In the spring, it is necessary to feed various crops, including fruit trees and shrubs. Every month there are certain events. It is important to choose the right fertilizer for different types of crops, use them in a certain way and in a specific dosage.
Why do we need spring top dressing of fruit crops?
In the process of growing various crops, gardeners resort to all sorts of agricultural practices. One of best practices is plant nutrition. It provides decorative planting and a good harvest.
Timely application of fertilizers and correct selection compositions allows you to activate the growth of culture, provide good flowering and protection from diseases and pests. All this is necessary to obtain a high-quality and plentiful harvest.
Fruit trees and shrubs are perennial plantings. During their lives, they need various micro and macro elements, as well as human body. People get the necessary substances from food, and plants from the soil. Over time, the land begins to deplete, therefore, it is impossible to do without fertilizers.
Feeding stages by month
Each variety fruit trees and shrubs requires individual approach. This applies not only to the composition of the fertilizers used, but also to the stages of their application. There are some common points that are characteristic of each spring month.
March
This month, the very first feeding of the year is carried out. Fertilization is carried out at the beginning of the melting of the snow cover.
For this period, funds with nitrogen are needed. They stimulate the vegetative process. It is better to use soluble mineral compounds. They are poured directly on top of the snow, which, when melted, will dissolve the fertilizer and pull it into the soil. It is necessary to prepare for such top dressing in the fall, loosening the near-stem circles well.
The amount of nitrogen mixture for feeding depends on the age of the plant. For shrubs and young plantings, 40 g of fertilizer is enough, an adult tree needs about 100-120 g of the product.
If the plantings are located on a slope, then it is better to fertilize later, since the fertilizer may shift when the snow melts. It is also worth delaying if there is a lot of snow. In this case, the fertilizer will lie on the surface for a long time, therefore it can partially evaporate.
April
In this month, the deciduous part of the plantings is actively formed, flowering begins. At this stage, plants need potassium and phosphorus. These elements strengthen cultures, provide them with normal growth.
Phosphorus is necessary for strengthening the roots, their growth and fixing in the soil. Potassium activates the appearance of side shoots.
Phosphorus can be used in its pure form, and potassium is preferable as part of combined mixtures.
If the end of flowering occurs in April, then the plants should be fed with organic matter. Such top dressing is especially important for apple and pear trees.
May
When the plant is actively blooming, you can use both organics and mineral fertilizers. Minerals can be applied foliarly.
This month is characterized by the formation of ovaries and the beginning of fruit growth. At this stage, fruit trees and shrubs need organic matter. As a fertilizer, it is better to resort to compost, rotted manure, biohumus.
In May, fertilizers can be applied in various ways:
- digging with earth;
- mixing with loosened soil in the near-stem area;
- mixing with mulch (rotten leaves, straw are also used in this capacity);
- embedding in recesses in the ground;
- root method.
Such a feeding scheme is generalized. It can be changed in accordance with the region of residence and weather conditions in a particular year.
Fertilizing options for fruit trees and shrubs in spring
When choosing fertilizers, one must rely on the type of crop, season, and soil characteristics. Plants can be fertilized different ways, while it is important to correctly calculate the amount of funds used.
chicken manure
- Apple tree;
- pear;
- plum;
- cherries;
- cherry;
- quince;
- persimmon;
- peach;
- apricot.
Fertilizer should be applied in spring to tree trunks. Dry raw materials should be used for top dressing, since ammonia is formed if raw materials are stored improperly.
Concentrated fresh manure negatively affects the condition of the roots of fruit crops. Raw materials for top dressing must be diluted.
To obtain correct solution for top dressing, you need to dilute 1.5 kg of bird droppings in a 10-liter bucket of water. First, dry raw materials are poured with a third of the liquid volume and left for a couple of days. Then the fermented composition is adjusted with water to the desired volume.
Manure
For fruit crops, this fertilizer ranks second in popularity. Apple trees, pears, cherries, plums, apricots and other stone fruits like this top dressing more.
Fresh manure is not used. Regardless of the proportions of dilution, it is converted to ammonia.
To feed fruit crops, manure must lie for at least 2 years.
Humus
Up to 30 kg of humus must be applied under apple trees. If the plant is more than 9 years old, then this amount must be increased at least 1.5 times.
To feed pears, humus is mixed with soil in the spring. On average, one tree needs 20 kg of this fertilizer.
Humus is applied under cherries or cherries for the first 4-5 years. It is necessary to scatter fertilizer around the trunks by about half a meter.
Green tea
This fertilizer is harvested independently and is organic. It can be used for any fruit crops.
To prepare the composition, it is necessary to place the green part of the grass in a suitable container and fill it with water. Close the container with polyethylene, making several holes in it. After 3 weeks, the fertilizer will be ready. Such top dressing is best done after flowering, diluting the resulting liquid in 10 parts of water.
