1. Insectoacaricides.
2. Deratization agents.
The organism of arthropods is a specific environment where pathogens, in addition to their mechanical presence, can go through the phases of their development, accumulating biomass, preparing for a change of host. With their help, pathogens of bacterial infections are transmitted, such as tularemia, brucellosis, listeriosis, leptospirosis, protozoal and helminthic infections.
Insectoacaricides - preparations of chemical or biological origin, designed to combat harmful insects and ticks.
By origin, they are divided into: organophosphorus compounds, organochlorine compounds, carbamates, synthetic pyrethroids and drugs of different groups.
Of the total volume of consumed insectoacaricides, FOS accounts for 43%, COS - 17%, carbamates - 25%, other 15%.
Different arthropods, as well as intermediate forms of their development, are unequally sensitive to pharmacological agents. Therefore, in addition to general concept insecticidal effects distinguish between actions:
ovocidal - destruction of insect eggs, larvicidal - destruction of larvae and caterpillars, acaricidal - destruction of ticks, pesticidal - a wide spectrum of action. Substances that repel insects from animals are called repellents, and those that attract insects are called attractants.
According to the ways of penetration into the body of insects, they are divided into contact ones, piercing into the hemolymph through the cuticle of the insect; intestinal, entering the insect's body through the digestive apparatus, and fumigant, penetrating through Breathe-helping machine... V last years attention is paid to insecticides of systemic action. Introduced into the body of an animal enterally or parenterally in doses harmless to it, insecticides of systemic action destroy the gadfly larvae migrating in the tissues of the animal.
Requirements for insectoacaricides:
1. To have a specific effect on arthropods at all stages of development, and with the use of minimum doses;
2. Possess persistent ability;
3. Maintain efficiency under various meteorological conditions;
4. Profitability;
5. Safety for service personnel;
6. Should not have a long-term effect of action.
If a few years ago the main indicator limiting their use was their toxicity and persistence in the environment, today the long-term effect of action comes to the fore: mutagenic, teratogenic, carcinogenic, etc.
The mechanism of action of insecticides is different. Some of them violate the chitinous cover of the insect, others change the function of the respiratory or digestive organs. But the most effective violation of individual links of metabolism after drug resorption.
Insecticides are used in natural conditions in places of accumulation and breeding of insects, indoors and on the body of animals.
They are used by spraying, dusting, applying to the body surface with purons (watering animals along the spine with compositions of organic solvents and pesticides), bathing animals and aerosol treatment.
Insectoacaricides are used in the form of solutions, emulsions, lotions, suspensions, powders (dusts), aerosols, purons, insecticidal ointments, insecticidal pencils, insecticidal soap, zoo shampoos, films, tags, ear numbers, collars, smoke bombs.
The type of habitat of arthropods and the phase of ontogenesis determine the choice of means of control:
* in the fight against sarcaptoid mites - buying and spraying animals;
* with gnats and horseflies - checkers, tablets, cords, aerosol preparations;
* with lice and fleas - insecticidal powders, shampoos, various soaps, etc.
In connection with the prohibition of the use of persistent and highly toxic chemical compounds, the sanitary and toxicological value of these pesticides has significantly decreased, but their danger to living objects of nature is still quite high, which has a detrimental effect on the external environment.
Handling them requires clarity, punctuality, correct preparation of working solutions, adherence to the terms and doses of their use. Special attention must apply for the observance of conditions of personal hygiene and compliance with these requirements by all livestock workers. The physician should be well aware of the toxicity of insecticides to animals and, in the event of the very first signs of poisoning, quickly apply an appropriate antidote.
Organophosphorus compounds.
Compounds of this group are esters of a number of acids: phosphoric, thiophosphoric, dithiophosphoric.
The advantages of FOS are a wide range of insecticidal action, low resistance in objects of the external environment.
Two groups: contact and systemic action.
Contact drugs include chlorophos, trichlormetaphos-3, karbofos, baytex, metaphos, fusalon, gardona, neocidol, etc.
Systemic drugs - antio, amiphos, phosphamide, phospholidone, etc.
Some drugs - phosphamide, antio, have contact and systemic action.
Under the influence of physical and chemical factors of the external environment, FOS undergo isomerization, transalkylation, in the process of which more active and toxic compounds are formed. In the body, they undergo oxidative desulfurization (the elimination of sulfur associated with the phosphorus atom and its replacement with oxygen), the formation of conjugates with glucuronic and sulfuric acids, glutamine is possible. FOS are excreted in an unchanged form through the respiratory tract (20 - 25%), in the urine (30%).
The mechanism of action of FOS on insects and mammals is the same and consists in inhibition of cholinesterase, which leads to excessive accumulation of acetylcholine and impaired transmission of nerve impulses, which is expressed by short-term excitation, and then paralysis nervous system.
In insects, tremors of the body (mainly extremities), a disorder of coordination of movement with a loss of the ability to fly, paralysis, and death are observed.
Chlorophos (Neguvon, Dipterex)
White crystalline powder, readily soluble in water and most organic solvents.
It has a detrimental effect on insects and worms. Used to treat animals against flying insects. The cows are processed after milking. Possesses high systemic activity. It kills gadfly larvae in animal tissues, not only when applied internally, but also when applied externally.
Hypodermine - chlorophos
Hypodermini- chlorophosum.
11.6% alcohol-oil solution of chlorophos.
Transparent yellowish liquid with a slight aromatic odor. It is used against the larvae of a subcutaneous gadfly by watering cattle in a dose of 16 ml - for animals weighing up to 200 kg and 24 ml - with a greater mass.
Dioxaphos
Dioxaphosum.
16% chlorophos solution in organic solvent. Dose 12 ml and 16 ml (similar to hypoderminchlorophos).
DDVF (dichlorphos dichlorvos)
Transparent colorless or slightly yellow liquid, poorly soluble in water.
Has a selective effect on insects, ticks, worms.
Karbofos
Colorless liquid. They are used in the form of 1% water emulsion and 4% dust, Pedilin shampoo - to fight eggs and lice larvae, Carbozol aerosol.
Diazinon
Diazinonum (neocidol, bazudin).
Colorless oily liquid, poorly soluble in water.
Produced in the form of 25 - 60% emulsion concentrate, 40% wettable powder, 5% dust.
Dursban, sulfidophos, foxim, trichlormetaphos, phthalophos, etc. are also used.
Organochlorine compounds.
Organochlorine compounds are a group of drugs used in agriculture for various purposes. In veterinary practice, chlorine derivatives of cyclic hydrocarbons are most often used.
Their characteristic feature is high persistence, that is, resistance to the influence of environmental factors.
These are lipotropic substances.
These are mainly powders, less often liquids, poorly soluble in water, well in organic solvents and oils.
The mechanism of insectoacaricidal action:
easily penetrate into hemolymph, tissue cells, undergo dechlorination with the formation of free radical and peroxide compounds that destroy cellular structures. As well as FOS block acetylcholinesterase.
Until recently, HCH was used. Since 1989, its use has been banned.
Aurikan
Auricanum. Ear drops (Hungary).
Lightly colored liquid with slight opalescence.
Due to its multicomponent composition, it is effective for diseases of the ears in dogs and cats (microbial otitis media, otodectosis).
Instill 10 drops in each ear for 7 days.
prednisolone sodium - 0.03 g;
hexamidine isothionate - 0.05 g;
tetracaine hydrochloride - 0.2 g;
lindane (HCCH) - 0.1 g;
xylene 0.5 g;
glycerin - 2 g;
distilled water up to 100 ml.
Gamma isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane)
Crystalline powder of whitish-cream color with a specific odor.
Used in combination with creolin.
Folbex (cancer - 338). In its pure form - light yellow crystals. Let's well dissolve in alcohol. Used to combat varroosis in bees.
Carbamates.
In terms of biological activity, they are very close to FOS, they inhibit cholinesterase.
Their positive property is their relatively fast degradability in the external environment.
In veterinary practice have found application:
Baigon (proposcur, unde, aprocarb).
White crystalline substance, readily soluble in organic solvents.
Effective remedy fight against mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches and other insects, as well as ticks. It is used against mosquitoes and flies in the form of a 2% water emulsion with a consumption rate of 100 ml / m 2.
Release form - 80% and 20% emulsion concentrate, 1% dust and other forms (Bayer).
