Instruction
To get started, find a foundation in your region or city that supports small entrepreneurship. They grant grants no registration business, obtaining the necessary licenses and certificates, renting premises, purchasing raw materials and starting production. As a rule, entrepreneurs who are engaged in financial activities, real estate transactions, rental of cars and equipment, production and sale of alcohol and tobacco, as well as gambling are not allowed to participate in such programs.
Next, draw up a detailed business plan for the development of your small business. Attach to it the documents required to participate in the competition. All submitted projects are subject to independent review. The criteria by which they are evaluated are economic feasibility, scientific and technical novelty, and the prospect of market sales of products.
To participate in the program, complete the training. Usually these are courses that are created by the foundation and are held in the form of seminars. A prerequisite for participation in such programs is the absence of debt to the budget of all levels, including tax liabilities. The size of the grant can be different, as a rule, they do not exceed 300 thousand rubles and cannot exceed 70% of the amount required, according to the business plan, for development business.
Please note that the grand may not be issued in its entirety, but, that is, in parts. First, you will receive a certain amount for the first stage of your project. Only after a detailed report on its use can one count on the next tranche. And remember that most often the money is allocated to development small business in agriculture, the service sector and the creation of consumer goods. The main thing is that you need to carefully work out the potential sales market, and even better, a decent client base has already been formed.
Everyone at least once thought that if he had a material opportunity, he could open his own business. The state is trying to create seemingly favorable conditions for the growth of small and medium-sized businesses, this is not only all possible benefits and grants, but also competitions for interesting and profitable business plans among those wishing to start a business. However, many points should be taken into account in order to receive free funds from the state for the development of business, both existing and emerging. Let's see how you can get a grant to start your own business.
Instruction
First you need to get the status of unemployed. Register at the labor exchange and declare your desire to own your own business. Under the self-employment program for the unemployed, the Ministry of Health and Social Development allocates from 58,000 to 232,000 as assistance to citizens in implementing the plan and reducing the number of unemployed.
Complete the required questionnaires and take a test to determine the extent of your leadership and entrepreneurial skills and characteristics.
Reflect most accurately the items of income and expenses at the start, as well as indicate the stages of growth and development of the business with reference to specific dates and actions of you as a future leader.
Individual Entrepreneur Assistance Program- provision of state subsidies in the form of state financing. This is a designated amount of money, which is issued one-time in the form of an encouragement to novice businessmen for targeted spending. It can be spent on the purchase of the necessary equipment, premises, purchase of raw materials and other goods and services provided for by the business plan. Financial assistance for starting / developing a business is a measure that is used by the state in the fight against unemployment. In addition, a successful business is additional contributions to the state budget in the form of tax payments.
Features of calculating subsidies for individual entrepreneurs
A legal entity has the right to issue subsidies for individual entrepreneurs on an irrevocable basis. The amount received will not have to be returned if the funds are spent in strict accordance with the goals of the business plan. This is state assistance, which is issued in order to cover the financial costs and lost profits of a businessman during the production and sale of goods, the provision of services. Information on the accrual and payment procedure, restrictions and reasons for refusals, the purposes of receipt can be found in Art. 78 of the Budget Code. Also, these issues are regulated by legislative act No. 209-FZ (07/24/2007).
Purpose of the subsidy
Subsidies for start-up entrepreneurs can be issued for:
- payment of rent payments;
- purchase of premises;
- registration of a patent and purchase of other intangible assets;
- organization and modernization of jobs;
- carrying out repairs;
- purchase of raw materials and consumables, about 20% of the expected amount is provided for these costs;
- pay for employee training programs;
- renewal of fixed assets, purchased equipment cannot be sold within a specified time period, from 1 to 3 years the property must be on the balance sheet of the enterprise;
- repayment of a bank loan;
- opening a new business in accordance with the approved business plan.
All relevant expenses must be supported by reports and documents of expenses. The beneficiary must agree to the relevant checks organized by the budget manager. Within this framework, an analysis of compliance with the conditions, goals, and the procedure for spending the funds received by the entrepreneur is carried out.
