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Publisher: VNIIPO EMERCOM of the Russian Federation
Year of publication: 2002
Pages: 431
The authors-compilers set themselves the task of concentrating in a small manual the maximum of the main provisions of a large number of regulatory documents related to the design of fire automation.
The norms for the design of water and foam AUP are given.
The features of the design of modular and robotic fire extinguishing installations, as well as AUP in relation to high-rise mechanized warehouses are considered.
Particular attention is paid to a detailed statement of the rules for the development of technical specifications for design, the main provisions for the coordination and approval of this assignment are formulated.
The content and procedure for the design of the working draft, including the explanatory note, are spelled out in detail.
The bulk of the training manual and its annexes contain the necessary reference material, in particular, terms and definitions, symbols, recommended normative and technical documentation and technical literature in relation to various types of water and foam AUL, a list of manufacturers of water foam AUP, examples of designing water and foam AUP, including performing calculations and drawing up drawings.
The main provisions of the current domestic regulatory and technical documentation in the field of water-foam AUP are described in detail.
The algorithm of hydraulic calculation of hydraulic networks of AUP, intensity; irrigation, specific flow rate, flow rate and pressure of the distribution pipeline section of water and foam AUP. An algorithm for calculating the specific consumption of water curtains created by general-purpose sprinklers is presented.
The training manual corresponds to the main provisions of the current scientific and technical documentation in the field of AUP and can be useful for training employees of organizations that design automatic fire extinguishing installations. The manual may be of interest to managers of enterprises and engineering and technical personnel specializing in the field of automatic fire protection of facilities.
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Fire extinguishing systems are an integral part of the safety of any facility. They are automatic, autonomous, or can be activated with human participation. But all of them are united by one purpose and common functions. Regardless of the configuration, they must ensure the safety of the facility (room, building, compartment, etc.), therefore, the design of fire extinguishing systems takes place taking into account the rules established by legislative and regulatory enactments. For this, specialists make calculations and determine the characteristics of the object.
Foundations of creation and responsibility
At what stage is it necessary to design a fire extinguishing? Most often, such systems are planned even before the construction of the building. For installation in an existing facility, a system design is created by analogy with a fire alarm.
In most cases, it is developed by the design organization, but sometimes other options are possible. The solution to this issue depends on the complexity of the task and the risks associated with a fire. Responsibility for the design lies with the developer and partly with the customer.
The approval of the project in the state supervisory authorities is not required if there are no deviations from it during the construction process. In other situations, agreement is required.
However, in practice, customers and designers of automatic fire extinguishing systems turn to state supervisory authorities for approval in order to make sure that the planned technical solutions comply with current standards and get a kind of audit before putting the facility into operation.
The project consists of two parts - theoretical and graphic. The first describes the equipment chosen, materials and reasons for this. Decisions are necessarily supported by calculations. For example, for water-foam or water-based fire extinguishing systems, the amount of extinguishing agent sufficient to extinguish and localize the fire is calculated.
To support the design with arguments, the number of system elements (modules, units) is calculated. All this confirms the effectiveness of the planned protection of the object.
The graphic part includes floor plans with an indication of the location of equipment, connection diagrams of system elements, cabling and other communications, in particular, a fire water supply system is of great importance.
Parameters in design
The design of fire extinguishing installations is in many ways an individual process that affects the features of the facility. Before creating it, determine:
- the purpose of the object (public, industrial, residential building, warehouse, etc.);
- structural and planning features of the building;
- availability and placement of communications (power supply, water supply, if necessary, etc.);
- temperature and other features of the environment in a building or room;
- classification of the building by fire and explosion hazard.
The first point is especially important for design, since special rules apply for a particular category of objects. In addition, the choice of equipment and extinguishing agent depends on the purpose of the building. The powder is not suitable for warehouses with rubber products (car tires) or wood. And you should not put out hot coal and many metals with water, despite the effectiveness and popularity of these substances in other cases.
Floor plans when designing clearly indicate the arrangement and amount of equipment. For example, the design of gas fire extinguishing systems and installations always presupposes a certain number of modules for effective operation in case of fire and smoke detection.
If the project is developed before the construction of the facility, then this greatly simplifies the planning of fire extinguishing systems. Then communications (water supply, electrical networks) are calculated so that they ensure the operation of all elements.
