Every summer resident knows that caring for a garden and a vegetable garden consists not only in pruning and grafting trees and shrubs, feeding and harvesting, but also in regularly spraying plants with various preparations and fertilizers. The most commonly used urea is from pests or as an organic fertilizer.
Properties of urea
Urea (carbamide) is a nitrogen fertilizer, compared to other fertilizers, the nitrogen content in it is the highest - 46%. In terms of composition, it is organic compound, although it belongs to mineral fertilizers.
Nitrogen is very important for normal plant growth and nutrition. They get it primarily from the soil, but if it is sandy or podzolic, then there is little nitrogen in it for nutrition. Plants can also get nitrogen from the air with the participation of bacteria and algae; it can come along with precipitation from the atmosphere. But this is still not enough. With a lack of nitrogen, the plants stagnate, the leaves become smaller and lose color. The quantity and quality of the crop decreases, and the viability of the seeds decreases. Therefore, to obtain good harvest it is necessary to provide plants with sufficient nitrogen nutrition.
Most effective fertilizer for foliar top dressing is carbamide. Fertilizer is granules white odorless, which dissolve easily in water. When applied to the soil, urea is converted into ammonium carbonate in 2-3 days under the influence of bacteria that live in the soil. Fertilizer must be embedded in the ground, since ammonium carbonate decomposes and evaporates in the open air. Urea is easily absorbed by plants and does not burn the leaves when foliar feeding, and also destroys pests and pathogens of various diseases.
When and how to use urea?
For the destruction of pests and the prevention of diseases, the best result is obtained by spraying fruit and berry bushes and garden trees with a urea solution 2 times per season.
- Spring spraying
Garden processing is carried out in early spring - before buds are formed, at an average air temperature of + 5-6˚С. Pests are still in hibernation at this time. 500-700 g of urea is dissolved in 10 liters warm water, the solution is used at the rate of 2-3 liters per 10 m 2 area. In the spring, spraying the garden destroys the apple blossom beetle, weevils, aphids, and honey beetles. It is especially recommended if there were a lot of pests during the previous season.
In trees and shrubs, dried branches are pre-cut, the trunks are examined and dead bark and lichens are removed. It is necessary to clear the ground of fallen leaves, since pests and pathogens can hibernate in it.
Spraying with urea slows down the growing season, and the plants bloom 1.5-2 weeks later. This reduces the likelihood of injury. flowering plants late frosts in spring. For this purpose, it is useful to carry out processing with urea early varieties fruit trees and shrubs.
- Autumn spraying
In autumn, the garden is processed to prevent and treat fungal and putrefactive diseases, scab, in order to prevent pests from settling in the bark and fallen leaves for the winter. Work is carried out after the leaves have fallen from the trees - from late October to mid-November.
Processing the garden in autumn should cover the crown and trunks of trees as much as possible. If there are places on the trunk affected by diseases, it is necessary to give them Special attention... By the way, you can not remove the fallen leaves, but thoroughly treat it with a solution of urea. The drug will destroy pests that have settled in it for the winter and pathogens and will contribute to its rapid decomposition. As a result, excellent compost is formed from it by the spring.
In addition to preventive spraying of garden crops in spring and autumn, urea can be used against various pests purposefully.
- The use of urea against the Colorado potato beetle
There are many ways to kill the Colorado potato beetle. Unlike various chemicals, this method of fighting the beetle is very gentle. Spraying potato tops helps to get rid of the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae, and additionally serves as a plant food. To process potato tops from the Colorado potato beetle, prepare a solution of urea in water in a 1: 1 ratio.
Potato bait is used to kill the adult Colorado potato beetle in the spring before the breeding season. The tubers are finely chopped and left in the urea solution for a day, then laid out over the area where the potatoes will be planted. Chopped potatoes attract the Colorado potato beetle, and after eating the bait, the beetle dies. It is useful to use this bait in the fall, when the remains of the tops have already been removed from the site in order to prevent individuals of the Colorado potato beetle from laying down in the soil for wintering.
- Urea versus potato nematode
Urea can also be used to kill the nematode. It is necessary to dig a hole, put the plants that have affected the nematodes in it together with the ground, fill it with carbamide granules at the rate of 5 kg per 1 m ₃ and close the hole with uninfected soil. To prevent the reproduction of the nematode, the area where the diseased plants grew is also covered with 200 g of carbamide per 1 m ₃ and dug up. To prevent the appearance of a nematode with autumn digging urea is applied to the site: 100 g per 1 m 2.
- Using urea from aphids on currant leaves
The leaves of the shrubs affected by aphids swell and curl, it is difficult to fight the pest, some summer residents destroy the infected currant bushes. Nevertheless, for the destruction of aphids on currant leaves, you can use various preparations without the use of "killer chemicals". For spraying shrubs in the spring, a solution of urea and copper sulfate is prepared: 700 g of carbamide and 50 g of sulfate are diluted in 10 liters of warm water. Spraying of currant bushes is carried out in early spring, when the daytime air temperature begins to rise above 5⁰С.
