Hello! please help me figure it out. Our HOA changed the Criminal Code. The new Criminal Code charges us a fee for hot water, referring to the methodology from Resolution No. 354 .. The fee for hot water supply in our receipts is divided into two parts individual consumption and ONE and consists of 2 lines: HOV and heating. There are no problems with the first line in individual consumption .. there is the volume (according to the meter in the apartment) and the tariff ... but heating (i.e. the number of Kcal for heating) they calculate based on the total house water consumption (according to the house meter) and calculate the proportion of my calories based on the volume of HOV in my counter. It turns out 0.74 calories (for my 6 cubes) and the fee per line for individual consumption in new receipts has doubled. The previous company calculated it easier, they just took my HOV consumption by the meter and multiplied by the approved standard for heating 1 cube of water 0.0615. and the difference between the general consumption of the house and the amount according to the meters of the tenant was scattered in the part of the ODN in proportion to the area. In the new receipts, the basement with ONE is reset to zero ... that is, as I understand it, new company we all together consider not dividing common house needs and intra-apartment needs .. or am I mistaken?
I revised Resolution 354 ... and did not find there a formula by which hot water supply should be calculated in apartment buildings with centralized water supply (open circuit) .. help me figure it out .. are the actions of the new Criminal Code legal? Thank you!
Hello Natalia!
To begin with, as our President Vladimir Putin likes to say, "let's separate flies from cutlets: flies - separately, cutlets - separately!"
In our case, "cutlets" we will have a hot water supply (DHW) scheme for your house, and "flies" - what and how the new Criminal Code considers. We will deal with "flies" in the second stage.
To begin with, we will deal with the "cutlets":
Please specify:
At the beginning of the letter you write: "... The payment for hot water supply in our receipts ... consists of 2 lines: HOV and heating ...".
As far as I know and understand the heat and power engineering of housing and communal services, such a division of the payment for hot water supply is applied with a CLOSED heat supply system - in which two pipelines (direct and reverse) heat supply (heating) go from your district boiler room (or from a CHP), and the water for hot water supply is heated partly heating water in water heaters (boilers) located in each house (or group of houses).
Is there a DHW boiler in your home?
Regarding payment for DHW with a CLOSED heating system: regulatory and technical documents allow two methods of calculating and paying for DHW, depending on which method is more suitable for the specific conditions of the city, from the settlement system adopted in the city between house management companies, Teploenergo and Vodokanal, or which is more "liked" by the authorities and accountants.
First:
the payment is taken under the item "hot water supply", which includes the amount of payment for heat received from the boiler house and spent in the boiler for water heating plus payment for cold water supplied by Vodokanal and then heated in the boiler and consumed by residents. Then this payment from all residents, received by the house management company, is divided by the accounting department between Teploenergo and Vodokanal according to the rules known to them.
Second:
the fee is taken under two articles:
- "hot water supply" is a payment for heat received from the boiler room and spent in the boiler for heating water. As a rule, this money goes directly to Teploenergo without any "shrinkage" in the management company;
- “cold water for hot water supply” - payment for water supplied by Vodokanal and then heated in a boiler and consumed by residents. As a rule, this money goes directly to Vodokanal without any "shrinkage" in the management company.
If there is a payment for "cold water for hot water supply", then the payment for "hot water supply" should decrease by the same amount.
However, at the end of the letter you write: "... I did not find in Resolution No. 354 ... the formula according to which hot water supply in MKD houses with centralized hot water supply should be calculated (open scheme)"
OPEN DHW system is a system when water for DHW purposes is heated in a boiler room (CHP), goes through a separate pipeline and then is distributed to MKD water taps. In this case, the payment for hot water supply is determined in accordance with clauses 1 (for an apartment equipped with an individual meter) and 10, 13 (for an ONE in a house with a common meter) of Appendix 2 “Calculation of the amount of payment for utilities"Resolution No. 354.
Which DHW system in your house is CLOSED or OPEN?
Natalia! Let's move on to the flies.
Unfortunately, according to the figures and arguments presented by you, without having before your eyes (in your hands) the texts of your letter to the Criminal Code demanding to provide you with written explanations on the problem with calculating the payment for hot water supply and the corresponding answers of the Criminal Code, it is very difficult to give you an intelligible answer.
If you did not write such a letter, demand that the Criminal Code provide you with explanations on the basis of which documents the calculations were made, indicating their names, articles and paragraphs, including calculations according to the forms of the corresponding paragraphs 1, 10, 13 (or others, according to who made the calculations?) Appendix 2 "Calculation of the amount of payment for utilities" of Resolution No. 354.
In your letter, please refer to Housing Code RF, "Standard of information disclosure by organizations operating in the field of management of apartment buildings" (approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 23, 2010 No. 731), as well as on clause 31 "Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings" houses and residential buildings "(approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 of May 6, 2011):
“… 31. The contractor is obliged:
... e) to carry out DIRECTLY WHEN THE CONSUMER REQUESTS the correctness of calculation of the amount of utility bills presented to the consumer for payment, debt or overpayment of the consumer for utility bills, ... and immediately, based on the results of the inspection, issue documents to the consumer containing correctly calculated payments. The documents issued to the consumer at his request must be certified by the signature of the head and the seal of the executor "
The course of our further considerations and actions will depend on your answers.
