ФЗ on educational activities. The system of preschool education in the new Law "On education

Education is one of the main and most problematic areas of public administration. This is especially true for the preschool sphere. The norm governing such activities in the Russian Federation is the Federal Law "On Education" 273 dated December 29, 2012. In recent years, the law on preschool education has undergone many changes, including amendments to the regulation of the preschool system.

General Provisions

Article 64 of the Federal Law "On Education" states that preschool education should be aimed at creating conditions for the development of the cultural, physical, intellectual, moral, aesthetic and personal potential of any child, as well as strengthening and maintaining his health. The programs provided for by the law presuppose taking into account the individual and age characteristics of children, the use of methods and forms characteristic of preschool children.

For this form of training, no intermediate and final methods of monitoring progress and certification are provided. Legal representatives (parents) have the right to implement the so-called form of family education for their child. Such an organization, subject to all the requirements established by the law on preschool education, has the right to free state support in the form of methodological, psychological, pedagogical, and advisory resources.

Fundamentals points in legislation

After the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” was adopted, preschool education became an independent level of the general system. This fact had a decisive influence on the concept and seriously influenced the organization of preschool education.

The innovations are intended to ensure greater accessibility to the provision of the necessary services. Knowledge of the main features of the regulatory document that have come into force will allow many parents to orient themselves correctly, relying on the current law on preschool education.

Changes in the Federal Law raise important issues:

peculiarities of admitting children to kindergartens;
the procedure for the provision of educational services;
privileges;
working hours of preschool institutions;
educational programs.

Kindergarten as the first step

Before the majority of parents (even those who have recently had a child or still have a baby in their arms) sooner or later the question of a kindergarten arises. Preschool education, being the first stage of the general educational system, today does not have sufficient resources to provide all young citizens of the Russian Federation with a place in a preschool institution.

The availability of preschool education for many families remains the main unresolved problem. The adopted federal law on preschool education to a certain extent regulates these issues and is intended to reduce the percentage of children who do not attend kindergarten. Good or bad - everyone decides for himself.

According to the new law on preschool education, every child, regardless of place of residence or registration in the Russian Federation, has the right to receive free preschool education. Currently, parents can place their toddler in a nursery group starting at 2 months old. The issue is being resolved with nursery groups from 1.5 years on a paid basis. A child must be taken to kindergarten upon reaching the age of three. Not a single educational institution has the right to refuse to accept the parents (legal representatives), subject to the availability of vacancies.

Amendments

Amendments to the federal law on preschool education (amended in 2017) imply the regulation of a number of points in the preschool education system:

A gradual decrease (more than 1.5 times) in the number of groups of permanent stay in a child care institution.
Granting the right to a child to receive free education if the parents have chosen a group operating only on an educational basis.
The emergence of specialized counseling centers, where parents and children are provided with psychological, pedagogical and advisory support.
Preschool institutions are given the right (not the obligation) to care for and look after the child within the walls of the institution, as well as to implement the educational function.
Compensation payments for payment are envisaged.
In the absence of places for a preschool institution, the right is reserved to refuse to accept a child from one and a half to three years and older.
Legal representatives (parents) of a minor receive the right to send an application for a place in another kindergarten, where there are opportunities for that.

Rules for registering a child in a preschool institution

First of all, it is necessary to send an application at the place of residence to a special department for recruiting preschool institutions. This form indicates the educational institution most suitable for the child. After that, the representatives of the commission make an application to the database, and the minor is placed in the queue for a place in the specified garden. It should be borne in mind that the official administrative portal often indicates specific terms and form for submitting an application.

Opportunities for electronic application to kindergarten

For the convenience of citizens, when working with government agencies, there is a so-called electronic queue. This type of service can be used by the child's legal representative. The deadlines for submission are also strictly prescribed on the portal.

For the implementation of an electronic application, all the necessary documents are required in electronic form. The rules and features of online registration are posted on the official pages of the Department of Education in special sections. Also, here you can not only make an appointment, but also check your turn.

Conditions for preschool education

Changes in the latest version of the law on preschool education concern the provision of places in preschool institutions without waiting in line for certain categories of persons.

orphans, children left without parental care, ward, adopted;
minors whose parents are victims of the liquidation of the Chernobyl accident;
children with orphans (or those left without care), whose age ranges from 18-23 years;
children of representatives of the prosecutor's office, investigative committee, law enforcement agencies;
minors with disabled parents, single mothers, from large families;
children of specialists working in preschool institutions, as well as those who have a brother, sister in this institution;
minors whose parents are serving in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Procedure in the absence of space in the garden

The latest version of the Law on Preschool Education of the Russian Federation contains amendments that give parents the right to write an additional application for transferring a child to another institution.

In the event that parents are denied admission without the existing regulatory grounds specified in the Federal Law, they have the right to file a complaint with the city administration. The received appeal must be considered without fail, and a decision must be made within the time frame established by the legislation.

In case of refusal to accept the application or when a decision is made not in favor of the child, the parents have the right to go to the prosecutor's office or to other higher authorities in order to resolve such a situation.

State compensation for the payment of a preschool institution

According to the amendments to Art. 65, in paragraph 5, preschool education is divided into:

education implemented within the framework of the Federal State Educational Standard, provided free of charge;
services for the care and supervision of babies that parents must pay.

By law, parents have the right to receive financial support from the state or compensation for payment of these services when registering a child in a kindergarten. The amount of payments is regulated by legislative acts and the decision of the Government of the Russian Federation.

For the first child, compensation cannot exceed 20%, 50% for the second, 70% for the third and subsequent. The fixed fee is regulated depending on market conditions for a specific period.

Persons eligible for state support are strictly defined by the framework of the current legislation. These include:

parents of a minor (mother, father);
relatives in whose name the parental power of attorney is issued;
legal representatives of the child;
specialists of the guardianship and guardianship authorities assigned to the pupils.

Exemption of Parents from Payment

On the basis of amendments to Article 65, paragraph 3 of the Law on Preschool Education of the Russian Federation regulates benefits or complete exemption from contributions for preschool education for a certain category of pupils. Which ones will be discussed with an example below.

So, according to the laws of the Russian Federation on preschool education, fees in state institutions that implement preschool educational standards should not be charged for the supervision and care of pupils.

This measure applies to parents of disabled children, children with tuberculosis intoxication, minors left without parental care, orphans.

This decision is aimed at ensuring the rights and implementation of support for vulnerable and socially unprotected segments of the population, the solution of whose problems is given a special place at the state level.

Opportunities for the development of commercial gardens

Changes in the law on preschool education directly affect the formation of the system of private educational practice. These opportunities are guaranteed in the law by lifting certain restrictive measures governing the right to provide services in the field of education.

An increase in the number of non-state institutions that are not under state protection will, to some extent, reduce the order of priority in state institutions.

Ensuring high-quality provision of educational services in accordance with the requirements and norms of the law on the education of preschool institutions, both on the part of municipal institutions and on the part of private kindergartens, will ensure that the needs of preschool children are met.

The implementation of these tasks will allow many parents to timely engage in social processes in society, go to their previous place of work or gain new knowledge, retrain for a more demanded specialty.

Financial security amendments

Financial issues related to the costs of basic preschool educational programs from 01/01/2014 moved to the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (as a school education system).

Based on Art. 65, clause 4 of the Federal Law, for municipal government institutions there are a number of rules regarding financial security:

It is prohibited to include in the parental contribution the expenses for the basic educational program or for the maintenance and property needs of the institution.
Payment for the provision of services aimed at babysitting and caring for children should not exceed the maximum amount established in the framework of regulatory enactments of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and depends on the quality and characteristics of the service provided.

Commercial kindergartens that carry out basic preschool educational programs under the Federal State Educational Standard are given the right to receive funding for their activities from the budget in the form of subsidies.

New edition of the law

During the period from 2012 to 2018, the main educational document underwent many transformations and, under the influence of critics, was reformed more than once. These circumstances indicate how acute the problems of education are facing the state, including in the preschool sphere.