Also, to combat aphids, it is possible to treat with urea not only shrubs, but also trees. Garden processing: carried out in the fall after the leaves fall. Prepare a solution of urea: 500 g per 10 l of water. The fallen leaves are raked and burned, the trunk and branches of the garden trees are sprayed with a solution. Treating the garden in the fall helps to eliminate pests that hibernate in the bark of trees.
- Foliar dressing
With the help of urea, it is possible to carry out foliar feeding plants, if they show signs of nitrogen starvation: growth retardation, small leaves and flowers, pale color of leaves. In fruit and berry crops, nitrogen starvation is manifested by a change in the color of the leaves, first the old leaves at the base of the shoots begin to turn yellow, then the young ones. Simultaneously with yellowing, reddish or orange shades of color may appear on the leaves. If plants experience nitrogen starvation for a long time, they may begin premature leaf fall.
For dressing, the solution is made in a lower concentration than for spraying against pests: 40-50 g per bucket of water. Work is carried out using a hand sprayer in the early morning or evening before sunset.
It is also advisable to carry out foliar feeding after the formation of ovaries and the formation of fruits on trees and shrubs, especially if the ovaries or fruits suddenly began to crumble.
You can use urea to fertilize the soil before planting vegetable and berry crops. For this, urea granules are distributed over the beds at the rate of 10 g per m ₃ and dug up. It is better to apply fertilizer in the fall, so that by the spring the beds are ready for planting. If this did not work out in the fall, then in the spring you can apply another option for fertilizing. It is necessary to make grooves around the perimeter of the garden and distribute urea in them. The grooves are covered with earth, the fertilizer decomposes quickly enough, and when watering, food will flow to the plants planted in the garden.
Urea increases the acidity of the soil when applied. Limestone is used to neutralize acidity.
Precautions when working with the drug
When working with urea, a number of rules should be followed so that the procedure is effective and does not harm human health.
- Processing is carried out after the preparation of the garden: fallen leaves are collected, dry branches are cut, dead bark is removed.
- Work is carried out only on a calm day, early in the morning or in the evening before sunset. If it rains in the next 2 days, the garden will need to be processed again.
- It is necessary to carry out work and dilute the solution with gloves, a mask and goggles. For work, a special spray is used so that it is possible to process the upper branches of trees.
- At the end of the work, you must thoroughly wash your face and hands, wash your work clothes immediately.
An experienced gardener and gardener does not forget to apply various fertilizers to their plants to help grow a healthy, fertile plant. It is especially important to fertilize the soil for the plant in spring and autumn. On the modern market you can find many types of "nutrition" for plants and soil. Urea is in particular demand - it is also called urea. As with all fertilizers, urea must be applied correctly so as not to harm the plant. Check out detailed instructions on the use of urea in the garden and vegetable garden.
Among the variety of fertilizers for the garden and vegetable garden, used both in spring and autumn, Urea or urea is widely known. This fertilizer is in the form of white granules, containing 46% nitrogen. Urea is the richest nitrogenous fertilizer, has good solubility and is distinguished by the absence of any odor. As the temperature rises, it increases the property of solubility. It is easy to assess the importance of the use of carbamide in horticulture and horticulture, knowing the importance of nitrogen fertilization for all types of plants.
Urea fertilizer is used for:
- activation of growth,
- obtaining bountiful harvests,
- keeping plants healthy.
Urea good helper in the garden and vegetable garden. Thanks to this approval, the plants gain color well, have a bright green color, and bring a rich harvest.
It is worth taking more seriously the treatment of soil and plants with urea. Lack of nitrogen leads the plant to a depressing state, the appearance of barren flowers, respectively, to a poor harvest. Some plant species can simply die due to a lack of nitrogen. It is also important not to overdo it with urea fertilization. An excess of nitrogen also negatively affects the development of the plant. It is worth carefully reading the dosage of carbamide for each type of plant.
Urea - instructions on how to apply fertilizer correctly
The best time to till the soil with urea
Most best time for the introduction of carbamide into the soil is the flowering period garden plants and before fruiting horticultural crops.
By this time, the soil was sufficiently depleted, and the most obvious signs of nitrogen deficiency in plants. It is worth choosing calm weather after heavy rainfall: this way nitrogen will penetrate into deeper layers of soil. Before planting, it makes no sense to use urea, since nitrogen particles are quickly washed out by sediments from the soil.
When a plant needs urea fertilization
During the period of plant development, it is important to be attentive to its appearance. The condition of the plant will tell you about the need to apply fertilizer. Having decided to use urea, you need to make sure that nitrogenous fertilizers are needed. Lack of nitrogen affects the appearance of the plant:
- Plant long time be in the sprouting stage (does not grow into a mature plant);
- The mature plant has small shoots, there are bare branches;
- Leaves are unformed, have white pigmentation, and often fall off.
If the plant does not have the above characteristics, it grows well and has a rich green color, do not rush to fertilize with urea.
