Many people when paying utilities surprised to see the phrase "water heating" in the receipt. In fact, this innovation was adopted back in 2013. According to Government Decree No. 406, in the presence of a centralized water supply system, payment must be made at a two-component tariff.
Thus, the tariff was divided into two components: use cold water and heat energy. Now the calculation is made separately for two resources: water for hot water supply and thermal energy... That is why a column appeared in the receipts, indicating the amount of thermal energy spent on heating cold water. However, many believe that heating fees are being charged illegally, and write complaints about housing and communal services. To make sure that this type of charge is legitimate, you should learn more about this service.
The reason for this innovation was the additional use of energy. Risers and heated towel rails connected to the hot water supply system consume thermal energy, but this consumption was not previously taken into account in the calculation of utility bills. Since the heating fee can only be charged during the heating season, heating the air through the use of a heated towel rail was not paid as a public service. The government found a way out of this situation by dividing the tariff into two components.
Equipment
If the water heater fails, the hot water bill will not increase. In this case, authorized employees management organization are obliged to repair the equipment urgently. But since the repair requires payment, the tenants still have to pay this amount. Despite the fact that the heating bill will remain the same, the payment for the repair and maintenance of the property will be increased. This is because water heaters are part of the property of homeowners.
As for non-standard situations, when, for example, some apartments in multi-storey building has access to hot water, and the second only to cold water, issues regarding payment for heating are resolved on an individual basis. As practice shows, often tenants are required to pay for common property that they do not use.
Thermal energy component
If with the calculation of payment for cold water everything is quite simple (carried out on the basis of the established tariff), then not everyone understands what is included in the cost of such a service as heating.
The amount to pay for a service such as water heating is calculated taking into account the following components:
- the established tariff for heat energy;
- costs required to maintain a centralized hot water supply system (from central heating points, where water is heated);
- the cost of heat loss in pipelines;
- expenses required for transportation hot water.
The calculation of utility bills for hot water supply is made taking into account the volume of used water, which is measured in m 3.
As a rule, the amount of required heat energy is determined on the basis of the general house values, which are shown by the hot water meters and the consumed heat energy. The amount of energy used in each room is calculated by multiplying the amount of water used (determined by the meter) by the specific consumption of heat energy. The amount of energy is multiplied by the tariff. The resulting value is the amount required to pay for what is written in the receipt as "water heating".
How to calculate yourself in 2018-2019
Heating water is one of the most expensive utilities. This is due to the fact that when heating, it is necessary to use special equipment operating from the mains. To make sure that the correct amount for payment is indicated on the receipt, you can make the calculations yourself and compare the received value with the amount indicated on the receipt. To do this, you need to find out the amount of payment for heat energy established by the regional tariff commission. Further calculations depend on the presence or absence of metering devices:
- If you have a meter installed in your apartment, then you can calculate the consumption of thermal energy, focusing on its indicator.
- If there is no meter, calculations should be made based on the established standard indicators (established by the energy saving organization).
If there is a general meter for the consumption of heat energy in a residential building and individual meters installed in apartments, the amount for heating is calculated based on the readings common appliance accounting and further proportional distribution for each apartment. If there is no such device, the amount required to pay for heating is calculated based on the standard of energy consumption for heating 1 m 3 of water in the reporting month and the readings of an individual water meter.
Where to file a complaint
If the legitimacy of the additional line "water heating" in the receipts is questionable, so as not to overpay for heating, it is recommended to first contact the Criminal Code with a request to explain what this point means. The appearance of a new line in the receipt is legal only on the basis of the decision of the owner of the MKD premises. In the absence of such a decision, you should write a complaint to the GZI. After filing a claim with the Criminal Code, you must be provided with an answer with explanations within thirty days. In case of refusal to substantiate why such a service is prescribed in the receipt, a complaint should be filed with the prosecutor's office with a claim to the court. In this case, if you have already paid the amount specified in the receipt, Article 395 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation will serve as the basis for the claim. If a refund is not required, but you still have to pay for services that you are not provided with, file a claim to exclude the water heating line. In this case, it is worth referring to Article 16 of the Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights".
One of the largest utility bills is the payment for heating, or it is also called DHW, that is, hot water supply. Until 2012, heating bills were calculated based on cubic meter hot water supplied to the residential. But after 2012, new regulations were adopted that established new system DHW calculations.
Legislation on payment of services for the provision of hot water. Photo # 1
The main normative act that regulates the calculation of the cost of hot water is the Government Decree No. 1149 of 2012. Based on this, two components are used in all calculations:
- calculation of the amount of cold water that is used for heating;
- calculating the amount of energy that is needed to heat cold water.