The latest revision of the law on preschool education of 08/14/2018, as succinctly and clearly as possible, formulates the solution to many previously uncovered issues. At the same time, guarantees are provided by the state for the effective change of the education system as a whole.

In the updated version of the Federal Law "On Education" dated 01.01.2019, which has not yet entered into force, there are no changes concerning the basic laws of preschool education.

I. General Provisions

1. This Model Regulation regulates the activities of state and municipal preschool educational institutions of all types.

2. For non-state preschool educational institutions, this Model Regulation is approximate.

3. Preschool educational institution - a type of educational institution that implements the main general educational program of preschool education.

The state status of a preschool educational institution (the type, type and category of the educational institution, determined in accordance with the level and focus of the educational programs it implements) is established upon its state accreditation, unless otherwise provided by federal laws.

A preschool educational institution provides upbringing, training and development, as well as supervision, care and health improvement for children aged 2 months to 7 years.

4. A preschool educational institution creates conditions for the realization of the right, guaranteed to the citizens of the Russian Federation, to receive public and free preschool education.

5. The main tasks of a preschool educational institution are:

protection of life and strengthening of the physical and mental health of children;
ensuring the cognitive-speech, social-personal, artistic-aesthetic and physical development of children;
education, taking into account the age categories of children of citizenship, respect for human rights and freedoms, love for the surrounding nature, homeland, family;
implementation of the necessary correction of deficiencies in the physical and (or) mental development of children;
interaction with families of children to ensure the full development of children;
providing advisory and methodological assistance to parents (legal representatives) on the upbringing, education and development of children.

6. A preschool educational institution can carry out the rehabilitation of disabled children if there are appropriate conditions in it.

7. Preschool educational institutions include educational institutions of the following types:

kindergarten (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in groups of general developmental orientation);

kindergarten for young children (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in general developmental groups for children aged 2 months to 3 years, creates conditions for social adaptation and early socialization of children);

kindergarten for children of preschool (senior preschool) age (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in groups of general developmental orientation, as well as, if necessary, in groups of compensatory and combined orientation for children aged 5 to 7 years with priority implementation of activities to ensure equal starting opportunities for teaching children in educational institutions);

kindergarten of supervision and health improvement (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in health-improving groups with priority implementation of activities for carrying out sanitary-hygienic, preventive and health-improving measures and procedures);

compensatory kindergarten (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in compensatory groups with priority implementation of activities for the qualified correction of disabilities in the physical and (or) mental development of one or more categories of children with disabilities);

kindergarten of a combined type (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in groups of general developmental, compensatory, health-improving and combined orientation in various combinations);

a kindergarten of a general developmental type with priority implementation of activities in one of the areas of children's development (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in groups of general developmental orientation with priority implementation of activities for the development of children in one of such areas as cognitive-speech, social-personal, artistic-aesthetic or physical);

child development center - kindergarten (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in groups of general developmental orientation with priority implementation of activities for the development of children in several areas, such as cognitive-speech, social-personal, artistic-aesthetic and physical).

8. The main structural unit of a preschool educational institution is a group of preschool children.

In the case of the creation of groups in educational institutions of other types that implement the basic general educational program of preschool education in accordance with the license, their activities are regulated by this Model Regulation.

Groups can have a general developmental, compensatory, health-improving or combined orientation.

In groups of general developmental orientation, preschool education is carried out in accordance with the educational program of an educational institution, which it develops independently on the basis of an approximate basic general educational program of preschool education and federal state requirements for the structure of the main general educational program of preschool education and the conditions for its implementation.

In the compensatory orientation groups, qualified correction of physical and (or) mental developmental disabilities and preschool education of children with disabilities are carried out in accordance with the educational program of the educational institution, which it develops independently on the basis of an approximate basic general educational program of preschool education and federal state requirements for the structure of the basic general educational program of preschool education and the conditions for its implementation, as well as taking into account the peculiarities of psychophysical development and the capabilities of children.

Health improvement groups are created for children with tuberculosis intoxication, often ill children and other categories of children who need a set of special health measures. In health-improving groups, preschool education of children is carried out in accordance with the educational program of an educational institution, which it develops independently on the basis of an approximate basic general educational program of preschool education and federal state requirements for the structure of the main general educational program of preschool education and the conditions for its implementation, as well as a complex of sanitary and hygienic, preventive and health-improving measures and procedures.

In groups of a combined orientation, joint education of healthy children and children with disabilities is carried out in accordance with the educational program of an educational institution, which it independently develops on the basis of an approximate basic general educational program of preschool education and federal state requirements for the structure of the basic general educational program of preschool education and the conditions for its implementation, taking into account the peculiarities of psychophysical development and the capabilities of children.

The groups can include both children of the same age and children of different ages (different age groups).

Groups also differ in the length of time the children stay and operate in a full-day (12-hour stay), a short-day (8-10-hour stay), an extended day (14-hour stay), a short-term stay (from 3 to 5 hours a day) ) and round-the-clock stay. The groups operate on a 5-day and 6-day working week. At the request of parents (legal representatives), it is possible to organize work of groups also on weekends and holidays.

9. A preschool educational institution in its activities is guided by federal laws, decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation, decisions of the relevant state or municipal body that administers in the field of education, this Model Regulation, the charter of a preschool educational institution (hereinafter - charter), an agreement concluded between a preschool educational institution and parents (legal representatives).

10. The language (languages) in which education and upbringing is conducted in a preschool educational institution is determined by the founder and (or) the charter. In a preschool educational institution, conditions are created for the study of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation.

11. A preschool educational institution, in order to fulfill its tasks, has the right to establish direct links with enterprises, institutions and organizations, including foreign ones.

12. A preschool educational institution bears responsibility in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation for:

performance of functions defined by the charter;
full implementation of the basic general educational program of preschool education;
the quality of the educational programs being implemented;
compliance of the applied forms, methods and means of organizing the educational process with age, psychophysiological characteristics, inclinations, abilities, interests and needs of children;
life and health of children and employees of a preschool educational institution during the educational process.

13. In a preschool educational institution, the creation and implementation of the activities of organizational structures of political parties, socio-political and religious movements and organizations (associations) are not allowed. In state and municipal preschool educational institutions, education is of a secular nature.

II. Organization of activities of a preschool educational institution

14. A preschool educational institution is created by the founder and registered in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

15. The founder of the state preschool educational institution is the federal executive authorities and the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The founder of the municipal preschool educational institution is the local government.

16. The relationship between the founder and the preschool educational institution is determined by the agreement concluded between them in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

17. The rights of a legal entity in terms of conducting statutory financial and economic activities arise for a preschool educational institution from the moment of its registration.

A preschool educational institution independently carries out financial and economic activities, may have an independent balance sheet and a personal account (account), opened in the prescribed manner, a seal of the established sample, a stamp and letterheads with its name.

18. The right to conduct educational activities and receive benefits established by the legislation of the Russian Federation arises for a preschool educational institution from the moment it is issued a license (permit).

19. A preschool educational institution undergoes state accreditation in accordance with the procedure established by the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education".

20. A preschool educational institution may be created, reorganized and liquidated in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

21. The content of the educational process in a preschool educational institution is determined by the educational program of preschool education, developed, adopted and implemented by it independently in accordance with federal state requirements for the structure of the main general educational program of preschool education and the conditions for its implementation, established by the federal executive body performing functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education, and taking into account the characteristics of the psychophysical development and capabilities of children.

22. In accordance with the goals and objectives determined by the charter, a preschool educational institution may implement additional educational programs and provide additional educational services outside the educational programs that determine its status, taking into account the needs of the family and on the basis of an agreement concluded between the preschool educational institution and parents (legal representatives).

Paid educational services cannot be provided in exchange for and within the framework of the main educational activities financed by the founder.

23. The mode of operation of a preschool educational institution and the length of stay of children in it are determined by the charter, an agreement concluded between the preschool educational institution and the founder.

24. The organization of meals in a preschool educational institution is the responsibility of the preschool educational institution.