If the installation is carried out for a finished building or structure, then the customer provides diagrams and drawings of existing communications for connecting water, foam, gas or water systems to them.
The issue of compatibility also affects the filling of the system. According to the rules, all elements must work harmoniously, and this is proven even at the design stage. If it is necessary to replace a sensor or other device that has ceased to be produced and sold, an analog is selected, preferably, its compatibility should be confirmed in the design organization.
The room temperature drops are measured. This affects the choice of the type of system and the stages of its design. Sometimes the choice of extinguishing agent depends on this, since not all are suitable for extinguishing at low temperatures, but most often this indicator determines the type of sensors and their setting. The design of water and foam automatic fire extinguishing installations takes into account the air temperature in the room when justifying the choice of sprinkler sprinklers.
Classification of buildings will help determine what substances and materials are used and located in the premises. This parameter is in addition to the others, affecting the choice of the type of fire extinguishing systems and their installation sites at the initial stages of design.
Features of the choice of a building lead to the use of gas or after justification in the theoretical part of the documentation.
The main characteristics of fire extinguishing systems, which are taken into account when designing, can be summarized in a single list:
- type of extinguishing agent;
- extinguishing method;
- constructive performance;
- way to launch.
Calculations during the design are made according to the rules and regulations corresponding to a specific type of installation and extinguishing agent. For foam systems and carry out hydraulic tests in accordance with the operational documentation.
The type of system is important for calculating the response times and boundaries of the protected area. Firstly, it allows to determine the efficiency. Secondly, to find out whether people will have time to evacuate from the building or premises. It is known that powder fire extinguishing can harm the human body, just like gas. Calculations for the room under consideration are usually carried out for the most dangerous fire factors.
Features of the design of various systems
Water-based fire extinguishing has many advantages and is widespread. In its favor, the problem of other types of systems can be cited: after installation, the load on their elements increases significantly and does not coincide with the calculations in the theoretical part of the project for various reasons. Then you have to make changes to the project in order to achieve the legality of the re-equipment of the system.
However, this is not typical. Its use is justified in rooms with a large crowd of people, it effectively cools, and the cost of equipment is relatively low.
Foam fire extinguishing, like water, is of the sprinkler and deluge type, depending on the design and the start of operation after the response of the sensors or manual start. Particular attention is paid to the design of the jet shape and the coverage of the protected area.
It is necessary to calculate the optimal diameter of the pipeline in order to ensure the effect of the extinguishing agent on the structural elements. The difference between foam and - conditions of use and maintenance (characteristics of the room, materials and substances in it).
Another practically universal option is powder fire extinguishing. Such systems require careful calculations of the number of modules that must cover the room. Full protection of the object is also ensured by their correct placement, which is included in the design plan.
SECTION 1. NORMS AND RULES FOR DESIGNING WATER AND FOAM AFS1. TRADITIONAL WATER AND FOAM EXTINGUISHING UNITS
2. DESIGN FEATURES OF AUP OF STATIONARY HIGH-ROOM STORAGE WAREHOUSES
3. FEATURES OF DESIGNING FIRE EXTINGUISHING UNITS WITH SPRAYED WATER
4. DESIGN FEATURES OF ROBOTIC FIRE EXTINGUISHING UNITS AND FIRE EXTINGUISHING UNITS WITH STATIONARY REMOTE CONTROLLED MONITORING BANKS
5. PUMPING STATIONS
6. REQUIREMENTS FOR POSITIONING AND MAINTENANCE OF ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT
7. REQUIREMENTS FOR WATER SUPPLY AND PREPARATION OF FOAM SOLUTION
8. REQUIREMENTS FOR AUTOMATIC AND AUXILIARY WATER SUPPLIES
9. REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPELINES
10. POWER SUPPLY OF UNITS
11. ELECTRICAL CONTROL AND SIGNALING
SECTION 2. PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE TASK FOR DESIGNING AUP
1. STUDY OF THE FEATURES OF THE PROTECTED OBJECT
2. GENERAL PROVISIONS ON THE ORDER OF DEVELOPMENT, APPROVAL AND APPROVAL OF THE DESIGN TASK
3. BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR AUP
4. ORDER OF STATEMENT OF THE DESIGN TASK
5. PROCEDURE FOR REGISTRATION OF THE DESIGN JOB
6. LIST OF DOCUMENTATION SUBMITTED BY THE DEVELOPER ORGANIZATION TO THE CUSTOMER ORGANIZATION
SECTION III. PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPING AUP PROJECT
1. JUSTIFICATION OF THE CHOICE OF AUP
2. COMPOSITION OF DESIGN AND ESTIMATE DOCUMENTATION
3. WORKING DRAWINGS
SECTION IV. HYDRAULIC CALCULATION OF WATER AND FOAM EXTINGUISHING UNITS
1. HYDRAULIC CALCULATION OF WATER AND FOAM (LOW AND MEDIUM RATIO) FIRE EXTINGUISHING UNITS
2. DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC CONSUMPTION OF IRRIGATORS FOR CREATION OF WATER CURTAINS
3. PUMPING UNITS
SECTION V. APPROVAL AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXPERTISE OF AUP PROJECTS
1. APPROVAL OF AUP PROJECTS WITH STATE SUPERVISION BODIES
2. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXAMINATION OF AUP PROJECTS
SECTION VI. REGULATORY DOCUMENTS WHICH REQUIREMENTS MUST BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT WHEN DEVELOPING A PROJECT FOR WATER AND FOAM FIRE EXTINGUISHING UNITS
LITERATURE
APPENDIX 1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS FOR WATER AND FOAM AUP
APPENDIX 2 SYMBOLS OF AUP AND THEIR ELEMENTS
APPENDIX 3 DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC FIRE LOAD
APPENDIX 4 LIST OF PRODUCTS SUBJECT TO MANDATORY CERTIFICATION IN THE FIELD OF FIRE SAFETY (means of ensuring fire safety)
APPENDIX 5 MANUFACTURERS OF WATER AND FOAM AUP
APPENDIX 6 TECHNICAL MEANS OF WATER AND FOAM AFS
APPENDIX 7 DIRECTORY OF BASIC PRICES FOR DESIGN WORKS ON FIRE PROTECTION OF OBJECTS
APPENDIX 8 LIST OF BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES, ROOMS AND EQUIPMENT SUBJECT TO PROTECTED BY AUTOMATIC FIRE EXTINGUISHING UNITS
APPENDIX 9 EXAMPLE OF CALCULATION OF A SPRINKLER (DRAINER) DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF WATER AND FOAM AUP
APPENDIX 10 EXAMPLE OF WORKING DESIGN WATER AFS
APPENDIX 11 EXAMPLE OF TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A WORKING PROJECT WATER AUP
APPENDIX 12 EXAMPLE OF A WORKING PROJECT OF A WATER AUP OF THE PRIRELSOVY WAREHOUSE
REFERENCE SECTION
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
Ufa State Aviation Technical University
Department of Fire Safety
Settlement and graphic work
Topic: Calculation of an automatic installation of water fire extinguishing
Supervisor:
assistant of the department
"Fire safety" Gardanova E.V.
Executor
student of group PB-205 centuries
Gafurova R.D.
Gradebook No. 210149
Ufa, 2012
Exercise
In this work, it is necessary to perform an axonometric diagram of an automatic water fire extinguishing system indicating on it the sizes and diameters of pipe sections, the locations of the sprinklers and the necessary equipment.
Carry out a hydraulic calculation for the selected pipeline diameters. Determine the estimated flow rate of the automatic water fire extinguishing installation.
Calculate the pressure that the pumping station should provide and select equipment for the pumping station.
fire extinguishing installation pipeline pressure head
annotation
RGR for the course "Industrial and fire automatics" is aimed at solving specific tasks for the installation and maintenance of fire automatics installations.
This paper shows the ways of applying theoretical knowledge to solve engineering problems on the creation of fire protection systems for buildings.
In the course of work:
studied technical and regulatory documents governing the design, installation and operation of fire extinguishing installations;
the methodology of technological calculations to ensure the required parameters of the fire extinguishing installation is presented;
shows the rules for the application of technical literature and regulatory documents on the creation of fire protection systems.