Bolfo-powder (1% proposcure) - the animals are powdered 2 - 3 times a week;
Bolfo shampoo - purchase within 5 - 10 minutes;
Bolfo collar;
Bolfo spray (balloons), etc.
Sevin
White powder, insoluble in water, produced in the form of 50 - 80% wettable powder or 7.5% dust.
It is used in the form of 0.5 - 1% suspension, in the form of 2% and 7.5% dusts.
Sulfur preparations.
Sulfur and its compounds are among the most important classes of pesticides. The introduction of sulfur into organic acaricides leads to an increase in the effectiveness and a decrease in the toxicity of the drug for warm-blooded animals.
Sulfur, as an element, has almost no effect on the animal organism, but interacting with alkalis and proteins, it turns into active compounds. On the skin and in the digestive tract, there are all conditions for the formation of such active compounds. For example, when sulfur is used, hydrogen sulphide and partly sulphurous anhydride are partially formed on the skin, which act acaricidal, antiseptic and irritate the exteroreceptors of the skin.
It is known that organic sulfur-containing compounds have biologically active properties: thiophenols, sulfides, disulfides. Aromatic disulfides have strong acaricidal properties.
Purified sulfur
Sulfur depuratum.
Lemon yellow powder.
It is used for the treatment of scabies, trichophytosis, dermatitis in the form of 10 - 30% ointments, liniment, dusts. When ingested, it irritates the intestinal interoreceptors, which contributes to the manifestation of a laxative effect. It is also used as an antidote for a number of poisonings.
cattle - 100 - 200 g;
small ruminants - 50 - 100 g;
dogs - 10 - 15 g;
pigs - 15 - 25 g.
Sulfur besieged
Sulfur praecipitatum.
The finest powder, easily absorbed when administered orally, which can lead to poisoning. It is applied externally in the form of 5 - 20% ointments.
Sodium thiosulfate
Natrii thiosulfas.
White crystalline powder, readily soluble in water.
When administered intravenously, it has an anitoxic, anti-inflammatory, antidote effect (in case of poisoning with cyanides, heavy metals). It is one of the components of the remedy according to Demianovich, used for the treatment of scabies (first, the affected areas are treated with a 60% sodium thiosulfate solution, after which a 10% HCl solution is applied).
Unitiol
Release form - powder, tablets of 0.25 and 0.5 g, ampoule 5% solution in ampoules of 5 ml.
The dose for intravenous administration is 10 - 20 mg / kg.
In addition, sulfur and sulfur-lime dust, colloidal sulfur, colloidal sulfur paste are used.
Plizol (diphenyl sulfide).
Received as a by-product in the production of coal-tar phenols.
Homogeneous, oily liquid of dark color.
It is used as an acaricide for the treatment of sheep in the form of 0.5 - 1% emulsions.
Lepran- sulfur-containing product of coal tar processing, containing 10 - 14% benzothiophene.
Liquid of dark brown color with the smell of coal oil.
The drug can be used for anti-scab treatment of young and lactating sheep.
Question 5.
Pyrethrins and pyrethroids.
Feverfew is a "Persian" powder, which is one of the best preparations in terms of speed of action on insects and harmlessness.
It is obtained from perennial species dolmac and Caucasian chamomile. The active substances of pyrethrum are six closely related chemicals: pyrethrin - 1, pyrethrin - 2, cyperine - 1, cyperine - 2, jasmoline - 1, jasmoline - 2, combined under one name - pyrethrins.
Currently, analogues of natural compounds- synthetic pyrethroids, the production of which exceeds 3000 tons per year - permethrin, cypermethrin, butox, fenvalerate, etc.
The advantage of pyrethroids is that they have high insecticidal properties, which are explained by an almost instant killing effect, they are harmless to humans and animals, since they are rapidly metabolized when entering the body.
A significant drawback limiting the practical use of many synthetic pyrethroids is their instability in the light and in the presence of atmospheric oxygen.
These are nerve poisons. The death of insects occurs as a result of excessive stimulation of the central and peripheral nervous system (stimulation of sensory, central and motor axons) - their molecules wedge into Na + conducting channels, etc. the sodium current increases. Channels cannot return to their original state. As a result, the axon is always polarized, which leads to its death as a result of hyperexcitation.
One of the properties that determine the high insecticidal activity is their pronounced lipophilicity, which increases the intake of pyrethrins into the insect organism.
Their insecticidal activity increases with decreasing temperature, and almost disappears at temperatures above 30 o.
Due to the use of pyrethroids in very small doses, they meet the requirements of protection to the greatest extent environment and are least associated with the likelihood of pesticide contamination of livestock products.
Permethrin (ambush, corsair).
Preparative forms:
stomazan - 20% emulsion concentrate;
creopyr - a composition of creolin and 2% permethrin or 2% stomazan;
anometrine N - 20% emulsion concentrate;
pirvol - 2% emulsion of permethrin on dioxanol.
Cypermethrin (cymbush, ripcord, etc.)
Preparative forms:
kinmix - 25% emulsion concentrate;
creohin - 2% kinmix emulsion on creoline;
dust "Tsimtal";
insecticidal pencils "Hoarfrost", "Nika", "Virtoks" and others; aerosols "Tsiperol", "Tsidem".
Decamethrin (deltamethrin).
Preparative forms: decis, butox.
Biologically active substances with insectoacaricidal properties.
Avermectins
A complex of eight chemically similar substances, representing a 16-membered macrolide lactone combined with two oleandrose sugar residues. It is a product of the vital activity of the culture of Streptomyces avermitilis.
Ivermectin - semi-synthetic hydrogenated derivative of abamectin.
Doramectin- a natural fermentation product of Streptomyces avermytilis.
Moxidectin- a semi-synthetic derivative of the product formed by Str. cyaneogriseus (contains no sugar residues).
The following preparations containing ivermectins and avermectins are used:
ivomek 1% injectable;
ivomek 0.5% puron;
duotin (1% abamectin solution);
bimek 1% injectable;
dectomax 1% injectable;
averse 2% injection;
aversectin ointment;
moxidectin 1% injectable.
Pharmamedine compounds
Amitraz
White crystalline substance, slightly soluble in water. It is metabolized in the body. Oppresses a 2 - adrenergic receptors.
Safe for ruminants, but toxic for horses.
The emulsion concentrate is used for buying and spraying cattle against ticks and lice at a concentration of 0.02%; for spraying pigs 0.05 - 0.1%; dogs and cats 0.05%.
Its dosage forms:
amitrazine, decta, ice, etc.
Benzylphenylurea derivative
Program- systemic insecticide.
Release form - tablets (red - 67.8 mg DV; gray - 209.4 mg DV), suspension in capsules (orange - 135 mg DV; green - 270 mg DV).
For cats and dogs inside 2 times with an interval of 30 days:
dogs - 10 mg / kg f. m. (tablets);
cats - 30 mg / kg f. m. (capsules).
Repellents
From the Latin repello - I repel, drive away, substances that scare away arthropods from animals and birds.
They are mainly used to protect animals from attacks by blood-sucking insects, and to prevent vector-borne diseases.
In modern practice, as R. is used mainly chemicals long-term actions - simple and esters, alcohols, aldehydes, amides, essential oils.
Distinguish R. olfactory, or fumigants (volatile substances), act on the nerve endings of the olfactory organs of arthropods and prevent them from choosing an object of attack (dimethyl phthalate, diethyltoluamide, kuzol, etc.); anti-bite or contact, acting on the taste and olfactory organs of insects in direct contact with the treated surface (gasoline, indalon, etc.); masking or deodorant, which neutralize or eliminate odors that attract insects (lemon oil).
Most R. belongs to the class of compounds with low toxicity for warm-blooded animals, in connection with which many of them, for example, benzimine (hexamide), diethyltoluamide (DEET), drugs R-203, PB-5, dimethyl phthalate, indalon, kyuzol, oxamate are used in veterinary medicine. ...
An effective method is low-volume, fine-droplet and aerosol processing, in which the bulk of the R. enters the hairline of the animal, which prevents the absorption of drugs through the skin, and reduces the risk of milk contamination. Processing of animals with violations of the integrity of the skin is prohibited. In contact with the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, and mouth, R. cause irritation.
Attractants
From Latin attraho- I attract to myself.