25. Health services for children in preschool educational institutions are provided by health authorities. The medical staff, along with the administration, is responsible for the health and physical development of children, the implementation of medical and preventive measures, the observance of sanitary and hygienic standards, the regime and ensuring the quality of food. A preschool educational institution is obliged to provide a room with appropriate conditions for the work of medical workers, to monitor their work in order to protect and strengthen the health of children and employees of a preschool educational institution.

26. Pedagogical workers of preschool educational institutions undergo a mandatory periodic medical examination, which is carried out at the expense of the founder.

III. Completing a preschool educational institution

27. The procedure for recruiting a preschool educational institution is determined by the founder in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and is enshrined in the charter.

28. A preschool educational institution accepts children aged 2 months to 7 years. The admission of children is carried out on the basis of a medical opinion, application and identity documents of one of the parents (legal representatives).

29. Children with disabilities, children with disabilities are admitted to groups of compensatory and combined orientation of a preschool educational institution only with the consent of their parents (legal representatives) on the basis of the conclusion of the psychological, medical and pedagogical commission.

30. When accepting children with disabilities, children with disabilities in preschool educational institutions of any kind, the preschool educational institution is obliged to provide the necessary conditions for organizing correctional work.

31. The number of groups in a preschool educational institution is determined by the founder based on their maximum occupancy.

32. In groups of general developmental orientation, the maximum occupancy is set depending on the age of the children and is:

from 2 months to 1 year - 10 children;
from 1 to 3 years old - 15 children;
from 3 to 7 years - 20 children.

In different-age groups of general developmental orientation, the maximum occupancy is, if there are children in the group:

two ages (from 2 months to 3 years) - 8 children;
any three ages (from 3 to 7 years old) - 10 children;
any two ages (from 3 to 7 years old) - 15 children.

33. In groups of a compensating orientation, the maximum occupancy rate is set depending on the category of children and their age (up to 3 years old and over 3 years old) and is:

for children with severe speech impairments - 6 and 10 children;
for children with phonetic and phonemic speech disorders only over the age of 3 years - 12 children;
for deaf children - 6 children for both age groups;
for hearing impaired children - 6 and 8 children;
for blind children - 6 children for both age groups;
for visually impaired children, for children with amblyopia, strabismus - 6 and 10 children;
for children with musculoskeletal disorders - 6 and 8 children;
for children with mental retardation - 6 and 10 children;
for children with mild mental retardation - 6 and 10 children;
for children with moderate, severe mental retardation only over the age of 3 years - 8 children;
for children with autism only over the age of 3 years - 5 children;
for children with a complex defect (with a combination of 2 or more disabilities in physical and (or) mental development) - 5 children for both age groups;
for children with other disabilities - 10 and 15 children.

34. In health-improving groups, the maximum occupancy is set depending on the category of children and their age (up to 3 years old and over 3 years old) and is:

for children with tuberculous intoxication - 10 and 15 children;
for children who are often ill - 10 and 15 children;
for other categories of children who need a set of special health-improving measures - 12 and 15 children.

35. In groups with a combined orientation, the maximum occupancy is set depending on the age of children (up to 3 years old and over 3 years old) and the category of children with disabilities and is:

up to 3 years old - 10 children, including no more than 3 children with disabilities;
over 3 years old:
10 children, including no more than 3 deaf children, or blind children, or children with musculoskeletal disorders, or children with moderate, severe mental retardation, or children with a complex defect;

15 children, including no more than 4 visually impaired and (or) children with amblyopia and strabismus, or hearing impaired children, or children with severe speech impairments, or children with mild mental retardation;

17 children, including no more than 5 children with mental retardation.

IV. Participants in the educational process

36. Participants in the educational process of a preschool educational institution are children, their parents (legal representatives), teaching staff.

37. When admitting children to a preschool educational institution, the latter is obliged to familiarize parents (legal representatives) with the charter, a license for the right to conduct educational activities, a certificate of state accreditation of a preschool educational institution and other documents regulating the organization of the educational process.

38. The establishment of fees charged from parents (legal representatives) for the maintenance of a child in a preschool educational institution is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

39. The relationship between a preschool educational institution and parents (legal representatives) is regulated by an agreement that includes the mutual rights, obligations and responsibilities of the parties arising in the process of upbringing, education, development, supervision, care and rehabilitation of children, the length of the child's stay in a preschool educational institution , as well as the calculation of the amount of fees charged to parents (legal representatives) for the maintenance of a child in a preschool educational institution.

40. The relationship between the child and the staff of the preschool educational institution is built on the basis of cooperation, respect for the personality of the child and providing him with freedom of development in accordance with individual characteristics.

41. The procedure for staffing a preschool educational institution is regulated by the charter.

42. Persons with secondary vocational or higher vocational education are admitted to pedagogical activity in a preschool educational institution. The educational qualification of these persons is confirmed by state documents on the appropriate level of education and (or) qualifications.

Persons are not allowed to pedagogical activity:

deprived of the right to engage in pedagogical activity in accordance with a court verdict that has entered into legal force;
having an unexpunged or outstanding conviction for intentional grave and especially grave crimes;
recognized as incompetent in accordance with the procedure established by federal law;
having diseases provided for by the list approved by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of health care, social development, labor and consumer protection.

43. The staffing tables of preschool educational institutions that provide upbringing, training, development, supervision, care and health improvement of children with disabilities, children with disabilities, as well as the correction of their physical and (or) mental developmental deficiencies, if necessary, can be introduced additional positions of teachers-defectologists, speech therapists, speech therapists, educational psychologists, social educators, educators and other workers (depending on the category of children) within the allocations allocated by the decision of the founder for these purposes.

44. The rights of employees of a preschool educational institution and measures of their social support are determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation, the charter and the employment contract.

45. Employees of a preschool educational institution have the right:

to participate in the management of a preschool educational institution in the manner determined by the charter;
to protect their professional honor, dignity and business reputation.

46. A preschool educational institution shall establish:

wages of employees, depending on the qualifications of the employee, the complexity, intensity, quantity, quality and conditions of the work performed, as well as compensation payments (additional payments and allowances of a compensatory nature) and incentive payments (additional payments and incentive payments, bonuses and other incentive payments) within the limits budgetary allocations for wages;
the structure of management of the activities of a preschool educational institution;
staffing table and job responsibilities of employees.

V. Management of a preschool educational institution

47. Management of a preschool educational institution is carried out in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education", other legislative acts of the Russian Federation, this Model Regulations and the Charter.

48. Management of a preschool educational institution is based on the principles of one-man management and self-government, ensuring the state-public nature of the management of a preschool educational institution. The forms of self-government of a preschool educational institution that ensure the state-public nature of management are the board of trustees, the general meeting, the pedagogical council and other forms. The procedure for the election of self-government bodies and their competence are determined by the charter.

49. The direct management of a preschool educational institution is carried out by the head who has passed the appropriate certification.

The recruitment of the head of a preschool educational institution is carried out in the manner determined by the charter and in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

50. Head of a preschool educational institution:

acts on behalf of the preschool educational institution, represents it in all institutions and organizations;
disposes of the property of a preschool educational institution within the limits of the rights granted to it by an agreement concluded between the preschool educational institution and the founder;
issues powers of attorney;
opens a personal account (account) in accordance with the established procedure in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
recruits and places personnel, encourages employees of a preschool educational institution, imposes penalties and dismisses them from work;
bears responsibility for the activities of the preschool educational institution to the founder.

Vi. Property and funds of the institution

51. For a preschool educational institution in order to ensure educational activities in accordance with the charter, the founder in the prescribed manner assigns objects of ownership (buildings, structures, property, equipment, as well as other necessary property for consumer, social, cultural and other purposes).

The preschool educational institution owns, uses and disposes of the property assigned to it on the basis of the right of operational management in accordance with its purpose, the charter and the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Land plots are assigned to state and municipal preschool educational institutions in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

A preschool educational institution is responsible to the owner for the safety and efficient use of the property assigned to him.

52. Financial support for the activities of a preschool educational institution is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

A preschool educational institution has the right to attract, in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation, additional financial resources through the provision of paid additional educational and other services provided for by the charter, as well as through voluntary donations and targeted contributions from individuals and (or) legal entities, including foreign citizens and (or) foreign legal entities.