Ash
This fertilizer attracts natural origin. It combines phosphorus and potassium, which are especially needed. fruit crops in spring period.
Ash can be used for different fruit trees. Especially love her cherry and plum.
Top dressing must be applied to the near-trunk circles. To do this, make a groove 10-15 cm deep and pour ash into it, immediately covering it with earth. Fertilizer can also be applied in liquid form. To prepare it, a half-liter jar of ash is added to a bucket of water.
Ash can be mixed with urea. For a 10-liter bucket of water, you need 3 tbsp. l. urea and half a glass of ash. Of the shrubs, this composition is effectively used for raspberries, blackberries, mountain ash, gooseberries and currants.
This fertilizer belongs to the mineral group and is based mostly on phosphorus. It can be used for any fruit trees and shrubs.
When planting crops, fertilizer is applied at 0.4 kg in each pit. As a top dressing, 40-70 grams are used, introducing the composition into the trunk circle. Fruit crops should be fed in this way after flowering.
Superphosphate can be combined with potassium and some nitrogen fertilizers. You should not combine such top dressing with the introduction of urea, ammonium nitrate or chalk. Between the application of such fertilizers, it is necessary to withstand at least a week.
Potassium chloride
This fertilizer is high in potassium. It perfectly compensates for the lack of nutrients and normalizes the development of crops. This top dressing can be used for various fruit trees, but it is especially effective for apple trees.
For one fruit tree, about 0.15 kg of potassium chloride is needed. The optimal amount of fertilizer should be oriented to the characteristics of the soil. If it is black earth, then the concentration of the agent is reduced, and for light soil it must be increased.
Potassium chloride is well combined with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, but it is also successfully used on its own.
Fertilizers must be applied correctly. Liquid formulations introduced only after watering the soil. Foliar feeding should be carried out on cloudy days or in the evening. After applying dry fertilizer, watering is necessary.
Urea
This fertilizer is nitrogenous and belongs to the amide group. It can be used for various fruit crops.
As a spray, urea is good to combine with blue vitriol. For 10 liters of water you need 0.7 kg of urea and 50 g of vitriol. This treatment can be repeated during flowering, and then when the ovaries are formed.
Fruit plants are also fed during fruiting. In this case, resort to root top dressing. For apple trees, 0.25 kg of urea is dissolved in 10 liters of water; for cherries and plums, the amount of the product should be reduced to 0.15 kg. If organic matter was previously introduced, then the concentration of the composition is halved.
It is advisable to use this fertilizer when the soil is ideally fertile. The tool is complex and consists of nitrogen, potassium, sulfur and phosphorus.
Nitroammophoska can be used for any fruit trees, but only as an additional top dressing. For apple trees, it is advisable to use it after flowering, spending 30-40 liters of solution on each tree. For its preparation, 50 g of product per bucket (10 l) is required.
Nitroammophoska is also used for foliar feeding to enhance crop growth. The prepared solution in this case is sprayed with a spray gun.
Ammonium nitrate
This tool is well suited for early feeding of fruit crops. It can also be used in the summer about 2 times a month.
Ammonium nitrate is best used in the form of a solution. To do this, dilute 30 g of saltpeter in a bucket of water. During fruiting - this amount is recommended to be increased by 1.5 times. Such top dressing has a good effect on the yield of plantings and taste qualities fruits.
Do not use the product simultaneously with peat, sawdust or straw. This combination is dangerous because it can lead to fire.
When and how to properly fertilize fruit trees and shrubs in the garden is described in this video:
Fertilizing fruit crops is an important agrotechnical measure. Fertilization should begin in the spring. It is important to consider the compatibility of the compositions with each other, as well as with various types cultures. When buying ready-made products, you should carefully study the instructions.
For the growth and nutrition of our garden wards after wintering, the element nitrogen is needed, which, if it was in the soil, was washed out of it by rains into deeper layers during the fall and winter, carried away with melting snow. Therefore, in the spring there is a need to feed the trees in the garden, and with what and how - let's break the process down.
Fertilization methods
Nitrogen supplements can be delivered to their destination in a variety of ways.
- Spraying - foliar spring dressing
- root feeding; it is carried out by introducing fertilizer elements into the soil in a liquid or solid state.
Regarding the age of the tree, we must know how and where to properly bring food so that it reaches its goal. If the seedling is small. then you need to fertilize the entire near-trunk circle.
In an adult tree, the suction roots are located approximately in the area of \u200b\u200bthe projection of the crown onto the ground and beyond this border, and top dressing must be applied there.