Baits, specific substances that attract insects and are used to control them.
Unlike repellents, A. have a strict specificity; they attract only a certain type of insect.
Distinguish between A.: sexual (attract individuals of the opposite sex), food (as a source of food) and A. - a substrate for laying eggs. Highest value have sex A., secreted by females and related to the sex pheromones of insects (BAS that stimulate sexual behavior). For example, genital A. was isolated from the female unpaired and black American silkworms. Various chemical compounds (ammonium carbonate, phenyl esters, amines, etc.) also have attractive properties.
In the fight against flies and cockroaches, liquid and dry food insecticides are widely used in combination with insecticides.
A. in gaseous form is of particular interest. for example, carbon dioxide to attract mosquitoes, midges, ticks, and light traps (using UV rays) used to catch mosquitoes, midges, and biting midges in the evening and at night.
A. is used when examining an area for pest infestation, as well as for the direct destruction of harmful insects.
An insectoacaricidal agent is described containing, as active substances, a composition of fipronil and alphacypermethrin at their concentration in wt% in general composition means: fipronil 0.01-10.0, alphacypermethrin 0.01-10.0, with a ratio of mass fractions of 1 part of fipronil to 0.1-20 parts of alphacypermethrin. The invention can be used to combat vectors of various transmissible and skin infections, to destroy insects in places where pets are kept, to destroy house dust mites that increase the allergenic load on the body of animals and humans. The product can be used in the form of a lotion, solution, spray, drops for topical use, conditioner for wool, etc. 7 C.p. f-ly, 1 tab.
Prevention of natural focal infections of viral, bacterial, protozoal and rickettsial etiology, the causative agents of which are transmitted by ixodid ticks ( tick-borne encephalitis(CE), borreliosis (ICB)), is a public health problem. Representatives of the families Ixodidae Argasidae, Sarcopnidae and Demodicidae have the greatest epidemiological spread of animal diseases (piroplasmosis, borreliosis, otodectosis, demodicosis, sarcoptoidosis, notoedrosis, “plucking itching”). Modern prevention of tick-borne infections is based on the non-specific protection of people and animals from the attack of ticks, carriers of infections, since there are no vaccines against most of these infections. This problem is solved by using acaricidal personal protective equipment.
Therefore, an urgent task of modern veterinary medicine and medicine is the development of insect repellent agents that would have the properties of fast, reliable protection against a wide range of insects and ticks, would have low toxicity and a sufficiently long-lasting effect.
For insect control, mainly compounds related to pyrethroids, organophosphates, carbamates and heterocyclic derivatives are used. Finished forms of preparations containing one compound as an active substance usually have a relatively narrow spectrum of insecticidal activity, a short time protective action and lead to the rapid development in insect populations of resistance to the active substance.
The existing combined insecticidal preparations, along with a sufficiently high efficiency, also have a number of significant disadvantages, because often do not take into account the totality of properties of compounds associated with the mechanism of action, spectrum of action, onset of effect, duration of effect, pathways of circulation and excretion from the body, toxicity, stability when used - on the skin on the surface of various materials (photostability, enzymatic lability), etc. ...
A known composition for the treatment of arachnoentomoses, containing fipronil and esfenvalerate as active ingredients (RF patent 2181243, 2002). The disadvantages of the composition are a limited range of purposes - for the treatment of arachnoentomoses in animals and the inactivity of esfenvalerate in relation to taiga ticks. The effect of a temporary increase in the aggressiveness of ticks due to esfenvalerate is possible, which increases the risk of bites and accelerates the suction of ticks at the initial moment of its contact with the skin of an animal or human.
A known insect-acaricidal composition for a mammal, containing fipronil and benzyl benzoate as active ingredients (RF patent 2283590, 2006) However, benzyl benzoate and fipronil do not have a quick contact effect, they are acceptable only for agents with long-term application and with the possibility of long-term contact with an insect for manifestation sufficient insectoacaricidal activity.
Known acaricidal agent containing as an active ingredient a mixture of alphacypermethrin and didecyldimethylammonium bromide. In this case, alphacypermethrin is used in an amount of 0.01-0.15% (RF patent 2242967, 2004). The disadvantage of this agent is the use in the composition of this composition of a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) - didecyldimethylammonium bromide, which acts as an antimicrobial and disinfectant, but does not significantly affect the prolongation of the effect or expansion of the spectrum of acaricidal activity of the agent. This combination allows you to expand the indications for the use of the agent due to the combination of the insecticidal and disinfecting properties of the components, but does not change the insecticidal characteristics of the agent.
It is also known acaricidal agent comprising imiprotrin and alphacypermethrin (RF patent 2280983, 2006). The disadvantages of this agent is that both components are characterized by a quick knockout effect, but they do not have a sufficient duration of insecticidal action associated with the specificity of penetration and distribution in the animal's body. Therefore, this combination will be effective for treating surfaces to preferentially protect against cockroaches, ants, etc. due to a quick contact action, but it will not be effective enough to provide a prolonged insectoacaricidal action when applied directly to the skin and / or hair of an animal.
The proposed insectoacaricidal agent is devoid of the disadvantages inherent in known combined agents, due to the fact that it contains a composition of fipronil and alphacypermethrin as active substances at their concentration in wt% in the total composition of the agent:
In this case, the ratio of the mass fractions of fipronil and alphacypermethrin, depending on the form of the drug, can vary from 1 to 0.1 to 1 to 20, respectively.
Pyrethroid alphacypermethrin is a mixture of two enantiomers (1R) - cis - S and (1S) - cis - R in a 1: 1 ratio. It has a high acaricidal activity, a quick onset of action, sharply limits the movement of ticks on the surface, does not accelerate the adhesion of ticks to the animal.
The disadvantages of alphacypermethrin are: destruction under the influence of the UV sun (photolability), relatively high toxicity to animals, irritant effect, deep penetration through the skin, moderate persistence and excretion from the body not only through the skin and hair, i.e. a relatively rapid decrease in concentrations in external tissues and a decrease in contact exposure.
When applied to the skin, fipronil is localized in the sebaceous glands, without getting into the blood of the animal. In this way, a reservoir effect is created that provides long-lasting and retention of efficacy when bathing the animal with shampoo. With sebum, fipronil is distributed over the surface of the skin and coat. Prolonged exposure to sunlight on the drug applied to walls, materials or animals does not reduce the effectiveness of the drug.
The invention uses a composition of substances with a fast (immediate) and slower (delayed) acaricidal and insecticidal lethal effect.
The use of fipronil, which is superior to alphacypermethrin in terms of the duration of the effect and is characterized as a less toxic (less irritating) compound for humans and animals, reduces the overall toxicity of the composition of fipronil and alphacypermethrin while maintaining its activity and effectiveness. Fipronil and alphacypermethrin complement each other in other indicators important for practical use for protection different types animals, when used in different seasons, provide a synergistic effect, increase the versatility of the insectoacaricidal activity of the composition.
Table 1 presents the results of studying the properties of solutions of individual substances of fipronil and alphacypermethrin in comparison with their composition in relation to adult forms of ixodid ticks (Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes ricinus).
The developed finished forms of insectoacaricidal agents, based on the use of a combination of fipronil and alphacypermethrin, provide more reliable protection of animals and humans from tick attacks than mono-agents of these substances, repellent agents and comparable known analogs.
One of the ready-made forms of an insecticidal acaricidal agent are drops for topical application (drip application on the skin, for example, on the withers of an animal), intended for long-term protection of animals from ticks and insects (from 2 weeks or more). The drops contain fipronil in a weight% concentration of not less than 0.5% (preferably 7%) and alphacypermethrin in a weight% concentration of not less than 0.25% (preferably 1.0%).
The finished form in the form of a lotion, solution, spray for application on wool, skin, plumage of birds has an insect repellent effect with a repellent effect for at least 3 hours and with an insectoacaricidal effect for at least 1 week and contains fipronil in a concentration of wt% no more than 1% (preferably 0.1%) and alphacypermethrin in a mass% concentration of not more than 1% (preferably 0.1%). In addition, repellents are included in this form, for example, acrep and / or DEET, with a total mass fraction of repellents of at least 5%.