The implementation of the RGR contributes to the development of students' skills of independent work and the formation of a creative approach to solving engineering problems on the creation of fire protection systems for buildings.
annotation
Introduction
Initial data
Calculation formulas
Basic principles of the fire extinguishing installation
1 The principle of operation of the pumping station
2 The principle of operation of the sprinkler installation
Design of a water fire extinguishing installation. Hydraulic calculation
Equipment selection
Conclusion
Bibliography
Introduction
The most widespread at present are automatic water fire extinguishing systems. They are used on large areas to protect shopping and multifunctional centers, office buildings, sports complexes, hotels, enterprises, garages and parking lots, banks, energy facilities, military facilities and special-purpose facilities, warehouses, residential buildings and cottages.
In my version of the assignment, an object for the production of alcohols, ethers with utility rooms is presented, which, in accordance with clause 20 of Table A.1 of Appendix A of the set of rules 5.13130.2009, regardless of the area, must have an automatic fire extinguishing system. In accordance with the requirements of this table, it is not necessary to equip the rest of the utility rooms of the facility with an automatic fire extinguishing system. Reinforced concrete walls and floors.
The main type of fire load is alcohols and ethers. In accordance with the table, we decide that it is possible to use a foaming agent solution for extinguishing.
The main fire load in an object with a room height of 4 meters comes from the repair area, which, in accordance with the table of Appendix B of the set of rules 5.13130.2009, belongs to the 4.2 group of rooms according to the degree of fire hazard, depending on their functional purpose and the fire load of combustible materials.
The facility does not have rooms of categories A and B for explosion and fire hazard in accordance with SP 5.13130.2009 and explosive zones in accordance with the PUE.
To extinguish possible fires in the facility, taking into account the available combustible load, it is possible to use a foaming agent solution.
To equip the facility for the production of alcohols, ethers, we will choose an automatic sprinkler-type foam fire extinguishing installation filled with a foam concentrate solution. Foaming agents are concentrated aqueous solutions of surfactants (surfactants) designed to obtain special solutions of wetting agents or foam. The use of such foaming agents during extinguishing a fire can significantly reduce the intensity of combustion within 1.5-2 minutes. Methods for influencing the source of ignition depend on the type of foaming agent used in the fire extinguisher, but the basic principles of action are the same for everyone:
due to the fact that the foam has a mass significantly less than the mass of any flammable liquid, it covers the surface of the fuel, thereby suppressing the fire;
the use of water, which is part of the foaming agent, allows the temperature of the fuel to be reduced within a few seconds to the level at which combustion becomes impossible;
the foam effectively prevents the further propagation of hot vapors resulting from the combustion, making reignition virtually impossible.
Due to these features, foaming agents are actively used for fire extinguishing in the petrochemical and chemical industries, where there is a high risk of ignition of flammable and flammable liquids. These substances do not pose a threat to human health or life, and their traces can be easily removed from the premises.
1. Initial data
Hydraulic calculation is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 5.13130.2009 “Fire extinguishing and signaling installations. Norms and design rules "according to the methodology described in Appendix B.
The protected object represents the volume of the room 30x48x4m, in the plan - a rectangle. The total area of the object is 1440 m2.
The initial data for the production of alcohols, ethers in accordance with a certain group of premises are found from table 5.1 of this set of rules of the section "Water and foam fire extinguishing installations":
irrigation intensity - 0.17 l / (s * m2);
area for calculating water consumption - 180 m2;
minimum water consumption of the fire extinguishing installation - 65 l / s;
maximum distance between sprinklers - 3 m;
the selected maximum area controlled by one sprinkler sprinkler is 12m2.
duration of work - 60 min.
To protect the warehouse, we select the sprinkler SPO0-RUo (d) 0.74-R1 / 2 / P57 (68.79.93,141.182). V3- "SPU-15" by "SPETSAVTOMATIKA" with a productivity factor k = 0.74 (according to those sprinkler documentation).
2. Calculation formulas
The estimated water consumption through a dictating sprinkler located in a dictating protected irrigated area is determined by the formula
where q1 is the flow rate of the OTV through the dictating sprinkler, l / s; is the coefficient of productivity of the sprinkler, taken according to the technical documentation for the product, l / (s · MPa0.5);
Р - pressure in front of the sprinkler, MPa.
The flow rate of the first dictating sprinkler is the calculated value of Q1-2 in the section L1-2 between the first and second sprinklers
The diameter of the pipeline in the section L1-2 is assigned by the designer or determined by the formula
where d1-2 is the diameter between the first and second sprinklers of the pipeline, mm; -2 is the OTV flow rate, l / s;
μ - flow coefficient; - water velocity, m / s (should not exceed 10 m / s).