The liquid form of application is more preferable. since in more ensures that the food is digested quickly. it is poured over previously watered soil. to avoid being burned by the fertilizer solution.
Dry minerals are loosened into the soil. then watering is done. Just
it makes no sense to scatter the granules over the surface - the nitrogen will evaporate from them, not
having reached the goal.
An overdose of nitrogen is no longer desirable. than its disadvantage. Because of it, fruit trees can grow to the detriment of fruiting, and they will not be well prepared for winter.
Feeding trees is not carried out every spring, it depends on the nature of the soil (they feed less often on clay), autumn fertilization, how the tree felt in the previous season, on the amount of last year's crop, how much it lost nutrition during this time.
When, how and what to feed
The first feeding of fruit is carried out in early to mid-April, when the buds are only
begin to swell, and the snow has melted. There is no point in throwing pellets on the snow,
roots will not receive nitrogen. However, when using this method, there is a risk that nitrogen-fed plants will tolerate them worse during return frosts.
Many gardeners advise to carry out such an operation during the period of leaf blooming or the beginning of flowering.
What fertilizer is best to use? It can be organic - compost,
manure. humus or mineral additives: urea, ammonium nitrate, sulfate
ammonium.
Along the perimeter of the crown, a furrow is made with a depth of half the bayonet of a shovel, the above compositions are introduced there. For mineral additives, the norms are indicated on the packages.
At the present time, the ground under fruit trees is often not dug up. a
planted lawn grasses or just mow. How to fertilize in such
case?
On my site, along the edge of the trunk circle, trimmings of old
water pipes about 25 cm long (the more, the better). They rise slightly above ground level. This is where nutrient solutions are poured.
The trunk circle of the old Antonovka was mulched with black spunbond, pipes were dug under it along the line of projection of the ends of the branches. Shade-loving hosts also feel great there.
If you make a solution, then 10 liters will require 1 tablespoon of urea, or 3 tbsp.
complex fertilizer. or azofoski, nitrofoski. In order for more potassium to be present, it is good to add half a glass of ash, and if we take urea, then a whole glass.
The presence of potassium will make the fruit more sugary. Instead of ashes, you can put a spoon
potassium sulfate.
Organic matter is placed at the rate of 20-30 kg of humus per mature tree.
By the way, if you add compost along the perimeter of the crown every 2-3 years, other "treats"
not required.
It is very useful to treat with slurry: dilute and infuse last year's cow or horse manure for two weeks in a barrel with a closed lid (ratio 1:5), stirring occasionally. Dilute 1:2 before use. The norm for an adult tree is 5 buckets.
It is good to feed with liquid fertilizers, for example, manure "compote".
To prepare it, I take a bucket of rotted manure, two buckets of weeded grass,
half-liter jar of old jam, a glass wood ash. I put everything in a 100-liter barrel, fill it with water, close the lid. The composition ferments for about two weeks, so you need to take care of its preparation in advance. Then I take a liter of compote, plant it in a bucket of water and fertilize. An adult tree needs 5 to 10 buckets. In addition to nitrogen, this composition will provide potassium and trace elements.
Foliar processing has two goals:
- Feed as fast as possible
- Protect from pests and diseases (details in the next article).
Through the leaves, nutrition is absorbed much faster, so we feed the fruit, especially when in early spring the root system cannot provide nutrition for buds and leaves, and when flowering occurs, the formation of ovaries.
These can be fertilizer special mixtures with trace elements in their composition,
complex, for example, "Kemira-Lux", boric acid, potassium permanganate. Very fit
preparations "Uniflor-growth" and "Uniflor-buton", where microelements are contained in
easily digestible form.
It must be remembered that for such processing it is necessary to take lower concentrations of solutions (5-10 times) than for root treatment. All work should be carried out in dry weather after sunset.
Spraying is not an alternative to root nutrition, but can greatly help fruit in hard time to support their immunity.
Spring feeding for shrubs is carried out similarly to the methods described above for fruit trees, only the dosage changes.
Please watch a very useful video on fertilizing in the spring:
Work in the garden lasts throughout the warm season. To get a rich harvest of fruits and berries, it is worth taking care of plant health in advance and fertilizing. However, not every substance will be equally useful. They are introduced in different phases of crop development and participate in certain vegetation processes.
Purpose of feeding
Garden care necessarily includes regular fertilization. Trees and shrubs have a permanent place on the site and feed on substances that are present in the soil. As they grow, as well as for the formation of fruits, they consume significant reserves of trace elements, so it is important to replenish them in time with special mixtures.
Trees that receive the required doses of top dressing annually will differ from those that are not cared for in several ways:
- high resistance to temperature extremes and weather conditions;
- the quantity and quality of the harvest;
- rapid growth;
- duration of fruiting.