Important! Subsidizing activities related to the production, distribution, sale of tobacco / alcohol products, rental of real estate and equipment rental is not provided by the Russian state.
Types of assistance to individual entrepreneurs
The following types of assistance are provided for the development of small / medium-sized businesses:
- Support for an existing business. Amount within 25,000 rubles.
- Opening a new business, with the possibility of regulating the amount of material payment, up to 60,000 rubles.
- Opening a business for a disabled person, unemployed and one raising a child. This is an amount within 300,000 rubles.
Conditions for obtaining financial assistance to open a business
A subsidy for the implementation of a business idea is issued on a one-time basis. It is issued to the category of persons who are not employed by the Employment Center. The applicant has the following requirements:
- unemployed status;
- the presence in the work book of the status "fired";
- lack of IP status;
- You can not be the founder and co-founder of the enterprise.
Registration procedure, step by step instructions:
- Applying for unemployment benefits.
- Getting advice from a specialist of the Employment Center. Clarification of conditions.
- A statement confirming the desire to open your own business.
- Passing testing.
- Development and writing of a business plan. There are several options here. You can order a finished project from a specialist or independently study the issue in order to write a professional business plan.
- Submission of documents for grants.
- Verification of the documents submitted by the applicant and analysis of the situation by specialists of the Employment Center. The decision to pay or refuse is made by the director of the organization in accordance with the decision of the commission.
- Conclusion of an agreement on financing small businesses, in case of a positive decision.
- Registration of IP / LLC.
- Submission to the office of the Employment Center of documents confirming the registration of entrepreneurship.
The documents. Subsidies to future entrepreneurs can be issued after the applicant submits a package of documents and fills in and signs the application forms. In addition to an identity document, you need a certificate from the previous place of work. TIN, work book, education certificate will also be required. An application for registration plus an application for opening an individual entrepreneur will be offered to the applicant to write on the spot.
After the citizen who applied for the subsidy receives the status of unemployed, the employees of the Employment Center will offer him to draw up a savings book. They will also schedule the next meeting and tell the plan of expected activities. Next, the applicant must propose and defend a business plan. He must submit the project in electronic and printed form. The document should outline all aspects of future business activities.
The business plan should clearly show the following points:
- purpose of the subsidy;
- profitability of the project, the head of expenses and payback must be provided;
- planned jobs;
- the possibility of attracting the applicant's own funds in the development of the case.
On the appointed date, the commission meets on the issue of granting a subsidy to a particular candidate. The decision on the advisability of paying financial support is made within 60 days. In case of a positive decision, the applicant will be required to sign an agreement on the targeted spending of finances. After the approval of the application by the management of the organization, the citizen can begin to issue an IP. After copies of tax documents are provided to the Employment Center, they will make the appropriate accruals to the savings book. The contract can be closed only after the entrepreneur provides reports and confirmation of the targeted spending of money for review.
Important! The subsidy is issued if the employees of the Employment Center confirm the fact that the applicant cannot be employed. The analysis is made taking into account professional skills and education level.
It should be noted that subsidies for small and medium-sized businesses are due if:
- the period of registration of IP is not more than one year;
- the need to spend money during the year;
- the need to spend funds exclusively for the implementation of the goals provided for by the business plan.
Important! If during the audit it turns out that the payments were spent by the entrepreneur for needs not provided for by the business plan, he may be required to return the amount paid to him earlier.
After a year after the accruals, the IP is obliged to provide reports on the spending of funds received under the program. If he cannot confirm the appropriateness of using any amount, he will be forced to return it. In order to avoid negative consequences, it is necessary to properly plan the implementation of the agreed goals, monitor reporting and collect documents confirming expenses.