This form of agent is used by aerosol propellant or non-propellant spraying or direct application with a napkin, mitten, etc., to provide an insect repellent effect in order to protect animals from insect and tick attacks in the spring-autumn period when walking in the forest, etc. etc., for targeted local application with the aim of direct destruction of adherent (mites) or insects. It can also be used for external processing dressings to protect wounds from flies.
A liquid form (solution, lotion, emulsion) for use as a spray for treating places where animals are kept with a duration of effect of at least 1 week (10-14 days) contains fipronil in a concentration of wt% no more than 1% (preferably 0.1%) and alphacypermethrin in a concentration by weight of not more than 1% (preferably 0.3%).
This form of agent is used to treat curtains, mosquito nets, walls, bedding, etc. in the conditions of tourism, fishing, hunting and labor activity, on vacation, on farms, in stables, in open-air cages, in other household and residential premises, at competitions with a high number and activity of blood-sucking insects and ticks; to protect against insects spreading through rodents.
Each of the listed forms may additionally contain, as an active ingredient, benzyl benzoate in a working concentration of at least 0.1% by weight (preferably 1%) and / or neem extract (Mélia azedárach L.) at a concentration of at least 0.1 wt% % (preferably 0.5%). It is also possible to add essential oil of fir and / or vanillin to flavor, deodorize and enhance the repellent effect.
Each of the listed forms (preferably a composition for topical use) can be used to be incorporated into a collar obtained from polymeric, natural or combined materials. When wearing a collar, animals are provided with a protective insectoacaricidal effect.
The ready-made form in the form of a conditioner for wool in the form of a balm or a spray combines a short acaricidal effect (2-3 days) with cosmetic and hygienic properties: it provides effective dry cleaning of the wool (improved combing, reduced hair tangles, combing and mechanical removal insects), antifungal effect, dandruff reduction. The balm contains fipronil at a concentration of not more than 0.1% by weight (preferably 0.02%) and alphacypermethrin at a concentration of not more than 0.1% by weight (preferably 0.02%) and additionally contains the active ingredients - benzyl benzoate at a concentration wt% no more than 1% and neem extract (Мélia azedárach L.) in a wt% concentration no more than 1%. Conditioning additives, such as cellulose and silicones derivatives, are used as additional auxiliary components providing easy combing of wool and other cosmetic and hygienic effects.
The product can be produced in the form of a concentrate in liquid form, which is diluted to the recommended working concentrations before use. The content of fipronil in the concentrate is up to 5% (preferably 1%), alphacypermethrin up to 10% (preferably 5%). The content of benzyl benzoate in the concentrate can be up to 10%, neem extract - up to 3%.
Before use, the concentrate is diluted 20-30 times in water and applied by aerosol or other method of application to the treated surfaces.
Acaricidal drops (composition for topical use)
Recipe
Auxiliary components up to 100 ml: PEG 400, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, antioxidant, PEG 40 hydrogenated castor oil, lavender essential oil.
The resulting result
The drug provided insectoacaricidal protection against tick attacks for at least 40 days, and against fleas for at least 60 days.
Insectoperative spray
Recipe
Auxiliary components up to 100 ml: PEG 400, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, antioxidant, povidone, PEG 40 hydrogenated castor oil, lavender essential oil.
Purpose and method of application
The product was used in a propellant-free package with a spray nozzle for applying the product in the form of a spray. The bottle is held vertically, directing the spray from a distance of 10-25 cm against the growth of the hair (lifting the long hair), if necessary, the ammunition and clothing of the animal (blanket, etc.) are processed. Processing is carried out before walking in places with a high risk of insect attacks (especially ticks) at the rate of: for cats and dogs - 2-3 ml per kg of weight, for horses 60-120 ml for full processing. When processing, it was taken into account that one press of the spray device corresponds to 0.7 ml of the drug. It is necessary to avoid contact with eyes, mucous membranes, open wounds, therefore, the agent should be distributed in these places with great care, for example, with a napkin or sponge.
The resulting result
The repellent effect was formed immediately and persisted on wool for up to 8 hours, on fabrics for up to 5 days. The agent provided acaricidal protection for at least 10 days.
When applied to a wound dressing (aerosolized to lightly wetting the bandage), the drug provided protection from flies for at least 6 hours.
Insectoacaricidal solution for treatment of places where animals are kept
Recipe
Auxiliary components up to 100 ml: PEG 400, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, antioxidant, povidone, PEG 40 hydrogenated castor oil, lavender essential oil, denatured alcohol (bitrex).
Purpose and method of application
The product was used in a propellant-free package with a spray nozzle for applying the product in the form of a spray. The bottle is held vertically, directing the spray from a distance of 20-30 cm to the treated surfaces (floor, walls, litter, stall, aviary, kennel, etc.).
The resulting result
The drug provided protection against the spread and attacks of various insects and ticks in places where animals were kept for at least 2 weeks.
Insectoacaricidal concentrate for preparation of solution for treatment of places where animals are kept
Recipe
Auxiliary components up to 100 ml: PEG 400, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, antioxidant, PEG 40 hydrogenated castor oil, lavender essential oil, denatured alcohol (bitrex).
Purpose and method of application
The drug is used to treat places where animals are kept in order to protect against flying and flightless insects (mosquitoes, midges, biting midges, flies, gadflies) and ticks.
They are used to treat curtains, mosquito nets, walls, ceilings, awnings, bedding, ammunition, etc. on farms, in stables, in open-air cages, at competitions, in conditions of tourism, fishing, hunting and under stress, on vacation, with a high number and activity of insects and ticks. Destroys arthropods, prevents their reproduction and spread through carriers - rats, etc.
Before use, the concentrate is diluted 20-30 times with water (0.5 liters of concentrate for 1-1.5 buckets of water). The degree of breeding (20-30) depends on the activity of insects and mites. Mixing is carried out in a clean container by introducing the concentrate into water with constant stirring. Storage in a diluted form until use for no more than 10 hours, vigorously stir before application.
Contains bitterness (bitrex) to protect the treated surfaces from licking and gnawing by animals.
The diluted agent is applied by aerosol method (using any device for aerosolizing liquids) on the treated surfaces or applied using napkins.
The treatment is carried out at the rate of 10-20 ml of the diluted product per 1 m 2.
Consumption: 1 bottle of 0.5 liters is diluted into 1-1.5 buckets, which is enough for processing from 500 m 2 to 1.5 thousand m 2.
The resulting result
The duration of the insectoacaricidal effect is at least 10 days.
Insectoacaricidal conditioner for wool
Recipe
Auxiliary components up to 100 ml: ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, PEG 400, water, polyquartenium-10, DC 5330, antioxidant, PEG 40 hydrogenated castor oil, lavender essential oil.
Purpose and method of application
The product combines insecticidal and acaricidal properties with cosmetic and hygienic characteristics. Used for dry cleaning of wool - combing will improve, hair tangling is reduced, combing and mechanical removal of insects is facilitated. The product was used in a propellant-free package with a spray nozzle for applying the product in the form of a spray. The bottle is held vertically by directing the spray from a distance of 10-25 cm against the growth of the coat, lifting the long coat. Processing is carried out before walking the animal at the rate of: for cats and dogs - 2-3 ml per kg of weight.
The resulting result
The drug provided insectoacaricidal protection against tick attacks for at least 3 days. The preparation facilitates hair combing and mechanical removal of mites after walking. In addition, when using the drug, a decrease in the formation of dandruff was noted.
Insecticidal collar
Recipe
It is a PVC tape impregnated with an insectoacaricidal composition corresponding to the composition of a composition for topical use, at the rate of 0.7-0.8 g of active ingredient per 10 g of tape. The collar is packed in a hermetically sealed bag enclosed in individual consumer packaging.
Purpose and method of application
Used for long-term protection against fleas and ticks.
Put on a collar around the animal's neck (dog, cat) at least 24 hours before going to places where there is a potential for tick attacks. Before walking in places of large accumulation of ticks, additionally spray the limbs of the animal. The use of a collar to increase the effectiveness of protection against ticks is best combined with other forms of the drug for a similar purpose in the form of drops or spray.
The resulting result
The active components that make up the collar, gradually emerging from the surface of the tape, are transferred to the hairline of the animal and have an insectoacaricidal effect on insects and ticks. As a result, the collar provided protection against fleas for 3 months, against ticks for 1.5 months,
All funds from the above examples, subject to the recommendations for use, do not have a local irritant, skin resorptive and sensitizing effect.