Urea can also be used to prevent the lack of nitrogenous elements in the soil. It is not necessary to wait for obvious signs of nitrogen deficiency. Prevention will help improve plant health and anticipate yield decline.
What is the result of excessive application of urea?
Any fertilizer is good in moderation. Excessive hobby with the "feeding" of plants can lead to negative consequences. Strict adherence is imperative: the proportions of fertilizer, the time of application to the soil, and most importantly, the need for fertilization. Excessive enrichment of the soil with nitrogen can lead to a deterioration in the condition of the plant, affecting its fruiting and growth. The death of the entire plant is possible. In order not to harm the plant, you should carefully read the detailed instructions for using urea as fertilizer.
How to use urea as a fertilizer
Urea is widely used both in the garden and in the vegetable garden. It is suitable for fertilizing all plants. The ways of its application are also varied:
- Urea solution. A certain amount of urea is dissolved in water and the soil near the plant is watered.
- Application in the form of granules... The granules are introduced into the soil at a shallow depth, into the pre-moistened soil.
- Fertilizer when planting. When planting a plant, several carbamide granules are placed in the hole.
- Spraying plants. Urea is dissolved in water, after which the plant itself is processed.
The variety of methods and ease of use of urea gives it an advantage over other fertilizers. 
Fertilizer dosage for different crops in the garden and vegetable garden
- Fruit trees
Feeding trees with urea - important procedure in every garden. No matter how fertile the land is, over time its useful substances are washed out, dissolved and disappeared. To get a wonderful harvest, with large ripe fruits, it is necessary to spray the garden with urea.
Fruit trees should be nourished with urea three times per season:
- Spraying trees when the first greens appear in early spring
- Application to the soil in the form of a solution during flowering
- Application to the soil in the form of granules during the ripening period of the fruit.
When using urea as bait, you should adhere to the following tips:
- Fertilize apple trees in early spring after the first heavy rainfall. The soil should be completely thawed and well moistened, which will allow easy penetration of nitrogen into the soil.
- It is worth retreating 0.5 meters from the tree trunk, trying to spread urea under the crown of the tree. The foliage of the tree will create a shadow barrier, thereby preventing the rapid breakdown of nitrogen into trace elements from the sun's rays.
- Urea is not mixed with other types of nitrogenous fertilizers, they can react with each other and harm the tree.
For each type of tree, there is its own fertilization rate:
Apple tree
Apple trees are unpretentious and resistant to various changes in climate. They can fully develop on poor soil surfaces. But to get a high-quality harvest, you still need to take care of apple trees.
| SPRING | In early spring, feeding of apple trees is done in the form of adding granules to the soil. A certain amount of granules is introduced into the soil, a small depression previously made. If you measure the amount of urea granules in grams, you get 150 g per tree... After applying the granules, the soil is moistened. |
| SUMMER | The most effective method Urea's use for apple trees is spraying trees. Spraying is carried out during the flowering of the apple tree, before the ovary of the fruit. So the leaves of the tree quickly receive and assimilate the introduced nutrients, as well as in the rapid provision of assistance to an already sufficiently damaged plant. For young apple trees use 0,3% urea solution, and for mature trees 0,5% solution. The apple tree has large fruits, thus requiring a higher concentration of urea compared to other trees. |
| AUTUMN | IN autumn period it is worth refraining from feeding the apple trees with urea. Nitrogen concentration in winter period reduces the winter hardiness of the apple tree. This can lead to impaired vegetative function and lack of fruit. |
Pear
The pear tree has little difference from the apple tree. In their structure, they are similar, since they belong to the same family, thus the features of courting them are the same. But there are also some differences.
| SPRING | IN spring pear requires three times enrichment with nitrogen-containing fertilizer.
- The first complementary feeding is done during the period of swelling of the kidneys. Root feeding is introduced. Just like apple trees, pear trees should be fed after the first rainfall by applying fertilizer to moist, loosened soil. The quantitative composition of the fertilizer applied to the soil for pear trees is 100 grams under one tree... Fertilization with urea improves the root saturation of the pear with nutrients. - After the appearance of the first inflorescences, it follows, conducts the second feeding of the pear, which completely repeats the first. The nitrogen will help the tree recruit as many flowers as possible and prevent them from falling. The main thing is not to miss the moment. When the inflorescences fully open, a third urea fertilization is carried out. - Fertilizing the pear during the fall of the ovaries improves the quality (both external and taste) of pear fruits. For the third time, a smaller amount of carbamide will be used, so as not to harm the tree. The dosage of urea is reduced to 50 grams, or even 30 grams per tree. It is important to moisten the soil well and step back 0.5 meters from the tree trunk. |
| SUMMER | IN summer period foliar feeding of the pear tree should be carried out - spraying the crown of the tree. In severe drought or, conversely, rainy summer, spraying will help to quickly deliver nitrogenous substances, rather than with root fertilization. The sprayer is added solution of 100 grams of urea per 10 liters of water and the pear tree is processed with it. It is especially important to carry out summer feeding of the pear if signs of nitrogen deficiency are clearly visible. |
| AUTUMN | The pear, like the apple tree, should not be fed with urea in the fall. |
Cherry
The cherry tree has a weaker root system, compared to apple and pear, so the method of application of the fertilizer will be different.