The list of documents that need to be prepared to receive a subsidy
A complete set of documents is one of the first grounds for issuing a subsidy. Only on this basis, a citizen who applied for financial assistance can be included in the list of applicants. You can get state support only on a competitive basis. So, to the individual entrepreneur who applied, he provides:
- a statement of the appropriate form;
- business plan;
- extract from USRIP;
- feasibility study, abbreviated feasibility study - a document that can be used instead of a business plan;
- estimate of future costs;
- a questionnaire containing information about the type of business;
- passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation;
- bank certificate confirming the existence of an entrepreneur's account;
- certificates from the tax authority, other off-budget funds confirming the absence of debt.
No instability in the economy will stop a real entrepreneur from starting a business. However, the lack of funds always becomes an obstacle, and sometimes it seems insurmountable. But there are no problems that cannot be solved. You can try to get a government subsidy to start your own business. At the level of legislation, it is possible to receive a subsidy for opening and supporting small businesses. There is a certain list of assistance that can be obtained from the state:
- subsidies for the unemployed to start their own business;
- assistance for the development of their own business, provided for beginner businessmen;
- the state can act as a guarantor in a loan or leasing agreement;
- partial compensation of interest on loans;
- partial repayment of debt under a leasing agreement;
- facilitating the issuance of soft loans;
- reimbursement of expenses that were directed to participation in fairs or exhibitions;
- preferential taxation.
Subsidies for the unemployed
For persons who have lost their jobs, there is an opportunity to receive a subsidy to start their own business. To date, you can get about 59 thousand rubles. This type of subsidy is provided free of charge. To receive assistance, it is necessary that a person be registered at the employment center as unemployed and. Some regional employment center offices offer preliminary short training in the basics of entrepreneurship.
Most often, they help projects that have a social orientation, or involve the creation of new jobs. You cannot receive a subsidy if the business involves the circulation of alcohol, network marketing or the opening of a pawnshop. For each hired employee, you can get an additional 59 thousand rubles.
The only negative is that if the business lasts less than 1 year, then the state money will have to be returned.
Read also: The concept and essence of marketing in simple words, how to apply to your business
Help for new businessmen
The amount of subsidies in this case is more impressive, about 300 thousand rubles. But in order to at least be eligible to apply for help, it is necessary that the business has already existed for at least 1 year.
You will have to draw up and protect your business project. Conditions for participation of the state in the project 50X50 or 50X70. You can spend money on the purchase of equipment, the purchase of raw materials, or even to pay rent. The main condition is that the enterprise should not have debts on social payments and taxes. Mostly money is issued for socially significant projects, that is, for business in the field of healthcare, consumer services.
Guarantee in contracts
In almost every region there are guarantee funds that have the right to guarantee to banks for a particular entrepreneur. Such assistance is provided on a fee basis, you will have to pay about 1.5% of the transaction amount for which a guarantee is required. The entrepreneur and the guarantee fund must be located in the same region.
Partial repayment of interest
Such assistance can be provided to almost any type of entrepreneurial activity. The amount of compensation largely depends on the refinancing rate that is in effect at the time of assistance, the size of the loan agreement.
Partial reimbursement of expenses under a leasing agreement
Such a program is provided for the most part for those entrepreneurs who have entered into leasing agreements for the purchase of vehicles and production equipment. The amount of partial repayment depends largely on the region. For example, in Moscow you can count on a subsidy of 5 million rubles.
Soft loans
To become a participant in concessional lending, you must contact the business support fund at the location of the entrepreneur. The amount of assistance can be a minimum of 10 thousand rubles, and maybe a maximum of 1 million rubles. The average loan term is 2 years.
Starting a business involves a significant financial investment. If it is difficult for an entrepreneur to accumulate the required amount of funds, he can resort to the help of the state or private individuals. There are special programs to stimulate business development. To participate in them, you must meet a number of conditions.
Who can receive grants
To whom are grants given? It depends on the specific program. However, in most cases it is the following list of persons:
- The entrepreneur is unemployed, he is registered with the employment center.
- Entrepreneurs who already have a business, but want to expand it.
Funds provided under the program must be spent on the basis of a previously prepared business plan.