Good luck with your DHW payment!
answer from Kalnin Yuri
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Uv. Yuri, hello! Thanks for your reply. There are no boilers in our house. We have an open hot water supply system throughout the Avtozavodsky district. And in many companies, hot water supply is divided into two lines: HOV and heating. (my mother lives in the next quarter of the 9th floor, they have DHW in one line in the MKD .. tariff 109, / 83 r \ m3) answer from Natalia Hello Natalia! I understood this: Avtozavodskaya district - is this a region of Togliatti ?, since from the years you mentioned. Samara and Togliatti The Avtozavodskaya district is only in Togliatti. From pleasant memories of youth, let's move on to business. While delving into your numbers. Something I can not "cut" into the "methodology" of the chairman of the board of your HOA. She's kind of cunning. It would be nice to have before your eyes a payment document (invoice-receipt). Request - to apply in letters only generally accepted formulations and abbreviations of technical values used in laws and NTD on housing and communal services. I will also get acquainted with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 8, 2012 No. 1149 mentioned by you, the tariffs of the Tevis heat and power company, the order of the Ministry of the Samara Region No. 418 and other documents of the housing and communal services of Togliatti. I know of such a document: “ Guidelines(МР) on the calculation and collection of payments from the population for housing and communal services "Gosstroy, LLC" Scientific Consulting Center for Housing and Communal Services "(" NCC Housing and Communal Services ") Moscow 2003, and in it paragraph 3.3" Heating and hot water supply ". Natalia! Do you think it expedient and convenient to continue the exchange of information and consultations on hot water supply (and on other issues of housing and communal services) by email. addresses? If you kindly ask the administration of this site (E-mail [email protected]) send me your email address, I will answer you and you will have my address - it will be more convenient than asking and answering on housing and communal services. And once again I repeat my opinion - if you want to achieve success, conduct all business communication with housing and communal services and the authorities in writing (or by e-mail). answer from Kalnin Yuri |
In the near future, residents will start paying for hot water according to a new principle: separately for the water itself and separately for its heating.
So far, the new rules are already being used by enterprises and organizations, while the old accounting department remains for the residents. Due to the communal confusion, the housing and communal services refuse to pay to the heat and power engineers. Fontanka understood the complexities of the two-component tariff.
Before
Until 2014, the population and business structures paid for hot water in the following way. For the calculation, it was necessary to know only the consumed amount of cubic meters. It was multiplied by the tariff and by the figure artificially derived by officials - 0.06 Gcal. It is precisely this amount of thermal energy, according to their calculations, that is needed to heat one cubic meter of water. As Irina Bugoslavskaya, Deputy Chairperson of the Tariff Committee, told Fontanka, the indicator “0.06 Gcal” was derived from the following data: the temperature of the hot water provided should be 60 - 75 degrees, the temperature of the cold one used to prepare hot water should be 15 degrees in winter, 5 degrees in summer. According to Bugoslavskaya, the officials of the committee made several thousand measurements, removing information from metering devices - the artificially derived figure was confirmed.
In connection with the use of this method of payment, there was a problem associated with risers and heated towel rails connected to the hot water supply system. They heat the air, that is, they consume Gcal. From October to April, this heat energy is added to heating, but they cannot do this in summer. For a year now, a system has been in effect in St. Petersburg, according to which payments for heat supply can be collected only during the heating season. In this regard, unaccounted heat is generated.
Solution
In May 2013, federal officials came up with a way out of the situation of unrecorded heating with heated towel rails and risers. For this, it was decided to introduce a two-component tariff. Its essence lies in separate payment cold water and its heating - thermal energy.
There are two types of heating systems. One implies that the hot water pipe departs from the one that is intended for heating, the other implies that for hot water water is taken from the cold water supply system and heated.
If hot water is taken from the same pipe as heating, then payment for it will be calculated taking into account the costs associated with chemical treatment, staff salaries, equipment maintenance. If cold water is taken from the State Unitary Enterprise "Vodokanal of St. Petersburg" for heating, then the payment for it is taken according to the tariff - now it is a little more than 20 rubles.
Heating tariff is calculated based on how much resources were spent on heat production.
Confused dwellings
On January 1, 2014, a two-component tariff was introduced for consumers who do not belong to the “population” group, that is, for organizations and enterprises. In order for the townspeople to be able to pay according to the new principle, it is necessary to amend the regulations. Pay by new system prohibit the rules for the provision of utilities. Since residents are still paying old scheme, housing organizations serving houses where non-residential premises are present got a new headache.
Charging for hot water supply consists of two parts, or components, each of which is highlighted in a separate line in the receipt - DHW and DHW heating. This is due to the fact that in the houses of the Academichesky, water is prepared directly by the management company in the individual heating points of each house. In the process of preparing hot water, two types of communal resources are used - cold water and heat energy.
The first component, the so-called
DHW supply- this is directly the volume of water that passed through the hot water meter and was consumed in the room in a month. Or, if the readings were not taken, or the meter turned out to be faulty or the verification period has expired - the volume of water determined by calculation according to the average or the standard for the number of prescribed ones .. The procedure for calculating the volume of DHW supply is exactly the same as for To calculate the cost of this service, the tariff for cold water is applied, since in this case it is cold water that is purchased from the supplier.Second component,
DHW heating- this is the amount of thermal energy that was spent to heat the volume of cold water provided to the apartment to the hot temperature. This amount is determined based on the readings of the general house heat energy meter.In general, the amount of payment for hot water supply is calculated using the following formula:
P i gv = Vi gv × T xv+ (V v cr × Vi gv/ ∑ Vi rv × T v cr)
Vi gv- the volume of hot water consumed during the billing period (month) in an apartment or non-residential premises
T xv- cold water tariff
V v cr- the volume of heat energy used during the billing period for heating cold water in the case of independent production of hot water management company
∑ Vi gv- the total volume of hot water consumed during the billing period in all rooms of the house
T v cr- tariff for thermal energy
Calculation example:
Suppose the consumption of hot water in the apartment for a month is 7 m 3. The consumption of hot water in the whole house is 465 m 3. The amount of heat energy spent on heating hot water supply according to the general house metering device - 33.5 Gcal
7 m 3 * 33.3 rubles. + (33.5 Gcal * 7 m 3/465 m 3 * 1331.1 rubles) = 233.1 + 671.3 = 904.4 rubles,
Of which:
RUB 233.1 - payment for actual water consumption (DHW line in the receipt)
671.3 - payment for heat energy spent on heating water to the required temperature (line for DHW heating in the receipt)
IN this example to heat one cube of hot water, 0.072 gigacalories of thermal energy were spent.