Plum
Plum trees, due to their unpretentiousness, need minimal fertilization: they have enough trace elements in the soil. But for prevention, it is still worth using fertilizers.
Apricot
Apricot is a rather whimsical tree. Often it does not take root, but after taking root, it gives meager, often spoiled fruits. To avoid failure with the cultivation of apricot, you should carefully consider its fertilization. For the strengthening and growth of apricots, as well as for good fruiting, the tree is fertilized with urea.
Urea - chief assistant any gardener that helps to get a high-quality harvest and preserve healthy look trees.
- Vegetable crops
Caring for vegetable crops is different from fruit and berry crops. This is due to their undeveloped root system, thin and low stem. Also, almost all vegetable crops are annual, which determines their peculiarity in cultivation and fertilization. Urea for fertilizing vegetables is used only once for the whole season and only until the fruits ripen. The method of using carbamide for each vegetable is different:
| Vegetable type | Fertilization time | Mode of application | Dosage |
| Garlic | growing season | Root | Potassium chloride is added to urea - 10 g of urea, 10 g of potassium chloride per 10 liters. water |
| Cucumbers | growing season | Irrigation solution | 15 g of urea per 10 liters. water with the addition of 60 g of superphosphate. |
| Tomatoes | During planting | Pellets are placed in the well | 15 g of carbamide with the addition of 60 g of superphosphate |
| Cabbage | growing season | Root | A solution of 30 g of urea per 10 liters. water |
| Potato | The soil is fertilized before planting | The granules are placed in the soil | For 1 hundred square meters of land 2 kg of urea. |
You should be more careful about vegetable crops and their fertilizers. It is better to fertilize the soil before planting vegetables to concentrate chemical substances managed to dissolve.
The difference between urea and ammonium nitrate
Urea is the main type of fertilizer containing nitrogen in its composition. But there are other nitrogen-containing fertilizers as well. Among them, ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate) is widely known. Despite the similarity of the composition, which includes nitrogen, they have obvious differences:
| Urea | Ammonium nitrate | |
| Nitrogen percentage | 46% | 35% (maximum) |
| Mode of application | Urea is practically safe to use, does not have special storage conditions | Root only |
| Chemical composition | Organic compound | Mineral compound |
| Usefulness | Reacts faster and retains nutrients in the soil for longer | Long period of decomposition into microelements, rapid leaching from the soil |
| safety | Root and foliar | Ammonium nitrate can cause chemical burns (both to humans and plants). The composition is explosive, has special storage conditions |
Despite the economical use of ammonium nitrate in the form of fertilizer, which is cheap and economical in its consumption, experienced gardeners prefer urea fertilizer. Due to its explosive nature, ammonium nitrate is difficult to obtain on the mainstream market, which makes urea very popular among gardeners.
Pros and cons of feeding plants with urea
Urea is one of the most widely used fertilizers in horticulture. In the garden, urea is also indispensable and is used everywhere. Like any fertilizer, urea has both beneficial features, and negative:
Pros of urea as fertilizer
- Contains a high concentration of nitrogen 46%, compared to other nitrogen-containing fertilizers;
- Easily dissolves in liquid and mixes with other types of fertilizers;
- The chemical composition of carbamide enriches the soil with microelements;
- Indispensable in a sandy area;
- Trace elements of urea do not sink into the deep layers of the soil;
- Reacts quickly with soil bacteria and breaks down into trace elements.
Disadvantages of urea as fertilizer
- Reduces the concentration of acid in the soil;
- They are rarely used in the autumn, only for some plants;
- Easily washed off by precipitation and quickly dissolves from sunlight;
- Has a short shelf life;
- An excess of carbamide leads to the death of the plant.
Despite the disadvantages of urea as a fertilizer, it is practically impossible to replace it with another nitrogen-containing fertilizer. Ease of use, minimum harm to the plant, and most importantly organic origin are the main advantageous advantages of urea as a fertilizer.
An experienced and adventurous grower always takes care of his plants to make the most of them. useful fruits... To carry out excellent prevention or eliminate tree diseases, as an option, urea spraying is used in the autumn.
Urea as a substance and its action
Urea or Urea is a concentrated nitrogen fertilizer (46%) in the form of odorless white crystals, which is used both for spraying trees and for watering, feeding, planting plants, including garden plants. Her active substance- nitrogen, which not only contributes to the growth and development of plants, but also destroys their pests, prevents rotting of fruits.
What are the benefits of fertilizing trees in autumn?
The onset of cold weather high humidity, which accompanies late autumn, are the optimal environment for the formation of infections and diseases fruit trees your garden. To prevent this, it is necessary to carry out the autumn treatment of the garden with urea in the form of spraying.