The diameter is increased to the nearest nominal value in accordance with GOST 28338.
The pressure loss P1-2 in the section L1-2 is determined by the formula
where Q1-2 is the total consumption of the OTV of the first and second sprinklers, l / s; t is the specific characteristic of the pipeline, l6 / s2;
A is the specific resistance of the pipeline, depending on the diameter and roughness of the walls, s2 / l6.
Resistivity and specific hydraulic characteristics of pipelines for pipes (made of carbon materials) of various diameters are given in Table B.1<#"606542.files/image005.gif">
The hydraulic characteristic of the rows, made structurally the same, is determined by the generalized characteristic of the calculated section of the pipeline.
The generalized characteristic of row I is determined from the expression
The pressure loss in the section a-b for symmetric and asymmetric circuits is found by the formula.
The pressure at point b will be
Pb = Pa + Pa-b.
Water consumption from row II is determined by the formula
The calculation of all subsequent rows until the calculated (actual) water consumption and the corresponding pressure are obtained, we carry out the same way as for row II.
We calculate symmetrical and asymmetrical ring schemes similarly to a dead-end network, but at 50% of the estimated water flow for each half ring.
3. Basic principles of the fire extinguishing installation
An automatic fire extinguishing installation consists of the following main elements: an automatic fire extinguishing pumping station with a system of inlet (suction) and supply (pressure) pipelines; - control units with a system of supply and distribution pipelines with installed sprinkler sprinklers.
1 The principle of operation of the pumping station
During standby operation, the supply and distribution pipelines of sprinkler installations are constantly filled with water and are under pressure, which ensures constant readiness to extinguish a fire. The jockey pump turns on when the pressure alarm is triggered.
In the event of a fire, when the pressure on the jockey pump (in the supply pipeline) drops, when the pressure alarm is triggered, a working fire pump is turned on, providing full flow. At the same time, when the fire pump is turned on, a fire alarm signal is sent to the fire safety system of the facility.
If the electric motor of the working fire pump does not turn on or the pump does not provide the design pressure, then after 10 s the electric motor of the backup fire pump is turned on. The impulse to turn on the backup pump is supplied from the pressure indicator installed on the pressure pipe of the working pump.
When the working fire pump is turned on, the jockey pump is automatically turned off. After the elimination of the fire source, the water supply to the system is stopped manually, for which the fire pumps are turned off and the valve in front of the control unit is closed.
3.2 Principle of operation of the sprinkler system
When a fire occurs in the room protected by the sprinkler section and the air temperature rises above 68 "C, the thermal lock (glass bulb) of the sprinkler sprinkler is destroyed. The water in the distribution pipelines under pressure pushes the valve that closes the outlet of the sprinkler, and it opens. Water from the sprinkler sprinkler enters the room; the pressure in the network drops.When the pressure drops by 0.1 MPa, the pressure alarms installed on the pressure pipeline are triggered, an impulse is given to turn on the working pump.
The pump takes water from the city water supply network, bypassing the water metering unit, and supplies it to the pipeline system of the fire extinguishing installation. In this case, the jockey pump is automatically turned off. When a fire breaks out on one of the floors, the liquid flow alarms duplicate the signals about the activation of the water fire extinguishing installation (thereby identifying the place of fire) and at the same time turn off the power supply system of the corresponding floor.
Simultaneously with the automatic activation of the fire extinguishing system in the fire post with round-the-clock presence of operational personnel, signals are transmitted about fire, turning on the pumps and starting the installation in the appropriate direction. In this case, the light alarm is accompanied by sound.
4. Design of a water fire extinguishing installation. Hydraulic calculation
The hydraulic calculation is performed for the most remote and high-lying ("dictating") sprinkler from the condition of operation of all sprinklers farthest from the water feeder and mounted on the calculated area.
We outline the routing of the pipeline network and the layout of the sprinklers and highlight the dictating protected irrigated area on the hydraulic plan of the AUP, on which the dictating sprinkler is located and carry out the hydraulic calculation of the AUP.
Determination of the estimated water consumption in the protected area.