IN A value showing how many gigacalories were required to heat 1 cubic meter of water in billing period called DHW heating coefficient
The heating coefficient is not the same from month to month and largely depends on the following parameters:
Cold water supply temperature. IN different time the year the temperature of cold water is from +2 to +20 degrees. Accordingly, in order to heat the water to the required temperature, you will have to spend different amount thermal energy.
The total volume of water consumed per month in all areas of the house. This value is largely influenced by the number of apartments that have passed readings in the current month, recalculations and, in general, the discipline of taking readings by residents.
Heat energy consumption for hot water circulation. The circulation of water in the pipes occurs continuously, including during the hours of minimum draw-off. That is, for example, at night hot water is practically not used by residents, but thermal energy for heating water is still consumed to maintain the required temperature of hot water in heated towel rails and at the entrances to apartments. This rate is especially high in new, sparsely populated houses and stabilizes with an increase in the number of residents.
Average values of DHW heating coefficients for each block are given in the section "Tariffs and calculated coefficients"
With the advent of cold weather, many Russians are worried about how to pay for utilities. For example, To How to calculate hot water and how often you should pay for these services. To answer all these questions, you first need to clarify whether a water meter is installed in this dwelling. If the meter is installed, then the calculation is made according to a certain scheme.
The first thing to do is to look at the receipt for utility services, which came last month. In this document, you should find the column in which the amounts of water consumed for the last month are indicated, we need figures with indicators at the end of the last reporting period.
The first thing to do is to look at the receipt for utility services, which came last month
After these readings are written out, they should be entered into a new document. In this case it comes on receipts for payment of utility bills for the next reporting period. As you can see, the answers to the questions, how to calculate the cost of hot water by the meter, how to determine its consumption, are quite simple. It is necessary to timely and correctly take all the readings of the water meter.
By the way, many management companies themselves enter the above information into the payment document. In this case, you do not have to look for data in old receipts. It is also necessary to remember that in situations where the water meter has just been installed and these are the first readings, the previous ones will be zeros.
The initial readings of some modern meters may not contain zeros, but some other digits.
I would also like to clarify that the initial readings of some modern meters may not contain zeros, but some other digits. In this case, in the receipt in the column where you need to indicate the previous readings, you need to leave exactly these numbers.
The process of searching for previous meter readings is very important if you need to understand the question of how to calculate hot water from the meter. Without these data, it will not be possible to correctly calculate how many cubic meters of water was used in this reporting period.
So, before starting to study the question of how to calculate the cost of hot water, you should learn how to take readings from a water meter.
Meter designations
Almost all modern counters have a scale with a minimum of 8 digits. The first 5 of which are black, while the second 3 are red.
Important
It is important to understand that only the first 3 digits are displayed on the receipt, which are black. Because this is the data of cubic meters, and it is according to them that the cost of water is calculated. But the data that is colored red is liters. They do not need to be indicated on receipts. Although these data make it possible to estimate how many liters of water a particular family consumes for a certain reporting period. Thus, you can understand whether it is worth saving on this good or whether the expense is within the normal range. And of course, you can determine how much water is spent on taking bath procedures, and how much on washing dishes, and so on.
It is important to understand that only the first 3 digits are displayed on the receipt, which are black.
In order to correctly figure out how to calculate the tariff for hot water, you should know on which day of the month the readings of this device are taken. Here, you need to remember that the data from the water meter must be taken at the end of each reporting period, after which they must be transferred to the appropriate authority. This can be done through a phone call or over the Internet.
On a note! It should be remembered that the figures are always indicated at the beginning of the reporting period (that is, those that were withdrawn last month) and at the end (these are those that are withdrawn now).
This regulation is spelled out in the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011, its number 354.
How to calculate the correct service?
It is no secret that the legislation of our country is constantly changing, in connection with which citizens begin to worry about the question of how to calculate hot water or any other utility costs.
If we talk specifically about water, then here one should take into account the fact that payment consists of certain terms:
- indicators of the water meter, which is located in the room and controls the flow of cold water;
- meter readings that show the consumption of hot water in a given apartment;
- indicators of the device, which calculates the consumption of cold water for all tenants;
- meter data that monitors the consumption of residents of the house, it is installed in the basement of the house;
- the share of a particular apartment in the total cost;
- the share to which a particular apartment in this house corresponds.
The penultimate indicator is the most incomprehensible, although in fact everything is quite accessible. It is taken into account when determining the amount of the resource that was spent on everyone. It is also called “common house needs”. This, incidentally, also applies to the last indicator, it is calculated when the general needs of the house are calculated.
Hot water consumption calculation
As for the first two indicators, they are quite understandable. They depend on the tenants themselves, because a person himself can choose to save the consumption of a particular resource for himself or not. But in other cases, it all depends on how often wet cleaning is performed at the entrance of the house, on the number of riser leaks, and so on.
The worst thing about this system of payments is that almost all of the general household needs are fictitious. Indeed, in every house there are tenants who incorrectly indicate their individual indicators, or, for example, one person is registered in their apartment, but five live. Then the general needs of the house should have been calculated on the basis that 3 people live in apartment No. 5, and not 1. In this case, everyone else would have to pay a little less. As you can see, the question of how to calculate hot water still needs careful research.
That is why our officials are still trying to figure out how to calculate the payment for hot water and which mechanism would be the most successful.
Does everyone have the same tariffs?
To save money, you must always screw on the tap, if in this moment it is not necessary to use water
To do this, just go to the site of the management company or just call there. Also, such information is contained on the receipt that comes to each tenant.
After these data are found, the cost of the spent cubic meters of the resource should be calculated. Further, it is quite simple to calculate the payment for hot water, this is done in the same way as in the case of all other resources. You should take the amount of spent cubic meters and multiply by a specific tariff.