In all the above cases, the proposed combination of insectoacaricidal components provides:
A synergistic effect, manifested in an increase in the effectiveness of insectoacaricidal action in comparison with monocomponent agents,
Expansion of indications for prescription,
Acceleration of the onset and prolongation of insectoacaricidal action in comparison with monopreparations.
The addition of repellents to the composition of the finished product forms increases their acaricidal efficiency and determines the presence of a protective effect against blood-sucking flying insects.
| Table 1. | ||||
| Compared properties and characteristics | Fipronil solution 200 μg / ml | Alphacypermethrin solution 200 μg / ml | Composition of fipronil and alphacypermethrin at 200 μg / ml | |
| Onset of acaricidal effect in vivo with topical application, hour | 20 ± 4 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | |
| Duration of effect in vivo with topical application, days | 5 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 9 ± 1.5 | |
| Effectiveness of acaricidal action when ticks come into contact with the treated tissue | LD 50 μg / g | 0.29 ± 0.06 | 0.23 ± 0.05 | 0.19 ± 0.04 |
| Mortality in an hour,% | 10 ± 1.2 | 42 ± 2.6 | 63 ± 3.1 | |
| Mortality in a day,% | 90 ± 4.2 | 94 ± 4.3 | 100 | |
| The effect of reducing the activity of ticks by the time of suction, min (with placebo control 5 min) | 10 ± 1 | 18 ± 2 | 32 ± 2 | |
| Ways of distribution and excretion from the body when applied externally | Through the skin and bloodstream. Cumulation and secretion through the sebaceous glands | Excretion through the skin, feces, urine | Excretion mainly through the skin, sebaceous glands. | |
| Photostability, spectrophotometrically by the dynamics of the decrease in the peak area in the UV region after exposure to the sun | high | low | high | |
| Enzyme sensitivity | low | high | moderate | |
| Toxicity | - belongs to the IV hazard class according to GOST 12.1.007-76 - MPC in the air working area- 0.01 mg / m 3 | - belongs to the IV hazard class according to GOST 12.1.007-76 - MPC in the air of the working area - 0.5 | - refers to the IV hazard class according to GOST 12.1.007-76 - MPC in the air of the working area - 0.5 mg / m 3 | |
| Skin irritating and sensitizing effect (drip method, exposure time 24 hours) | - absence Absence | - moderate Absence | - weak Absence |
CLAIM
1. Insectoacaricidal agent containing a composition of fipronil and alphacypermethrin as active substances at their concentration in wt% in the total composition of the agent:
with a ratio of mass fractions of 1 part of fipronil to 0.1-20 parts of alphacypermethrin.
2. The agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a ready-made form in the form of drops for topical use and contains fipronil at a concentration of 2.5-10 wt.% And alphacypermethrin at a concentration of 0.25-2.5 wt.%.
3. The agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a ready-made form in the form of a lotion, solution or spray for application to wool, skin, plumage of birds and contains fipronil in a concentration of 0.05-1.0 wt.% And alphacypermethrin in concentration of 0.01-1.0 wt.% and additionally contains repellents in a concentration of 5 wt.% or more.
4. The agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a ready-made form in the form of a solution, lotion or emulsion for treating places where animals are kept and contains 0.05-1.0 wt% fipronil and 0.05-1.0 wt .%. alphacypermethrin.
5. The agent according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that it additionally contains benzyl benzoate at a concentration of 0.1-1.0 wt.% And / or neem extract (Melia azedarach L.) at a concentration of 0.1-1, 0 wt%.
6. The agent according to claim 1, which is a ready-made form of a conditioner for wool in the form of a balm or a spray, characterized in that it contains fipronil at a concentration of 0.01-0.1 wt%, alphacypermethrin at a concentration of 0.01-0.1 wt% and may additionally contain benzyl benzoate at a concentration of not more than 1 wt% and neem extract (Melia azedarach L.) at a concentration of not more than 1 wt%.
7. The agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a concentrate in liquid form, which contains, wt%:
8. Means according to claim 1, characterized in that it is used as part of a collar made of polymer, natural or combined materials.
Insectoacaricides.
Deratization agents.
Plan.
1. General characteristics and classification of insectoacaricides.
2. Organophosphorus compounds.
3. Organochlorine compounds, derivatives of carbamic acids.
4. Sulfur preparations.
5. Preparations of different chemical groups.
6. Deratization agents.
General characteristics and classification of insectoacaricides
Insectoacaricides - preparations of chemical or biological origin, designed to combat harmful insects and ticks.
By origin, they are divided into: organophosphorus compounds, organochlorine compounds, carbamates, synthetic pyrethroids and drugs of different groups.
Of the total volume of consumed insectoacaricides, FOS accounts for 43%, COS - 17%, carbamates - 25%, other 15%.
Different arthropods, as well as intermediate forms of their development, are unequally sensitive to pharmacological agents. Therefore, in addition to the general concept of insecticidal influence, actions are distinguished:
ovocidal - destruction of insect eggs,
larvicidal - destruction of larvae and caterpillars,
acaricidal - elimination of ticks;
insecticidal - destruction of insects.
Substances that repel insects from animals are called repellents, and the means that attract insects - attractants.
According to the ways of penetration into the body of insects, they are divided into:
Contact, penetrating into the hemolymph through the cuticle of the insect;
Intestinal, entering the insect's body through the digestive apparatus;
Fumigant, breathing apparatus.
In recent years, attention has been paid to systemic insecticides. Introduced into the body of an animal enterally or parenterally in doses harmless to it, insecticides of systemic action destroy the gadfly larvae migrating in the tissues of the animal.
Requirements for insectoacaricides:
1. Must have a specific effect on arthropods at all stages of development when using minimal doses;
2. Maintain efficiency under various meteorological conditions;
3. Be economical;
4. Be safe (for service personnel and animals);
5. Should not have a long-term effect of action.
Insecticides are used in natural conditions in places of accumulation and breeding of insects, indoors and on the body of animals.
They are used by spraying, dusting, bathing animals and aerosol processing.
Insectoacaricides are used in the form of solutions, emulsions, lotions, suspensions, powders (dusts), aerosols, pur-ons, insecticidal ointments, insecticidal pencils, insecticidal soap, pet shampoos, films, tags, collars, smoke bombs.
The type of habitat of arthropods and the phase of ontogenesis determine the choice of means of control:
in the fight against sarcoptic mites - buying and spraying animals;
with gnats and horseflies - aerosol treatments and spraying;
with lice and fleas - insecticidal powders, shampoos, various soaps, etc.
- 2 - Organophosphorus compounds (phos)
Compounds of this group are esters of a number of acids: phosphoric, thiophosphoric, dithiophosphoric, etc.
The advantages of FOS are a wide range of insecticidal action, low resistance in environmental objects.
FOS are excreted unchanged through the respiratory tract (20 - 25%), in the urine (30%).
FOS is characterized by the phenomenon of "Lethal synthesis", when more toxic metabolites are formed from less toxic initial preparations.
Chlorophos (Neguvon, Dipterex) Chlorophosum.
White crystalline powder, readily soluble in water and most organic solvents.
It has a detrimental effect on insects and worms. Used to treat animals against flying insects. The cows are processed after milking. Possesses high systemic activity. It kills gadfly larvae in animal tissues, not only when applied internally, but also when applied externally.
Hypodermine-chlorophos Hypodermini-chlorophosum .
11.6% alcohol-oil solution of chlorophos.
Transparent yellowish liquid with a slight aromatic odor. It is used against the larvae of a subcutaneous gadfly by watering cattle in a dose of 16 ml - for animals weighing up to 200 kg and 24 ml - with a greater mass.
DDVF (dichlorvos, dichlorvos) DDVF.
Transparent colorless or slightly yellow liquid, poorly soluble in water.
Has a selective effect on insects, ticks, worms. Part of the drug "Estrozol".
Karbofos Carbophosum.
Colorless liquid. They are used in the form of 1% water emulsion and 4% dust, Pedilin shampoo - to fight eggs and lice larvae, Carbozol aerosol.
Diazinon Diazinonum (neocidol, bazudin).
In the Republic of Belarus it is produced under the name "Ratsidol".
Treatment of cattle is carried out in a ratio of 1: 1000, sheep and pigs 1: 2400.
