Mastering educational programs preschool education is not accompanied by intermediate certification and final certification of pupils. The standard should normatively provide state guarantees of equal opportunities for each child in receiving preschool education.

The new law "On Education" spells out state guarantees for the "mandatory nature of preschool education." Paragraph 3. Article 5 of Chapter 1 interprets: “In Russian Federation general accessibility and free of charge in accordance with the federal state educational standards of preschool, primary general, basic general and secondary general education are guaranteed ... ”, etc.

This is not an obligation for all children to go to kindergarten, but a guarantee of the state that it assumes obligations and officially fixes this in the law - to provide everyone with a full-fledged up to school education". The parent himself will decide where to give him the child - to a kindergarten, a family group, a non-governmental institution, or will be his

educate yourself. Preschool education can be carried out both in a preschool institution and in the form of family education. In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 64 of Chapter 1, “parents (legal representatives) of underage students who provide children with preschool education in the form of family education have the right to receive methodological, psychological and pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance free of charge, including in preschool educational organizations and general educational organizations, if they have established appropriate counseling centers. Ensuring the provision of such types of assistance is carried out by the authorities state power subjects of the Russian Federation".

According to the new Law "On Education", preschool education is separated from supervision and care of children. Supervision and care of children can be carried out not only by educational organizations, but also by other organizations engaged in educational activities. Babysitting and childcare is a set of measures for catering and household services for children, ensuring their compliance with personal hygiene and daily routine.

Pre-school education is free, while child care and supervision becomes paid. The amount will depend on the founder of the kindergarten. At the same time, the founder has the right not to charge a fee or reduce its amount for certain categories of parents. For supervision and care of disabled children, orphans and children left without parental care, as well as for children with tuberculosis intoxication studying in state and municipal educational institutions, parental fees are not charged. At the same time, the norms for compensating part of the parental fee remain: at least 20% of the average parental fee for the first child, at least 50% for the second child, and at least 70% of the amount of such a fee for the third child and subsequent children.

The entry into force of the new Law caused the appearance of another regulatory document: in accordance with Part 2 of Article 13, the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation published the "Procedure for the organization and implementation of educational activities in general educational programs of preschool education." This normative act establishes the rules for the organization and implementation of educational activities both for preschool organizations and for other organizations implementing preschool education programs or caring for children.

So, dear colleagues, we are entering a new academic year with a new Law. I congratulate you on the beginning of the academic year and wish you creative, fruitful success in implementing the Law for the benefit of the younger generation!

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Parent meeting "New Law" On Education ". Changes in the legislative framework of a preschool institution”

Parent meeting New law on education. Changes in legislative framework preschool

From January 1, 2014, paragraphs 3 and 6 of part 1 of Article 8, as well as paragraph 1 of part 1 of Article 9 come into force.

Levels of education

preschool education

primary general education

basic general education

secondary general education

For the first time, pre-school education is recognized as an independent level of general education, which means that it must now work in accordance with the standard. (Article 10, part 4).

Federal state educational standards are approved for all levels of general education (Article 5, Part 3, including for preschool.

Education

Education and training in the interests of the individual, society and the state

(LAW ON EDUCATION, 1992, 1996)

A single purposeful process of education and training, which is a socially significant good and is carried out in the interests of a person, family, society and the state, as well as a set of acquired knowledge, skills, values, experience and competence of a certain volume and complexity for the purposes of intellectual, spiritual -moral, creative, physical and professional development of a person, satisfaction of his educational needs and interests.

(NEW LAW ON EDUCATION, 2013, CHAPTER 1, ART. 2)

1. The right of every person to education is guaranteed in the Russian Federation.

2. The right to education in the Russian Federation is guaranteed REGARDLESS of gender, race, nationality, language, origin, property, social origin, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, membership in public associations (Chapter 1, Article 5, paragraphs 1, 2)

The new law "On Education" spells out state guarantees for the "mandatory nature of preschool education." Clause 3. Article 5 of Chapter 1 interprets: “In the Russian Federation, public accessibility and free of charge are guaranteed in accordance with the federal state educational standards of preschool, primary general, basic general and secondary general education ...”, etc.

This is not an obligation for all children to go to kindergarten, but a guarantee of the state that it assumes obligations and officially fixes this in law - to provide everyone with a full-fledged preschool education. "The parent himself will decide where to send his child to him - in the kindergarten , a family group, a non-governmental institution, or will educate him independently.

Preschool education can be carried out both in a preschool institution and in the form of family education.

In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 64 of Chapter 7, “parents (legal representatives) of minors who provide children with preschool education in the form of family education have the right to receive methodological, psychological and pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance free of charge, including in preschool educational organizations and general educational organizations, if they have established appropriate counseling centers. Ensuring the provision of such types of assistance is carried out by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

According to the new Law "On Education", preschool education is separated from supervision and care of children. Supervision and care of children can be carried out not only by educational organizations, but also by other organizations engaged in educational activities. Babysitting and childcare is a set of measures for catering and household services for children, ensuring that they observe personal hygiene and daily routine. Pre-school education is free, while child care and supervision becomes paid. The amount will depend on the founder of the kindergarten. At the same time, the founder has the right not to charge a fee or reduce its amount for certain categories of parents. For supervision and care of disabled children, orphans and children left without parental care, as well as for children with tuberculosis intoxication studying in state and municipal educational institutions, parental fees are not charged. At the same time, the norms for compensating part of the parental fee remain: at least 20% of the average parental fee for the first child, at least 50% for the second child, at least 70% of the amount of such fee for the third child and subsequent children

Federal state educational standard

On August 28, 2013, the Council of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation on Federal State Standards approved the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education (FSES DO).

Why do we need a standard

This is a requirement of the Law on Education in the Russian Federation, which entered into force on September 1, 2013. For the first time, pre-school education is recognized as an independent level of general education, which means that it must now work in accordance with the standard. FGT made demands on the structure and conditions for the implementation of the main educational program, GEF DO also impose requirements on the results of mastering the main educational program, and this is a fundamental innovation. One of the requirements of the standard is to move away from the academic system. The child must master the ability to live in peace with himself, gain skills in the game individual work and group interaction, learn to learn. It is at preschool age that the basic personality traits are formed, key social skills - multiculturalism, respect for other people, adherence to democratic values, a healthy and safe lifestyle. Therefore, one of the most important tasks of preschool education is to initiate the formation of a child's self-identification in the world around him: with his family, region, country.

The standard has the following objectives

ensuring by the state of equal opportunities for each child in obtaining a quality preschool education;

Ensuring state guarantees of the level and quality of education on the basis of unity mandatory requirements to the conditions for the implementation of the main educational programs, their structure and the results of their development;

Preservation of the unity of the educational space of the Russian Federation regarding the level of preschool education.

