. When using a fire extinguisher, it is prohibited:

4.1.1 Operate the fire extinguisher when dents, swelling or cracks appear on the body, on the locking and starting device, as well as when the tightness of the connection of the fire extinguisher assemblies is broken.

4.1.2 Allow the fire extinguisher to fall and hit it.

4.1.3 Hold the bell of the fire extinguisher with your hand to avoid frostbite of your hands, as the temperature on its surface drops to minus 60 ° C.

4.1.4 Disassemble and repair a fire extinguisher, since the repair of fire extinguishers must be carried out in specialized organizations.

4.2. If a fire extinguisher is used in a closed and small space, it is necessary to immediately leave this room and check it after the end of extinguishing, since carbon dioxide, although not a poisonous substance, can have an asphyxiant effect if it is inhaled in sufficiently high concentrations for a certain period of time. ...

Developed by

Agreed

The method of vertical extinguishing, fire localization uses a gas-dynamic flow obtained with the help of a gas generator. Wherein given stream is neutral or contains extinguishing agents and is directed from top to bottom towards the fire. As a gas-dynamic flow, for example, the jet flow of an aircraft turbojet engine (turbojet engine or turbojet engine) can be used. Fire extinguishing is provided by blocking or passing the entire fire area by the area of ​​the gas-dynamic flow. External form gas-dynamic flow directed from top to bottom has the shape of a tent. Fire localization is achieved by fixing the area of ​​the gas-dynamic flow on one or more sides of the fire area. This method can also be used to "blow off" a fire flame with the subsequent passage of the fire area by a gas-dynamic flow. An aircraft such as a helicopter, a turbine, a special platform or systems using mechanical or other lifts is used as the carrier of the gas-dynamic flow source. The method of vertical extinguishing, fire localization allows extinguishing both area fires and fires of individual objects, including fires of gas, gas-oil and oil wells, as well as to provide prevention to the safety zone around objects requiring protection from the fire front or located in the fire zone. 3 C.p. cl, 4 dwg