Foreign grants are usually given to those individuals who have previously successfully participated in programs. State programs, as a rule, are intended for beginner entrepreneurs. Preference is given to these categories of persons:
- University graduates.
- Professionals who have been made redundant.
- Employees subject to layoffs.
- Single mothers.
- Persons with disabilities.
That is, grants are provided to the most vulnerable citizens. However, other citizens may also be eligible for the program:
- Individuals who already have a business that has been operating for at least a year.
- Persons who are developers of innovative technology.
- People who have signed a leasing agreement for the purchase of equipment.
- Entrepreneurs participating in exhibitions and fairs.
If an entrepreneur expects to receive a grant, when starting a business, he can focus on exactly which areas usually receive funding. 30% of the grants are for service businesses. The state usually finances projects in the following areas:
- Agriculture.
- Education and science.
- Production.
- Subjects, the introduction of which creates new jobs.
Foreign funds prefer these areas:
- Ecology.
- Culture.
- Economy.
FOR YOUR INFORMATION! The more the entrepreneur's business fits the preferences of the fund, the more likely it is to receive a grant. Experts believe that educational courses, marketing agencies, auto repair shops and other service providers have the greatest chances for funding.
The procedure for obtaining a grant
What do you need to do to get a grant? You need to go through three steps:
- Studying the requirements of a particular fund.
- Submission of an application.
- Preparation of documents.
Let's consider all these stages in more detail.
Requirements for applicants
Consider the requirements that are usually placed on applicants:
- Submission of a correctly completed application.
- Business project protection.
- Implementation of the project in accordance with previously developed documentation.
- Providing a report on the spent funds.
The grant holder should pay special attention to business project development and reporting. The first will allow you to receive funding, the second - to correctly account for the money provided.
Deadline for consideration of applications
The timing of consideration of applications depends on which grant the entrepreneur is applying for. They can vary from a month to a year. You can find out about current grants and terms at the Center for Enterprise Development or at the Ministry of Economic Development.
Documenting
To receive a grant, you need to prepare documents such as:
- Application.
- Entrepreneur's questionnaire and a copy of the passport.
- Evidence that the person knows the basics of entrepreneurial activity (for example, certificate of completion of courses, diploma of higher education).
- IP registration certificate.
- A document confirming the payment of taxes.
- A paper stating that a person creates jobs.
- A business plan, each item of which is rational and justified.
This is a general list of documents. The Fund may require additional paperwork.
When applying to the fund, you should consider these recommendations:
- Sometimes an entrepreneur is denied funding due to the fact that too little amount is indicated in the application. Therefore, it is recommended to overestimate it. When determining the required amount, you need to take into account the size of the commission.
- It should be borne in mind that financing is usually carried out in installments. We need to think about how this or that part of the funds will be spent.
- Even if the entrepreneur wins the competition, it must be taken into account that the funds will actually be issued only after 2-12 months.
In order to increase the chances of financing, the potential requirements of investors must be taken into account.
How the committee decides on funding
A special commission is formed to consider applications. Its representatives check the submitted documents and the business plan. To be approved, a plan must meet these characteristics:
- Required financial indicators and their rational justification.
- A description that the investment will actually work.
- Presentation of information in such a way that the commission understands the prospects for business development, its profitability.
- Indication of directions of financing.
- An indication that the entrepreneur is going to create jobs. The more jobs it creates, the more likely it is to receive subsidies. This is due to the fact that the state is fighting unemployment, and therefore provides funds primarily to those entities that will allow the unemployed to find jobs.
Receiving a grant does not mean that the business will be opened solely on the funds provided. An entrepreneur must also have his own capital. It is desirable that it be approximately 2 times the amount of the subsidy.
When an entrepreneur is denied funding
Full compliance with all conditions is not a guarantee of receiving a subsidy. The commission may refuse for these reasons:
- The entrepreneur has already worked in this field of activity, but his experience was negative.