Based on the standards, the main educational program for preschool education of the PEP DO is being developed, which will determine the set of basic characteristics of preschool education (volume, content and planned results in the form of targets (and not ZUNs or integrative qualities) of preschool education, organizational and pedagogical conditions pedagogical process. The program is approved by the organization independently (Article 12.6 of the Law "On Education in the Russian Federation").

Interaction between family and preschool institution

Parents are primarily responsible for the upbringing and development of the child. best interests which should be the primary concern of parents.

Convention on the Rights of the Child (Article 18)

“Parents (legal representatives) of underage students (pupils) have a preferential right to educate and educate children over all other persons. They are obliged to lay the foundations of the physical, moral and intellectual development child's personality.

(Article 44, part 1)

"State authorities and local government, educational organizations provide assistance to parents (lawful upbringing of children, protection and strengthening of their physical and mental health, development of individual abilities and the necessary correction of violations of their development).

(Article 44, part 2)

For failure to perform or improper performance of the duties of raising children, parents may be brought to justice. various types legal liability:

Administrative (Article 5.35 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses (“Failure by parents or other legal representatives of minors to fulfill their obligations to support and educate minors”);

Civil Law (Articles 1073 - 1075 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation);

Family law (Article 69 "Deprivation of parental rights", Article 73 "Restriction of parental rights" of the Family Code of the Russian Federation);

Criminal (Article 156 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation "Failure to fulfill the obligations of raising a minor")

For non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of the obligations established by this Federal Law and other Federal Laws, parents (legal representatives) of underage students are liable under the legislation of the Russian Federation. (Law “On Education”, Chapter 4, Article 44)

Family is happiness, love and luck.

Family is summer trips to the country.

Family is a holiday, family dates,

Gifts, purchases, pleasant spending.

The birth of children, the first step, the first babble,

Dreams of good, excitement and awe,

Family is work, caring for each other,

Family is a lot of homework

Family is important!

Family is hard!

And it is impossible to live happily alone!

for your attention!

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Article 18 Preschool Education Law on Education of the Russian Federation (full text) (2015) . Relevant in 2015 | The law is simple!

1. Parents are the first teachers. They are obliged to lay the foundations for the physical, moral and intellectual development of the child's personality in early childhood.

Item 2 - Repealed.

(as amended by Federal Law No. 122-FZ of 22.08.2004)

3. For raising children preschool age protection and strengthening of their physical and mental health, the development of individual abilities and the necessary correction of developmental disorders of these children to help the family, there is a network of preschool educational institutions.

4. Relations between a preschool educational institution and parents (legal representatives) are governed by an agreement between them, which cannot limit the rights of the parties established by law.

5. Local self-government bodies organize and coordinate methodological, diagnostic and advisory assistance to families raising children of preschool age at home.

Download Law on Education of the Russian Federation (full text) (2015) Relevant in 2015

Source www.zakonprost.ru

Law on preschool education

Since the beginning of the new academic year in 2013, the new Federal Law No. 273 “On Education in the Russian Federation” has come into force. First of all, the amendments affected preschoolers.

Now pre-school education as such is another niche in the entire education system along with school education and university education. The list of organizations that will be able to carry out the education of preschoolers is also being replenished, now these are not only state institutions or institutions of a municipal nature, organizations that are engaged in the treatment or prevention of a preschool child can also do this. Both legal entities and individual entrepreneurs can also engage in preschool education.

The new law abolished the norms that previously limited the amount of cash payment for the supervision and care of a child. Each founder of the organization independently sets the fee, may not set it, but you should not count on it. As they say, free cheese is only in a mousetrap.

The law also contains the following rules:

Parents of a child who does not go to kindergarten can receive methodological, psychological, pedagogical and other assistance;

Payment for disabled children, children left without parental care and other socially unprotected layers;

Not allowed to take extra cash for the maintenance of real estate of organizations, as well as the implementation of a general education program.

Most of the parents are primarily frightened by the fact that there is no set limit for the collection of fees by organizations for attending a preschool institution by a child. People are afraid of exorbitant maintenance prices, salaries do not grow as fast as payments. However, so far no discontent among the people has been identified.

Car repairs are expensive. This is especially true for the repair of Volkswagen cars. Installation windshield Volkswagen can sometimes cost a lot of money.

But our company will install the windshield quickly and efficiently, and even at a low price.

From September 1, 2013, a new law on education in Russia comes into force Consultant Plus

Federal Law No. 273-FZ of December 29, 2012 "On Education in the Russian Federation"

The law determines the levels of general education (preschool education, primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education) and the levels of vocational education (secondary vocational education, higher education - bachelor's degree; higher education - specialist, master's degree; higher education - training of highly qualified personnel) . Another level of higher education is being introduced - the training of highly qualified personnel, which includes training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel, residency programs, and assistant-internship programs.

Along with the main educational programs in the field of education, there are also additional educational programs of various directions and degrees of complexity, formed taking into account the age characteristics, interests, abilities, level of education and professional qualifications of students.

The law expands the circle of entities entitled to conduct educational activities, including the legal possibilities for access of "non-educational" organizations to educational activities. In addition, the law has a separate article dedicated to the regulation legal status individual entrepreneurs engaged in educational activities.

The law now also regulates the provision of scholarships to students of educational institutions of vocational education.

The Law has separate provisions on:

Credit-modular system of organization of the educational process and the system of credits;

Network interaction in the implementation of educational programs, including the mechanism for offsetting the results of mastering certain parts of the educational program in third-party organizations;

Use of remote educational technologies in the educational process;

Training in integrated educational programs;

Educational and information resources in the educational process, etc.

The conditions for conducting experimental and innovative activities in the field of education are regulated. In addition, models of economic activity in the field of education have been updated.

From the date of entry into force of the new Law, the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" and the Federal Law "On Higher and Postgraduate Vocational Education" are recognized as invalid. For certain provisions of the new Law, other terms for their entry into force have been established.