Colorless oily liquid, poorly soluble in water.
Produced in the form of 25 - 60% emulsion concentrate, 40% wettable powder, 5% dust.
Dursban, sulfidophos, foxim, trichlormetaphos, phthalophos, etc. are also used.
Proteid Proteidum
The drug contains 3% alpha-cypermethrin and 30% chlorfenvinphos emulsifiers and organic solvents.
Before use, the drug is diluted in a ratio of 1: 1000.
Rateid Rateidum
Insectoacaricidal preparation, which is a clear yellow or light brown liquid with a specific odor. Contains 5% cypermethrin, 30% chlorfenvinphos, emulsifiers and organic solvents.
The protective residual effect on the skin and hair of animals lasts up to 30 days.
Before use, raheid is mixed with water in a ratio of 1 part of the drug and 1000 parts of water (1: 1000).
Insects are creatures that can adapt to any environment. That is why they are found anywhere in the world. Unfortunately, together with their population, they spread great amount diseases for animals and humans. Some of the viruses are deadly, even in small quantities. Because of which, the problem cannot be ignored. Pharmaceutical scientists have invented acaricides to fight insects.
Diseases and viruses in animals
The problem of pathogenic insects has been around for decades. Previously, it was treated with phosphorus and chlorine organic preparations. Unfortunately, they are highly toxic and leave behind adverse effects. The youngest and oldest individuals of animals suffered especially, because their immunity is unable to independently fight either insects or side effects drugs.
What is the danger of contact with insects for people and animals:
Other insects can cause scabies, ear mites, and itchy mites.
Medicines
Syntactic insectoacaricidal preparations are used today.... They are safer for animals and people, but this is not their only plus in comparison with previous acaricidal preparations for ticks and other insects:
- One insecticidal acaricidal agent is most often universal and helps to get rid of a variety of insects.
- Chemicals are unable to get rid of insect eggs and larvae. Why does poison often kill adults, but the problem comes back again, after a while. Modern drugs last much longer and prevent the birth of new insects, and the new Neoron agent acts directly on the insect eggs themselves.
- Safe for people and animals due to the minimal absorption effect.
The agent applied to the four-footed friend preserves protective properties up to one month, which prevents infection when walking, contact with a public water body or when communicating with sick animals.
Common remedies
Forms of production of drugs are completely different: collars, sprays, shampoos, drops. To the most popular liquid products relate:
Other forms of protection
The type of protective agent depends on the size of the animal, the weight and the degree of infestation. You can use special collars:
Whatever the reviews about acaricides, you should not self-medicate pets. Better to visit a veterinarian and get exact recommendation, as it may differ due to the type of animal, size and stage of the disease.
INSECTOACARICIDES
In the complex of methods for combating arthropods, the use of various chemicals of natural or synthetic origin is of great importance. At the same time, a distinction is made between agents used against insects (insecticides) and against ticks (acaricides). Many drugs are used simultaneously to combat ticks and insects. In this regard, for the convenience of presenting and using the material, information about insecticides and acaricides is considered appropriate to be placed in one section.
It should be remembered that the vast majority of insectoacaricides can be extremely dangerous for animals and humans, therefore, handling them requires accuracy, clarity, punctuality, correct preparation of working solutions, adherence to the timing and doses of their use. Particular attention should be paid to maintaining personal hygiene conditions. It is necessary to adhere to the waiting times for the use of milk and meat when applying insectoacaricides to animals. Permethrin
For many years, there has been a search for effective, affordable, harmless, cheap and environmentally friendly safe means fight against arthropods - insects and ticks, many of which are dangerous to humans and cause significant damage to the national economy.
In the last 30-40 years, close attention has been paid to natural pyrethrins, and then to their synthetic analogs - pyrethroids. They attracted researchers with their high efficiency, low toxicity for mammals, rapid destruction and elimination of warm-blooded animals from the body. Pyrethroids are highly lipophilic, therefore they quickly penetrate the vital organs of arthropods. In terms of activity, pyrethroids significantly exceed organochlorine and organophosphorus compounds, as well as carbamic acid esters.
Permethrin, containing a mixture of cis and trans isomers in a ratio of 2: 3, is an oily liquid with a low odor, readily soluble in organic solvents. Pyrethroids are nerve poisons. It is known that the insecticidal activity of pyrethroids increases with decreasing temperature. The increased activity of metabolic processes in the body of insects at high temperatures promotes a more rapid disintegration of drugs, thereby weakening their insecticidal effect. Permethrin belongs to moderately toxic compounds: its LD50 for rats is 430-4000 mg / kg, for mice it is 540-2690 mg / kg.
There are numerous studies of permethrins against insects. Thus, the effectiveness of anometrin-N (analogue of permethrin, contains a mixture of trans and cis isomers) against Hyalomma plumbeum ticks was established. At 0.1% concentration, this drug protected cattle for 3 ... 4 days. A similar efficiency was obtained with the use of a 0.05% concentration of the drug.
Mechanical aerosols of permethrin, applied at a dose of 2 mg ai / m, are effective against flies. Regular treatments carried out once a week keep the number of flies at a much lower level. During the treatment and 30-minute exposure in the indoor air, a permethrin concentration of 0.6 mg / m is created, which is 5 times lower than the OSS (3 mg / m). At the indicated dose, the aerosols of this preparation are not toxic to animals, and its residual amounts were found only in skin samples.
For systematic use against gnat, permethrin is recommended at a dose of 0.250 g per adult animal and 0.125 g each when treating young animals by the method of medium-volume spraying with 0.05% water emulsion, respectively, 500 and 250 ml each and by the method of low-volume spraying with 0.25% emulsion 100 and 50 ml per animal.
A 10-fold increase in doses when treating calves did not cause significant deviations from their physiological parameters.
A high insecticidal activity of permethrin preparations against horseflies and flies has been established, rational modes of their use for treating cattle against gnats have been determined.
Systematic, as required, low-volume spraying with 0.25% emulsion or medium-volume spraying with 0.05% emulsion of these preparations using SHGRU provide effective protection against midges, prevent a decrease in average daily milk yield per cow by 0.850-1.750 liters.
In these modes, permethrin is non-toxic, does not accumulate in the body and is not excreted in milk. Proteid is a drug produced by Cyanamid, USA. It is a microemulsion based insectoacaricide containing 3% alphacypermethrin and 30% chlorfenvinphos, which have a synergistic effect. 20-fold overdose of the drug does not cause toxic effects in animals. It is allowed to use milk for food 6 hours after the processing of livestock, slaughter for meat - after 7 days.
The drug has a prolonged action, i.e. protects animals for 42-56 days from scabies mites, for 12 weeks - from ixodid mites. High lipophilicity ensures long-term preservation of the drug on the skin. Proteid has strong repellent properties. The drug has low toxicity. It is active against eggs, larval and adult forms of itch mites, various types of flies and ruminant lice. The processing of animals is carried out at an air temperature of at least 180 C in a 0.1% concentration of the proteid based on the consumption of the working emulsion per head of 5-10 liters. Precipitation does not affect the duration of the drug's action after animal treatment. When signs of poisoning appear in animals, atropine sulfate is used. Personal prevention measures should be followed.
Mustang is an aqueous emulsion containing 10% zetacypermethrin pyrethroid. Unlike other analogues of cypermethrin, mustang has 2 times more cis and trans isomers that determine the biological activity of the drug. Mustang is produced by the FISi corporation, USA.
Studies have shown that the LD50 for white mice was 315 mg / kg, which puts it in the third hazard class. The CK50 for Lricimis was 0.0000058%.
When cows were treated with a drug at a concentration of 0.0124% (which is an order of magnitude higher than the recommended one), all ixodid ticks died, and the drug was not found in milk. After processing, the slaughter of animals can be carried out after 12 days.
Based on the studies carried out, the effective dose of mustang was determined - 0.3 ml per animal or 0.006% water emulsion when spraying cows at the rate of 0.5 liters per animal.
Comparing the cost of consumption per animal of mustang with widely known drugs - blotic, butox and cymbush, it was found that 1 liter of mustang can be treated with 3.3 thousand cows, blot - 130 heads, butox - 660 heads, cymbush - 660 heads. , the cost of 1 liter of mustang is $ 24.0; blotics - $ 27.5; butoxa - $ 25.0; cymbusha - $ 25.5; the cost of diazinon is twice as high.