You also need to take into account the energy indicator. In different settlements, gas, coal can be used for this, or, alternatively, hot water supply can be supplied to residential apartments from thermal power plants (where water turns into steam to turn turbines that generate electrical energy, and after the steam is condensed into hot water, it is supplied into residential buildings).
You need to know that modern heat meters record the amount of water passed through them, as well as its temperature.
How to take meter readings correctly?
The calculation of the amount of heat received by the dwelling, as well as the charge for its payment, depends on the correctness of the reading of the meters. In most cases, utilities providing such services try to collect as much Money from tenants, and sometimes they count more than was actually consumed.
On this moment there are two types of meters that are engaged in fixing heat.
- Household. They show the total amount of hot water that entered the house, taking into account the two indicators described above. Based on this, residents apartment buildings can knock out the total amount of heat received for the whole house.
- Individual. These metering devices can be installed in the apartments of residents, and they will also record the amount of incoming water, as well as its temperature.
Based on this, in order to correctly take readings, you need to record data on the amount of water that entered and its temperature at the point of entry.
It is important to remember that you need to take readings from heat meters together with workers. utilities who provide these services.
Now consider the question of how to generate value for the heat received. In this case, it is necessary to operate with indicators of general house and individual metering devices.
Calculation of general house costs
Household heat consumption refers to the loss of heat carrier from various leaks. engineering systems, poor insulation of pipes and risers (when the temperature at the entrance is 80 degrees, and the apartments reach 50 degrees).
Thanks to these losses, general house costs are calculated. That is, the temperature difference is taken when hot water enters the house, as well as when it enters the living quarters. Total heat loss should not exceed 10 degrees. This is included in the tariff. If this indicator is higher, then it is considered that the house is poorly insulated.
Also, this indicator is the limit for apartment building... Exceeding it leads to an increase in the cost of hot water, therefore management companies are obliged to carry out modernization engineering networks through which heat is supplied to the apartments.
The formula for calculating the cost of heat for an apartment
Now you can derive a formula for calculating the cost of heat for.
To begin with, you need to calculate the incoming heat using a general house metering device. This happens according to the following formula - C = A / B, where C is the number of gigocalories, A is the amount of heat carrier received, B is the amount of incoming water.
After deriving this indicator, you need to take the readings of the apartment thermal metering device (the amount of water received) and multiply it by C. It turns out the value of M. Next, M must be multiplied by the established tariff, and add to the resulting amount the component with which the water is heated (for example, gas, coal).
Thus, the calculation of the cost of heat for a specific apartment will be made.
Payment for the cost of heat energy should be made only for the period when the living quarters were heated. If the dwelling is not equipped with a gas water heater, then the payment for hot water, which is supplied for domestic needs, will be made every month at the established rates.
If the house is not equipped with metering devices, then all calculations will be carried out by an enterprise that provides heat supply services to residents of apartment buildings.
You need to understand that the tariff for each region is different, since it is formed by the municipal authorities and depends on the total costs that go to heating the water.
Most Frequently Asked Questions
How to settle controversial issues payment for hot water consumption? Photo # 3
Speaking about heating, citizens are interested in the following questions.
What to do if you enter an apartment with low temperature insufficient for heating. In this case, you need to invite representatives of the management company, an enterprise that supplies heat, and draw up an act of claim, in which you indicate the real temperature and demand to recalculate for the service not provided.
The second question is what to do if, according to the calculations of consumers, they should pay less, and payments for heat come too high. A claim to the provider of such services will also help here, in which you need to carry out examples of calculations, as well as require a recalculation of all charges.
Everything more people tries to install a water meter in apartments, believing that it will bring benefits, however, not everyone knows how to count hot water from a meter.
The problem of hot water supply for many Russian cities is extremely urgent. It is worth starting with the fact that in some settlements there is no centralized hot water supply at all. In this case, the issue is resolved due to electrical or gas water heaters... Sometimes their use becomes more profitable than obtaining already heated water.
It is very expensive to pay for hot water supply for those who do not have meters installed, therefore experts recommend not skimping on the installation of equipment to accurately calculate the consumed cubic meters
The payment for hot water supply is very expensive for those who do not have meters installed, therefore experts recommend not skimping on the installation of equipment to accurately calculate the consumed cubic meters. This allows you to save significant amounts every month and not overpay for water that was not actually used.
Those who have not previously encountered hot water meters and do not know how to count hot water from the meter, believe that calculating the payment is a rather complicated process. In fact, if it comes about centralized hot water supply, then there are no difficulties: payment by the meter for hot water is calculated in the same way as for cold water, but at different rates set by the authorities.