Simultaneously with the entry into force of the new Law, a number of by-laws adopted in accordance with it come into force. Among them, in particular:

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 15, 2013 N 706 "On approval of the Rules for the provision of paid educational services";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 24, 2013 N 370 "On approval of the Rules for payment for the services of experts and expert organizations and reimbursement of expenses incurred by them in connection with the accreditation examination";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 24, 2013 N 438 "On the State Information System" Register of Organizations Carrying out Educational Activities under State-Accredited Educational Programs ";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 10, 2013 N 582 "On approval of the Rules for posting on the official website of an educational organization in the information and telecommunication network "Internet" and updating information about an educational organization";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 20, 2013 N 611 "On approval of the Rules for confirming documents on education and (or) qualifications";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 25, 2013 N 627 "On approval of requirements for the implementation state control(supervision) in the field of education over the activities of educational organizations implementing educational programs containing information constituting a state secret";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 08.08.2013 N 678 "On approval of the nomenclature of positions of teaching staff of organizations engaged in educational activities, positions of heads of educational organizations";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated March 6, 2013 N 160 "On approval of the Procedure for the creation in educational organizations implementing educational programs of higher education, scientific organizations and other organizations engaged in scientific (research) activities, laboratories engaged in scientific (research) and ( or) scientific and technical activity";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated March 15, 2013 N 185 "On approval of the Procedure for applying to students and removing students from disciplinary measures";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated April 18, 2013 N 292 "On Approval of the Procedure for Organization and Implementation of Educational Activities in Basic Vocational Training Programs";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated 06.06.2013 N 443 "On approval of the Procedure and cases of transfer of persons studying in educational programs of secondary vocational and higher education, from paid education for free";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated June 13, 2013 N 455 "On approval of the Procedure and grounds for granting academic leave to students";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated June 14, 2013 N 462 "On approval of the procedure for conducting self-examination by an educational organization";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated June 14, 2013 N 464 "On approval of the procedure for organizing and implementing educational activities in educational programs of secondary vocational education", etc.

Date of publication on the site: 01/04/2013

Material from the site www.Consultant.ru

Other legal entities, as well as individual entrepreneurs, are also entitled to carry out educational activities, including educational programs for preschool education.

If parents give their child pre-school education in the family, then they have the right to receive methodological, psychological-pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance free of charge, including in pre-school educational organizations and general education organizations, if they have established appropriate counseling centers.

A preschool educational organization provides education, training, supervision, care and rehabilitation of children from the age of 2 months.

Law on Education: Features of Preschool Education Regulation | Articles | Directory of the head of the preschool institution

At the end of 2012, a new Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" was adopted, which will enter into force in September 2013. How does it differ from the current normative act? What's new in the regulation of preschool education?

The new law on education is quite different from the old one. The provisions of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" concerned mainly managerial and financial-economic relations in the field of education. The federal law "On Education in the Russian Federation" regulates not only these relations, but also the content of education (including establishing requirements for educational programs and standards), and also regulates in more detail the rights and responsibilities of participants in the educational process.

In accordance with the new law, education in the Russian Federation is divided into general education, vocational education, additional education and vocational training. At the same time, general education and vocational education are implemented at several levels. In particular, general education includes:

• preschool education;
• basic general education;
• secondary general education.

Thus, pre-school education is now one of the levels of general education. The development of educational programs of preschool education is regulated by federal state educational standards, but is not accompanied by intermediate certification and final certification of students.

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Article 64 Law on Education in the Russian Federation 2015 (New!). Preschool education

1. Preschool education is aimed at the formation of a common culture, the development of physical, intellectual, moral, aesthetic and personal qualities, the formation of the prerequisites for educational activities, the preservation and strengthening of the health of preschool children.

2. Educational programs of preschool education are aimed at the versatile development of preschool children, taking into account their age and individual characteristics, including the achievement by children of preschool age of the level of development necessary and sufficient for their successful mastering of educational programs of primary general education, based on individual approach to preschool children and activities specific to preschool children. The development of educational programs of preschool education is not accompanied by intermediate certification and final certification of students.

3. Parents (legal representatives) of minors who provide children with preschool education in the form of family education have the right to receive methodological, psychological and pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance without charging a fee, including in preschool educational organizations and general educational organizations, if appropriate counseling centers have been set up in them. Ensuring the provision of such types of assistance is carried out by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

NEW IN THE LAW ON EDUCATION

In the conceptual apparatus

A number of new concepts have been introduced:

an educational organization, an organization that provides training, organizations that carry out educational activities; relations in the field of education, participants in educational relations, participants in relations in the field of education; conflict of interests of a teacher; and others.

In preschool education

• Preschool education becomes an independent level of education and is regulated by federal state educational standards.
• It is separated from the "care and care" of children, i.e. teach the child to kindergarten will be free, and you will have to pay for supervision and care. The fee is determined by the founder. In the kindergarten, they will now teach at the expense of the state, and feed - at the expense of the parents. For supervision and care, you can receive compensation from the budget. Its size is determined by the regions. And if someone wants a free education without additional markups - welcome to short stay groups.
• Low-income parents, by decision of the founders, may pay less or not pay at all. Disabled children, orphans and tuberculosis patients are exempted from the fee.
• Another innovation is the educational standard for preschoolers. It is not very clear why it was called the "standard" - in fact, it is more of a guideline. A sort of guiding star for parents. This standard is not for a child, but for a teacher and a parent, - It corrects those excesses that have developed over last years- replacement of kindergarten by elementary school. The task of the kindergarten is not to teach counting and reading, but to prepare the child so that he wants to learn and has opportunities for socialization. The new law prohibits the final assessment for the student. Simply put, if your two-year-old does not meet the standard, then there is no need to panic and hire a bunch of tutors. Maybe he's brilliant in another way. It is possible that the child is a defecation prodigy, and new law will allow him to harmoniously develop his abilities.

In the field of general secondary education

Powers are redistributed regional bodies state authorities and local self-government bodies to ensure guarantees of the rights of citizens to receive public and free preschool education. The closure of a rural school can only happen with the approval of the village assembly.

The names of types and types of educational organizations are changing. There is no mention of gymnasiums and lyceums in the law. The specialization of an educational institution may be indicated in its name.

The right of preferential entry into the first cash desks is given to those who live in the territory to which the school is attached.

In schools with in-depth study of any subjects, admission will be made individually in the middle and senior classes.

The features of education by foreigners and stateless persons, convicts are determined.

Individual study schedule. No, this does not mean that you can officially play truant and go to class a couple of times a month. Only possible if there is no other way.

The individual schedule is intended primarily for those who, due to circumstances, cannot regularly attend school - For example, who are seriously involved in sports or music and go to competitions. Or those who have recently changed schools - courses already taken at the old school can be re-credited, for others come to additional classes. This option is also for those who have health problems and who cannot attend school regularly.

Separately, the right of the child to a quality inclusive education according to adapted programs is spelled out.

The concept of "safety of the school environment" has been introduced, which simplifies the presentation of claims against the school due to an accident with a student.

Learn more about the measures disciplinary action. Students will be subject to more stringent discipline and performance requirements, up to and including expulsion from school, incl. and in case of non-fulfillment by the student of the obligations for the conscientious development of the educational program and the implementation of the curriculum.