Cherries, sweet cherries, apricots and especially apple, pear and plum need to be treated not only for obvious pests, but also for prevention. This will provide your trees not only with health, but also strength for lush flowering and a large ovary of fruits in spring.
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Treating the trees of your garden with urea in the fall will eliminate or prevent such diseases:
Rules for spraying the garden with nitrogen fertilizer in autumn
The best time is late autumn... Urea, as a highly concentrated nitrogen-containing fertilizer, for the prevention and destruction of pests should be used in late autumn, i.e. when the leaf fall is in the second stage or has already ended. The approximate month of this stage is the beginning to the end of November, depending on the climatic latitudes.
Video: Treatment of trees with iron vitriol. Iron vitriol as fertilizer
More early processing garden trees in the fall with urea can lead to tree burns, early fall of foliage, which will affect their vulnerability to frost and low intake of nutrients.
The priority is dry calm weather... A process such as spraying garden trees with nitrogen-containing urea requires both the absence of wind and dry weather. Firstly, it will provide the maximum effect, which will not be blown away by the wind or washed away by precipitation. Secondly, it is much safer for your health and your, perhaps, yard animals, because the composition of the fertilizer includes pesticides.
Video: Spraying with 5% solution, iron vitriol. Preparing the garden, grapes for winter
Preparing trees for processing... This applies mainly to trees older than 6-10 years, and which have obvious bark diseases. Before processing them, you should remove the diseased and affected areas of the bark with the help of hands or metal brush, shoulder blades. This will provide direct access to the affected area when spraying, as well as the accumulation of insects.
As for the foliage, even affected by diseases, then as unnecessary, it is not recommended to remove it and is also subjected to processing. In spring, the treated foliage will be an excellent fertilizer, a kind of compost for trees.
Spraying solution preparation... The difference between urea, as a top dressing and a medicinal product, in the composition of its solution. So, to destroy diseases and pests, a very concentrated solution is prepared per 10 liters of water, at least 500 g of fertilizer, and preferably 500-700 g.
The scale of wood processing... The entire crown of the tree should fall under the treatment with urea in the fall, i.e. use fine spraying, which will maximize the destruction of existing problems and prevent possible diseases.
Safety engineering... Take care of your health and use all necessary protection for working with chemical fertilizers: a respirator mask or thick gauze bandage, rubber gloves, goggles, etc. Wash your hands and face after finishing work, and send work clothes and shoes to the wash.
In the spring in gardens (especially those "old" like our SNT), it is more than desirable to carry out early spring treatment with protective chemicals.
Most effective drug.
Such a mixture not only destroys pests, but at the same time serves as a fertilizer for fruit trees throughout the summer, if spraying was carried out in the spring
1. Spraying trees with urea is more aimed at combating viruses and fungi, not a large number of copper sulfate in its solution will have the main anti-insect effect.
2. Method of preparation. The complex of components is designed for 10 liters of water. It includes 700 g of carbamide (urea) and 50 g of copper sulfate. First, pour urea into a clean bucket, fill it with water. Stir the solution well until completely dissolved. Dissolve copper sulfate powder in a separate container in a small amount (preferably hot) water (200-500 ml). Pour the blue vitriol solution into a bucket with urea while stirring. The spray mixture is ready. Be careful. The mixture is toxic. Do not spray trees in the wind. Use a respirator, mask, goggles to protect the respiratory system and eyes from harmful effects.
Note.
Processing with concentrated solutions can be carried out no more than 1 time in 3 years for wood that has matured last year (otherwise, it is desirable to reduce the concentration by half). "Shock" doses should be applied in years epiphytotia(Spread infectious disease plants on large territories (farm, district, region) for a certain time; epiphytotia in gardens usually manifests itself in the form of mass phenomena of late blight, scab, aphid invasion ...).
3. Do not mix urea with simple superphosphate, lime, dolomite, chalk.
4. The advantage of spraying with urea is in slowing down the growing season, i.e. later flowering and, as a consequence, a decrease in the risk zone for flowers falling under late spring frosts. The buds of the fruit trees that we sprayed will wake up 1-1.5 weeks later than the rest, untreated. Subsequently, the treated fruit trees will catch up, even overtake their untreated counterparts, but will be stronger and healthier.
5. When spraying fruit trees, you must also spray the ground, last year's leaves under the tree. By the way, the processed leaves will rot faster, since urea is very good at stimulating the decomposition of organic matter. In addition, spores of harmful fungi, pests under trees will be destroyed.
6. Many gardeners spread fertilizers such as urea in the snow or rain. This fertilizer dissolves well and moves with the layers of the outgoing snow. Thus, the fertilizer is simply washed away. Therefore, it is better to apply fertilizer locally along the perimeter of the crown in the form of a ready-made solution to a depth of 30-40 cm (make a hole with a drill or shovel).