Representatives of state and local authorities are responsible for how much the population in a particular region will have to pay for hot water. Tariff calculations are carried out on the basis of Federal legislation.
Tariff calculations are carried out on the basis of Federal legislation
On a note! Tariffs in different regions of the country and even in different localities can vary greatly, but for all regions there are certain indices, above which it is impossible to raise tariffs for hot water supply.
Moreover, some categories of citizens who are eligible for benefits can take advantage of discounts. In this case, the calculation of payment for hot water on the meter will be made according to a special formula. An example of how to count hot water by a meter can be found below.
What's included in the price?
Many do not fully understand that the tariffs that are set by the state and local authorities include payment not only for the water itself and the energy spent on heating it: money is also collected for organizing the supply of hot water.
The tariff for hot water includes payment not only for the water itself and the energy spent on heating it: money is also collected for organizing the supply of hot water.
- payment of energy spent on water heating;
- costs for the purchase of cleaning components;
- the cost of purchasing various components for supplying liquid to the consumer;
- the cost of laboratory tests to control water quality;
- employee salaries;
- contributions for overhaul.
Also, do not forget that no company will work at a loss, and therefore the cost of each cubic meter of water also includes the net profit of the organization organizing its supply.
All these components are strictly regulated by law, which means that the supplier has no right to raise the price of a certain service at his own discretion.
Why is it beneficial to use a counter?
Many consumers, even those who have recently installed hot water meters, can feel a decrease in financial costs to pay for utilities. The main thing when deciding to install a meter is to understand how to calculate the hot water consumption by the meter.
It is worth noting that the change in financial costs for hot water does not depend on the fact that a cubic meter of hot water became cheaper when installing a meter - in fact, the tariffs remain the same anyway
It is worth noting that the change in financial costs for hot water does not depend on the fact that a cubic meter of hot water became cheaper when installing a meter - in fact, the tariffs remain the same anyway. The only difference is that without metering devices, you have to overpay for extra cubic meters, which are fixedly charged for each person registered in an apartment or house. In this situation, it does not matter whether a person lives at the place of registration or how much water he actually spends.
When installing a metering device, the amount for hot water may be several times less
Important! With metering devices, everything is much easier, the main thing is to know how to count hot water by the meter.
In this case, you need to pay only for the amount of fluid that was actually consumed. The amount may be several times less than without a meter.
Not every apartment building has common water meters. They are not very convenient, but they also help save on hot water bills. In this situation, billing is carried out not by the number of residents in the apartment, but by its area, taking into account personal utility rooms.
Household water meters are not very convenient, but they also help to save on payment for hot water
The person in charge removes the indicators from the general meter, this figure is multiplied by the tariffs provided for this settlement, and then the total amount is divided by apartment owners, taking into account the size of the premises. This formula is provided Russian legislation in case of using a common counter.
The general house counter cannot be called the most convenient solution, and therefore the majority of Russians are trying to install meters for hot water on a door-to-door basis. This makes it possible to pay only for the amount of water that was actually used. As for the general meter, it will be really beneficial only for large families who live in small apartments and consume a lot of hot water. For the rest, the plus of this type of accounting will be only in the fact that you will not have to pay for hot water supply during its complete absence, for example, during the repair of networks.
How to count hot water on a personal meter?
As for how to calculate hot water by the meter, it is worth noting that the metering device for hot water supply is quite simple to use. After installing it, the amount of water that will pass through the pipe will begin to be fixed. As a rule, initially a certain value is already "screwed up" in the counter, since it is necessary to check the device. This number is entered on the check of payment in the form of initial indications. The initial value of the meter readings must also be recorded by those who will put a seal on the device.
In accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 13.05.2013 No. 406 "On state regulation of tariffs in the field of water supply and sanitation" when centralized system hot water supply in closed system a two-component tariff for hot water is set, consisting of " component for cold water "(Rub / m 3) and" component for thermal energy "(RUB / Gcal). The resource supplying organization supplying hot water makes settlements with the utility service provider ( Management Company, HOA) for 2 resources: · cold water - according to the tariff for the "cold water component"; · heat energy - according to the tariff for the "heat energy component". The value of the cold water component is calculated by the tariff regulator based on the tariff for cold water. the component for heat energy is determined by the tariff regulator in accordance with guidelines on the basis of the following components: tariff for heat energy; costs of maintaining centralized hot water supply systems in the section from central heating points (inclusive), where hot water is prepared, to a point on the border of the operational responsibility of the subscriber and the regulated organization if such costs are not included in the heat tariff; The cost of heat energy losses in pipelines at the site from facilities where hot water is prepared, including from central heating points, including the maintenance of central heating points, to a point on the border of the operational responsibility of the subscriber and the regulated organization if such losses are not taken into account when setting tariffs for thermal energy; · costs associated with the transportation of hot water. Performers of utilities in accordance with the "Rules for the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings", approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011 No. No. 354 (hereinafter referred to as the Rules), calculate the amount of payment for utility services for hot water supply for the volume of consumed hot water in cubic meters. In accordance with the Rules, the amount of payment (P i) for utility services for hot water supply, in a room equipped with an individual appliance study that hot water, is determined by the formula: P i = V i n * T to p (1), where: V i n - the volume (amount) consumed for settlement period v i-th residential or non-residential premises of a communal resource, determined according to the indications of an individual metering device; T to p - the tariff for the utility resource. Since the tariff for the utility resource "hot water" is set in the form of two components, the utility service provider with hot water consumers makes payments for the components: cold water and heat energy for the needs of hot water supply. The amount of heat energy (Gcal / m 3) for the needs of hot water supply per 1m 3, as a rule, the contractor of utilities is determined on the basis of general house (collective) readings of metering devices for hot water and heat energy in hot water. It should be noted that the utility service provider makes settlements with resource supplying organization based on the readings of the same general house (collective) metering devices for hot water and heat energy in hot water. The consumed amount of heat energy in hot water in the i-room (Gcal) is determined by multiplying the amount of hot water by an individual metering device (m 3) by the specific heat energy consumption in hot water (Gcal / m 3). The volume of hot water, determined by an individual metering device (m 3), is multiplied by the tariff "component for cold water" (rubles / m 3) - this is the payment for cold water in composition of hot water. The volume of heat energy in consumed hot water (Gcal) is multiplied by the tariff "component for heat energy" (RUB / Gcal) - this is the payment for heat energy in the composition of hot water. In accordance with the information letter of the Federal Tariff Service of Russia dated November 18 2014 No. СЗ-12713/5 "Regarding the regulation of tariffs for hot water in a closed hot water supply system for 2015", it says that the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of state regulation Changing prices (tariffs) have the right to make a decision on the establishment of tariffs for hot water in a closed hot water supply system per 1 cu. m. At the same time, the calculation of the tariff for hot water (T gws) per 1 m 3 is made according to the formula: T gws = T hws * (1 + K pw) + US ctp + T t / e * Q t / e (2), where : Т хвс - tariff for cold (rubles / cubic meters); Т т / е - tariff for heat energy (rubles / Gcal); К пв - coefficient taking into account water losses in closed heat supply systems from central heating points to the point connections; US central - unit costs for the maintenance of hot water supply systems from central heating points to the boundaries of the balance sheet of consumers (excluding losses) if such costs are not taken into account in the tariffs for heat energy (power), per 1 cubic meter. m; Q t / e is the amount of heat required to prepare one cubic meter of hot water (Gcal / cubic meter). At the same time, the amount of heat for preparing one cubic meter of hot water (Q t / e) is determined by calculation taking into account heat capacity, pressure, temperature, water density, heat energy losses in risers and heated towel rails. Thus, the charge in the receipt for hot water depends on the form in which the regulator sets the tariff for hot water: for two components (cold water and heat energy ) or per cubic meter. In question the amounts of charges for 2 components (cold water and heat energy) are given, but not indicated municipality and component rates. If we assume that the consumption of hot water was 10 m 3, then the tariff for the “cold water component” is 331 rubles. / 10 m 3 = 33.10 rubles / m 3. If we assume that the tariff for the “heat energy” component is 1800 rubles / Gcal, the amount of consumed heat energy is: 1100 rubles. / 1800 rubles / Gcal = 0.611 Gcal, respectively, for heating 1 m 3 of hot water, the consumption of thermal energy was 0.611 Gcal / 10 m 3 = 0.0611 Gcal / m 3. Chief Economist of Yurenergo Group of Companies Isaeva T.V.
The examples of calculating the cost of hot water and heat energy given by REC employees, although they are largely arbitrary, nevertheless show that the presence of a metering device allows you to pay according to actual consumption. Calculation according to standards is almost always an overpayment.
It should be noted that hot water supply can be centralized and non-centralized.
Non-centralized water supply is the preparation of hot water in indoor autonomous systems engineering support. For example, when a boiler is installed in a private house or instantaneous water heater.
Only centralized hot water supply is subject to regulation (tariff setting). In this regard, a distinction is made between open and closed hot water supply circuits.