Here are the summer scandals with the exam did not teach anything. The law does not provide for any additional mechanisms regulation. Of course, while working on it. But it seems that the 2014 issue will still be able to download the correct assignments and put the answers on the Internet.

The results of the exam will be valid for 4 years.

The law enshrined the principle of the secular nature of education in public schools and the practice of teaching ORSE. Religious organizations received the right to check the curriculum for compliance with the dogma, as well as to recommend their teachers to work in schools.

Separate articles are devoted to the status of a teacher and leader. The rights, duties and responsibilities of teachers are also regulated in more detail. As for teachers' remuneration, according to the law, it cannot be lower than the average salary in the respective region.

Course retraining teacher must take place every 3 years, and not every 5 years.

In secondary vocational education

Vocational schools offering initial vocational education programs will be closed.

Educational institutions received the right to introduce integrated educational programs and provide both school and vocational education.

It is allowed to select students in creative educational institutions according to their abilities immediately after they graduate elementary school, and upon graduation, give them not only a certificate, but also a diploma of secondary vocational education.

In higher education

According to the new law on education, there should be at least 800 public sector students for every 10,000 people aged 17 to 30.

Privileges for entering a university are being reduced, and instead, certain categories of beneficiaries are given the opportunity to study free of charge at preparatory courses.

Enrollment in a university can only be USE results, with the exception of Moscow State University, St. Petersburg State University (as well as several other federal universities), where you will have to take additional exams.

Winners and prize-winners of Olympiads are entitled to enter the university without entrance examinations. For admission "on the budget" out of competition for children with disabilities, a quota is set - 10% of total budgetary places in a specific direction (specialization), subject to their successful completion of entrance examinations.

Beneficiaries are also provided with priority accommodation in a student dormitory, and they are exempt from accommodation fees. For other students, the educational organization itself decides on the establishment of fees.

In military universities, the priority right to enter, ceteris paribus, is granted to “children of citizens undergoing military service under a contract and having a total duration of military service twenty years or more."

The law obliges all universities to participate in the monitoring of the Ministry of Education and Science.

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For the first time, the law stipulates that pre-school education is the level of general education. This event is significant: it is preschool education that is especially important for the formation of the personality of the child, his future destiny.

A logical continuation of this decision is the adoption of federal state educational standards for preschool education. Pre-school education becomes the first level in the education system As for concerns about the rise in the cost of education, they remain relevant only for pre-school educational organizations.

The law does not guarantee a limit on the size of the parental supplement for maintenance in kindergarten, so theoretically (if the founder makes such a decision) this could lead to an increase in it. It is impossible to expel a child from a preschool educational organization due to the delay in payment by his parents (legal representatives) for supervision and care.

Conflict of interests of a teacher. There was no such concept in the education legislation before, although there was a conflict of interest as an objective reality.

This is a situation in which a teacher in the implementation of his professional activity there is a personal interest in obtaining material benefits or other advantages and which affects or may affect the proper performance of professional duties by a teacher due to a contradiction between his personal interest and the interests of the student, parents (legal representatives) of minor students. Monitoring the effectiveness of universities is becoming an annual and mandatory for both public and private universities In the fall of 2012, the Ministry of Education and Science for the first time conducted a monitoring of higher education institutions.

541 state universities and 994 branches took part in it. As a result, about 30 universities and 262 branches were recognized as inefficient and in need of reorganization. 3. The results of the unified state exam (USE) will be valid for five years4.

The individual needs of students are taken into account The law gives priority to inclusive education, which involves the education of children with disabilities not in a specialized, but in a regular educational institution. However, they can still receive education in special institutions.

The legislator establishes the right of the student to an individual study schedule and to choose subjects according to the course. In line with the new

Preschool education for children: what to expect from the new standard

Many teachers believe that the knowledge and values ​​instilled in a child at preschool age will become the determining factors in the future fate of a person. Preschool education plays an important role in shaping the future personality. Perhaps, it was precisely for these reasons that, when reforming the education system in the Russian Federation, the legislator paid Special attention problems of preschool education. About how the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation" (hereinafter referred to as the law on education) showed itself over several months of its application, and what to expect from the federal state educational standard for preschool education1 (hereinafter - the standard of preschool education), which comes into force on January 1, 2014, we talked with the director of the Federal State Scientific Institution "Institute for Psychological and Pedagogical Problems of Childhood" of the Russian Academy of Education, Ph.D., professor, member of the working group on the development of a standard for preschool education Tatyana Volosovets.

Prior to the entry into force of the law on education, preschool education was first step general education. After September 1, 2013, pre-school education is level general education (art. 4 of the law on education). How do you evaluate this innovation?

T.V.: Very good. The Law on Education defined the new status of preschool education as level general education. Raising the status of preschool education is a very positive trend.

At the same time, it would be nice to raise the status of a preschool teacher, including equalizing the level of salaries in preschool education and at school. This work is already underway in the regions.

Everyone knows that in Russia the problem of queues in kindergartens is very acute. According to official data, places are currently waiting in groups of about half a million children. How can this problem be solved?

T.V.: This problem can be solved in two ways. The first is the construction of new kindergartens. This task was set in the May (2012) decrees of the President2, it is carried out by the regions of Russia.

For construction from the federal budget 59 billionrub. The second is the development of variable organizational forms of preschool education, and this method is precisely reflected in the standard of preschool education.

In paragraph 2, part 3 of Art. 44 of the Law on Education states that parents (legal representatives) of underage students have the right to give their child pre-school education in the family. Who in this case controls the receipt of the specified education by the child?

T.V.: There is no answer to this question yet. The Ministry of Education and Science of Russia in the Action Plan to ensure the introduction of the federal state educational standard for preschool education plans to develop Guidelines"Organization of obtaining methodological, psychological and pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance to parents of children receiving preschool education in the form of family education" in 2014.

Many criticize the standard of preschool education for the abundance of general norms (there is no clear regulation on how to develop children; what conditions should be for this; what is the maximum number of children allowed in a group). What is your opinion on this matter?

T.V.: The standard of preschool education focuses on the plurality of possible Exemplary basic educational programs of educational institutions with the recognition of differences in their psychological and pedagogical foundations, methods and forms of work, recognition of the variability of the conditions and results of the work of preschool educational institutions.

Everything related to education and development will be reflected in these programs. Conditions, including psychological and pedagogical, personnel, financial, material and technical, are reflected in the standard of preschool education. The maximum occupancy of groups, including in groups of compensatory and combined orientation, is established in accordance with sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations.

Previously, the size of the parental fee (payment for childcare and care) in state educational institutions implementing the basic general educational program of preschool education was set at no more than 20% of the cost of maintaining a child (Article 52.1 of the Law of the Russian Federation dated July 10, 1992 No. 3266-1 "On education"). The law on education abolished the 20% limit for the specified fee and granted the right to the founders to set the limit themselves.