It should be noted that today there are many ways how you can save hot water consumption, thereby reducing your costs of paying for it. To do this, you can use special nozzles on the faucet, they will help not spray water so much and control the pressure power. Also, you should not open the tap valve at full strength, so the jet will go under less pressure, but the water will not scatter in all directions. And of course, you always need to screw on the tap, if at the moment it is not necessary to use water. For example, when a person brushes his teeth or washes his hair (while the head is soaped or smeared Toothbrush, the tap with water can be closed).
All these tips will help to reduce the cost of paying for hot or cold water, thereby helping to correctly calculate the consumption of hot water.
Difference between hot and cold water calculations
Of course, there are many flaws in this formula, as in the one that takes into account the consumption of hot water. Due to the fact that general house indicators are taken into account, it is difficult to control where the difference between the individual indicators of all residents and the data that was taken from the water meter installed on the house went. Perhaps everything is really so, and all this water was used to clean the entrance. But this is hard to believe. Of course, there are tenants who deceive the state and give incorrect data, but there are also errors in the operation of the pipeline system itself (the sewers in most houses are old and can leak, so the water goes nowhere).
Hot water bill
For a long time, our government has been thinking about how to correctly calculate hot and cold water and how to improve the existing mechanism.
For example, in 2013, our authorities came to the conclusion that it is necessary to establish standard norms for general household needs and it is these data that should be taken into account when calculating the cost of one cubic meter of water. This helped a little to curb the zeal of our management companies and help the citizens of the country. You can find out these numbers from the management company. But this applies only to those cases when the tenants have entered into an agreement with the management company. If we are talking about Vodokanal, then here in every locality a separate fixed minimum payment will be established. And, for example, an overpayment in this reporting period can cover the costs in the next one.
As you can see, there is a whole scheme that makes it clear how to calculate the heating of hot water or how to calculate how much to pay for the consumption of cold water.
Calculation of the cost of heat energy for heating 1 sq. meters total area in 2017:
January-April 0.0366 Gcal / sq. m * 1197.50 rubles / Gcal = 43.8285 rubles / sq. m.
May 0.0122 Gcal / sq. m * 1197.50 rubles / Gcal = 14.6095 rubles / sq. m
October 0.0322 * 1211.33 rubles / Gcal = 39.0048 rubles / sq. m.
November-December 0.0366 Gcal / sq. m * 1211.33 rubles / Gcal = 44.3347 rubles / sq.m
Calculation of the cost of the service for hot water supply for 1 person in 2017:
January-June 0.2120 Gcal / per person per month * 1197.50 rubles / Gcal = 253.87 rubles / person.
July-December 0.2120 Gcal / for 1 person per month * 1211.33 rubles / Gcal = 256.80 rubles / person
Calculation of the cost of services for hot water supply according to DHW meter in 2017:
January - June 0.0467 Gcal / m3 m * 1197.50 rubles / Gcal = 55.9233 rubles / cubic meter m.
July-December 0.0467 Gcal / m3 m * 1211.33 rubles / Gcal = 56.5691 rubles / cubic meter m
2016 year
Calculation of the cost of heat energy for heating 1 sq. meters of total area in 2016:
January-April 0.0366 Gcal / sq. m * 1170.57 rubles / Gcal = 42.8429 rubles / sq. m.
May 0.0122 Gcal / sq. m * 1170.57 rubles / Gcal = 14.2810 rubles / sq.m
October 0.0322 * 1197.50 rubles / Gcal = 38.5595 rubles / sq. m.
November-December 0.0366 Gcal / sq. m * 1197.50 rubles / Gcal = 43.8285 rubles / sq.m
Calculation of the cost of the service for hot water supply for 1 person in 2016:
January-June 0.2120 Gcal / per person per month * 1170.57 rubles / Gcal = 248.16 rubles / person.
July-December 0.2120 Gcal / for 1 person per month * 1197.50 rubles / Gcal = 253.87 rubles / person.
Calculation of the cost of the service for hot water supply according to the DHW meter in 2016:
January - June 0.0467 Gcal / m3 m * 1170.57 rubles / Gcal = 54.6656 rubles / cubic meter m
July-December 0.0467 Gcal / m3 m * 1197.50 rubles / Gcal = 55.9233 rubles / cubic meter m
2015 year
Calculation of the cost of heat energy for heating 1 sq. meters of total area in 2015:
Heating consumption rate * Thermal energy tariff = the cost of thermal energy for heating 1 sq. m:
January-April 0.0366 Gcal / sq. m * 990.50 rubles / Gcal = 36.2523 rubles / sq.m
May 0.0122 Gcal / sq. m * 990.50 rubles / Gcal = 12.0841 rubles / sq.m
October 0.0322 * 1170.57 rubles / Gcal = 37.6924 rubles / sq. m.
November-December 0.0366 Gcal / sq. m * 1170.57 rubles / Gcal = 42.8429 rubles / sq.m
Calculation of the cost of the service for hot water supply for 1 person in 2015:
DHW consumption rate * Heat tariff = cost of DHW service for 1 person
An example of calculating the cost of a hot water supply service for 1 person with a complete improvement of an apartment (number of storeys from 1 to 10, equipped with a sink, washbasin, bathtub 1500-1700 mm long with a shower) in the absence of hot water meters:
January-June 0.2120 Gcal / per person per month * 990.50 rubles / Gcal = 209.986 rubles / person
July-December 0.2120 Gcal / for 1 person per month * 1170.57 rubles / Gcal = 248.1608 rubles / person.