The invention relates to fire-fighting equipment, namely to methods of extinguishing, localizing fires using a gas-dynamic flow obtained by means of a gas generator, which can be used as jet gas turbine aircraft engines, solid-propellant and liquid-propellant rocket engines. Known methods of extinguishing fires by throwing fire extinguishing substances into the fire. For this, fire monitors installed on various technical means are used. Water, foam or other extinguishing agent is supplied through the fire monitors. However, in case of a large fire or a long distance to the fire source, the effectiveness of the use of fire monitors is insignificant, therefore it is required a large number of fire monitors to cover all or a significant part of the fire. In addition, long distances reduce casting accuracy and increase the possibility of the extinguishing agent being blown away by the wind. Known methods of extinguishing fires using automatic systems fire extinguishing, in which sprinklers are automatically activated sprinkler heads. These systems are usually installed indoors, and the sprinklers are fixed to the ceiling. In this case, each sprinkler has a fixed and limited area irrigation. There is a known method of extinguishing an oil well fire using a gas-dynamic jet (patent N 93/18823 A 62 C 3/06, 09/30/93, PCT (WO). lower and upper (burning) parts with subsequent extinguishing of the torch. However, this method of extinguishing cannot be used to extinguish other fires. common features to the proposed method for extinguishing, localizing a fire is a method for extinguishing fires of gas, oil and gas and oil fountains using a hipped roof, disclosed in US patent N 5113948, class. A 62 C 3/06, publ. 05/19/92. The objective of the present invention is to create a method for vertical extinguishing, fire localization, primarily for extinguishing fires in open tanks spilled on the surface of flammable liquids, as well as for localizing fires within certain boundaries and for protecting individual objects from fire. This task is solved by the method of localizing and extinguishing a fire, which consists in using a hipped roof created by a gas-dynamic flow directed to the fire site from top to bottom, while the gas-dynamic flow is neutral to the fire or contains fire extinguishing substances and has the shape of a cone that covers the area of ​​the fire. Moreover, the central part of the fire area is covered with a gas-dynamic flow, and then the area of ​​extinguishing the fire is expanded by means of a continuous annular increase in the area of ​​the gas-dynamic flow relative to the center of the fire. In addition, the gas-dynamic flow has a fixed position with overlapping one or more sides of the fire area. In addition to everything, the gas-dynamic flow sequentially and continuously passes through the entire area of ​​the fire with fixing the overlap of one or more sides of the area of ​​the fire. The modern level of development of science and technology makes it possible to implement the proposed method of vertical extinguishing, fire localization. A gas generator can be used as a source of a gas-dynamic flow. of various types and a method for producing a gas-dynamic flow (jet). The type and capacity of the gas generator depends on the vehicle and the characteristics of the fire source. For example, as a gas generator can be used gas turbine aircraft engines, rocket engines, and as carriers of gas generators can be used helicopters, turbolines, aerial platforms or mechanical suspension, cable and other systems. The invention is illustrated by graphical material, where Fig. 1 shows schematically in plan some variants of overlapping of areas and sides of fire areas with gas-dynamic flows, in Fig. 2 shows the use of the method of vertical extinguishing, fire localization during the liquidation of an oil fire in an open reservoir, FIG. 3 - fire of oil spilled on the ground; in fig. 4 - localization of a fire of a separate object, where d is the diameter of the tank, D is the diameter of the gas-dynamic flow, l is the width of the spilled oil, I is the length of the spilled oil, C is the width of the gas-dynamic flow at the base, 1 is the open tank, 2 is the oil, 3 is air-fire platform, 4 - main engine, 5 - fuel tank, 6 - tank with fire-extinguishing components, 7 - devices remote control, 8 - gas generator (GG), 9 - nozzle, 10 - nozzles, 11 - tip, 12 - remote control, 13 - gas dynamic flow, 14 - controlled helicopter, 15 - fire monitors, 16 - control helicopter, 17 - helicopter, 18 - flexible power and communication links, 19 - object, 20 - fire zone, 21 - safety zone. The use of the method of vertical extinguishing, fire localization using a tent gas-dynamic flow, having the shape of a cone, which covers the entire combustion area or part of it, followed by continuous expansion or sequential passage of the entire fire area with the initial fixation of one or more sides of the fire area, is explained in the following examples. In the open reservoir 1, oil caught fire (Fig. 2). An aerial fire platform 3 is delivered to the tank, which can be lifted using mechanical lifters or cable systems. V this example platform 3 is equipped with a propulsion engine 4 for vertical and horizontal movement. The platform has a tank with fuel 5, a tank with fire-extinguishing components 6, remote control devices 7. On the platform is installed GG 8, which has a nozzle 9 and is equipped with a nozzle 10 and a tip 11. After checking the platform, it is refueled with fuel and the necessary components. The operator from the control panel 12 gives a command to start the main engine 4, raises the platform to the required height and brings it to a point above the tank 1. Then turns on the GG 8. Depending on the GG power, there may be a different reactive component, which is directed in the opposite direction gas-dynamic flow side. To neutralize it, the vertical thrust of the main engine 4, the mass of the platform 3 