A preschool educational institution has the right to conduct, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, income-generating activities provided for by the charter.

53. When providing financial support to rural under-staff and preschool educational institutions considered as such by state authorities and bodies exercising control in the field of education, costs that do not depend on the number of children should be taken into account.

54. Attraction by a preschool educational institution of additional financial resources specified in paragraph 52 of this Model Regulation does not entail a decrease in the amount of its financing at the expense of the founder.

55. The financial and material resources of a preschool educational institution assigned to it by the founder are used by the preschool educational institution in accordance with the charter and are not subject to withdrawal, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

When a preschool educational institution is liquidated, financial resources and other property objects, minus payments to cover their obligations, are directed to the development of education.

Nadezhda Kornilova
The system of preschool education in the new Law "On Education"

Dear Colleagues!

Changes in the preschool education system in the new Law"About education» a little, but they are very significant. In accordance with clause 4 C. 10 G. 2 Of the law"About education» in the Russian Federation, the following levels of general education:

1) preschool education;

2) initial general education;

3) basic general education;

4) average general education.

It means that preschool education now becomes an independent level education... And therefore, in parallel with The law"About education» a federal state preschool education standard... In June, the FSES DO project was published, which is currently in the stage of wide public discussion, including by Dosh teachers. Uchr. Khvalynsky district. It is the introduction of OS that will entail significant changes in the organization of educational educational activities of preschool organizations... GEF includes requirements: 1) to the structure of the main educational programs; 2) to the conditions for the implementation of the main educational programs, including personnel, financial, material and technical and other conditions; 3) to the results of mastering the main educational programs... Unlike other standards, preschool C... is not basis conformity assessment educational activities and training of pupils.

Mastering preschool educational programs is not accompanied by intermediate attestations and final attestation of pupils. The standard should statutoryly provide government guarantees of equality of opportunity for every child to receive preschool education.

V new law"About education» state guarantees on the "obligation preschool education". P. 3. Articles 5 of Chapter 1 treats: “In the Russian Federation, general availability and free of charge are guaranteed in accordance with federal state educational standards for preschool, initial general, basic general and secondary general education ..." etc.

This is not an obligation for all children to go to a d / s, but a guarantee of the state that it undertakes obligations and officially records this in the law- to provide everyone with full preschool education". The parent himself will decide where to give the child to him - in a d / s, family group, non-governmental institution or will be his

educate yourself. Preschool education can be carried out both in preschool and in the form of a family education... In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 64 of Chapter 1 “parents (legal representatives) minor students, ensuring that children receive preschool education in the form of family education, have the right to receive methodological, psychological, pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance free of charge, including preschool educational organizations and general educational organizations, if they have established the corresponding consulting centers. The provision of such types of assistance is ensured by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. "

According to new Law"About education» The PO is separate from the supervision and care of children. Babysitting and caring for children can be carried out not only educational organizations, but also other organizations carrying out educational activities... Babysitting and caring for children is a set of measures for organizing meals and household services for children, ensuring that they comply with personal hygiene and daily routine.

Preschool education is free, and babysitting and caring for children becomes paid. The amount will depend on the founder of the kindergarten. At the same time, the founder has the right not to charge or reduce fees for certain categories of parents. For the supervision and care of disabled children, orphans and children left without parental care, as well as for children with tuberculosis intoxication studying in state and municipal educational institutions, no parental fee will be charged. At the same time, the norms of compensation for a part of the parental fees: at least 20% of the average parental pay for the first child, at least 50% for the second child, at least 70% of the amount of such pay for the third child and subsequent children.

Introduction new Law by force caused the emergence of another regulatory document: in accordance with part 2 of article 13 by the Ministry education of the Russian Federation published"The order of organization and implementation educational activities for general educational programs of preschool education". This normative act establishes the rules for the organization and implementation of educational activities for both preschool organizations and for other organizations implementing programs preschool education or looking after and caring for children.

So, dear colleagues, we are entering the new academic year with a new The law... I congratulate you on the beginning of the academic year and wish you creative, fruitful success in the implementation Of the law for the benefit of the younger generation!

Mastering educational programs of preschool education is not accompanied by intermediate certification and final certification of pupils. The standard should normatively provide state guarantees of equality of opportunities for every child in obtaining preschool education.

The new law "On Education" spelled out state guarantees for "compulsory preschool education." Clause 3. Article 5 of Chapter 1 interprets: "In the Russian Federation, accessibility and free of charge are guaranteed in accordance with federal state educational standards of preschool, primary general, basic general and secondary general education ...", etc.

This is not an obligation for all children to go to a d / s, but a guarantee of the state that it takes on obligations and officially fixes this in the law - to provide everyone with a full-fledged preschool education. " , family group, non-governmental institution or will

educate yourself. Preschool education can be carried out both in a preschool institution and in the form of family education. In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 64 of Chapter 1, “parents (legal representatives) of minor students who ensure that children receive preschool education in the form of family education have the right to receive methodological, psychological, pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance without charging a fee, including in preschool educational organizations and general educational organizations, if they have established appropriate consulting centers. The provision of such types of assistance is ensured by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. "

Preschool education is free, and childcare is paid. The amount will depend on the founder of the kindergarten. At the same time, the founder has the right not to charge or reduce fees for certain categories of parents. There is no parental fee for looking after and caring for disabled children, orphans and children left without parental care, as well as for children with tuberculosis intoxication studying in state and municipal educational organizations. At the same time, the norms of compensation for part of the parental pay remain: at least 20% of the average parental pay - for the first child, at least 50% - for the second child, at least 70% of the amount of such payment for the third child and subsequent children.

The entry into force of the new Law caused the emergence of another normative document: in accordance with part 2 of Article 13, the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation published the "Procedure for the organization and implementation of educational activities in general educational programs of preschool education." This normative act establishes the rules for the organization and implementation of educational activities both for preschool organizations and for other organizations implementing preschool education programs or providing childcare and supervision.

So, dear colleagues, we are entering a new academic year with a new Law. I congratulate you on the beginning of the school year and wish you creative, fruitful success in the implementation of the Law for the benefit of the younger generation!

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Parents' meeting "New Law" On Education ". Changes in the legislative framework of a preschool institution "

Parents' meeting New law on education. Changes to the legislative base of a preschool institution

From January 1, 2014, clauses 3 and 6 of part 1 of article 8, as well as clause 1 of part 1 of article 9 come into force.

Education levels

preschool education

primary general education

basic general education

secondary general education

For the first time, preschool education was recognized as an independent level of general education, and this means that it must now work in accordance with the standard. (Article 10, Part 4).

Federal state educational standards are approved for all levels of general education (art. 5, part 3, including for preschool.

Education

Education and training in the interests of individuals, society and the state

(LAW "ON EDUCATION", 1992, 1996)

A single purposeful process of education and training, which is a socially significant benefit and is carried out in the interests of a person, family, society and the state, as well as a set of acquired knowledge, skills, value attitudes, experience and competence of a certain volume and complexity for the purpose of intellectual, spiritual - moral, creative, physical and professional development of a person, satisfaction of his educational needs and interests.

(NEW LAW "ON EDUCATION", 2013, CH. 1, ART. 2)

1. In the Russian Federation, the right of every person to education is guaranteed.

2. The right to education in the Russian Federation is guaranteed REGARDLESS of gender, race, nationality, language, origin, property, social origin, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, membership of public associations (Chapter 1, Article 5, Clause 1, 2)

This is not an obligation for all children to go to a d / s, but a guarantee of the state that it undertakes obligations and officially fixes this in the law - to provide everyone with a full-fledged preschool education. " , a family group, a non-governmental institution or will raise it independently.

Preschool education can be carried out both in a preschool institution and in the form of family education.