Important! To understand what type of fertilizer is suitable for plants, it is worth analyzing the composition of the soil in the garden and monitoring the condition of the trees. Deficiency of any of the elements is manifested by characteristic symptoms.
Work time
Fertilizers are applied to the soil throughout the warm season. The norms and the method of their application depend on the needs of plants for certain trace elements in different periods. There are two main top dressings - autumn and spring, at this time they add a significant part of the nutrients. Also, trees should be fed during flowering and fruiting, since the spring reserves of trace elements in the soil are gradually depleted.
spring
Work on the care of the garden begins to carry out after warming. The first top dressing occurs in early spring - it is important to replenish nitrogen reserves in the soil and add additional trace elements for tree growth. In total, three top dressings are recommended for the spring period:
- in early spring, after the activation of vegetation processes, about half of the annual nitrogen rate is applied to stimulate the growth of young shoots; no more than 15% of the total amount of potassium and phosphorus can also be added;
- a week before the formation of flowers, during the budding period - additional feeding with the addition of 10-15% of all the main trace elements, allows you to increase the number of healthy full-fledged ovaries;
- if necessary, carry out another top dressing a week after the end of flowering in the same dosage.
Summer
In summer, nutrients are introduced in small quantities. The main summer top dressing is carried out at the end of June, with a slowdown in the growth of shoots. After harvesting, to stimulate the laying of buds on next year it is useful to apply 15% of the annual rate of all basic fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus and potash).
autumn
In autumn, it is recommended to add at least 50% of potash and phosphorus fertilizers for digging. They are stored in the ground and can be used by plants for next year. Nitrogen fertilizers during this period can harm fruit trees. If, under their influence, they begin to grow intensively and form young shoots, they may die with the first frost.
What fertilizer should be applied?
Plants receive nutrients from the soil through the root system or through the surface of the leaves when spraying. They can be added in the form of natural or purchased organic mixtures - complex chemical compounds that improve soil properties. These substances can also be in the form of separate mineral elements, convenient for assimilation through the rhizome.
organic
These are pet manure and bird droppings, compost, humus and herbal decoctions. Such mixtures contain minerals in a bound form, which ensures their prolonged action. When decomposed in the soil, trace elements are released and can be absorbed by the rhizome. Organic supplements are optimal way increase the nutritional value of insufficiently fertile soil.
mineral
Mineral supplements contain individual trace elements in a ready-to-use form. It can be mono-fertilizers based on only one active substance or complex mixtures. To use them, it is important to understand what substances plants need in different phases of development:
- for the growth of rhizomes and shoots in warm weather - nitrogen compounds;
- for abundant flowering and fruiting - preparations of potassium and phosphorus;
- additional trace elements (boron, zinc, molybdenum, calcium and others) - in case of their deficiency in the soil.
The main elements for plant nutrition are nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. Additional minerals are present in the composition of complex fertilizers in smaller quantities, and some are absent. However, their role for the integrated development of trees and shrubs is no less important.
Popular fertilizers
For feeding trees and shrubs in the garden, it is easier to purchase a ready-made mixture. They are available as liquid solutions, solid powders or granules. The main method of applying fertilizer is watering, it is additionally useful to spray the leaves to quickly absorb the elements.
Joy
This is a granular fertilizer based on a large number nitrogen and phosphorus, potassium is contained here in a lower concentration. Granules are introduced directly into the soil without prior dilution with water. The rate of their application varies from 30 g for shrubs to 80 g for adult fruit trees. Top dressing is suitable for use throughout the warm season, from March to October.
Gumi Omi
Organo-mineral top dressing based on the main trace elements (nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus), additional minerals and organic matter. Produced in the form of granules. The organic part is represented by fermented chicken manure - a valuable source of potassium for maintaining the processes of carbohydrate metabolism in trees. The drug is applied in dry form or aqueous solutions for irrigation are prepared on its basis.
Hello
Top dressing Zdraven "for fruit trees and shrubs" is a complex mineral mixture. This is a dry fertilizer that is suitable for both simple application to the soil and for the preparation of aqueous solutions. They can be used for watering or foliar spraying. In total, fertilizer is applied three times during the season: during the period of active growth of trees, and then after flowering and during the formation of fruits.
Important! Fertilizer Zdreven begins to act only after dissolution with water. When applied to the ground in its pure form, it is useful to water the plants on the eve of the procedure. This event will also protect the roots from chemical burns.
Hera
"Orchard" is one of the most popular mineral fertilizers for trees and shrubs. It contains the main and additional trace elements in optimal concentration, is well absorbed by plants, increases their resistance and productivity. Fertilizers of this brand are present on the shelves of almost all flower shops and are notable for their low cost.