Determination of the flow rate and pressure before the "dictating sprinkler" (flow rate at point 1 in the diagram in Appendix 1) is determined by the formula:
= k √ H
The consumption of the "dictating" sprinkler must ensure the standard intensity of irrigation, therefore:
min = I * S = 0.17 * 12 = 2.04 l / s, thus Q1 ≥ 2.04 l / s
Note. When calculating, it is necessary to take into account the number of sprinklers that protect the calculated area. On a calculated area of 180 m2, there are 4 rows of 5 and 4 sprinklers, the total flow rate must be at least 60 l / s (see table 5.2 SP 5.13130.2009 for 4.2 group of premises). Thus, when calculating the head in front of the "dictating" sprinkler, it is necessary to take into account that in order to ensure the minimum required flow rate of the fire extinguishing installation, the flow rate (and therefore the pressure) of each sprinkler will have to be increased. That is, in our case, if the flow rate from the sprinkler is taken equal to 2.04 l / s, then the total flow rate of 18 sprinklers will be approximately 2.04 * 18 = 37 l / s, and taking into account the different pressure in front of the sprinklers it will be slightly more, but this value does not correspond to the required flow rate of 65 l / s. Thus, it is necessary to select the head in front of the sprinkler so that the total flow rate of 18 sprinklers located on the calculated area is more than 65 l / s. For this: 65/18 = 3.611, i.e. the flow rate of the dictating sprinkler must be more than 3.6 l / s. Having carried out several variants of calculations in the draft, we determine the required pressure in front of the "dictating" sprinkler. In our case, H = 24 m.w. = 0.024 MPa.
(1) = k √ H = 0.74√24 = 3.625 l / s;
Let's calculate the diameter of the pipeline in a row using the following formula:
Whence we get at a water flow rate of 5 m / s, the value d = 40 mm and take the value of 50 mm for the margin.
Head loss in section 1-2: dH (1-2) = Q (1) * Q (1) * l (1-2) / Km = 3.625 * 3.625 * 6/110 = 0.717 m.w. = 0.007MPa;
To determine the flow rate from the 2nd sprinkler, we calculate the pressure in front of the 2nd sprinkler:
H (2) = H (1) + dH (1-2) = 24 + 0.717 = 24.717 m.w.
Consumption from the 2nd sprinkler: Q (2) = k √ H = 0.74√24.717 = 3.679 l / s;
Head loss in section 2-3: dH (2-3) = (Q (1) + Q (2)) * (Q (1) + Q (2)) * l (2-3) / Km = 7.304 * 7.304 * 1.5 / 110 = 0.727 m. In. with;
Head at point 3: H (3) = H (2) + dH (2-3) = 24.717 + 0.727 = 25.444 m.w.s;
The total consumption of the right branch of the first row is Q1 + Q2 = 7.304 l / s.
Since the right and left branches of the first row are structurally the same (2 sprinklers), the flow rate of the left branch will also be equal to 7.304 l / s. The total consumption of the first row is Q I = 14.608 l / s.
Consumption in point 3 is divided in half, since the supply pipeline is made dead-end. Therefore, when calculating the head losses in section 4-5, the flow rate of the first row will be taken into account. Q (3-4) = 14.608 l / s.
We will take the value d = 150 mm for the main pipeline.
Head loss in section 3-4:
(3-4) = Q (3) * Q (3) * l (3-4) / Km = 14.608 * 14.608 * 3/36920 = 0.017 m.v. with;
Head at point 4: Н (4) = Н (3) + dH (3-4) = 25.444 + 0.017 = 25.461 m.v. with;
To determine the flow rate of the 2nd row, it is necessary to determine the coefficient B:
That is, B = Q (3) * Q (3) / H (3) = 8.39
Thus, the consumption of the 2nd row is:
II = √8, 39 * 24.918 = 14.616 l / s;
Total flow rate from 2 rows: QI + QII = 14.608 + 14.616 = 29.224 l / s;
Similarly, I find (4-5) = Q (4) * Q (4) * l (4-5) / Km = 29.224 * 29.224 * 3/36920 = 0.069 m.v. with;
Head at point 5: H (5) = H (4) + dH (4-5) = 25.461 + 0.069 = 25.53 m.v. with;
Since the next 2 rows are asymmetric, we find the flow rate of the 3rd row as follows:
That is, B = Q (1) * Q (1) / H (4) = 3.625 * 3.625 / 25.461 = 0.516left = √0.516 * 25.53 = 3.629 l / s; (5) = 14.616 +3.629 = 18.245 l / s = Q (5) * Q (5) / H (5) = 13.04III = √13.04 * 25.53 = 18.24 l / s;
Total consumption of 3 rows: Q (3 rows) = 47.464 l / s;
Head loss in section 5-6: (5-6) = Q (6) * Q (6) * l (5-6) / Km = 47.464 * 47.464 * 3/36920 = 0.183 m.v. with;
Head at point 6: H (6) = H (5) + dH (5-6) = 25.53 + 0.183 = 25.713 m.v. with;
IV = √13.04 * 25.713 = 18.311 l / s;
Total consumption of 4 rows: Q (4 rows) = 65.775 l / s;
Thus, the design flow is 65.775 l / s, which meets the requirements of regulatory documents> 65 l / s.