In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 64 of Chapter 7, “parents (legal representatives) of minor students, who ensure that children receive preschool education in the form of family education, have the right to receive methodological, psychological, pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance without charging a fee, including in preschool educational organizations and general educational organizations, if they have established appropriate consulting centers. The provision of such types of assistance is ensured by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. "

According to the new Law "On Education", EC is separated from the supervision and care of children. Supervision and care of children can be carried out not only by educational organizations, but also by other organizations carrying out educational activities. Babysitting and caring for children is a set of measures for organizing meals and household services for children, ensuring that they comply with personal hygiene and daily routine. Preschool education is free, and childcare is paid. The amount will depend on the founder of the kindergarten. At the same time, the founder has the right not to charge or reduce fees for certain categories of parents. There is no parental fee for looking after and caring for disabled children, orphans and children left without parental care, as well as for children with tuberculosis intoxication studying in state and municipal educational organizations. At the same time, the norms of compensation for part of the parental pay remain: at least 20% of the average parental pay - for the first child, at least 50% - for the second child, at least 70% of the amount of such payment for the third child and subsequent children

Federal state educational standard

On August 28, 2013, the Council of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation on federal state standards approved the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education (FSES DO).

Why do you need a standard

This is a requirement of the Law on Education in the Russian Federation, which entered into force on September 1, 2013. For the first time, preschool education was recognized as an independent level of general education, and this means that it must now work in accordance with the standard. FGT made requirements for the structure and conditions of implementation of the main educational program, FGOS DO also impose requirements on the results of mastering the main educational program, and this is a fundamental innovation. One of the requirements of the standard is to move away from the academic system. The child must master the ability to live in peace with himself, get in the game the skills of individual work and group interaction, learn to learn. It is at the preschool age that the basic personality traits and key social skills are formed - multiculturalism, respect for other people, adherence to democratic values, a healthy and safe lifestyle. Therefore, one of the most important tasks of preschool education is to lay the foundation for the formation of a child's self-identification in the world around him: with his family, region, country.

The standard pursues the following objectives

ensuring by the state of equal opportunities for every child to receive quality preschool education;

Provision of state guarantees of the level and quality of education based on the unity of mandatory requirements for the conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs, their structure and the results of their development;

Maintaining the unity of the educational space of the Russian Federation in relation to the level of preschool education.

On the basis of the standards, the main educational program of preschool education of the OEP of preschool education is being developed, which will determine the complex of the main characteristics of preschool education (volume, content and planned results in the form of targets (and not ZUN or integrative qualities) of preschool education, organizational and pedagogical conditions of the pedagogical process. organization independently (Article 12.6 of the Law "On Education in the Russian Federation").

Family and preschool interaction

Parents have primary responsibility for the upbringing and development of the child, whose best interests should be the primary concern of the parents.

Convention on the Rights of the Child (article 18)

“Parents (legal representatives) of minor students (pupils) have a priority right to the education and upbringing of children over all other persons. They are obliged to lay the foundations for the physical, moral and intellectual development of the child's personality.

(article 44, part 1)

"Bodies of state power and local self-government, educational organizations provide assistance to parents (legal education of children, protection and strengthening of their physical and mental health, development of individual abilities and the necessary correction of violations of their development."

(article 44, part 2)

For failure to comply or improper fulfillment of responsibilities for the upbringing of children, parents can be brought to various types of legal liability:

Administrative (Article 5.35 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses ("Failure by parents or other legal representatives of minors to fulfill their obligations to support and educate minors");

Civil law (Articles 1073 - 1075 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation);

Family and legal (Article 69 "Deprivation of parental rights", Article 73 "Restriction of parental rights" of the Family Code of the Russian Federation);

Criminal (Article 156 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation "Failure to fulfill obligations for the upbringing of a minor")

For non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of the duties established by this Federal Law and other Federal Laws, the parents (legal representatives) of underage students are liable under the legislation of the Russian Federation. (Law "On Education", Chapter 4, Art. 44)

Family is happiness, love and luck.

Family is a summer trip to the country.

Family is a holiday, family dates,

Gifts, purchases, pleasant spending.

The birth of children, the first step, the first babble,

Dreams of good, excitement and awe,

Family is work, caring for each other,

Family is a lot of homework

Family is important!

Family is difficult!

And it's impossible to live happily alone!

for your attention!

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Article 18 Preschool education Law on education of the Russian Federation (full text) (2015). Relevant in 2015 | The law is simple!

1. Parents are the first educators. They are obliged to lay the foundations for the physical, moral and intellectual development of the child's personality in early childhood.

Clause 2 - Abolished.

(as amended by Federal Law of August 22, 2004 N 122-FZ)

3. For the upbringing of preschool children, the protection and strengthening of their physical and mental health, the development of individual abilities and the necessary correction of developmental disorders of these children, a network of preschool educational institutions operates to help the family.

4. The relationship between the preschool educational institution and the parents (legal representatives) is regulated by an agreement between them, which cannot limit the rights of the parties established by law.

5. Local self-government bodies organize and coordinate methodological, diagnostic and advisory assistance to families raising preschool children at home.

Download Law on Education of the Russian Federation (full text) (2015) Actual in 2015

Source www.zakonprost.ru

Preschool Education Act

Since the beginning of the new academic year in 2013, the new Federal Law No.-273 “On Education in the Russian Federation” came into force. First of all, the amendments affected preschoolers.

Now preschool education as such is another niche in the entire education system on a par with school education and training at a university. The list of organizations that will be able to carry out the education of preschool children is also being replenished, now these are not only state institutions or institutions of a municipal nature, organizations that are engaged in the treatment or prevention of a preschool child can also be engaged in this. Legal entities and individual entrepreneurs can also engage in pre-school education.

The new law abolished norms that previously limited the amount of money paid for looking after and caring for a child. Each founder of the organization independently sets the fee, it may or may not, but you should not count on it. As the saying goes, free cheese is only in a mousetrap.

Also, the law contains the following norms:

Parents of a child who does not go to kindergarten can receive methodological, psychological, pedagogical and other assistance;

Payment for disabled children, children who were left without parental care and other socially vulnerable groups;

They are not allowed to take additional funds for the maintenance of the real estate of organizations, as well as the implementation of the general education program.

Most of the parents are frightened first of all by the fact that there is no established limit for the collection of fees by organizations for attending a child's preschool institution. People are afraid of sky-high maintenance prices; salaries do not rise as fast as payments. However, so far no discontent among the people has been identified.

Car repair is a costly business. This is especially true for the repair of Volkswagen cars. Installing a windshield on a Volkswagen can sometimes cost a lot of money.

But our company will install the windshield quickly and efficiently, and even at a low price.

A new law on education in Russia comes into force on September 1, 2013 Consultant Plus

Federal Law of December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation"

The law defines the levels of general education (preschool education, primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education) and the levels of vocational education (secondary vocational education, higher education - bachelor's degree; higher education - specialty, master's degree; higher education - training of highly qualified personnel) ... Another level of higher education is being introduced - training of highly qualified personnel, which includes training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel, residency programs, and internship programs.

Along with the main educational programs in the field of education, there are also additional educational programs of various orientations and degrees of complexity, formed taking into account age characteristics, interests, abilities, educational level and professional qualifications of students.

The law has expanded the range of subjects entitled to conduct educational activities, including the legal possibilities for access of "non-educational" organizations to educational activities. In addition, the law contains a separate article dedicated to the regulation of the legal status of individual entrepreneurs conducting educational activities.

The law now also regulates the provision of scholarships to students of educational institutions of vocational education.

The Law contains separate provisions on:

Credit-modular system of the organization of the educational process and the system of credits;

Network interaction in the implementation of educational programs, including a mechanism for offsetting the results of mastering individual parts of the educational program in third-party organizations;

The use of distance learning technologies in the educational process;

Training in integrated educational programs;

Educational and information resources in the educational process, etc.

The conditions for conducting experimental and innovative activities in the field of education are regulated. In addition, the models of economic activity in the field of education have been updated.

From the date of entry into force of the new Law, the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" and the Federal Law "On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education" are recognized as invalid. For certain provisions of the new Law, other terms of their entry into force have been established.