Ava
They differ from analogues in their maximally prolonged action. It is enough to apply this preparation into the soil in the form of granules during planting, and then repeat the procedure every 2-3 years. Modern form release allows nutrients to be released gradually, as needed. The granules remain in the soil, are not washed off by rain and water during irrigation.
How to enter correctly?
Depending on the form of release, all fertilizers can be divided into two categories: liquid and dry mixtures. The latter can be presented as powders or granules, which are dissolved in water or used in dry form. There are several methods of fertilizing:
- watering - liquid or dry fertilizers are dissolved in water and applied to the soil along the trunk circle;
- spraying - the solutions are poured into the spray bottle and distributed over the surface of the leaves, while the concentration of active substances should be lower;
- water-soluble granules and powders can be used to prepare water mixtures for irrigation or spraying;
- dry fertilizers of prolonged action can be mixed with the soil in its pure form - they are scattered over the surface of the soil and dug to a depth of 10-15 cm.
Purchased drugs should be used in the dosages indicated in the instructions. When preparing solutions on your own, it is necessary to take into account the annual need of plants for mineral elements and make them in small quantities.
Feeding features
Despite the fact that for feeding garden plants the same mixtures are used, there are several features of their use for trees and shrubs. They depend on life cycle plants, their nutrient requirements and fruiting timing.
Fruit trees
Fruit trees respond well to the addition of organic fertilizers. They can be used in pure form or as part of aqueous solutions for irrigation. On the farm, there is always the opportunity to make homemade compost from waste or to add additional cow or horse manure.
Basic plant nutrition is carried out after mechanical cleaning garden. Twice a year, when the vegetation processes of trees are slowed down, it is useful to clean them of old dried branches and bark, form a crown, and remove last year's grass. In this case, nutrients will be absorbed faster, and yields will increase markedly.
berry bushes
Garden shrubs begin to wake up after winter earlier than trees. The first fertilization should be in early spring, immediately after warming. In addition, these plants have a poorly developed root system. It is useful for them to periodically apply top dressing by spraying so that nutrients are absorbed through the surface of the leaves.
Important! In the instructions for many drugs, dosages are indicated separately for plants and shrubs. The latter need less concentrated solutions due to the thinner bark (when spraying) and the more sensitive root system (when watering).
Fertilizers for planting seedlings
It is recommended to prepare a pit for seedlings in advance. If planting is planned in the spring, it is better to form a place for trees in the fall. To do this, you need to dig a shallow hole (from 30 cm deep for shrubs to 70 cm for trees) and add nutrients to it. If you plant a tree immediately in the ground, when the soil shrinks, it will gradually go underground. The result of this process is moisture stagnation and uneven development of the plant.
The pit should not be left empty for the winter, otherwise water will accumulate in it. To refuel it, it is recommended to add a complex nutrient mixture:
- 1-2 buckets of rotted manure;
- the same amount of humus or peat;
- 1-2 cups of wood ash per 1 m of soil;
- soil that was in the hole.
Many gardeners do not recommend applying mineral fertilizers directly when planting seedlings. At this point, the nutrients will already be present in the soil - they were added during the preparation of the pit. root system of young trees is still very sensitive, so mineral mixtures can leave burns on it. If necessary, fertilizers are added at some distance from the stem of the seedlings.
Conclusion
The only way to get a rich harvest from fruit trees and berry bushes every year is to regularly apply all the necessary top dressing. If plants receive nutrients in the right amount, they will grow large and healthy, resistant to weather and pests.
When caring for a young garden good development and the fruiting of fruit trees cannot be achieved without the systematic use of fertilizers, especially in the regions of the non-chernozem zone.
For the successful growth of trees in young garden, accelerating their entry into the time of fruiting and creating conditions for further high and regular yields great importance It has fertilizer application. The best results are shown by the combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers.
The use of organic fertilizers in the care of a young garden
Wide range of care applications young garden should get first organic fertilizers(manure, compost, peat, peat feces and others), which not only give needed by trees nutrients, but also improve the soil structure, destroyed by digging and frequent loosening.
Manure is brought in in the fall, for digging the soil, having previously scattered it evenly on the surface of the near-stem circle in the amount of 4-6 kilograms per 1 square meter. This will amount to 15-20 kilograms for one two-three-year-old tree, 30-40 kilograms for a five-six-year-old tree, and 50-70 kilograms for a seven-ten-year-old tree.
good action also has compost on fruit trees. Compost is prepared from household waste in specially arranged heaps. Compost heaps are a must for every household. Woody leaves, fallen needles, tops can be used to prepare compost. vegetable crops, weeds, rotten straw and chaff, soot, house debris, kitchen waste, road dust, etc.