Bordeaux mixture (to uncover)
Old proven method
To carry out blue spraying of trees on dormant buds, you need to take 400 grams of lime and 300 grams of copper sulfate in a bucket of water. It is very important to follow the rules for preparing the solution: first, vitriol is diluted in hot water, then add as much cold water to make a total of about 5 liters. Lime is also diluted in 5 liters of water, filtered, after which a solution of copper sulfate must be carefully poured into this solution with a thin stream. Into the prepared mixture blue do not add water, Bordeaux liquid must be used on the day of preparation.
To add stickiness to the ready-made Bordeaux mixture (so that the rain does not wash it off), you can pour into it soap solution based on laundry soap. The more concentrated the soap solution, the more sticky it forms. Just keep in mind that total amount the prepared solution for spraying Bordeaux mixture with laundry soap must comply with the recommendations indicated on the package - 10 liters.
inkstone (to uncover)
Helps in the fight against diseases caused by bacteria and fungal spores (apple and pear scab, lichen, moss). After early spring spraying, the bark of trees acquires elasticity and a certain softness, and the moss and lichen will disappear during the season.
Iron vitriol is one of the most important trace elements, with a deficiency of which leaves turn yellow in plants and young shoots die off. Processing is carried out before bud break, otherwise, young leaves of plants can be severely damaged. The recommended dose for spraying with iron sulfate varies from 50 to 100 grams per 10 liters of water. Interestingly, the manufacturer does not write this information on the packaging, and amateur gardeners have to find it in other sources.
Attention! Iron vitriol must not be mixed with lime. On the basis of slaked lime, it is allowed to prepare a mixture only with copper sulfate.
Can urea and vitriol be mixed? How often should you fertilize? What is the effect of the excess or deficiency of this or that element? The answers to these questions can be found here:
WHAT MINERAL FERTILIZERS CAN BE MIXED WITH EACH OTHER?
- Do not try to flood the plants as much as possible. big amount drugs. Process selectively.
- Do not forget about the sense of proportion when treating the garden with urea (urea).
- It is impossible to spray with copper sulfate in the rain or in extreme heat.
- The average liquid consumption is 2-10 liters per young / adult fruit tree.
- In order for the solution to settle better on the bushes, add 2 tablespoons of sugar or 30 grams of soap.
- Spraying the garden with carbamide should be carried out within clearly defined terms. The urea itself should be stored in a well-ventilated area. Its shelf life is no more than 6 months.
- Products purchased in stores must have appropriate quality guarantees from manufacturers.
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Ammonium nitrate is used in 80% of agricultural crops. Helps to develop building material in plant cells. That is why saltpeter is actively used for soil fertilization. In addition, saltpeter is an explosive component. Saltpeter can be stored well and for a long time, it absorbs moisture perfectly.
In addition to the fact that ammonium nitrate just wonderfully impregnates the soil, it also prevents and eliminates possible plant diseases, strengthens their immunity. Most often, ammonium nitrate is used if several crops of the same class grow in one area at once (for example, nightshade or legumes). How it works?
Garden treatment with urea
- For example, without the use of ammonium nitrate, potatoes should not be planted from year to year in the same area, because this leads to the growth of pathogenic fungi, which reduces the yield. Ammonium nitrate eliminates this problem.
Types of ammonium nitrate
There are such types: simple ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate grade B, ammonium potassium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate (aka Norwegian), magnesium nitrate (magnesium nitrate water), calcium nitrate, porous ammonium nitrate.
The most appropriate doses of ammonium nitrate for various crops
Root crops - 5 - 7 g / m2. at the same time, shallow furrows are made between the rows. Ammonium nitrate is poured to a depth of 2 - 3 cm.
Vegetable crops - 5 - 10 g / m2. During the growing season, it is applied 2 times. The first time before flowering - in June, and the second - after fruit set - in July.
Fruit trees - 15 - 20 g / m2. For feeding, ammonium nitrate is used dry. A single application at the beginning of the season is sufficient. Further, the ammonium solution is poured under the root and applied 2-3 times throughout the summer. For such purposes, a proportion of 25-30 g per 10 liters of water is prepared.
Ammonium nitrate is mineral fertilizer is, in fact, the same as ammonium nitrate or ammonium nitrate. Chemical formula- NH4NO3. One of the most widespread nitrogen fertilizers... The main component is nitrogen, the minor is sulfur (3% - 14%). In low varieties of this fertilizer, the nitrogen content is over 26%, in high varieties - up to 34.4%.
Method of obtaining
Ammonium nitrate is extracted by neutralizing nitric acid with ammonia, which is formed from the combination of hydrogen with molecular nitrogen. Appearance- white granules with a slightly yellowish tint. The size of such granules is from 1 to 4 mm. It has magnesium additives, due to which it does not cake during storage.
To enjoy collecting bountiful harvest poured and fragrant apples, often it is necessary to take measures to protect the tree from diseases and insects. Experienced gardeners based on our own observations and experiments created effective system processing apple trees, which allows you to save the entire harvest. During this period, they are extremely vulnerable. But let's figure it out how to process apple trees in the spring from pests and diseases.