- The person has been seen in the past for misappropriation of grant funds.
- An entrepreneur opens a business in an area that is not subject to government funding.
Some areas of business activity are not financed. This is due to the fact that they are not considered socially significant, do not stimulate the economic condition of the region. For example, these are the following entities:
- Credit organizations, investment funds, pawnshops.
- Organizations dealing with currency.
- Lottery and betting firms.
- A company that manufactures goods subject to excise taxes.
It makes no sense to require subsidies for such enterprises.
Where can I get a grant in 2018
State subsidies are provided by these entities:
- Small Business Development Committee.
- Economic Development Committee.
- Municipalities.
- industry committees.
- Department of Entrepreneurship.
- Foundation for the Promotion of Small Businesses in the Scientific and Technical Sphere.
An entrepreneur can also apply to private funds. For example, young startups are funded by Pavel Durov, Yuri Milner. The funds are allocated by the Skolkovo Foundation. It provides from 5 to 150,000,000 rubles for scientific developments in the field of space technology and biomedicine. IT startups are funded by Bill Gates. However, to receive foreign funds, you need to meet rather stringent requirements.
Entrepreneurial activity is a rather complicated and labor-intensive way of making money. A person who is in business has to solve problems of various kinds. They may be related to technical, domestic, social and financial issues.
It is a well-known fact that private business requires investments, especially at the stage of formation. One of the tasks of a person who is engaged in entrepreneurial activity is Finding and raising finance for your business.
Potential recipient
People who are currently unemployed can count on receiving a grant. Moreover, this status must be officially confirmed, that is, a person must be registered with the employment center.
What is the difference between a grant and a subsidy?
A grant differs from a subsidy in that they have different sizes and are issued by different structures. Usually, the subsidy goes to the entrepreneur entirely, and the grant - in several stages or, in another way, tranches. If the funding comes from a foundation, then the entrepreneur will need to submit reports on the purposes for which the money was spent.
The organization that finances the entrepreneur can itself purchase the necessary goods. A grant can be issued several times if the company that received it has proven itself well and has positive development indicators. In the case when the use of funds did not bring any result, then, most likely, the next financing will be denied.
Grants may be provided by the state or private organizations. The direction of financing of public and private funds differs.
Government funding
The state aims at social support of the population, so grants are received by:
- Unemployed citizens whose status is confirmed at the labor exchange.
- Youth who graduated from a higher educational institution.
- People who have .
- Military personnel with retired status.
There are certain areas that are developing in a particular region. For example, agriculture is developing in one region, while business related to the support of new technologies will be a priority in another. It will be easier for those organizations whose activities are related to the priority areas of the region to receive a grant.
Another factor that influences the choice is long-term project. The state is interested in the company to develop and pay taxes. Therefore, in order to receive a grant, it is necessary to prepare a calculation that will show that this project will be successful and in a couple of years will return the funds invested in it with taxes.
Also, a positive moment for obtaining a grant in 2018 will be the provision of jobs to the unemployed segments of the population. Welcome, if their number will be at least five.
gratuitous help
Assistance provided free of charge private foundations. They can be domestic or foreign. The scope of their funding extends to companies and organizations whose activities are related to culture, economy and ecology. Also attracted the attention of such funds are projects related to scientific research and the development of any innovations.
As a rule, these funds give preference to already proven organizations that have experience in the effective use of funds.
Before submitting an application for a grant to a private foundation, it is recommended to prepare, namely, to clarify which companies have already been funded, whether these entrepreneurs received grants before, and if so, in what quantity.
If possible, organize a meeting with the winners of the grants. Ask them about the features of the project, what to focus on, in what form to make a presentation and other points that can positively affect the receipt of funds.
There are general requirements for grants, but private foundations can set their own conditions. For example, when granting a grant for a project related to agriculture, there may be restrictions on the area of land use.
From banks
In addition to funds, grants are issued by banks, they determine the conditions for obtaining and the amount. As a rule, banks compensate part of the money spent from the implementation of a project for the customer. Also, the bank may stipulate which regions can participate in the competition, the number of employees of the company, income and other requirements.