The active ingredient of ectomin is cis-isomer-containing cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid. Derived from natural pyrethroids, synthetic drugs belong to the most modern class of insecticides and acaricides.
The empirical formula of ectomin is С22Н19С2О3, molecular weight 416.3. The drug is a viscous yellow-brown semi-liquid mass with a melting point of 30-600C. The dissolution level in water is about 1: 100000, it also dissolves in most organic solvents.
In the study of acute toxicity for rats, it was found that the LD50 in ectomin is 100 k.e. 1108 mg / kg (acute oral) and more than 2000 mg / kg (acute dermal).
The active ingredient and 10% ectomin emulsion concentrate are low-toxic for mammals. The active substance is slightly irritating to the skin, minimally to the eyes of rabbits. The drug is practically non-toxic to birds, but highly toxic to fish and bees. It is characterized by rapid metabolism and removal from the body of animals, as well as rapid decay.
Ectomin can be administered to large and small ruminants, pigs, poultry and used for the treatment of livestock buildings. It is effective against ixodid ticks, for scabies, and is indicated for fighting flies, lice, sheep bloodsuckers, and gadfly larvae.
For cattle for irrigation of the body surface and for bathing in baths ectomin-100 k.e. used in 0.1% concentration, for spraying the body along the ridge - 0.5% concentration.
For sheep and pigs, for spraying the body and bathing in baths, the drug is used in 0.1% concentration, and for spraying poultry - 0.1-0.2% concentration.
When processing livestock buildings, ectomin is used in 1-2% concentration.
3 days before slaughtering animals, they should not be treated with ectomin. When using the drug, milk can be used for food purposes.
Ectopor is a low-toxic substance that does not irritate the skin of animals, but irritates the eyes of rabbits. Cypermethrin with a high content of cis isomers is practically non-toxic to birds, but toxic to fish and bees. For an ectopore, the LD50 for rats (acute oral and acute dermal) is more than 2000 mg / kg.
The finished ectopore is applied to the surface of the skin of the back of animals in the form of a stream directly from the vials, while no sprayers or baths are needed. The dose of ectopore for ruminants is 1 ml per 5 kg of live weight. Slaughter of animals after application of ectopore is allowed after 3 days. When working with an ectopore, personal prevention measures must be followed.
Neocidol
Neocidol (diazinon) refers to organophosphorus compounds with the empirical formula d ^ H ^^ O ^ S and a molecular weight of 304.35. The active ingredient is diazinon. It is a yellow-brown liquid with a boiling point of 840C and a solubility in water at 20C of 40 mg / l.
LD50 for white rats of neocidol-600 EC when administered orally, it is 1053 mg / kg, when applied to the skin, it is more than 3100 mg / kg. The drug is toxic to bees, birds and some fish species. Cattle tolerate a dose of 16 mg / kg of live weight without toxic symptoms, sheep - 20 mg / kg, pigs do not show symptoms of toxicosis with a single treatment with a 0.25% drug or with three treatments with an interval of 7 days 0.005% -th neocidol.
For spraying cattle neocidol-600 k.e. used in 0.1% concentration, pigs - 0.04%. For bathing sheep use the drug in 0.042% concentration, and cattle - in 0.01%.
For disinfection of livestock buildings, neocidol-600 k.e. take in 4% concentration at the rate of 5 liters of solution per 100 square meters of area.
The drug has a high degree of biodegradation, its half-life in soil is 1-4 weeks, depending on climatic and other conditions. Unlike organochlorine compounds, neocidol does not accumulate in the food chain. It is adsorbed in the soil, so it is not washed out into groundwater.
Animals are treated with neociodol 14 days before slaughter. Food grade milk can be used 3 days after processing. When working with neociodol, personal precautions should be followed.
Butox (deltamethrin) belongs to the group of synthetic pyrethroids with empirical formulas C22 H19 Br2 N O3 and a molecular weight of 505.2. Melting point 98-1010 C. Like other synthetic pyrethroids, butox dissolves in mineral and vegetable oils and is practically insoluble in water. In this regard, when it is introduced into the body in oil solutions, it is toxic, and when aqueous suspensions are used, it is non-toxic. For example, when administered orally to white rats in the form of oil solutions, the LD50 is 135 mg / kg, and when administered in the form of an aqueous suspension, it is more than 5000 mg / kg.
Butox is effective against ixodid and scabies mites, lice, flies, sheep suckers, etc. Animals are sprayed with a suspension of the drug, you can bathe in baths, spray Butox powder.
Against ixodid ticks, animals are treated with butox at 0.0025% concentration. Against scabies mites, the drug is used for prophylaxis once at a 0.003% concentration, and the treated treatment of animals with butox is carried out with a 0.005% drug twice with an interval of 810 days. Butox is applied against lice, flies and other insects in 0.0025% concentration. When animals get in the rain, the effectiveness of the drug is not reduced.
Slaughter of animals for meat and consumption of milk is allowed immediately after the use of Butox. When working with the drug, personal prevention measures should be followed.
Stomozan
Alfacron
Alfacron-10 is a wettable powder containing 10% azametiphos, a member of the organophosphate group. The drug is low-toxic to mammals, is easily and quickly metabolized and hydrolyzed in water. The drug is toxic to bees and fish.
For spraying, 500 g of Alfacron-10 is thoroughly mixed with 4 liters of warm water and treated against flies on 100 m2 of floor or 200 m2 of wall surface.
For spreading, take 250 g of alfacron-10 and mix with 250 ml of water. Approximately 2% of the surface is treated for every 100 m 2 of floor or 200 m of wall surface. The drugs are used on the day of preparation. The antidote is atropine. When working with alfacron-10, it is necessary to observe personal preventive measures.
Tifatol-300 k.e. contains 30% cimiazole (amidine) in the form of an emulsifying concentrate. The drug is used to combat ixodid ticks and lice in cattle and horses at a 0.1% concentration. Animals older than 4 weeks of age are subjected to treatments, except for the sick and weakened. Treatments of animals with tyfatol are well tolerated.
After the treatment of animals with tifatol, slaughter is allowed after 3 days, milk is used without restrictions. Avoid getting the preparation on human skin.
Neporex
Neporex VRG-2 (water-soluble granulate) contains 2% cyromazine, which is a triazine derivative.
Neporex inhibits the growth of fly larvae in liquid manure and in fermenting residues of feed. The drug can be used in the form of a powder or an aqueous solution.
When disinfecting rooms with Neporex, where calves and young cattle for fattening are kept, three litter treatments are carried out with an interval of 14 days. It is better to work the floor surface along the walls, where the brood of flies usually takes place. For this, 250 g of granulate is used to treat a strip 20 m long and 50 cm wide.
In the room where the pigs are kept, two treatments are carried out with an interval of 14 days. To do this, 250 g of granulate is needed to treat 10 m2 of floor area (slotted or perforated floor) or 20 g of powder dissolved in water for processing 20 m2 of floor area. Avoid contact of Neporex with eyes, skin and clothing, observe general rules personal safety.
Cyperil is an insectoacaricidal drug, the active principle of which is cypermethrin (RS) -3-phenoxybenzyl (IRS ^ ipk ;, trans-3- (2,2-dichloro-vinyl) -2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylate.
Cyperil is a yellowish liquid with an aromatic odor, containing 5% cypermethrin, well emulsified in water.
Cyperil possesses a wide range action on insects and ticks, causes their paralysis, and then death. For warm-blooded animals, the drug is moderately toxic: the LD50 for rats of the active principle of cyperil when administered orally is 251 mg / kg, when applied to the skin - 1600 mg / kg, the LD50 of cyperil itself is 2080 mg / kg and 2000 mg / kg of body weight, respectively. Dosage and administration
Cattle. Non-milking cattle for protection against ixodid ticks are sprayed with 0.005-0.0125% emulsions of the drug until the skin and hair cover is completely wetted once every 7-10 days, against psoroptosis twice with an interval of 10-12 days. Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed 15 days after the last treatment. In case of forced slaughter of animals earlier than this period, the meat is used as food for animals or other types of animals.
Cows and young cattle against stinging flies and field flies, carriers of the causative agents of thelaziosis, are sprayed with 0.0125% cyperil emulsion at a rate of 20-50 ml per animal, applying the drug superficially to the back and head. The first spraying is carried out shortly after the start of the grazing season, then the treatment is repeated 2 times with an interval of 3 weeks.