Thus, kindergarten fees for childcare services may increase for parents five times. What ways out of this situation do you see?

T.V.: There is only one way out - making appropriate changes to the law on education. I would like to return the wording of Art.

52.1 of the Law of the Russian Federation of July 10, 1992 No. 3266-1 "On Education", according to which the size of the parental fee (fee for childcare and care) in state educational institutions implementing the basic general educational program of preschool education was set at an amount of no more than 20% of child support costs.

Dmitry Livanov, Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation:

"The accessibility and quality of preschool education is one of the significant factors when young families make decisions that they are ready to become parents. And in fact, it is precisely preschool education that is the only one where we do not yet guarantee general accessibility to citizens. We need to definitely solve this task".

Obtaining preschool education in educational organizations can begin when children reach the age two months(Article 67 of the law on education). What activities will be carried out in relation to children of this age?

T.V.: Now the authors are finalizing the Exemplary Basic Educational Programs, which also reflect the system of working with children from two months to three years. Teachers and psychologists have accumulated extensive experience in the development and upbringing of children at this age.

Nursery groups were also in Soviet time they are still functioning. I don't see any problems in developing programs for infants and young children.

How is counseling centers for parents (legal representatives) of underage students being created in Russia to ensure that children receive preschool education in the form of family education?

T.V.: No way yet, although in paragraph 3 of Art. 64 of the Law on Education establishes the right of parents to use methodological, psychological-pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance in counseling centers. The Ministry of Education and Science of Russia in the Action Plan to ensure the introduction of the federal state educational standard for preschool education provides for the development of "Guidelines for the organization and functioning of counseling centers (organizational, economic, functional issues)" in 2014.

The Law on Education in the Russian Federation - 273 FZ, adopted by the State Duma on December 21, 2012, it fully regulates the field of education in our country. For leaders, this document is a reference book, a kind of Bible, which they must know and strictly observe all the provisions. It is desirable that both parents and students of various educational institutions also get acquainted with the main provisions of the Law.

Unfortunately, within the framework of one article it is impossible to analyze in detail the entire Law, each of its paragraphs. We will analyze the key, most important provisions that can help many consumers of educational services, since the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" is applied in kindergartens, schools, colleges, universities, etc.

Basic concepts

Education is a single purposeful process of educating and educating a person, a set of acquired knowledge, skills, experience, moral values, attitudes. The goal is to form a comprehensively developed citizen with a high intellectual, physical, cultural, spiritual and moral development.

It is a mistake to believe that education consists only in obtaining information. We are using terms incorrectly here.

Education is the purposeful acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities.

Education is a process aimed at the spiritual and moral development of the individual, as a result of which the development of generally accepted rules and norms should occur.

Education includes training (acquisition of knowledge and skills), upbringing (learning generally accepted norms), physical development.

education requirement

A teacher is a person who carries out the educational process. It consists of labor relations with an educational organization, performs certain official duties getting paid for it. Before the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” was adopted, there were no restrictions at the legislative level for accepting a teacher in a school or a kindergarten teacher. At school, it was quite normal to see a teacher as a person who himself hardly graduated at one time. In the absence of professional personnel, with low pay for teachers, few people went to pedagogical universities. The problem is exacerbated by the very low percentage of graduates who decide to link their lives with educational institutions.

Today the situation is different: the law "On Education in the Russian Federation" establishes a ban on pedagogical activity persons who do not have the appropriate qualifications. In Art. 46 of the Law expressly establishes that the right to be an educator has a person who has graduated or higher educational institution. Education alone is not enough. It will also be necessary to pass the additional specialization "Pedagogy", if the university or college of the applicant is not pedagogical.

Education document

The Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" provides for the issuance of supporting documents (certificate, diploma) for passing the following stages of education:

1. Basic general.
2. Average general.
3. Primary vocational.
4. Medium professional.
5. Higher education - bachelor's degree.
6. Higher education is a specialty.
7. Higher education - magistracy.

Education system

Law "On Education of the Russian Federation" ( latest edition) contains a hierarchy of the main components in a unified education system:

1. and instructions - these are regulatory documents, according to which schools, institutes, colleges, etc. are required to carry out educational activities. It does not matter the status of an educational organization: commercial, budgetary, state - if it has a license to issue the relevant documents, then it is obliged to carry out training based on standards .
2. Direct implementation of training: educational organizations, teaching staff, students, legal representatives.
3. Federal state bodies, authorities of subjects exercising control. The main role belongs to the Federal State Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Education (Rosobrnadzor). In the regions, this function is performed by the ministries of education of the regions. They monitor the implementation of state standards in educational institutions.
4. Organizations providing educational activities. In districts, district education committees are responsible for financing budget schools. They also carry out evaluation activities in the controlled territory of all schools.
5. Associations of individuals or legal entities engaged in educational activities. A prime example serves as a trade union of pedagogical workers.

Goals of Federal State Standards

The Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" assigns a key place to federal state standards. They perform the following tasks:

1. Unity of education. It follows that throughout the country, students receive the same level of education, which means equality of opportunity.
2. Continuity. Despite the dynamic development and reform of the education system, the introduction of new standards and requirements, the key task is to maintain continuity. It is impossible to completely destroy the entire system every year for the sake of momentary political or economic gain.
3. Variability. Despite the unity of education as a whole, the law on education in the Russian Federation excludes the rigid totalitarian framework of unity in obtaining it. Depending on abilities, desires, time, various options achieving certain goals.
4. Warranty. It follows that the state controls the unity of education throughout the country.

You can study at home! Forms of study

It's hard to imagine Soviet people, but the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" provides for training not only in educational institutions. Article 17 lists the acceptable forms of education:

1. In the traditional form - in specialized educational institutions.
2. In an alternative form - outside specialized educational institutions.

The traditional form is divided into:

1. Full-time.
2. Correspondence.
3. Part-time.

Distance learning is gaining popularity these days. In the age of information technology, it has become a reality to visit museums, theaters, rare exhibitions on the other side of the planet without leaving home. Information and communication technologies have also penetrated into education.

The Law "On Education of the Russian Federation" is a new law. However, he does not highlight Remote education into a separate category. The student is at home, prepares according to an individual schedule, listens to lectures remotely, using communication channels. Therefore, distance education belongs to the category of distance learning.

Alternative form

The child does not have to be sent to school today to receive the Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" allows for such a possibility. In addition, the state allocates money for alternative forms of education for each child.