Simultaneously with the entry into force of the new Law, a number of by-laws, adopted in accordance with it, come into force. Among them, in particular:

Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 15, 2013 N 706 "On approval of the Rules for the provision of paid educational services";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 04.24.2013 N 370 "On approval of the Rules for payment for the services of experts and expert organizations and reimbursement of expenses incurred by them in connection with the accreditation examination";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 24, 2013 N 438 "On the state information system" Register of organizations carrying out educational activities in accordance with state accredited educational programs ";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 10, 2013 N 582 "On approval of the Rules for posting on the official website of an educational organization in the information and telecommunication network" Internet "and updating information about an educational organization";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 20, 2013 N 611 "On approval of the Rules for confirming documents on education and (or) on qualifications";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 25, 2013 N 627 "On approval of requirements for the implementation of state control (supervision) in the field of education over the activities of educational organizations implementing educational programs containing information constituting a state secret";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 08.08.2013 N 678 "On approval of the nomenclature of positions of teaching staff of organizations carrying out educational activities, positions of heads of educational organizations";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia of 03/06/2013 N 160 "On approval of the Procedure for the creation in educational institutions implementing educational programs of higher education, scientific organizations and other organizations carrying out scientific (research) activities, laboratories carrying out scientific (research) and ( or) scientific and technical activities ";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia of 03/15/2013 N 185 "On approval of the Procedure for applying to students and removing disciplinary measures from students";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia of April 18, 2013 N 292 "On approval of the Procedure for organizing and carrying out educational activities for basic vocational training programs";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia of 06.06.2013 N 443 "On approval of the Procedure and cases of the transition of persons studying in educational programs of secondary vocational and higher education from paid education to free education";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia of 13.06.2013 N 455 "On approval of the Procedure and grounds for granting academic leave to students";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia of June 14, 2013 N 462 "On approval of the Procedure for conducting self-examination by an educational organization";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia of June 14, 2013 N 464 "On approval of the Procedure for organizing and carrying out educational activities in educational programs of secondary vocational education", etc.

Date of publication on the site: 04.01.2013

Material from the site www.Consultant.ru

Other legal entities, as well as individual entrepreneurs, are also entitled to carry out educational activities, including educational programs for preschool education.

If parents give their child preschool education in a family, then they have the right to receive methodological, psychological, pedagogical, diagnostic and consultative assistance without charging a fee, including in preschool educational organizations and general educational organizations, if they have established appropriate counseling centers.

The preschool educational organization provides education, training, supervision, care and health improvement for children aged 2 months.

Law on Education: Features of the Regulation of Preschool Education | Articles | Preschool director's guide

At the end of 2012, a new Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" was adopted, which comes into force in September 2013. How does it differ from the current normative act? What's new in the regulation of early childhood education?

The new law on education is very different from the old one. The provisions of the RF Law "On Education" dealt mainly with managerial and financial and economic relations in the field of education. The Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" regulates not only these relations, but also the content of education (including setting requirements for educational programs and standards), and also regulates in more detail the rights and responsibilities of participants in the educational process.

In accordance with the new law, education in the Russian Federation is subdivided into general education, vocational education, additional education and vocational training. At the same time, general education and vocational education are implemented at several levels. In particular, general education includes:

preschool education;
basic general education;
secondary general education.

Thus, preschool education is now one of the levels of general education. The development of educational programs for preschool education is regulated by federal state educational standards, but is not accompanied by intermediate certification and final certification of students.

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Article 64 Law on Education in the Russian Federation 2015 (New!). Preschool education

1. Preschool education is aimed at the formation of a general culture, the development of physical, intellectual, moral, aesthetic and personal qualities, the formation of the prerequisites for educational activities, the preservation and strengthening of the health of preschool children.

2. Educational programs of preschool education are aimed at the diversified development of preschool children, taking into account their age and individual characteristics, including the achievement by preschool children of a level of development necessary and sufficient for their successful mastering of educational programs of primary general education, based on an individual approach to children preschool age and specific activities for preschool children. Mastering educational programs of preschool education is not accompanied by intermediate certification and final certification of students.

3. Parents (legal representatives) of minor students who ensure that children receive preschool education in the form of family education have the right to receive methodological, psychological, pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance without charging a fee, including in preschool educational organizations and general educational organizations, if corresponding consulting centers have been established there. Ensuring the provision of such types of assistance is carried out by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

NEW IN EDUCATION LAW

In the conceptual apparatus

A number of new concepts have been introduced:

educational organization, organization providing training, organizations carrying out educational activities; relations in the field of education, participants in educational relations, participants in relations in the field of education; conflict of interests of the teacher; other.

In early childhood education

Preschool education is becoming an independent level of education and is regulated by federal state educational standards.
It is separated from “looking after and caring” children, ie. it will be free to teach a child in kindergarten, and you will have to pay for supervision and care. The fee is determined by the founder. The kindergarten will now be taught at the expense of the state, and fed at the expense of the parents. You can get compensation from the budget for looking after and care. Its size is determined by the regions. And if someone wants a free education without additional markups - welcome to short-term stay groups.
Low-income parents, by decision of the founders, can pay less or not pay at all. Disabled children, orphans and patients with tuberculosis are exempted from payment.
Another innovation is the educational standard for the preschooler. It is not very clear why it was called the "standard" - in fact, it is more of a reference point. A sort of guiding star for parents. This standard is not for the child, but for the teacher and parent. It corrects the excesses that have developed in recent years - the substitution of primary school for kindergarten. The task of the kindergarten is not to teach counting and reading, but to prepare the child so that he wants to learn and has opportunities for socialization. The new law prohibits final grading for a student. Simply put, if your two-year-old does not meet the standard, then you do not need to panic and hire a horde of tutors. Maybe he is brilliant in something else. It is possible that the child is a defective child prodigy, and the new law will allow him to harmoniously develop his abilities.

In the field of general secondary education

The powers of regional bodies of state power and local self-government bodies are being redistributed to ensure the rights of citizens to receive public and free preschool education. The closure of a village school can only happen with the approval of the village gathering.

The names of the types and types of educational organizations are changing. There is no question of gymnasiums and lyceums in the law. The specialization of an educational institution can be indicated in its name.

Those who live in the territory to which the school is attached receive the right of preferential registration in the first ticket offices.

In schools with in-depth study of any subjects, admission will be made individually in middle and high school.

The specifics of obtaining education by foreigners and stateless persons and convicts have been determined.

Individual study schedule. No, this does not mean that you can officially skip and go to lessons a couple of times a month. It is possible only if there is no other way.

The individual schedule is intended primarily for those who, due to circumstances, cannot regularly attend school - for example, those who are seriously involved in sports or music and go to competitions. Or those who have recently changed school - the courses already taken in the old school can be re-enrolled, for others to come to additional classes This option is also for those who have health problems and who cannot attend school regularly.

The child's right to high-quality inclusive education according to adapted programs is separately spelled out.

The concept of "safety of the school environment" has been introduced, which simplifies the presentation of claims against the school due to an accident with a student.

More details are given about disciplinary measures. Students will be subject to stricter discipline and academic requirements, up to and including dropping out of school, incl. and in the case of failure of the student to fulfill his obligations for the conscientious development of the educational program and the implementation of the curriculum.

The summer scandals with the Unified State Exam did not teach anything. The law does not prescribe any additional regulatory mechanisms. Of course, while they are working on it. But it seems that the 2014 edition will still be able to download the correct tasks and post the answers on the Internet.

The USE results will be valid for 4 years.

The law enshrines the principle of the secular nature of education in public schools and the teaching practice of ORCE. Religious organizations received the right to check the curriculum of the course for compliance with the doctrine, as well as recommend their teachers for work in schools.

Separate articles are devoted to the status of teachers and leaders. Also, the rights, duties and responsibilities of teachers are regulated in more detail. As for teachers' salaries, according to the law, they cannot be lower than the average salary in the respective region.

The teacher is obliged to undergo retraining courses every 3 years, and not every 5 years.

In secondary vocational education

Vocational schools offering initial vocational education programs will be closed.