The compost heap is made 1.5-2 meters wide (at the base), 1-1.5 meters high and of any length (depending on the amount of material). Lay it on a special cleared and rammed area. Tops, house debris and other household waste and weeds when laying in compost heap interspersed with soil. The soil layer should be 5-6 centimeters thick. Compost, so that it is always moderately moist, is watered from time to time or, even better, with slop or slurry. It is useful to add lime, crushed limestone and ash to the compost.
Once or twice a summer (after two or three months), the compost heap is thoroughly shoveled and laid again. Shoveling accelerates the decomposition of waste. When the compost turns into a homogeneous mass, it can be used for fertilizer. Norms, terms and depth of composting are the same as for manure.
Valuable fertilizer when caring for a young garden is "night gold" (faeces). It is better to mix it with peat, to prepare the so-called peat faeces. For this purpose, they take fine, well-decomposed peat, put it in a layer of 20 centimeters and pour it abundantly with liquid feces. After watering, a second layer of the same thickness is laid on the first layer of peat and also watered, and this is done until the pile reaches a height of 1.5 meters. After that, it is covered with peat and left to decompose.
Peat feces can also be prepared directly in cesspools- restrooms. To do this, peat is poured into the pit every two or three days and mixed with a pole with the contents of the pit. Peat feces is a very strong fertilizer: its application rate is two to three times lower than the rate of manure.
In areas where there is no peat, compost, manure and even ordinary soil are used to prepare fecal fertilizers.
When caring for a young garden, bird droppings should also be used. It is applied at 100-150 grams per 1 square meter of the trunk circle. But it is better to give this fertilizer in the form of liquid top dressing in the first half of summer.
Good fertilizer - furnace ash, containing potassium, phosphorus and lime. Ashes are added at about 100-150 grams per 1 square meter (a glass of furnace ash weighs about 125 grams). The use of ash gives particularly good results on soddy-podzolic soils of the non-chernozem zone, lowering their acidity. In this case, the application rate of ash is increased by at least two to three times.
As a fertilizer, you can use pond, lake and river or decomposed garbage from landfills.
The use of mineral fertilizers for young garden care
If there are mineral fertilizers, then you need to use them.
They are divided into nitrogen (ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, montan nitrate), phosphoric (superphosphate, tomasslag, phosphate rock) and potassium (potassium salt 30- and 40% and potassium chloride). Nitrogen mineral fertilizers have a good effect on the growth of trees in most areas. Better everywhere is a complete mineral fertilizer, including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.
Mineral fertilizers contribute at the rate of approximately 8-10 grams of the active ingredient of each type of fertilizer per 1 square meter. For example, ammonium sulphate (ammonium sulfate) contains 20 percent nitrogen. Therefore, 40-50 grams of ammonium sulfate must be added per 1 square meter.
In one glass, it will fit from 150 grams (superphosphate, ammonium sulfate) to 250 grams (potassium salt) mineral fertilizers.
The amount of mineral fertilizers that must be applied under one tree, depending on its age and the size of the trunk circle, is shown in the table.
Montane saltpeter contributes 20 percent, and ammonium nitrate 40 percent less than ammonium sulphate. double superphosphate pay twice as much as usual.
Phosphorus and potash fertilizers, and partly nitrogen fertilizers, are applied in autumn, for deep digging. These fertilizers are best applied in granular form. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers can also be applied in liquid form in pockets into wells made with scrap, a depth of 30-40 centimeters; wells are made approximately two pieces per 1 square meter.
The main mass of nitrogen fertilizers (about two-thirds) is better to apply in the spring, during the first spring loosening.
Approximate amount of mineral fertilizers applied under one tree (in grams):
| Diameter (width) trunk- leg circle (in meters) |
Square trunk- leg circle (in sq. meters) |
ammonium sulphate | Superphosphate | Potassium salt 40% | ||||||
| when fertilizing | when fertilizing | when fertilizing | ||||||||
| weak | average | | strong | weak | average | strong | weak | average | | strong | ||
| 2 3 4 5 |
3 7 12 20 |
100 200 400 600 | 150 300 600 900 |
200 400 800 1200 |
150 300 550 850 | 225 450 800 1300 |
300 600 1 100 1700 |
50 100 200 300 |
75 150 300 450 |
100 200 400 600 |
- With the combined use of mineral and organic fertilizers, their application rates are halved against those indicated.
- When mixing fertilizers, follow established rules. It is best to mix them just before applying to the soil.
Fertilizing fruit trees young garden care
Great value for at In the course of a young garden, fruit trees are fed, which is widely used by the foremost gardeners.
For top dressing, first of all, you need to use local organic fertilizers.: slurry, urine, fermented solutions of bird and cow droppings, etc. For liquid feeding, slurry and animal urine are diluted with 5 parts of water, and feces and bird droppings are diluted with 10-12 parts.