Calculation of the cost of the service for hot water supply according to the DHW meter in 2015:
The rate of heat energy consumption for heating is 1 cubic meter. m of water * Tariff for heat energy = cost of the service for heating 1 cu. m
January - June 0.0467 Gcal / m3 m * 990.50 rubles / Gcal = 46.2564 rubles / cubic meter m
July-December 0.0467 Gcal / m3 m * 1170.57 rubles / Gcal = 54.6656 rubles / cubic meter m
year 2014
Calculation of the cost of heat energy for heating 1 sq. meters of total area in 2014:
Heating consumption rate * Thermal energy tariff = the cost of thermal energy for heating 1 sq. m:
January-April 0.0366 Gcal / sq. m * 934.43 rubles / Gcal = 34.2001 rubles / sq.m
May 0.0122 Gcal / sq. m * 934.43 rubles / Gcal = 11.4000 rubles / sq.m
October 0.0322 Gcal / sq. m * 990.50 rubles / Gcal = 31.8941 rubles / sq. m
November - December 0.0366 Gcal / sq. m * 990.50 rubles / Gcal = 36.2523 rubles / sq.m
Calculation of the cost of services for hot water supply for 1 person in 2014:
DHW consumption rate * Heat tariff = cost of DHW service for 1 person
An example of calculating the cost of a hot water supply service for 1 person with a complete improvement of an apartment (number of storeys from 1 to 10, equipped with a sink, washbasin, bathtub 1500-1700 mm long with a shower) in the absence of hot water meters:
January-June 0.2120 Gcal / per person per month * 934.43 rubles / Gcal = 198.0991 rubles / person.
July - December 0.2120 Gcal / per person. per month * 990.50 rubles / Gcal = 209.986 rubles / person
Calculation of the cost of the service for hot water supply according to the DHW meter in 2014:
The rate of heat energy consumption for heating is 1 cubic meter. m of water * Tariff for heat energy = cost of the service for heating 1 cu. m
January - June 0.0467 Gcal / m3 m * 934.43 rubles / Gcal = 43.6378 rubles / cubic meter m
July - December 0.0467 Gcal / m3 m * 990.50 rubles / Gcal = 46.2564 rubles / cubic meter m
year 2013
Calculation of the cost of heat energy for heating 1 sq. meters of total area in 2013:
Heating consumption rate
- January-April 0.0366 Gcal / sq. m * 851.03 rubles / Gcal = 31.1477 rubles / sq.m
- May 0.0122 Gcal / sq. m * 851.03 rubles / Gcal = 10.3826 rubles / sq.m
- October 0.0322 Gcal / sq. m * 934.43 rubles / Gcal = 30.0886 rubles / sq. m
- November - December 0.0366 Gcal / sq. m * 934.43 rubles / Gcal = 34.2001 rubles / sq.m
Calculation of the cost of services for hot water supply for 1 person in 2013:
DHW consumption rate
An example of calculating the cost of a hot water supply service for 1 person with a complete improvement of an apartment (number of storeys from 1 to 10, equipped with a sink, washbasin, bathtub 1500-1700 mm long with a shower) in the absence of hot water meters:
- January-June 0.2120 Gcal / per person per month * 851.03 rubles / Gcal = 180.4184 rubles / person
- July - December 0.2120 Gcal / per person. per month * 934.43 rubles / Gcal = 198.0991 rubles / person.
Calculation of the cost of the service for hot water supply according to the DHW meter in 2013:
The rate of heat energy consumption for heating is 1 cubic meter. m of water
- January - June 0.0467 Gcal / m3 m * 851.03 rubles / Gcal = 39.7431 rubles / cubic meter m
- July - December 0.0467 Gcal / m3 m * 934.43 rubles / Gcal = 43.6378 rubles / cubic meter m
year 2012
Calculation of the cost of heat energy for heating 1 sq. meters of total area in 2012:
Heating consumption rate * Thermal energy tariff (supplier MUE ChKTS or OOO Mechel-Energo) = The cost of thermal energy for heating 1 sq. m
- January-April 0.0366 Gcal / sq. m * 747.48 rubles / Gcal = 27.3578 rubles / sq. m
- May 0.0122 Gcal / sq. m * 747.48 rubles / Gcal = 9.1193 rubles / sq. m
- October 0.0322 Gcal / sq. m * 851.03 rubles / Gcal = 27.4032 rubles / sq. m
- November - December 0.0366 Gcal / sq. m * 851.03 rubles / Gcal = 31.1477 rubles / sq. m
Calculation of the cost of hot water supply services for 1 person in 2012:
DHW consumption rate * Thermal energy tariff (supplier MUE ChKTS or OOO Mechel-Energo) = cost of DHW service for 1 person
An example of calculating the cost of a hot water supply service for 1 person with a complete improvement of an apartment (number of storeys from 1 to 10, equipped with a sink, washbasin, bathtub 1500-1700 mm long with a shower) in the absence of hot water meters:
- January - June 0.2120 Gcal / per person per month * 747.48 rubles / Gcal = 158.47 rubles / person.
- July - August 0.2120 Gcal / per person per month * 792.47 rubles / Gcal = 168.00 rubles / person
- September - December 0.2120 Gcal / per person per month * 851.03 rubles / Gcal = 180.42 rubles / person
Calculation of the cost of hot water supply services according to the DHW meter in 2012:
The rate of heat energy consumption for heating is 1 cubic meter. m of water * Tariff for heat energy (supplier MUP "ChKTS" or OOO "Mechel-Energo") = cost of the service for heating 1 cubic meter. m
- January - June 0.0467 Gcal / m3 m * 747.48 rubles / Gcal = 34.9073 rubles / cubic meter m
- July - August 0.0467 Gcal / cu. m * 792.47 rubles / Gcal = 37.0083 rubles / cubic meter m
- September-December 0.0467 Gcal / cu. m * 851.03 rubles / Gcal = 39.7431 rubles / cubic meter m
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Often one of the problems faced by consumers both in private buildings and in apartment buildings is that the consumption of thermal energy obtained in the process of heating a home is very large. In order to save yourself from the need to overpay for excessive heat and to save finances, you should determine how exactly the calculation of the amount of heat for heating should take place. Regular calculations will help to solve this, with the help of which it will become clear how much heat entering the radiators should have. This is what will be discussed further.