and the mass of the main engine 8 itself are used. When GG 8 reaches operating power, the operator turns on the supply of fire-extinguishing components from the tank 6 through the nozzle 10 into the gas-dynamic flow 13. Then the operator from the control panel 12 lowers the platform 3 to the required height. The lowering of the platform with the working gas generator ensures the removal of hot air, the flow of which comes from the fire, from the platform itself. When the diameter of the area of ​​the gas-dynamic flow at the points of contact with the reservoir 1 overlaps it, that is, D is greater than 1 (Fig. 1a, 2), the platform 3 hangs over the reservoir. The nozzle 10 allows you to preserve the gas-dynamic flow (prevent it from expanding), and the tip 11, which has different outlet shapes, allows you to distribute the flow or give it a certain shape and direction. In addition, the nozzle and the tip make it possible to evenly cover the area of ​​the fire with fire-extinguishing components supplied to the inside of the gas-dynamic flow through the nozzle 10. Since the gas-dynamic flow 13 is neutral with respect to fire or contains fire-extinguishing components, after a while the combustion process stops and the fire is extinguished. The operator turns off the GG 8 and supplies the components, then removes the platform 3 from the reservoir 1 and lands it. The rest of the fuel is drained, the platform is inspected, the nozzle and tip are disconnected, then the platform is transported to the place of its dislocation. In the event of a spilled oil fire (Fig. 1b and 3) the method of vertical extinguishing, fire localization can be applied, for example, using a remotely controlled fire helicopter 14, on which GG 8 is installed with monitors 15 fixed on it for supplying fire extinguishing components into the gas-dynamic flow 13. This helicopter is controlled from control manned helicopter 16, which is the operator from the remote control. For large spills, multiple firefighting helicopters are used with one or two piloted helicopters, which can carry multiple operators. In this case, the total area created by the gas-dynamic flows of individual GGs must be continuous and cover the entire area of ​​the fire (Fig. 1b). When extinguishing a fire with a considerable length L (Fig. 1c), a sequential passage of the gas-dynamic tent over the entire area of ​​the fire is used. In this case, the width of the gas-dynamic flow C overlaps one of the sides of the fire area (Fig. 1c) or several sides (Fig. 1d). With the sequential movement of the gas-dynamic tent along the side L (Fig. 1c), the combustion area is sequentially captured and extinguished. In addition, with the longitudinal motion of the gas-dynamic flow 13, the flame is partially or completely blown out in the zone of their interaction, which is associated with the speed of the gas-dynamic flow, the properties of combustible materials and the rate of their combustion. This process is also regulated by the angle of inclination of the gas-dynamic tent relative to the combustion surface. This can also be used in case of an oil fire near a tanker, ship, pier (Fig. 1d). In this case, covering, for example, the area of ​​fire from three sides, the burning oil is cut off from the ship (tanker) and the pier, partially extinguishing the fire. After reducing the area of ​​combustion, it is possible to cover the burning oil from all sides and to extinguish it or to completely localize it. When localizing a fire at a separate facility, it is possible to use a helicopter with a GG suspended from it. In this case, the mass of the GG itself, for example, balances the reactive component of the gas-dynamic flow. Therefore, the connection between the GG and the helicopter is carried out using flexible connections. Let's consider an example of fire localization in the zone of a separate object (Fig. 4). Object 19 is on the path of the fire front 20. The approach of the helicopter 17 with the GG 8 suspended from it with the help of flexible ties 18 is made at a safe height. At the same time, the helicopter can fly up to the object from any side, which is especially important at large approach distances. For example, having flown over the fire zone 20, the helicopter 17 hovers over the object 19, then descends to the operating height, which depends on the fire and weather conditions. After that, the operator on the helicopter turns on GG 8 and the system for supplying fire extinguishing components through the fire monitors 15 and lowers GG 8 over the object, providing the necessary coverage of the gas-dynamic flow 13 of the object 19 and the safety zone 21. This zone can be provided without covering the object with a gas-dynamic tent, which depends on the nature of the fire and the presence of fire-fighting helicopters, as well as on the type of the object itself. Directly, the gas-dynamic tent is held over the object for a period of time until the fire front passes and the fire hazard of the object is eliminated. Then the GG is raised to the helicopter, having previously turned it off and the system for supplying fire-extinguishing components. The helicopter returns to the base of deployment, where the GG undocks and with it preventive work and preparation for the next extinguishing or localization of the fire are carried out. Creation of the proposed method of vertical extinguishing, fire localization is able to ensure the achievement of the technical result seen by the applicant. Usage this method allows expanding functionality aviation fire fighting equipment. The existing scientific, technical and production potential of enterprises makes it possible to implement the proposed invention. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "industrial applicability". The proposed method of vertical extinguishing, fire localization allows extinguishing both area fires and fires of gas, oil and gas fountains and wells, as well as fires of individual objects.