You can also feed fruit trees only with nitrogen or complete mineral fertilizer.
Mineral fertilizers when top dressing can be applied in liquid and dry form.. With dry soil, the near-trunk circles are pre-watered before top dressing. In case of fractional application, the indicated average rate is divided into parts according to the number of top dressings: each time the corresponding part (half or third of the rate) is applied. The first top dressing is given in the spring, during bud break, the second - two or three weeks after the first, during increased shoot growth (in the central regions - in June), and the third - two to three weeks after the second.
Given that nitrogen fertilizers in case of untimely application, they cause a delay in growth; they should be fed only during the spring and the first half of summer or in late autumn.
It is necessary to fertilize the garden annually on poor soils and once every two or three years on the rest. In the first year after planting, they are limited to mulching. trunk circles manure, humus, compost, etc.
Podzolic soils, in addition, should still be limed. Lime or ground limestone is applied once every five to seven years, on average, 1.5 kilograms per 1 square meter. best time making lime is autumn.
Video: How and what to fertilize fruit trees
In this video, an expert will tell you about how to properly fertilize fruit trees and what exactly.
Video: Apple Orchard Technology
When caring for a young garden, it is necessary to ensure the survival of all planted fruit trees, create conditions for good growth seedlings and building the correct crown of the tree, as well as to ensure the early entry of trees into the fruiting season.
And shrubs is the most important agrotechnical measure, on which the further growth of crops depends, their decorative properties and fruiting. Fertilizers applied in the spring saturate the soil with nutrients necessary for plants, which contribute to abundant flowering, the formation of an ovary, and an increase in productivity. Fruit crops grow for many years in the same soil, from which they continuously consume nutrients. Fertilizers introduced in the fall are not able to fully cover the need of plants for useful elements. Therefore, by spring, when the intensive growth of trees resumes, the soil is in dire need of mineral and organic top dressing. The lack of nutrients during the growing season can seriously weaken the plants, which will certainly affect fruiting and fruit quality.
With the onset of heat, growth and vegetation are activated in plants, and these processes are best carried out with the participation of nitrogen. Therefore, among the first, nitrogen-containing agents are used. The second most important are potassium and phosphorus. They are introduced later, at the stage of intensive growth and flowering.
Important for the development of fruit trees in the spring are substances such as hydrogen, carbon, magnesium, calcium, iron, sulfur. If trees consume hydrogen and carbon from the soil, then they need to deliver chemical elements through the introduction of complex mineral mixtures. Ready-made industrial mixtures are more effective, as they also contain many microelements: copper, manganese, cobalt, boron in a form accessible to plants. From organic materials, manure of various origins (bird, cow, pig), peat, compost can be used as fertilizer in the spring. Green manure crops introduced in autumn give a good effect. By spring, they completely rot and form an effective natural fertilizer. Green manure is recommended to be grown on sandy and sandy soils, where the lack of humus is especially felt.
The first fertilizing with nitrogen is necessary for all fruit and berry crops without exception. For each type, you can choose the most best option fertilizers, but for this you need to know which plants to feed with what:
- apple and pear trees are good, with humus, droppings, after flowering it is necessary to add superphosphate, a potash agent (potassium sulfate);
- for cherries, plums, the first dressing in spring may consist of urea, or ammonium nitrate, during flowering - from bird droppings, at the end of flowering - from manure, compost, dry organic mixtures;
- berry bushes in the spring they fertilize with potassium nitrate, nitrophoska, you can also apply ash with urea under the root (3 tablespoons of urea, 0.5 cups of ash / 10 l of water), or rotted manure with the addition of saltpeter (1 bucket of manure / handful of saltpeter).
Video "Expert opinion on feeding"
Video review of the most popular top dressing for fruit trees, as well as helpful tips for fertilizer.
What to do in March
The first feeding of fruit crops is carried out in early spring, when the snow cover has just begun to melt. During this period, nitrogen-containing agents are used - industrial mineral mixtures that stimulate the vegetative process. Soluble mineral fertilizers are recommended to be scattered on top of the snow in the near-stem circles, which had to be well loosened in the fall. Such a surface fertilization of the soil is good because the melt water, penetrating into the ground, will dissolve and pull nitrogen with it. Nitrogen products are evenly distributed around the trunks within a radius of about 50 cm - ideally, the radius of top dressing is outlined by the width of the crown. It is in this zone that there is the largest number of root endings that actively absorb useful elements. An adult tree needs 2-4 handfuls of a nitrogen mixture (100-120 g), a young one is enough, about 40 g.