General principles for performing gcal calculations
The calculation of kW for heating implies the performance of special calculations, the order of which is regulated by special regulations. Responsibility for them lies with utilities who are able to help with this work and give an answer on how to calculate Gcal for heating and decoding Gcal.Of course, such a problem will be completely eliminated if there is a hot water meter in the living room, since it is in this device that there are already pre-set readings that reflect the received heat. Multiplying these results by the established tariff, it is fashionable to obtain the final parameter of the consumed heat.
Calculation procedure when calculating the consumed heat
In the absence of such a device as a hot water meter, the formula for calculating heat for heating should be as follows: Q = V * (T1 - T2) / 1000. The variables in this case represent values such as:- Q in this case is the total amount of heat energy;
- V is an indicator of hot water consumption, which is measured either in tons or in cubic meters;
- T1 is the temperature parameter of hot water (measured in the usual degrees of Celsius). In this case, it will be more appropriate to take into account the temperature that is characteristic of a certain operating pressure. This indicator has a special name - enthalpy. But in the absence of the required sensor, one can take as a basis the temperature that will be as close as possible to the enthalpy. As a rule, its average value ranges from 60 to 65 ° C;
- T2 in this formula is the temperature index of cold water, which is also measured in degrees Celsius. Due to the fact that getting to the pipeline from cold water very problematic, such values are determined by constant values that differ depending on the weather conditions outside the dwelling. For example, in winter time year, that is, in the midst of the heating season, this value is 5 ° C, and in summer, when the heating circuit is turned off - 15 ° C;
- 1000 is a common factor that can be used to get the result in gigacalories, which is more accurate than normal calories. Read also: "How to calculate heat for heating - methods, formulas".
Calculation of gcal for heating in closed system, which is more convenient for operation, should pass in a slightly different way. The formula for calculating space heating with a closed system is as follows: Q = ((V1 * (T1 - T)) - (V2 * (T2 - T))) / 1000.
In this case:
- Q is the same amount of thermal energy;
- V1 is the parameter of the coolant flow rate in the supply pipe (the heat source can act as plain water and water vapor);
- V2 is the volume of water consumption in the outlet pipeline;
- T1 is the temperature value in the coolant supply pipe;
- T2 is the outlet temperature indicator;
- T is the temperature parameter of cold water.
Other methods of calculating the amount of heat
It is possible to calculate the amount of heat entering the heating system in other ways.The calculation formula for heating in this case may differ slightly from the above and have two options:
- Q = ((V1 * (T1 - T2)) + (V1 - V2) * (T2 - T)) / 1000.
- Q = ((V2 * (T1 - T2)) + (V1 - V2) * (T1 - T)) / 1000.
Based on this, it is safe to say that the calculation of kilowatts of heating can be done with your own on their own... However, do not forget about consulting with special organizations responsible for supplying heat to dwellings, since their principles and settlement system can be completely different and consist of a completely different set of measures.
Having decided to design a so-called "warm floor" system in a private house, you need to be prepared for the fact that the procedure for calculating the amount of heat will be much more complicated, since in this case you should take into account not only the features of the heating circuit, but also provide for the parameters of the electrical network, from which and the floor will be heated. At the same time, the organizations responsible for monitoring such installation works will be completely different.
Many hosts often face translation problems the right amount kilocalories to kilowatts, due to the use of measurement units in the international system called "C" by many aids. Here you need to remember that the coefficient converting kilocalories to kilowatts will be 850, that is, speaking more simple language, 1 kW is 850 kcal. This calculation procedure is much simpler, since it will not be difficult to calculate the required amount of giga calories - the prefix "giga" means "million", therefore, 1 giga calorie is 1 million calories.
In order to avoid errors in calculations, it is important to remember that absolutely all modern ones have some error, while often in acceptable limits... The calculation of such an error can also be performed independently using the following formula: R = (V1 - V2) / (V1 + V2) * 100, where R is the error, V1 and V2 are the parameters of the water flow rate in the system already mentioned above, and 100 is coefficient responsible for converting the resulting value into percent.
In accordance with operational standards, the maximum permissible error can be 2%, but usually this figure in modern devices does not exceed 1%.
The total of all calculations
Correctly performed calculation of heat energy consumption is a guarantee of economical consumption. financial resources spent on heating. Using an example of an average, it can be noted that when heating a residential building with an area of 200 m² in accordance with the above calculation formulas, the amount of heat will be approximately 3 Gcal per month. Thus, taking into account the fact that the standard heating season lasts six months, then for six months the volume of consumption will be 18 Gcal.Of course, all measures for calculating heat are much more convenient and easier to perform in private buildings than in apartment buildings with a centralized heating system, where simple equipment cannot be done. See also: "How is the calculation of heating in an apartment building - rules and formulas for calculation."
Thus, we can say that all calculations to determine the consumption of heat energy in a particular room may well be performed on their own (read also: ""). It is only important that the data be calculated as accurately as possible, that is, according to specially designed mathematical formulas, and all procedures were agreed with special bodies that control the conduct of such events. Calculations can also be assisted professional masters who are regularly engaged in such work and have various videos available that describe in detail the entire process of calculations, as well as photos of samples of heating systems and diagrams for their connection.
When paying for utilities, many people are surprised to see the phrase "water heating" in the receipt. In fact, this innovation was adopted back in 2013. According to Government Decree No. 406, if there is centralized system for water supply, payment must be made at a two-component tariff.
Thus, the tariff was divided into two components: the use of cold water and heat energy. Now the calculation is made separately for two resources: water for hot water supply and heat energy. That is why a column appeared in the receipts, indicating the amount of heat energy spent on heating cold water. However, many believe that heating charges are being levied illegally, and write complaints about housing and communal services. To make sure that this type of charge is legitimate, you should learn more about this service.
The reason for this innovation was the additional use of energy. Risers and heated towel rails connected to the hot water supply system consume thermal energy, but this consumption was not previously taken into account in the calculation of utility bills. Since the heating fee can only be charged during the heating season, heating the air through the use of a heated towel rail was not paid as a public service. The government found a way out of this situation by dividing the tariff into two components.