Kinds

Obtaining a certificate outside the school is divided into two types:

1. Family education.
2. Self-education.

Family education involves the transfer of the function of education to the family. It is for this form that the state pays compensation. Of course, schools react very painfully to this. This is understandable: no one wants to be left without a salary. Judicial practice shows that the courts are completely on the side of the parents. The average compensation for a middle and senior student is about 10,000 rubles.

The problem of attracting child labor as cleaners

School duty is a tradition that we inherited from the Soviet past. Many parents still do not see a problem in washing floors by children as part of school duty. However, Article 34 of the Law directly provides for the consent of parents to such involvement of the child in labor. Classes in technology and labor training are obligatory. It is on them that the students on legal grounds, in accordance with federal state programs, are required to involve in labor: sewing, cooking, woodworking. Everything else - only at the request of the parents.

Results

So, the main law that regulates the field of education is the Federal Law "On Education of the Russian Federation". Its articles contain a description of the organization of the educational process, the competencies of local authorities, forms and types of education, the rules for final certification, etc. We analyzed the most interesting points of this Law in the article.

Education is one of the main and most problematic areas government controlled. This is especially true for the preschool sector. The norm regulating such activities in the Russian Federation is the Federal Law “On Education”273 dated 12/29/2012. In recent years, the law on preschool education has undergone many changes, including amendments to the regulation of the preschool system.

General provisions

Article 64 of the Federal Law “On Education” states that preschool education should be aimed at creating conditions for the development of the cultural, physical, intellectual, moral, aesthetic and personal potential of any child, as well as strengthening and maintaining his health. The programs envisaged by law require taking into account the individual and age characteristics of children, the use of methods and forms typical for children of the preschool period.

For this form of education, no intermediate and final methods of monitoring progress and certification are provided. Legal representatives (parents) have the right to exercise for their child the so-called form of family education. Such an organization, subject to all the requirements established by the law on preschool education, has the right to free state support in the form of methodological, psychological, pedagogical, and advisory resources.

Fundamentals of moments in legislation

After the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" was adopted, preschool education became an independent level common system. This fact had a decisive influence on the concept, seriously influenced the organization of preschool education.

Innovations are designed to provide greater accessibility in obtaining the necessary services. Knowledge of the main features of the regulatory document that has entered into force will allow many parents to correctly orient themselves, relying on current law about preschool education.

Changes in the Federal Law affect important issues:

• features of admission of children to kindergartens;
• the procedure for providing educational services;
• privileges;
• the mode of operation of preschool institutions;
• educational programs.

Kindergarten as the first step

Before most parents (even those who have recently had a baby or still have a baby in their arms), sooner or later the question arises about kindergarten. Preschool education, being the first stage of the general educational system, today does not have sufficient resources to provide all the little citizens of the Russian Federation with their place in a preschool institution.

The availability of preschool education for many families remains the main unresolved problem. The adopted federal law on preschool education regulates these issues to a certain extent and is designed to reduce the percentage of children who do not attend kindergarten. Whether it's good or bad - everyone decides for himself.

According to the new law on preschool education, every child, regardless of place of residence or registration in the Russian Federation, has the right to receive free preschool education. Currently, parents can enroll their baby in a nursery starting at 2 months old. The issue with nursery groups from 1.5 years on a paid basis is being resolved. A child must be taken to kindergarten when they reach the age of three. No educational institution has the right to refuse parents (legal representatives) in acceptance, subject to availability.

Amendments

The amendments to the federal law on preschool education (changes made in 2017) involve the regulation of a number of points in the system of preschool education:

1. Gradual decrease (by more than 1.5 times) in the number of permanent stay groups in the children's institution.
2. Giving the child the right to receive free education if the parents have chosen a group that operates only on an educational basis.
3. The emergence of specialized counseling centers, where parents and children receive psychological, pedagogical and advisory support.
4. Preschool institutions are given the right (not the obligation) to care for and look after the child within the walls of the institution, as well as to implement an educational function.
5. It is envisaged that compensation payments for payment.
6. In the absence of places, the preschool institution retains the right to refuse to accept a child from one and a half to three years of age and older.
7. Legal representatives (parents) of a minor acquire the right to send an application for a place in another kindergarten, where there are opportunities for this.

Rules for registering a child in a preschool institution

First of all, it is necessary to send an application at the place of residence to a special department for the acquisition of preschool institutions. This form indicates the most suitable educational institution for the child. After that, representatives of the commission make an application to the database, and the minor is registered in the queue for a place in the specified garden. It should be borne in mind that the official administrative portal often indicates specific deadlines and the form for submitting an application.

Opportunities for electronic application to kindergarten

For the convenience of citizens when working with government agencies, there is a so-called electronic queue. This type of service can be used by the legal representative of the child. The deadlines for submission are also strictly specified on the portal.

To complete an electronic application, you must have all required documents in in electronic format. The rules and features of online registration are posted on the official pages of the Department of Education in special sections. Also here you can not only register, but also check your turn.

Conditions for preferential education in a preschool institution

Changes in the latest version of the law on preschool education relate to the provision of places in preschool institutions without a queue for certain categories of people.

• orphans, children left without parental care, foster children, adopted children;
• minors whose parents are victims of the liquidation of the Chernobyl accident;
• children with orphans (or left without care), whose age ranges from 18-23 years;
• children of representatives of the prosecutor's office, the investigative committee, law enforcement agencies;
• minors with disabled parents, single mothers, from large families;
• children of specialists working in preschool institutions, as well as those who have a brother or sister studying in this institution;
• minors whose parents are in the service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

What to do if there is no space in the garden

The latest version of the Law on Preschool Education of the Russian Federation contains amendments that give parents the right to write an additional application for transferring a child to another institution.

In the event that parents are denied admission without existing regulatory grounds specified in the Federal Law, they have the right to file a complaint with the city administration. The received appeal must be considered without fail, and a decision must be made within the time limits established by law.

In the event of a refusal to accept an application or decision not in favor of the child, parents have the right to go to the prosecutor's office or other higher authorities in order to resolve such a situation.

State compensation for paying for a preschool institution

According to the amendments to Art. 65, in paragraph 5, preschool education is divided into:

• education implemented within the framework of the Federal State Educational Standard, provided free of charge;
• babysitting services that parents must pay for.

By law, parents have the right to receive financial support from the state or compensation for paying for these services when registering a child in a kindergarten. The amount of payments is regulated legislative acts and decision of the Government of the Russian Federation.

For the first child, compensation cannot exceed 20%, 50% for the second, 70% for the third and subsequent. The fixed fee is regulated depending on market conditions for a particular period.

Persons entitled to receive state support are strictly defined by the current legislation. These include:

• parents of a minor (mother, father);
• relatives in whose name the power of attorney is issued by the parents;
• legal representatives of the child;
• specialists of guardianship and guardianship bodies assigned to pupils.