How to process apple trees in the spring
First of all, the apple tree growing in the summer cottage must be rid of infected branches and areas of the bark. After that, all the wounds remaining on the tree are treated with a solution of copper sulfate, and then garden pitch... Further, a garden whitewash is applied to the trunk, which can protect against infection and some overwintered pests. Now you can start spraying the trees.
Usually wood processing alone is not enough. It is best if the process has three stages:
- before the kidneys swell,
- during the period of swelling of the kidneys,
- after flowering.
The first stage usually falls in March, when the tree is still dormant and the air temperature is not less than +5 o C. During flowering, apple trees should not be sprayed, since bees will not be able to pollinate. Processing is usually done in the afternoon. It is advisable that during this period there was no wind and rain. So what are trees sprayed with in spring? Let's take a look at the most effective methods.
Copper sulfate for pest and disease control in spring
The use of this fungicide has been practiced by gardeners for a long time, so its effectiveness has been proven many times. With its help, scab, moniliosis, curliness, phyllosticosis and other diseases are prevented and treated. However, copper sulfate has one significant drawback - it has high acidity. This feature can be mitigated by the addition of some alkaline component. For spraying apple trees prepare various solutions based on copper sulfate.
- Bordeaux mixture... It is a mixture of copper sulfate and quicklime. To obtain a stronger solution, which can only be used for the first spring spraying of apple trees, take 300 g of copper sulfate and 450 g of lime per bucket of water. Subsequent spraying is done with a more gentle solution, for the preparation of which you will need 100 g of vitriol and 150 g of lime.
- Burgundy mix... For its preparation, copper sulfate is mixed in equal amounts and soda ash... Then 100-150 g of this composition is dissolved in a bucket of water. The Burgundy blend is less effective than the Bordeaux blend, but its advantage is that after it does not form a film on the leaves.
- Mixture with laundry soap... Sometimes a solution of 20 g of copper sulfate, 150 g of laundry soap and 10 liters of water is prepared for spraying apple trees. This agent is least likely to burn the plant, but it does not always give the expected result.
Processing apple trees with iron vitriol and urea
The advantage ferrous sulfate in the processing of an apple orchard is that, in addition to fighting insects and various diseases, it allows the trees to be supplied with the iron they need.
Treatment of trees with urea and copper sulfate from pests and diseases
The lack of this element can be the cause of a poor harvest or underdevelopment of fruits. Usually a 3-5% solution is used, and if the dose is exceeded, the plant can be burned.
Urea is used in spring processing apple trees in order to control honeydew, aphids, leafworm caterpillar and other small pests and their larvae. A solution of urea, or carbamide, of high concentration (500 g per 10 l of water) is applied with the addition of a small amount of copper sulfate during the first spring spraying. A weak solution (50 g per 10 l of water) is used to treat the tree a week after flowering.
Spraying trees with diesel fuel and colloidal sulfur
Diesel fuel has a burning effect on the leaves and buds of trees, so it is advisable to use it for the first spring spraying, when the buds are not yet swollen. Processing an apple tree with diluted diesel fuel is indicated in cases where it is necessary to stop the decay process. To prepare a solution for 10 liters of water, take 0.5 liters of diesel fuel.
See also: How to whiten fruit trees in autumn?
Colloidal sulfur solution is good for preventing the formation of scab on the tree and powdery mildew... For 10 liters of water, you should take 30-80 g of sulfur. To form a stable suspension, add to the solution laundry soap... To combat ticks and fungal diseases, a sulfur-lime broth is prepared. To do this, you need to boil 2 liters of water, 600 g of slaked lime and 400 g of sulfur powder for 20 minutes.
Modern remedies for pests and diseases
There are a large number of products on sale that allow you to get rid of certain diseases or pests. Some of them have a complex effect, while others have a narrower focus.
To protect the crop, you can use only them or use them as an addition to the listed funds. The number of drugs of this kind on the market is constantly increasing, so it is difficult to list them all. Let's dwell on the most demanded ones.
- Preparation number 30... The main task of this tool is pest control, and its effect is very broad. The destruction of pests occurs not due to toxic substances, but through the formation of a film, which creates conditions that are impossible for their further existence. And although the Drug No. 30 is relatively harmless, it is advised to use it no more than once every three years.
- "Nitrafen"... Has both fungicidal and insecticidal properties. The drug is capable of burning the leaves, therefore it is used only until the buds swell.
- "Dnok"... It is able to rid trees of wintering insects and diseases such as scab, rust, moniliosis, clusteroporosis, coccomycosis and others. The drug should not be used more than once a season.
- Actellik... This drug is an organophosphate insecticide that causes the death of insect pests in just a few hours after spraying.
- Aktara... It is used immediately after flowering, it saves trees from aphids, scale insects, whiteflies and other pests.
- "Skor" and "Topaz". The drugs are used before and after flowering, their action is aimed at combating various fungal diseases.
How to process apple trees in the spring from pests and diseases - each gardener decides personally. Unfortunately, sometimes it is impossible to do without the use of such means. When there is a choice - to use chemicals or to be left without a crop - the decision is usually made in favor of the first option.