When carrying out top dressing, attention should be paid to the location of the landing. If the site is located on a slope, it is better to wait a little with top dressing, as the product can be washed off. melt waters, which usually do not linger on the slopes. It is also undesirable to bring the mixture into frozen ground with large quantity snow - in this case, the fertilizer will lie on the soil surface for a long time, due to which nitrogen can partially evaporate.
When applying nitrogen-containing preparations in the spring, the dosage should be observed - the principle "the more the better" does not apply here. Too much nitrogen in the soil can cause fungal diseases, and also weaken the immunity of plants. Experienced gardeners do not recommend feeding trees with complex mixtures labeled "spring". In such products, as a rule, the concentration of nitrogen is very high, in addition, potassium and phosphorus are present in their composition, which should be added a little later.
For seedlings and young fruit trees, organic top dressing with urea, liquid manure and droppings is more suitable. These fertilizers are diluted with water and applied directly to the soil under a tree or bush. When preparing an organic solution, it is recommended to adhere to the following ratio: 300 g urea / 10 liters of water, 1.5 liters of liquid manure / 10 liters of water, 4 liters of liquid manure / 10 liters of water. The approximate consumption of the solution per tree is 4-5 liters.
What to feed in April
April is the period of flowering and active formation of the deciduous part, so it's time to feed garden trees potassium and phosphorus. Both elements are necessary for the strengthening and normal growth of trees. Phosphorus strengthens the roots, promotes their growth and fixation in the soil. Potassium promotes the formation of side shoots, so it is especially important for young trees and seedlings.
It is desirable to use these components separately, therefore complex complex mixtures containing both components will not work in this case. Phosphorus fertilizer (superphosphate) is best applied in the first half of April, deepening it into the soil of the root zone in close proximity to the roots. For each adult tree, 60 g of the product is required, half a serving is enough for a young tree.
It is not advisable to introduce potassium in its pure form - it is better if it is included in simple mixtures: potassium sulfate, potassium magnesia, potassium salt, furnace ash. potash fertilizer applied at a dosage of 20-25 g/1 tree.
At the end of flowering, garden trees can be pampered with organic matter. In April, be sure to pay attention to feeding pears and apple trees. Many people prefer to use the so-called green fertilizer for this purpose, which must be prepared in advance, since it takes 3 weeks to ripen. The cut grass should be placed in a barrel, filled with water, covered with polyethylene, in which small holes should be made, and insisted. Finished product diluted with water 1:10 and applied to the root zone.
Fertilizers in May
In the last month of spring, the formation of the ovary occurs and the growth of fruits begins, so fruit crops must be additionally fed. organic materials: rotted manure, compost, biohumus. In the absence of organic fertilizer, you can purchase a complex mixture with a slight predominance of nitrogen, which is most suitable for this type of soil. In May, fertilizer can be applied in different ways:
- to close up in depressions in the soil;
- dig with the ground;
- mix with loosened earth in the near-trunk zone;
- mix with mulch, as well as straw, rotten leaves.
To fertilize apple and pear trees, you can use mineral and organic products at the same time. In mid-May, during the period of active flowering, it is necessary to feed the berry bushes - apply liquid manure or urea under the root with a small addition of saltpeter, ash. May top dressing with mineral mixtures can also be carried out foliarly. In this case, the crown treatment solution should be slightly weaker than indicated in the instructions. It should be understood that the green part absorbs nutrients well and the trees are saturated faster, but still, root dressing it is preferable, since microelements with this method of application remain in the soil longer.
What you need to know
When growing fruit and berry crops, you need to know what subtleties and features should be taken into account in the process of feeding:
- the root system of any plant absorbs the subcortex better in liquid form;
- young trees in the first year of life do not fertilize - seedlings should be fertilized only after full rooting, which is achieved, as a rule, in the second year after planting;
- it is advisable to apply any remedy in the evening, in cloudy weather;
- dry fertilizers are best applied to moist soil, when applying dry compost, manure, the soil must be well watered - the exception is nitrogen mixtures scattered over the snow in spring;
- liquid solutions are applied only to wet soil - top dressing in dry soil can lead to root burns;
- in the first years of a tree's life, the effect of applying fertilizer is less noticeable than during the period of growing up and active fruiting;
- the root system of an adult fruit tree significantly exceeds the boundaries of the crown projection (on average by 0.5 meters);
- into fertile soil organic fertilizer can be applied not annually, but 1 time in 2-3 years, poor soils need annual and repeated top dressing;
- lime fertilizer can be applied to the soil no more than once every 5-6 years.
Every gardener knows getting high yield impossible without special top dressing in the spring. Fertilizer, correctly and timely applied during the growing season, plays a crucial role in further development plants - increases its chances for a healthy existence and successful fruiting.
Video "Care for fruit trees and shrubs"
Informative video about the care, fertilization of trees to improve fertility and pest control.