Exemption of parents from payment

On the basis of amendments to Article 65, paragraph 3 of the law on preschool education of the Russian Federation regulates benefits either complete release from contributions for pre-school education for a certain category of pupils. Which ones, will be discussed in the example below.

Thus, according to the laws of the Russian Federation on preschool education, fees in state institutions that implement preschool educational standards should not be charged for the supervision and care of pupils.

This measure applies to parents of disabled children, children with tuberculosis intoxication, minors left without parental care, and orphans.

This decision is aimed at ensuring the rights and implementation of support for vulnerable and socially unprotected segments of the population, the solution of whose problems is given special place at the state level.

Opportunities for the development of commercial gardens

Changes in the law on preschool education have a direct impact on the formation of a system of private educational practice. These opportunities are guaranteed in the law by removing certain restrictive measures that regulate the right to provide services in the field of education.

An increase in the number of non-state institutions that are not under state care will, to some extent, reduce the queue for state institutions.

Ensuring the quality provision of educational services in accordance with the requirements and norms of the law on the education of preschool institutions, both from municipal institutions and from private kindergartens, will ensure that the needs of preschool children are met.

The implementation of the tasks set will allow many parents to be involved in social processes in society in a timely manner, to return to their previous place of work or to acquire new knowledge, to retrain for a more demanded specialty.

Amendments relating to financial security

From January 1, 2014, financial issues related to the costs of basic preschool educational programs were transferred to the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (as a system of school education).

Based on Art. 65, paragraph 4 of the Federal Law, for municipal state institutions there are a number of rules regarding financial security:

• It is prohibited to include in the parental contribution the expenses for the main educational program or for the maintenance and property needs of the institution.
• Payment for the provision of services aimed at looking after and caring for children should not exceed the maximum amount established in the framework of the regulatory acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and depends on the quality and characteristics of the service provided.

Commercial kindergartens that carry out basic preschool educational programs according to the Federal State Educational Standard are entitled to receive funding for their activities from the budget in the form of subsidies.

New version of the law

During the period from 2012 to 2018, the main educational document has undergone many transformations and, under the influence of critics, has been reformed more than once. These circumstances indicate how acute the problems of education are facing the state, including in the preschool sphere.

The latest version of the law on preschool education dated August 14, 2018, as succinctly and clearly formulates the solution of many previously uncovered issues. At the same time, guarantees are provided by the state to effectively change the education system as a whole.

In the updated version of the Federal Law "On Education" dated 01.01.2019, which has not yet entered into force, there are no changes regarding the basic laws of preschool education.

Chapter 7. General Education

Chapter 8. Vocational Education

Chapter 11. Features of the implementation of certain types of educational programs and education by certain categories of students

Chapter 14. International cooperation in the field of education

new basic law on education in Russia

Federal Law No. 273-FZ of December 29, 2012 "On Education in the Russian Federation"

The law was developed in order to improve the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of education and is a fundamental regulatory legal act in the field of education.

The law determines the levels of general education (preschool education, primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education) and the levels of vocational education (secondary vocational education, higher education - bachelor's degree; higher education - specialist, master's degree; higher education - training of highly qualified personnel) . Another level of higher education is being introduced - the training of highly qualified personnel, which includes training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel, residency programs, and assistant-internship programs.

Along with the main educational programs in the field of education, there are also additional educational programs of various directions and degrees of complexity, formed taking into account the age characteristics, interests, abilities, level of education and professional qualifications of students.

The law expands the circle of entities entitled to conduct educational activities, including the legal possibilities for access of "non-educational" organizations to educational activities. In addition, the law has a separate article dedicated to the regulation of the legal status of individual entrepreneurs engaged in educational activities.

The law now also regulates the provision of scholarships to students of educational institutions of vocational education.

The law has separate provisions on:

Credit-modular system of organization of the educational process and the system of credits;

Network interaction in the implementation of educational programs, including the mechanism for offsetting the results of mastering certain parts of the educational program in third-party organizations;

The use of distance learning technologies in the educational process;

Training in integrated educational programs;

Educational and information resources in the educational process and others.

The conditions for conducting experimental and innovative activities in the field of education are regulated. In addition, models of economic activity in the field of education have been updated.

From the date of entry into force of this law, the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" and the Federal Law "On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education" are recognized as invalid.

The Russian Federation

THE FEDERAL LAW

ABOUT EDUCATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

State Duma

Federation Council

Chapter 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Subject of regulation of this Federal Law

1. The subject of regulation of this Federal Law are public relations arising in the field of education in connection with the realization of the right to education, the provision of state guarantees of human rights and freedoms in the field of education and the creation of conditions for the realization of the right to education (hereinafter - relations in the field of education).

2. This Federal Law establishes the legal, organizational and economic foundations of education in the Russian Federation, the basic principles of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of education, the general rules for the functioning of the education system and the implementation of educational activities, determines the legal status of participants in relations in the field of education.