The required head at the beginning of the installation (near the fire pump) is calculated from the following components:
pressure in front of the "dictating" sprinkler;
head loss in the distribution pipeline;
head loss in the supply pipeline;
head loss in the control unit;
the difference between the marks of the pump and the "dictating" sprinkler.
Head loss in the control unit:
.water.st,
The required head, which the pumping unit must provide, is determined by the formula:
tr = 24 + 4 + 8.45 + (9.622) * 0.2 + 9.622 = 47.99 m.w. = 0.48 MPa
Total water consumption for sprinkler fire extinguishing: (4 rows) = 65.775 l / s = 236.79 m3 / h
Required head:
tr = 48 m.w. = 0.48 MPa
5. Choice of equipment
The calculations were carried out taking into account the selected sprinkler SPOO-RUOO, 74-R1 / 2 / R57.VZ- "SPU-15" -bronze with an outlet diameter of 15 mm.
Taking into account the specifics of the facility (a unique multifunctional building with a massive stay of people), a complex pipeline system of the internal fire-fighting water supply, the pumping unit is selected with a supply head margin.
The extinguishing time is 60 minutes, that is, it is necessary to supply 234,000 liters of water.
The design solution chooses the Irtysh-TsMK 150 / 400-55 / 4 pump, the speed of 1500 rpm, which has a margin of both H = 48 m.w. and Q. pump = 65 m.
The pump performance is shown in the figure.
Conclusion
This RGR contains the results of the studied design techniques for automatic fire extinguishing installations, and the calculations necessary for the design of an automatic fire extinguishing installation.
Based on the results of the hydraulic calculation, the location of the sprinklers was determined in order to achieve a water flow rate for fire extinguishing in the protected area - 65 l / s. To ensure the normative intensity of irrigation, a head of 48 m of water column will be required.
The equipment for the installations was selected based on the standard minimum value of the irrigation intensity, the calculated values of the flow rate and the required pressure.
Bibliography
1 SP 5.13130.2009. Automatic fire alarm and extinguishing installations. Norms and rules of design.
Federal Law No. 123 - FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" dated July 22, 2008
Design of water and foam automatic fire extinguishing installations / L.M. Meshman, S.G. Tsarichenko, V.A. Bylinkin, V.V. Aleshin, R. Yu. Gubin; under the general ed. N.P. Kopylova. - M: VNIIPO EMERCOM of the Russian Federation, 2002.-413 p.
Firefighting equipment manufacturers websites
This is the most critical stage of work, preceding the direct installation of a water fire extinguishing system. To draw up a correct project, you need to know all the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the equipment for each room. It is also necessary to accurately calculate the results of the interaction of the fire extinguishing system with other engineering networks (different consoles and sensors must have different power sources, the water supply system must have a backup pump, redundant systems and other points).
The safety of material values and people's lives depends on the successful completion of this stage. Moreover, if a mistake is made in the project, then even the best editing may be useless. You cannot save here, but no one wants to spend too much either. Therefore, let's take a look at the installation and selection of a water fire extinguishing system.
Types of water fire extinguishing systems.
The whole range of water fire extinguishing systems popular today can be divided into two parts: sprinkler and deluge. The former are best suited for suppressing localized fires in various premises. The latter work better at preventing the spread of the resulting fire.
Sprinkler water fire extinguishing systems are simpler in design, therefore they are easier to install and put into operation. Also, these devices are highly reliable due to the simplicity of the actuation mechanism (the valve is deformed from overheating and water begins to flow into the room).