Equipment
If the water heater fails, the hot water bill will not increase. In this case, authorized employees management organization are obliged to repair the equipment urgently. But since the repair requires payment, the tenants still have to pay this amount. Despite the fact that the heating bill will remain the same, the amount of payment for the repair and maintenance of the property will be increased. This is because water heaters are part of the property of homeowners.
As for non-standard situations, when, for example, some of the apartments in multi-storey building has access to hot water, and the second only to cold water, issues regarding payment for heating are resolved on an individual basis. As practice shows, often tenants are required to pay for common property that they do not use.
Thermal energy component
If with the calculation of payment for cold water everything is quite simple (carried out on the basis of the established tariff), then not everyone understands what is included in the cost of such a service as heating.
The amount to pay for a service such as water heating is calculated taking into account the following components:
- the established tariff for heat energy;
- costs required to maintain a centralized hot water supply system (from central heating points where water is heated);
- the cost of heat loss in pipelines;
- costs necessary for the transportation of hot water.
The calculation of utility bills for hot water supply is made taking into account the volume of water used, which is measured in m 3.
As a rule, the amount of required heat energy is determined on the basis of general house values, which are shown by the meters of hot water and consumed heat energy. The amount of energy used in each room is calculated by multiplying the amount of water used (determined by the meter) by the specific consumption of heat energy. The amount of energy is multiplied by the tariff. The resulting value is the amount required to pay for what is written in the receipt as "water heating".
How to calculate yourself in 2018-2019
Heating water is one of the most expensive utilities. This is due to the fact that when heating, it is necessary to use special equipment operating from the mains. To make sure that the correct amount for payment is indicated on the receipt, you can make the calculations yourself and compare the received value with the amount indicated on the receipt. To do this, you need to find out the amount of payment for heat energy established by the regional tariff commission. Further calculations depend on the presence or absence of metering devices:
- If you have a meter installed in your apartment, then you can calculate the consumption of heat energy, focusing on its indicator.
- If there is no meter, calculations should be made based on the established standard indicators (established by the energy saving organization).
If there is a general meter for the consumption of heat energy in a residential building and individual meters installed in apartments, the amount for heating is calculated based on the readings common appliance accounting and further proportional distribution for each apartment. If there is no such device, the amount required to pay for heating is calculated based on the standard of energy consumption for heating 1 m 3 of water in the reporting month and readings individual counter water.
Where to file a complaint
If the legitimacy of the additional line "water heating" in the receipts is questionable, so as not to overpay for heating, it is recommended to first contact the Criminal Code with a request to explain what this item means. The appearance of a new line in the receipt is legal only on the basis of the decision of the owner of the MKD premises. In the absence of such a decision, you should write a complaint to the GZI. After filing a claim with the Criminal Code, you must be provided with an answer with explanations within thirty days. In case of refusal to substantiate why such a service is prescribed in the receipt, a complaint should be filed with the prosecutor's office with a claim to the court. In this case, if you have already paid the amount indicated in the receipt, Article 395 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation will serve as the basis for the claim. If a refund is not required, but you have to pay for services that you are not provided with, file a lawsuit to exclude the line "water heating". In this case, it is worth referring to Article 16 of the Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights".
What is Gcal? Gcal is a gigacalorie, that is, a measuring unit in which heat energy is calculated. You can calculate Gcal yourself, but having previously studied some information about thermal energy. Consider in the article general information about the calculations, as well as the formula for calculating Gcal.
What is Gcal?
A calorie is a certain amount of energy that is needed to heat 1 gram of water to 1 degree. This condition observed under atmospheric pressure conditions. For the calculation of thermal energy, a large value is used - Gcal. A gigacalorie equals 1 billion calories. This value has been used since 1995 in accordance with the document of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy.
In Russia, the average consumption per 1 sq. M. is 0.9342 Gcal per month. In each region, this value can change up or down depending on weather conditions.
What is a gigacalorie when converted to normal values?
- 1 Gigacalorie equals 1162.2 kilowatt-hours.
- In order to heat 1 thousand tons of water to a temperature of +1 degrees, 1 gigacalorie is required.
Gcal in apartment buildings
In apartment buildings, gigacalories are used in thermal calculations. If you know the exact amount of heat energy that remains in the house, then you can calculate the bill for paying for heating. For example, if a house-wide or individual heating device is not installed in the house, then you will have to pay for centralized heating based on the area of the heated room. In the event that a heat meter is installed, then wiring is implied horizontal type or sequential, or collector. In this version, two risers are made in the apartment for the supply and return pipes, and the system inside the apartment is determined by the residents. Such schemes are used in new homes. That is why residents can independently regulate the consumption of thermal energy, making a choice between comfort and economy.
The adjustment is made as follows:
- Due to throttling of the heating batteries, the passage of the heating device is limited, therefore, the temperature in it decreases, and the consumption of thermal energy decreases.
- Installation of a common thermostat on the return pipe. In this embodiment, the flow rate of the working fluid is determined by the temperature in the apartment and if it increases, then the flow rate decreases, and if it decreases, then the flow rate increases.
Gcal in private houses
If we talk about Gcal in a private house, then tenants are primarily interested in the cost of heat energy for each type of fuel. Therefore, we will consider some prices for 1 Gcal for different kinds fuel:
- - 3300 rubles;
- Liquefied gas - 520 rubles;
- Coal - 550 rubles;
- Pellets - 1800 rubles;
- Diesel fuel - 3270 rubles;
- Electricity - 4300 rubles.
The price may vary depending on the region, and it should be borne in mind that the cost of fuel periodically increases.
General information about the calculations of Gcal
To calculate Gcal, it is necessary to make special calculations, the order of which is established by special regulatory enactments. The calculation is carried out by utilities, which can explain to you the procedure for calculating Gcal, as well as decipher any incomprehensible moments.