Claim

1. A method of localizing and extinguishing a fire, which consists in using a hipped roof, characterized in that the hipped roof is created by a gas-dynamic flow directed to the fire from top to bottom, while the gas-dynamic flow is neutral to fire or contains fire extinguishing substances and has the shape of a cone that overlaps the area fire. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the central part of the fire is covered with a gas-dynamic flow, and then the area of ​​extinguishing the fire is expanded by a continuous annular increase in the area of ​​the gas-dynamic flow relative to the center of the fire. 3. A method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the gas-dynamic flow has a fixed position overlapping one or more sides of the fire area. 4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the gas-dynamic flow sequentially and continuously passes the entire area of ​​the fire with fixing the overlap of one or more sides of the area of ​​the fire.

To fight the fire element, there is great amount types of fire extinguishers. The main ones can be distinguished: carbon dioxide, powder, foam. How to use a specific type and model of fire extinguisher is written on the body of the device. In our article, we will consider the recommendations for the operation of each of these models of fire extinguishers and pay attention to the basic rules for ensuring the safety of people when using them.

Of course, there are a huge number of different types fire extinguishers, but the main principle in their work can be distinguished. To activate, you can use the general instructions:

These were the basic steps for activating a fire extinguisher. Now we will discuss each type separately and talk about safety measures during work.

The work of carbon dioxide

These types of fire extinguishers are produced in two versions - manual (models from OU-1.5 to OU-8, differ in the number of liters that fit into the cylinder) and mobile ( the lineup from OU-10 to OU-80). These types of fire extinguishers are most often used when it is necessary to extinguish a fire in an enclosed space, as well as in chemical laboratories. Their main advantage is that it is not necessary to clean up the substance after extinguishing the fire. The substance is practically not harmful.

In order to start working with this model of a fire extinguishing device, it is necessary to turn the flywheel of the valve counterclockwise until it stops. In this position, carbon dioxide is emitted from the cylinder through the bell, which, due to the low pressure in the cylinder, partially evaporates and cools down, and enters the fire as a snow-like mass.

If the fire site is small, there is no need to spray the entire contents of the cylinder. Turn the valve fully in the opposite direction (clockwise).

When using carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, the following precautions should be taken: avoid contact with skin and do not breathe the mixture for a long time. Because, firstly, the fire extinguishing mass of CO 2 causes severe frostbite, since it is served at a temperature of -72 ° C. And secondly, inhaling air containing a large amount of carbon dioxide can lead to loss of consciousness.

Powder action

Consider the rules for safe operation powder fire extinguisher. First of all, you need to check the body of the device for damage.

Under no circumstances use a fire extinguisher with dents, cracks, or tight connections on its body. After a visual inspection, you can start extinguishing.

The device must be brought closer to a safe distance from the source of fire, taking into account the factor that the stream of extinguishing composition reaches three meters.

If the fire occurred in an area under electrical voltage, then in this case it is strictly forbidden to bring the fire extinguisher closer to the fire at a distance of less than one meter.

To start extinguishing, break the seal located on the fire extinguisher's locking and starting device, in its upper part. On the same device, pull the pin out of the socket, release the hose with a special nozzle and direct it to the place of fire.

Then you need to press this lever, and after a few seconds, extinguish the fire with a stream of extinguishing agent. At the same time, given that the speed of the jet exit from the cylinder creates high air compression, which can contribute to fanning the flame over the fire site, taking this into account and using several powder fire extinguishers to extinguish the fire, it is impossible to direct their jets at each other.

For safety reasons, it should be remembered that when using a powder fire extinguisher, a powdery gas cloud forms, which negatively affects the human body, therefore, immediately after extinguishing the fire, the room should be left and thoroughly ventilated.

Motorists, for whom the presence is necessary, can use the rules for operating a powder fire extinguisher, since it is precisely such options for a fire extinguishing device that are provided for by the rules.

Operation of foam

Rules for working with foam fire extinguisher following: handle locking device turns 180 degrees, the device is turned upside down and a stream of extinguishing composition is directed to the fire site.

In this case, foam bubbles are formed, which, when you press the handle of the locking and starting device, fall into the place of ignition and extinguish the fire.

For safety reasons, you should not approach the source of fire at a distance of less than three meters from the upwind side. It is also necessary to inspect the cylinder body and remember that recharging and repair of this fire extinguisher must be carried out in special charging stations of specialized organizations.

Self-operating

Separately, I would like to talk about which is used at various objects, in particular in the garbage collection chambers of residential buildings. This device can be used both in manual mode and fully automatically. In the first case, it should be placed or thrown in the immediate vicinity of the fire (this depends on the modification of the fire extinguisher).

At autonomous work, a fire extinguisher on a special bracket is placed in a place where fire is possible, so that in the event of a fire it will be in the zone open fire... A sensor on the body detects smoke or fire and after that the module is started to extinguish the fire.

Observing these simple rules, you can protect yourself and your loved ones, as well as save property from the effects of the destructive force of fire.