Open circuit
With an open (centralized) heat supply scheme, hot water is taken for the needs of hot water supply directly from the heating network.
In accordance with current legislation, a two-component tariff is set for hot water in an open system, which consists of a component for the heating medium and a component for thermal energy.
The component for thermal energy is set by the regulator in the form of a one-rate or two-rate component equal to the one-rate or two-rate heat energy tariff, respectively.
The component for the heat carrier (and for utilities it is, as a rule, water that has undergone additional preparation at the boiler house) is installed as a one-part component and is taken equal to the tariff for the heat carrier.
An example of calculating the payment for hot water in the presence of an in-house metering device
Calculation data:
consumption volume 5 cubic meters.
The payment for hot water supply provided in the indicated apartment will be: 5.0 * 89.38 = 446.90 rubles.
Calculation of the amount of payment for hot water supply in an open heating system provided in a residential building in the absence of an in-house metering device(in the presence of technical capability its establishment) is determined based on the consumption rate, the number of residents in the dwelling (registered) and the tariff for hot water.
An example of calculating a payment for hot water in the absence of an in-house metering device
The apartment building is located in the city of Omsk, the supplier of heat energy is JSC Omsk RTS through the networks of the small sector of the city of Omsk, Thermal Company.
Calculation data:
consumption standard in the amount specified in Appendix No. 1 of the order of the REC of the Omsk Region dated 09/11/2014 No. 118/46 for 5-storey buildings, 3.4 cubic meters. m / sq. m (in the absence of the technical feasibility of installing an individual metering of hot water).
two-component tariff for hot water, approved by order of the REC of the Omsk region dated December 19, 2016 No. 597/71, from January 1, 2017 in the following amount:
Conversion to one-component according to the following formula:
17.82 + 1422.60 * 0.0503 = 89.38 rubles / cubic meter m;
where 0.0503 Gcal / cu. m is the standard amount of thermal energy for the preparation of one cubic meter of hot water.
Number of residents - 3 people.
The payment for hot water supply provided in the apartment will be: 3.4 * 89.38 * 3 = 911.68 rubles.
Important ! If the apartment does not have a metering device if it is technically possible to install it, a multiplying coefficient is applied in the calculation, which from January 1, 2017 is 1.5.
The payment in the above apartment, taking into account the increasing coefficient, will be 3.4 * 1.5 * 89.38 * 3 = 1,367.51 rubles.
Currently, in accordance with federal legislation, a phased transition from an open hot water supply system to a closed one is taking place.
Closed circuit
With a closed (centralized) hot water supply system, hot water from the heating network is used exclusively for heating, and hot water supply is provided through a separate circuit or drinking water in central heating points (TSC).
In accordance with the current legislation, tariffs for hot water in a closed hot water supply system are set in the form of two-component tariffs, consisting of a component for cold water and a component for thermal energy.
The cold water component is equal to the set cold water tariff, the heat component is equal to the set heat tariff.
The amount of payment for utility services for hot water supply is determined in accordance with the Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings, approved by a Government decree Russian Federation dated May 6, 2011 No. 354, according to the formula No. 24.
An example of calculating the payment for hot water in a closed hot water supply system in the presence of an in-house metering device
Calculation data:
the volume of consumption in the apartment is 5 cubic meters.
The payment for the hot water supply service in the first half of 2017 in the indicated apartment will be:
14.63 * 5 + (5 * 0.0503) * 1422.60 = 430.93 rubles.
An example of calculating payment for hot water in a closed hot water supply system in the absence of an in-house metering device
The apartment building is located in the city of Omsk, the supplier of hot water is the MP of the city of Omsk "Thermal Company" from the heat sources of JSC "Omsk RTS".
Calculation data:
consumption standard in accordance with Appendix No. 1 of the order of the REC of the Omsk Region dated 09/11/2014 No. 118/46 for 5-storey buildings - 3.4 cubic meters. m / person
two-component tariff for hot water, approved by order of the REC of the Omsk region dated 20.12.2016 No. 623/72, from January 1, 2017 in the following amount:
The payment for the hot water supply service for 1 person in the first half of 2017 in the specified apartment will be:
14.63 * 3.4 + (3.4 * 0.0503) * 1422.60 = 293.03 rubles.
If the apartment does not have a metering device if it is technically possible to install it, a multiplying coefficient is applied in the calculation, which from January 1, 2017 is 1.5.
The payment for the hot water supply service from 1 person living in the above apartment, taking into account the increasing coefficient, will be 1.5 * 293.03 = 439.55 rubles.
Infographics provided by REC of the Omsk region