Educational institutions received the right to introduce integrated educational programs and provide both school and vocational education at the same time.

It is allowed to select students for creative educational institutions according to their abilities immediately after they graduate from elementary school, and upon graduation, give them not only a certificate, but also a diploma of secondary vocational education.

In the field of higher education

According to the new law on the education of state-funded students, there should be at least 800 for every 10 thousand people aged 17 to 30 years.

Reduced benefits for admission to a university, and instead, certain categories of beneficiaries are given the opportunity to study free of charge at preparatory courses.

It will be possible to enter a university only based on the results of the Unified State Exam, with the exception of Moscow State University, St. Petersburg State University (as well as several other federal universities), where additional exams will have to be taken.

Winners and prize-winners of the Olympiads have the right to enter the university without entrance examinations. For admission "to the budget" out of competition for children with disabilities, a quota is set - 10% of the total number of budget places in a specific direction (specialization), provided that they successfully pass the entrance tests.

Beneficiaries are also provided with priority living quarters in a student hostel, and they are exempted from accommodation fees. For the rest of the students, the educational organization itself decides on the establishment of fees.

All other conditions being equal, the priority right to admission to military higher educational institutions is given to "children of citizens doing military service under a contract and having a total duration of military service of twenty years or more."

The law obliges all universities to participate in the monitoring of the Ministry of Education and Science.

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For the first time in the law it is stated that preschool education is the level of general education. This event is significant: it is preschool education that is especially important for the formation of a child's personality, his future fate.

A logical continuation of this decision is the adoption of federal state educational standards for preschool education. Preschool education is becoming the first level in the education system As for concerns about the rise in the cost of education, they remain relevant only for preschool educational organizations.

The law does not guarantee a limitation of the parental supplement for kindergarten maintenance, so in theory (if the founder decides to do so) this could lead to an increase. It is impossible to expel a child from a preschool educational organization due to late payment by his parents (legal representatives) for supervision and care.

Conflict of interests of the teacher. There was no such concept in the legislation on education before, although there was a conflict of interests as an objective reality.

This is a situation in which a pedagogical worker, in the course of his professional activity, has a personal interest in obtaining material benefits or other advantages and which affects or may affect the proper performance of professional duties by a pedagogical worker due to a contradiction between his personal interest and the interests of the student, parents (legal representatives ) minor students. 2. Monitoring the effectiveness of universities is becoming annual and mandatory for both public and private universities. In the fall of 2012, the Ministry of Education and Science conducted the first monitoring of universities.

It was attended by 541 state universities and 994 branches. As a result, about 30 universities and 262 branches were recognized as ineffective and in need of reorganization. 3. The results of the unified state examination (USE) will be valid for five years4.

Individual needs of students are taken into account The law gives priority to inclusive education, which involves teaching children with disabilities not in a specialized, but in a regular educational institution. At the same time, they can still receive education in special institutions.

The legislator secures the right of the student to an individual study schedule and to choose subjects for the course. According to the new

Preschool education of children: what to expect from the new standard

Many teachers believe that the knowledge and values laid down in a child in preschool age will become the determining factors in the future fate of a person. Preschool education plays an essential role in the formation of the future personality. Perhaps, it is from these considerations that, when reforming the education system in the Russian Federation, the legislator paid special attention to the problems of preschool education. About how the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation" (hereinafter - the Law on Education) has shown itself in several months of its application, and what to expect from the federal state educational standard of preschool education1 (hereinafter - the standard of preschool education), which comes into force on January 1, 2014, we talked with the director of the Institute of Psychological and Pedagogical Problems of Childhood of the Russian Academy of Education, Ph.D., professor, member of the working group on the development of a standard for preschool education Tatiana Volosovets.

Before the entry into force of the Education Act, preschool education was first step general education. After September 1, 2013, preschool education belongs to level general education (art. 4 of the law on education). How do you rate this innovation?

T.V.: Very good. The Education Law defined the new status of preschool education as level general education. The rise in the status of preschool education is a very positive trend.

At the same time, it would be nice to raise the status of a teacher of preschool education, including equalizing the level of salaries in preschool education and at school. This work is already underway in the regions.

Everyone knows that the problem of queues in kindergartens is very acute in Russia. According to the official data, at the moment they are waiting for places in groups of about half a million children... How can this problem be solved?

T.V .: This problem can be solved in two ways. The first is the construction of new kindergartens. This task was set in the May (2012) presidential decrees2 and is being fulfilled by the regions of Russia.

For construction from the federal budget is directed 59 billionrub... The second is the development of variable organizational forms of preschool education, and this method is precisely reflected in the standard of preschool education.

In paragraph 2, part 3 of Art. 44 of the Law on Education states that parents (legal representatives) of minor students have the right to give their child preschool education in the family. Who in this case controls the receipt of the specified education by the child?

T.V .: There is no answer to this question yet. The Ministry of Education and Science of Russia in the Action Plan to ensure the introduction of the federal state educational standard for preschool education plans to develop Methodological Recommendations "Organization of receiving methodological, psychological, pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance to parents of children receiving preschool education in the form of family education" in 2014.

Many criticize the standard of preschool education for the abundance of general norms (there is no clear regulation of how to develop children; what conditions should be for this; what is the maximum number of children allowed in a group). What is your opinion on this matter?

T.V .: The standard of preschool education focuses on the multiplicity of possible Model basic educational programs of educational institutions with recognition of differences in their psychological and pedagogical foundations, methods and forms of work, recognition of the variability of conditions and results of work of preschool educational institutions.

Everything related to education and development will be reflected in these programs. Conditions, including psychological and pedagogical, personnel, financial, material and technical, are reflected in the standard of preschool education. The maximum occupancy of groups, including in groups of compensatory and combined orientation, is established in accordance with sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations.

Previously, the amount of parental pay (fees for looking after and caring for a child) in state educational institutions implementing the basic general educational program of preschool education was set at no more than 20% of the cost of maintaining a child (Article 52.1 of the Law of the Russian Federation of July 10, 1992 No. 3266-1 "On Education"). The education law abolishes the 20% limit for the specified fee and gives the founders the right to set the limit themselves.

Thus, kindergarten fees for childcare services may increase for parents. five times... What ways out of this situation do you see?

T.V .: There is only one way out - to amend the law on education. I would like to return the wording of Art.

52.1 of the Law of the Russian Federation of July 10, 1992 No. 3266-1 "On Education", according to which the amount of parental pay (fees for looking after and caring for a child) in state educational institutions implementing the basic general educational program of preschool education was set at no more than 20% of the cost of maintaining a child.

Dmitry Livanov, Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation:

“The availability and quality of preschool education is one of the significant factors in making decisions by young families that they are ready to become parents. And, in fact, it is preschool education that is the only one where we do not guarantee public accessibility to citizens. task ".

Receiving preschool education in educational organizations can begin when children reach the age of two months(article 67 of the law on education). What activities will be carried out in relation to children of this age?

T.V .: Now the authors are finalizing the Model Basic Educational Programs, which also reflects the system of working with children from two months to three years. Teachers and psychologists have accumulated a lot of experience in the development and upbringing of children at this age.

Nursery groups existed in Soviet times, and they function now. I do not see any problems in the development of Programs for infants and young children.

How is the creation of counseling centers for parents (legal representatives) of underage students in Russia, ensuring that children receive preschool education in the form of family education?

T.V .: So far, nothing, although in paragraph 3 of Art. 64 of the Law on Education established the right of parents to use methodological, psychological, pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance in counseling centers. The Ministry of Education and Science of Russia in the Action Plan to ensure the introduction of the federal state educational standard for preschool education provides for the development of "Methodological recommendations for the organization and functioning of consulting centers (organizational, economic, functional issues)" in 2014.