As a rule, if an entrepreneur meets the requirements of the bank, then he leaves an application, and if it is approved, he performs actions aimed at implementing the customer's project. Next, you need to provide reporting on the funds spent and receive compensation for the completed project.
Exceptions and Deadlines
State grants are received by novice specialists or socially unprotected sections of society. Private funds focus on science and new technologies. However, there are exceptions.
The deadlines for applying for grants vary, as everything depends on the fund and the nomination. As a rule, the terms are indicated along with a list of necessary conditions for obtaining a grant. There are times when they can be extended.
The main time limiter for 2018 falls on end of July. But there are also grants to apply for. until February or Martha.
There are certain deadlines for consideration of applications, they are two months. But there are cases when the application can be considered for about a year.
Possible compensation
Entrepreneurs should be aware that the funds allocated by the fund must be spent for their intended purpose. It will not be possible to purchase items that can be used for personal purposes, such as a car or interior items.
The money can be spent on the purchase of equipment that will be used in production. The purchase of raw materials or materials is also welcome. You can include long-term rental property. Compensation of the wages of people who work in this company is not paid by state grants, and foreign investment funds consider these expenses acceptable.
If an entrepreneur is ready to participate in co-financing his project, then this will be a plus for making a positive decision on issuing a grant in his direction. The more an entrepreneur is willing to contribute to a project, the higher his chance of getting a grant. The amount of co-financing of the project varies from 15 to 50%.
Conditions for obtaining
In addition to the standard requirements that a grant applicant must meet, foundations may nominate additional terms. Mandatory conditions include the following criteria:
- Passing by the candidate of courses of bases of enterprise activity.
- Providing jobs to people who are not engaged in labor activity. This condition may be mandatory when receiving a state grant.
- Documentary evidence of the absence of any financial assistance previously received.
- A certain annual turnover of the company.
- Provide reporting on the absence of any debts to the tax authorities.
- Requirements related to age, education and work experience in a particular field must be met.
- The business must be registered in a certain region. As mentioned above, there are differences between regions in the allocation of funds in one area or another.
In addition to industrial and business projects, funds can be allocated for the implementation of political projects aimed at improving the quality of life of the population.
- Educational projects aimed at working with schoolchildren and students.
- Cultural and educational activities.
- Rehabilitation of drug addicts and alcoholics in society after treatment.
- Activities related to the employment of the non-working population.
- Help people who have suffered from any natural disasters and hostilities.
Required documents for applying
There is a basic list of documents that are needed to apply for a grant. Each fund can also put forward additional requirements.
- Business project.
- Passport of the entrepreneur who will appear as the applicant.
- Completed application for participation.
- A special letter, which should reflect the strengths of the project, namely, its uniqueness, relevance and necessity.
The application must contain information about the existing problem of the company, a description of how to solve it. The financial part should also be spelled out, namely, where it is planned to spend the money, possible risks and ways to resolve them are described. The fund determines the application form.
Sample business plan
Exists standard business plan template suitable for a grant.
Errors in the preparation of the application
Exists a few mistakes, because of which the entrepreneur may not receive a grant.
- If you specify the maximum possible amount of funding for the project.
- There are few jobs that the entrepreneur plans to provide.
- Do not indicate that the company needs a car.
- It is imperative to prescribe in the business project the exact expenditure of funds.
- You must provide information about the suppliers and partners of the company.
- The business project must be voluminous.
- You should indicate how much taxes will be paid.
- The project must contain information about the competitiveness of the product or service.
- It is mandatory to provide information about the effectiveness of the project.
- The design of a business project should be at a high level.
You should comply with reporting requirements, as well as be interested in the most effective ways to use funds in the fund, you need to be in touch with him. If an entrepreneur "makes friends" with the fund, then he will have the opportunity to receive other material support.
How to get money from the state for the development of IP, you can find out in this video.