Before vegetative signs begin to appear on the trees, it is necessary to have time to carry out garden procedures that are associated with spraying the trees. In gardens, parks, they begin to do this in early spring - in March, as soon as the average temperature per day settles at five degrees.
Every gardener dreams of having the most beautiful garden... And for this, the trees must be healthy. Therefore, in early spring, it is necessary to begin the fight against pests that have managed and were able to overwinter in the bark of trees.
First, let's watch a video about the types of spring garden spraying.
So, we determined what to spray fruit trees it is necessary at a temperature not lower than 5 degrees.
Preparing the garden for spring processing
Before spraying, every tree and bush in the garden or park is carefully inspected, and sometimes some branches are frozen and dead. They must be carefully cut with a hacksaw. With the help of a metal brush, the bark is removed from the trunks of old trees. With young seedlings, this procedure is not carried out.
Terms of garden processing with urea with copper sulfate in spring
The leaves around the trees are harvested so that the soil can be well cultivated. After winter, there are also many pests in it, which at the first opportunity are ready to move to the tree and begin to spoil it.
The first time the trees are sprayed before the first buds appear. At this time, larvae of caterpillars and aphids wake up. If you skip this time, then with the appearance of young leaves, the pests will wake up and begin to eat them.
How to spray trees in spring
Only the owner of the garden himself decides how to spray the trees in spring. To do this, you need to look at all the trees, and only then a decision is made. There are many tree spray mixes available. We will try to name the most inexpensive and safe products for humans.
So, here they are:
- bordeaux mixture;
- copper sulfate;
- urea;
- inkstone.
Early spraying in spring
For the first time, you can spray trees with these products as soon as the snow melts. It is best to spray trees on a cloudy and calm day.
For example, we take Bordeaux liquid... You need to take about one hundred grams of copper sulfate and 150 - 200 grams of quicklime. The powders are mixed in ten liters of water. So that the mixture does not quickly wash off the rain from the trees, you can add washing soap to the Bordeaux mixture. In early spring, it is recommended to treat trees with a 3% solution of the mixture, with the exception of young trees.
Attention! Do not mix urea with chalk, superphosphate, lime, dolomite.
The second time the trees are sprayed with a Bordeaux mixture, but this is done before the flowers bloom. The concentration of the solution for the second time should not be strong - 1%, this is enough to kill the pests that survived after the first treatment.
inkstone also used in tree spray solutions. It fights well against lichens, fungus and caterpillars. Thanks to iron vitriol, fungi, bacteria, mosses, lichens on the bark of trees are eliminated, and the bark itself becomes more elastic and healthier.
If mainly old trees grow in your garden, then you need to spray them not only in spring, but also in late autumn. In addition to the fact that the mixtures chosen by the gardener will help kill pests, they also increase yields.
Each tree in the garden requires a certain amount of the mixture. If you buy a ready-made chemical, then the manufacturer specifies the dose for each tree. In general, it is difficult to say to what extent a particular tree is sprayed.
Plants in the garden are treated to prevent diseases and pests. One of the most effective species processing is considered spraying trees with copper sulfate.
This fungicide has wide range Applications:
- helps to cope with scab, moniliosis, anthraccinosis and other diseases;
- promotes the healing of wounds - it is used as an antiseptic and disinfectant;
- saturates the plant with copper, helps to cope with deficiency of this substance... Sometimes the fungicide is introduced into the soil to saturate the soil with copper: about once every 5-6 years on peat and heavy soils.
Spraying trees with copper sulfate in spring carried out in order to destroy microorganisms - pathogens of fungal and putrefactive diseases.
Why plants in the garden are sprayed with urea, iron and copper sulfate in the fall
The treatment is repeated several times during the growing season in order to improve the natural immunity of plants.
We offer to use the services of professional gardeners. We will spray quickly, efficiently and inexpensively! 🙂
How to spray trees with copper sulfate
Before using the fungicide, it is necessary to properly dilute the preparation. Copper sulfate is a strong active substance, in its pure form it can burn a garden, therefore it is diluted with water, sometimes adding lime.
The most popular recipes for spray preparations based on a fungicide (calculated per 10 liters of water):
- 100 grams of copper sulfate - for early spring treatment for diseases;
- 50 grams of fungicide for treating wounds;
- 100 g of fungicide, 100 g of lime - this is the so-called bordeaux liquid. Dry substances are diluted separately (each in 5 liters of water), and then the resulting mixtures are poured into one container and mixed. The purpose of the liquid is to treat diseases.
Trees are treated with copper sulfate using the following technology:
- the ready-made solution is poured into the tank of the sprayer;
- the crown is covered with a uniform layer of liquid (fine dew).
After spraying, thoroughly wash your hands, face, rinse your mouth. Be sure to use "protection": glasses, gloves, respirator. The fungicide is quite "caustic", its contact with the skin does not bode well.
As a reminder, professional gardeners can spray plants in your garden. We will select the ideal composition for your plantings and process the garden with high quality! 🙂