Article 64. Preschool education
The commented article is not new for the domestic educational legislation, since the relevant norms were contained in Art. 18 of Law N 3266-1. Meanwhile, within the framework of the commented article, these provisions have been largely updated and supplemented with new norms.
The article is devoted to the legal regulation of preschool education. The foundations of legal regulation of preschool education in the Russian Federation are laid down by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which in Art. 43 guarantees free and accessible preschool education in state and municipal institutions, thereby imposing on the state the obligation to ensure the implementation of this right. However, constitutional norms do not specify the content of this right and do not determine the details of the legal regulation of this area of educational relations. More detailed regulation is carried out at the level of the commented Federal Law and by-laws. Thus, the strategic aspects of the development of the sphere of preschool education are laid down in the Concept of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020, approved by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 17, 2008 N 1662-r * (83). Among the priority tasks, the Concept outlines an increase in the flexibility and variety of forms of provision of services for the preschool education system, which is designed to provide support and more complete use of the educational potential of families. We also note that by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 07.05.2012 N 599 "On measures to implement state policy in the field of education and science" * (84), the task was set to achieve by 2016 one hundred percent accessibility of preschool education for children aged three up to seven years.
Part 1 of the commented article defines the concept of preschool education. The Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" did not contain a clear definition of this concept, however, it established that preschool institutions are created and operate to help the family in order to raise preschool children, protect and strengthen their physical and mental health, develop individual abilities and the necessary correction of developmental disorders children. The commented Federal Law specifies the goals of preschool education, naming among them: the formation of a general culture; development of physical, intellectual, moral, aesthetic and personal qualities; formation of prerequisites for educational activities; preservation and strengthening of the health of preschool children.
Thus, the emphasis is on the general developmental goal of preschool education. Preschool age is the age of accelerated physical and mental development of a child, the formation of general skills and abilities in him that predetermine his further physical, intellectual, mental development and are basic for the subsequent formation of individual developmental characteristics. The protection and strengthening of the health of preschoolers is also important.
A fairly massive regulatory layer in the field of preschool education is the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. So, in the Kaliningrad region the Law of 10.11.2009 N 388 "On state support of preschool education in the Kaliningrad region" was adopted. This Law, providing for mechanisms of state support for preschool educational organizations, is aimed at the development of municipal-private partnership in the field of preschool education and regulates the forms of such partnership, as well as measures of its financial incentives.
The constituent entities of the Russian Federation are implementing a large number of various regional and municipal short-term and long-term targeted programs aimed at developing a network of preschool educational institutions * (85). When developing and implementing such programs, the goals are set to increase the level of accessibility of preschool education and improve its material and technical component. The programs determine the subjects and objects of the programs, the volumes and sources of funding for the activities within the framework of the programs. Activities may include: reconstruction and construction of buildings for preschool educational institutions; return of previously converted preschool buildings; creation of additional places in preschool educational institutions and groups of preschool children in educational institutions, etc.
In St. Petersburg, there is a special program for the construction and reconstruction of kindergartens * (86). In some constituent entities of the Russian Federation, programs are being implemented that provide for special measures aimed at increasing the number of places in preschool educational institutions * (87). In the Saratov region, measures are being taken to return the objects in which the regional institutions are located to the existing network of preschool educational institutions * (88). It seems that the presence of regional and municipal programs aimed at the development of a network of preschool institutions and provided with appropriate funding, subject to their high-quality implementation, can contribute to an early solution to the problem of a shortage of places in preschool educational institutions and the full realization of citizens' right to preschool education.
In some constituent entities of the Russian Federation, there are program documents that determine the main trends in the development of preschool education in the corresponding territory. Thus, in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Concept for the Development of Preschool Education in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for 2011-2016 * (89) was approved, which contains an analysis of the current state of preschool education in the Republic and determines the target guidelines and predictive component of the further development of the studied area. It should be noted that the Concept not only sets the task of increasing the number of places in preschool institutions in accordance with demographic needs, but also sets meaningful target parameters for the development of this sphere of social relations (for example, the expansion of innovative organizational and pedagogical forms of preschool education; focus on the development of inclusive education and etc.).
Part 2 of the commented article determines the general direction of educational programs for preschool education. The content of education in a preschool educational organization is determined by the educational program of preschool education, which, according to Art. 12 of the commented law is developed, approved and implemented by the educational organization in accordance with the federal state educational standard and taking into account the approximate educational programs of preschool education.
According to the general rules enshrined in Art. 11 of the commented law, federal state educational standards are a set of mandatory requirements for a particular level of education, including those requirements: a) to the structure of the program; b) to the conditions for the implementation of the program; c) to the results of mastering the program. The content of education is directly determined by educational programs; for the level of preschool education - educational programs of preschool education. The state develops model educational programs, which are educational and methodological documentation that determines the recommended volume and content of education of a particular level, the planned results of the development of the program, approximate conditions for educational activities, etc.
According to the commented article, educational programs of preschool education are aimed at the diversified development of preschoolers, taking into account their age and individual characteristics, including their achievement of the level of development necessary and sufficient for the successful development of educational programs of primary general education. At the same time, educational programs for preschool education are built on the basis of an individual approach to preschool children and activities specific to preschool children. Mastering educational programs of preschool education is not accompanied by intermediate certification and final certification of students.
Currently, the federal state educational standard for preschool education is being developed. In addition, the issue of the procedure for the development of approximate basic general education programs, their examination and maintenance of their register is at the stage of elaboration. Obviously, prior to the enactment of the federal state educational standard and the formation of a register of approximate basic general education programs, the implementation of educational programs for preschool education should be guided by the Federal state requirements for the conditions for the implementation of the basic general educational program of preschool education (approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 2151), as well as Federal state requirements for the structure of the main general educational program of preschool education (approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of 23.11.2009, N 655). It should be borne in mind that the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation has developed Methodological Recommendations on the development of the basic general educational program of preschool education (letter of 21.10.2010 N 03-248), an approximate basic general educational program of preschool education "Success" (letter of the Ministry of Education and Science RF dated 22.07.2010 N 03-13).
Thus, the commented Federal Law provides for a standardized approach to teaching in preschool educational organizations, which, given the independence of the development of the educational program of preschool education, makes it possible to adapt training to the individual characteristics and needs of pupils, and also mediates the pedagogical autonomy of educational organizations.
Part 3 of the commented article stipulates the right of parents of minors receiving preschool education in the form of family education to receive methodological, psychological, pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance without charging a fee. According to the Law, such assistance can be provided, including in counseling centers operating at preschool and general education organizations, however, the creation of special counseling centers is not excluded. The federal law assigns the provision of the above types of assistance to the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
This is a new authority of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of preschool education, provided for by the commented Federal Law. The introduction of this power will require its consolidation in the relevant regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In addition, in order to avoid declarativeness of the above-mentioned norms, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation must provide for financial support for the exercise of this authority. We also note that the full functioning of consulting centers in preschool educational organizations and general educational organizations requires regulation in the regulatory acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation of the legal status of such centers and the mechanisms of their interaction with parents.
In some constituent entities of the Russian Federation at the municipal level, there is a practice of regulating the issue of organizing free methodological, diagnostic and consulting assistance to parents who ensure that children receive preschool education in the form of family education. This is due to the fact that the previous legislation on education provided for the authority of local governments to organize and coordinate such assistance to families raising preschool children at home. So, in the Astrakhan region, the administration of the municipal formation "Limansky district" by resolution of 22.03.2011 N 324 approved the Regulation on the organization of methodological, diagnostic, and advisory assistance to families raising children at home. The regulation provides that the organization of such assistance is carried out on the basis of a preschool institution through the integration of the activities of specialists of such a preschool institution (educator, psychologist, speech therapist, social teacher and other specialists) who conduct group and individual lessons with parents raising children at home (lectures, consultations , seminars for parents, etc.).
The practice of setting up counseling centers for parents with preschool children is widespread in many European countries. For example, in Finland there are free kindergartens with free attendance, which are located in the municipal authority. In these kindergartens, parents take care of the children themselves and can receive advice on care and education. In Denmark, Article 11 of the Consolidation Act On Social Services (2007) obliges local administrations to create conditions for citizens to receive preschool education services, including organizing free counseling centers where families and parents can receive qualified assistance in solving any problems related to the upbringing and care of children, including on an anonymous basis.

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