If you have an individual device installed, you will be able to avoid any problems and overpayments. It is enough for you to take monthly indicators from the meter and multiply the resulting number by the tariff. The amount received must be paid for the use of heating.
Heat meters
- Liquid temperature at the inlet and outlet of a certain section of the line.
- The flow rate of the liquid that moves through the heating devices.
The flow rate can be determined using heat meters. Heat metering devices can be of two types:
- Vane counters. Such devices are used to meter heat energy, as well as hot water consumption. The difference between such meters and cold water meters is the material from which the impeller is made. In such devices, it is most resistant to high temperatures... The principle of operation is similar for the two devices:
- The rotation of the impeller is transmitted to the accounting device;
- The impeller starts rotating due to the movement of the working fluid;
- The transmission is carried out without direct interaction, but with the help of a permanent magnet.
Such devices have simple design, but their response threshold is low. And they also have reliable protection from distortion of readings. The anti-magnetic shield prevents the impeller from being braked by the external magnetic field.
- Devices with a differential recorder. Such counters work according to Bernoulli's law, which states that the rate of movement of a liquid or gas flow is inversely proportional to its static movement. If the pressure is recorded by two sensors, it is easy to determine the flow in real time. The counter implies electronics in the construction device. Almost all models provide information on the flow rate and temperature of the working fluid, as well as determine the consumption of thermal energy. You can configure the work manually using a PC. You can connect the device to a PC via the port.
Many residents are wondering how to calculate the amount of Gcal for heating in an open heating system, in which hot water can be taken off. Pressure sensors are installed on the return pipe and the supply pipe at the same time. The difference that will be in the flow rate of the working fluid will show the amount warm water, which was spent for household needs.
Formula for calculating Gcal for heating
If you do not have an individual device, then you need to use the following formula for calculating heat for heating: Q = V * (T1 - T2) / 1000, where:
- Q is the total amount of heat energy.
- V is the volume of hot water consumption. Measured in tons or cubic meters.
- T1 is the hot water temperature, measured in degrees Celsius. In such a calculation, it is better to take into account the temperature that will be characteristic of the specific operating pressure. This indicator is called enthalpy. If the required sensor is not available, then take the temperature that will be similar to the enthalpy. Typically, the average of this temperature is in the range of 60-65 degrees Celsius.
- T2 is the cold water temperature, measured in degrees Celsius. As you know, getting to a cold water pipeline is not easy, therefore such values are determined by constant values. They, in turn, depend on climatic conditions outside the house. For example, in the cold season, this value can be 5 degrees, and in the warm season, when there is no heating, it can reach 15 degrees.
- 1000 is the factor that gives you the answer in giga calories. This value will be more accurate than normal calories.
In a closed heating system the calculation of gigacalories occurs in a different form. In order to calculate Gcal in a closed heating system, you must use the following formula: Q = ((V1 * (T1 - T)) - (V2 * (T2 - T))) / 1000, where:
- Q is the previous volume of heat energy;
- V1 is the parameter for the flow rate of the heat carrier in the supply pipe. The heat source can be steam or ordinary water.
- V2 is the volume of water flow in the outlet pipe;
- T1 is the temperature in the heat carrier supply pipe;
- T2 is the temperature at the pipe outlet;
- T is the cold water temperature.
The calculation of heat energy for heating according to this formula depends on two parameters: the first shows the heat that enters the system, and the second shows the heat parameter when the heat carrier is removed through the return pipe.
Other methods of calculating Gcal for heating
- Q = ((V1 * (T1 - T2)) + (V1 - V2) * (T2 - T)) / 1000.
- Q = ((V2 * (T1 - T2)) + (V1 - V2) * (T1 - T)) / 1000.
All values in these formulas are the same as in the previous formula. Based on the above calculations, we can conclude that you can calculate Gcal for heating yourself. But you should seek advice from special companies that are responsible for supplying heat to the house, since their work and calculation system may differ from these formulas and consist of a different set of measures.
If you decide to make a "Warm floor" system in your private house, then the principle of calculating heating will be completely different. The calculation will be much more complicated, since not only the features of the heating circuit should be taken into account, but also the values of the electrical network from which the floor is heated. The companies that are responsible for overseeing the underfloor heating installation will be different.
Many residents have difficulty converting kilocalories to kilowatts. This is due to many manuals of measuring units in the international system, which is called "C". When converting kilocalories to kilowatts, a coefficient of 850 should be used. That is, 1 kW equals 850 kcal. Such a calculation is much simpler than others, since it is not difficult to find out the required amount of gigacalories. 1 gigacalorie = 1 million calories.
During the calculation, it should be remembered that any modern devices have a small error. They are generally acceptable. But you need to calculate the error yourself. For example, this can be done using the following formula: R = (V1 - V2) / (V1 + V2) * 100, where:
- R is the error of a common house heating appliance.
- V1 and V2 are the parameters of the water flow in the system already indicated earlier.
- 100 is a coefficient that is responsible for converting the resulting value into a percentage.
In accordance with operational standards, the maximum error, which can be 2%. Basically, this figure does not exceed 1%.
Results of calculations of Gcal for heating
If you correctly calculated the consumption of Gcal of thermal energy, then you can not worry about overpayments for utilities. If we use the above formulas, then we can conclude that when heating a residential building with an area of up to 200 sq. M. it will take about 3 Gcal for 1 month. Considering that the heating season in many regions of the country lasts about 6 months, then the approximate consumption of heat energy can be calculated. To do this, we multiply 3 Gcal by 6 months and get 18 Gcal.
Based on the information indicated above, we can conclude that all calculations for the consumption of thermal energy in a particular house can be done independently without the help of special organizations. But it is worth remembering that all data must be calculated exactly according to special mathematical formulas. In addition, all procedures must be coordinated with special bodies that control such actions. If you are not sure what to do the calculation yourself, then you can use the services professional specialists who are engaged in such work and have materials available that describe in detail the entire process and photos of samples of the heating system, as well as their connection diagrams.