Article 64. Preschool education
The commented article is not new for the domestic educational legislation, since the relevant norms were contained in Art. 18 of Law N 3266-1. Meanwhile, within the framework of the commented article, these provisions have been largely updated and supplemented with new norms.
The article is devoted to the legal regulation of preschool education. Basics legal regulation preschool education in the Russian Federation are laid down by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which in Art. 43 guarantees the free and accessibility of preschool education in state and municipal institutions thus imposing on the state the obligation to ensure the realization of this right. However, the constitutional norms do not specify the content of this right and do not define the details of the legal regulation of this sphere of educational relations. More detailed regulation is carried out at the level of the commented Federal Law and by-laws. Thus, the strategic aspects of the development of the sphere of preschool education are laid down by the Concept of the long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020, approved by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 17, 2008 N 1662-r * (83). Among the priorities of the Concept, there is an increase in the flexibility and diversity of the forms of provision of services in the preschool education system, which is designed to provide support and better use of the educational potential of families. We also note that Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 2012 N 599 “On measures to implement state policy in the field of education and science” * (84) set the task of achieving by 2016 one hundred percent accessibility of preschool education for children aged three up to seven years old.
Part 1 of the commented article defines the concept of preschool education. The Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" did not contain a clear definition of this concept, however, it established that preschool institutions are created and function to help the family in order to raise children of preschool age, protect and strengthen their physical and mental health, develop individual abilities and necessary correction of developmental disorders children. The commented Federal Law specifies the goals of preschool education, naming among them: the formation of a common culture; development of physical, intellectual, moral, aesthetic and personal qualities; formation of prerequisites for educational activities; preservation and strengthening of the health of preschool children.
Thus, the emphasis is on the general developmental goal of preschool education. Preschool age is the age of accelerated physical and mental development of the child, the formation in him of general skills and abilities that predetermine his further physical, intellectual, mental development and are the basis for the subsequent formation of individual developmental characteristics. Important are the protection and strengthening of the health of preschool children.
A fairly massive regulatory layer in the field of preschool education is the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Thus, in the Kaliningrad region, the Law of November 10, 2009 N 388 “On state support for preschool education in the Kaliningrad region” was adopted. This Law, providing for mechanisms of state support for preschool educational organizations, is aimed at developing municipal-private partnerships in the field of preschool education and regulates the forms of such partnership, as well as measures for its financial incentives.
The subjects of the Russian Federation are implementing a large number of a variety of regional and municipal short-term and long-term targeted programs aimed at developing a network of preschool educational institutions * (85). When developing and implementing such programs, the goals are to increase the level of accessibility of preschool education and improve its material and technical component. Programs define subjects and objects of programs, volumes and sources of financing of activities within the framework of programs. Activities may include: reconstruction and construction of buildings of preschool educational organizations; return of previously converted buildings of preschool institutions; creation of additional places in preschool educational institutions and groups of preschool children in general educational institutions, etc.
In St. Petersburg operates special program construction and reconstruction of kindergartens * (86). In some constituent entities of the Russian Federation, programs are being implemented that provide for special measures aimed at increasing the number of places in preschool educational institutions * (87). IN Saratov region measures are being taken to return to the existing network of preschool educational institutions the objects in which regional institutions are located * (88). It seems that the existence of regional and municipal programs aimed at developing a network of preschool institutions and provided with appropriate funding, subject to their high-quality implementation, can contribute to the speedy solution of the problem of shortage of places in preschool educational organizations and the full realization of the right of citizens to preschool education.
In some constituent entities of the Russian Federation there are policy papers, which determine the main trends in the development of preschool education in the respective territory. Thus, in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Concept for the Development of Preschool Education in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for 2011-2016 * (89) was approved, which contains an analysis of the current state of preschool education in the Republic and determines the targets and forecast component for the further development of the studied area. It should be noted that the Concept not only sets out the tasks of increasing the number of places in preschool institutions in accordance with demographic needs, but also sets meaningful target parameters for the development of this area public relations(for example, expansion of innovative organizational and pedagogical forms of preschool education; focus on the development of inclusive education, etc.).
Part 2 of the commented article defines the general direction of educational programs for preschool education. The content of education in a preschool educational organization is determined by the educational program of preschool education, which, according to Art. 12 of the commented law is developed, approved and implemented by an educational organization in accordance with the federal state educational standard and taking into account exemplary educational programs for preschool education.
By general norms enshrined in Art. 11 of the commented law, federal state educational standards are a set of mandatory requirements for a particular level of education, including among them the requirements: a) to the structure of the program; b) the conditions for the implementation of the program; c) to the results of mastering the program. The content of education is directly determined by educational programs; for the level of preschool education - educational programs of preschool education. The state develops exemplary educational programs, which are educational and methodological documentation that determines the recommended volume and content of education at a particular level, the planned results of the development of the program, approximate conditions for educational activities, etc.
According to the commented article, the educational programs of preschool education are aimed at the versatile development of preschoolers, taking into account their age and individual characteristics, including their achievement of a level of development necessary and sufficient for the successful development of educational programs of primary general education. At the same time, the educational programs of preschool education are built on the basis of an individual approach to preschool children and activities specific to preschool children. The development of educational programs of preschool education is not accompanied by intermediate certification and final certification of students.
Currently, the federal state educational standard for preschool education is being developed. In addition, the issue of the procedure for developing exemplary basic general educational programs, conducting their examination and maintaining their register is under study. Obviously, before the introduction of the federal state educational standard and the formation of a register of exemplary basic general education programs, the implementation of educational programs for preschool education should be guided by the Federal State Requirements for the conditions for the implementation of the main general education program for preschool education (approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated July 20, 2011 No. N 2151), as well as the Federal state requirements for the structure of the main general educational program of preschool education (approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of November 23, 2009 N 655). It should be borne in mind that the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation has developed Methodological recommendations on the development of the main general educational program for preschool education (letter of October 21, 2010 N 03-248), an exemplary basic general educational program for preschool education "Success" (letter from the Ministry of Education and Science RF dated July 22, 2010 N 03-13).
Thus, the commented Federal Law provides for a standardized approach to teaching in preschool educational institutions, which, given the independence of developing an educational program for preschool education, makes it possible to adapt learning to the individual characteristics and needs of pupils, and also mediates the pedagogical autonomy of educational organizations.
Part 3 of the commented article enshrines the right of parents of minors receiving preschool education in the form of family education to receive methodological, psychological, pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance free of charge. Such assistance, according to the Law, can be provided, including in counseling centers operating at preschool and general educational organizations, but the creation of special counseling centers is not excluded. Ensuring the provision of these types of assistance The federal law imposes on the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
This is a new authority of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of preschool education, provided for by the commented Federal Law. The introduction of this authority will require its consolidation in the relevant regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In addition, in order to avoid the declarative nature of these norms, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation must provide financial security exercise of this authority. We also note that the full functioning of counseling centers in preschool educational organizations and general educational organizations needs to be regulated in the regulations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation legal status such centers and mechanisms of their interaction with parents.
In some constituent entities of the Russian Federation, at the municipal level, there is a practice of regulating the issue of organizing free methodological, diagnostic and advisory assistance to parents who ensure that children receive preschool education in the form of family education. This is due to the fact that the former legislation on education provided for the authority of local governments to organize and coordinate such assistance to families raising children of preschool age at home. So, in the Astrakhan region, the administration of the municipal formation "Limansky district" by resolution of 22.03.2011 N 324 approved the Regulations on the organization of methodological, diagnostic, advisory assistance to families raising children at home. The Regulation provides that the organization of such assistance is carried out on the basis of a preschool institution by integrating the activities of specialists of such a preschool institution (educator, psychologist, speech therapist, social pedagogue and other specialists) who conduct group and individual classes with parents raising children at home (lectures, consultations , seminars for parents, etc.).
The practice of establishing counseling centers for parents with preschool children is common in many European countries. For example, in Finland there are free kindergartens with free attendance, which are located in the municipal department. In such kindergartens, parents take care of their children themselves and can receive advice on care and education. In Denmark, article 11 of the Consolidated Law on social services(Consolidation Act On Social Services, 2007) obliges local administrations to create conditions for citizens to receive preschool education services, including organizing free counseling centers where families and parents can receive qualified assistance in solving any problems related to the upbringing and care of children, including on an anonymous basis.