To protect against midges (mosquitoes, flies, horseflies, midges, biting midges), animals are sprayed with 0.0125% emulsion with an interval of 2-3 days, and with a high number of insects, daily before pasture pasture with a consumption rate of 250-500 ml. Milk from treated cows is used without restrictions, the term for slaughtering animals is not regulated.
Sheep against psoroptosis, sheep runes and lice are thoroughly sprayed or bathed in a 0.005% aqueous emulsion of cyperil twice with an interval of 10-12 days. Refueling of the bath is carried out with a 0.0075% emulsion. Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed after 15 days. When slaughtered earlier than this period, the meat is used as food for animals or other types of animals.
Poultry houses against chicken ticks, bedbugs, flies are sprayed with a 0.0125% emulsion of the drug with a consumption rate of 100-200 ml / m2 after the poultry is removed from the premises.
Pigs and horses against sarcoptic mange and lice are sprayed with 0.0125% cyperil emulsion twice with an interval of 10-12 days. Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed after 10 days.
Dogs, cats, arctic foxes, foxes, other carnivores against pathogens of scabies, demodicosis, fleas, lice, ixodid ticks are sprayed
0.0125% aqueous emulsion of Cyperil until the affected areas or the entire skin and hair are completely wetted. Re-processing is carried out after 8-10 days.
For disinsection of premises against indoor and other types of flies, fleas and mosquitoes, a 0.0125% aqueous emulsion of Cyperil is used with a consumption rate of 100-200 ml / m2 by spraying.
Against flies, selectively irrigate their landing sites, as well as the outer walls of buildings, waste bins and manure storage facilities. Repeated treatments are carried out as the number of insects increases.
Against cockroaches, their habitats are selectively treated, possible ways movement and shelter (cracks in the walls, ventilation holes, surfaces behind heating devices, etc.) 0.1% emulsion of the drug.
For the destruction of fleas, the walls are sprayed to a height of 1 m and the floor.
To destroy mosquitoes, selectively spray the places of their accumulation (walls, ceilings, window frames), as well as the outer walls of buildings. Mosquito larvae in non-fishery reservoirs, in the basements of buildings and structures are destroyed by applying to the water surface 0.0125% emulsion in an amount of 100 ml / m2.
When preparing an aqueous emulsion, a sample of cyperil is mixed with a small amount of water (1: 3) and, with thorough mixing, is added to a bath or spray container with a measured amount of water.
Working emulsions are prepared immediately before use in accordance with the instructions.
Forms of release and storage conditions. It is produced in glass and polyethylene bottles with a capacity of 0.06-0.5-1 liters and polyethylene cans of 2-5-10 liters each. Cyperil is stored in a sealed original packaging away from heat sources and open flames at a temperature not exceeding 300C in a non-residential area, inaccessible to unauthorized persons, under lock and key. Cyperil is transported by any means of transport in compliance with the current rules.
Shelf life. Guarantee period storage - 2 years. Produced by Narvak (Moscow).
Acaromectin
It is a colorless transparent liquid with a faint odor, which is a solution of ivermectin in organic solvents.
Dosage and Administration
In case of ear scabies in dogs and cats, acaromectin is applied from a spray bottle to the inner surface of the auricle in an amount of 1–2.5 ml, ensuring uniform wetting of the skin and crusts.
In sarcoptic mange and demodocosis of dogs, notoedrosis of cats and dogs, acaromectin is used to moisten the affected areas of the body with mites.
Against lice, lice and fleas, acaromectin is applied in small areas to the outer surface of the ears, back of the head, neck, back. At the same time, fleas are disinfected with an insecticide of the litter, floor and other breeding areas.
Release form and storage. Acaromectin is produced in 25 ml polyethylene bottles with an aerosol spray.
Store acaromectin in a sealed original packaging, away from heat sources, open flames, in a dry room at a temperature not exceeding 300 C under lock and key (list B).
Otodectin
Dosage and Administration Otodectin is used in dogs, cats, arctic foxes, foxes, other carnivores, patients with ear scabies, sarcoptic mange, notoedrosis, demodectic mange, nematodes (Toxocara canis, Toxocara leonina, Ancilostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala), and also
The drug is injected under the skin in the area of the forearm or behind the humeral joint in compliance with the rules of asepsis from a syringe with a short needle (1.5-2.0 cm) at a dose of 0.2 ml / kg (200 μg / kg a.i.) of body weight ...
Against demodicosis, otodectin can be used in combination with cutaneous therapy; against fleas, the litter, floor and other breeding areas are simultaneously disinfected with insecticides permitted for these purposes.
Release form. Otodectin is produced in the form of a sterile 0.1% solution in glass or polyethylene bottles with a capacity of 1-20 ml or ampoules of 1-5 ml.
Storage conditions. Store otodectin in a closed original packaging, away from heat sources, open flames, in a dry room at a temperature not exceeding 300 C (list B).
Shelf life. The guaranteed shelf life is 5 years from the date of manufacture. Produced by Narvak (Moscow).
Injectable hypodectin
Hypodectin injection - a solution of 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1 in organic solvents. A ready-to-use preparation in the form of a colorless transparent liquid with a low odor.
Biological properties.
In doses used for hypodermatosis, it is not toxic to cattle.
Dosage and Administration
The drug is administered subcutaneously in the region of the lower third of the neck in a dose of 2 ml for adult animals, 1 ml for young animals weighing up to 200 kg.
For the purpose of early chemotherapy, the treatment of the entire herd is carried out in the fall in September, October, November.
In the spring (in March), when the first fistulous capsules (nodules) appear, depending on the extent of the lesion, all livestock or only animals affected by larvae are treated.
Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed no earlier than 5 days after the use of the drug.
Release form and storage conditions.
Hypodectin injection is produced in glass vials of 10-500 ml. They are transported by any type of transport in compliance with the current rules. Transportation of the drug together with food and feed is not allowed. Store hypodectin injection in a sealed original packaging in a dark room, away from heat sources and open flames under lock and key (list B) at a temperature not exceeding 300 C.
Shelf life. 5 years from the date of manufacture. Produced by Narvak (Moscow).
Acrodex drug
The drug acrodex is used for demodicosis and scabies in animals. It is produced in 385 ml aerosol cans or in Rosinka non-propellant cans (the kit includes one spray head and four 500 ml containers). The drug is stored at a temperature of 5-20 ° C. The shelf life of the drug is 1 year.
The preparation Acrodex in the form of an aerosol is applied to the entire skin covering an animal from a distance of 20-30 cm for 25-30 s.
With demodicosis, the drug is used four times with an interval of 5-7 days, with psoroptosis, twice with an interval of 8-12 days. 5-6 heads of adult cattle are treated from one 385 ml can, 7-8 heads are treated from the Rosinka can. Do not spray Acrodex near an open fire, overheat cans with the drug above 50 ° C. When working with Acrodex, you must use a gauze bandage or respirator. During this time, you can not smoke and eat. After finishing work, wash your hands with warm water and soap.
Dermatosol
Dermatosol preparation in non-propellant cans "Rosinka" is used for demodectic mange and scabies in animals. The complex consists of a spray head and four hermetically sealed containers of 500 ml. The shelf life of the drug is 1 year.
Dermatosol is used to treat the entire surface of the animal's body from a distance of 20-30 cm for 25-30 seconds.
With demodicosis, the drug dermatosol is used four times with an interval of 5-7 days, with psoroptosis, twice with an interval of 8-10 days. One capacity of the preparation is enough for processing 7-8 heads of adult cattle.
When working with the drug dermatosol, it should be remembered that it must not be sprayed near an open flame, it must not be heated above 50 ° C. The respiratory organs should be covered with a gauze bandage or respirator. Do not eat or smoke while working with the drug. After finishing work, be sure to wash your hands with warm water and soap.
Aerol-2 is a homogeneous mobile liquid of dark brown color, with water it forms a stable emulsion. The shelf life in a closed container is 1.5 years.
In the form of thermomechanical aerosols, the drug is used to combat flies and ticks indoors. Aerol-2 is highly toxic to humans and animals, therefore, special precautions are taken when working with the drug. Thermomechanical aerosols are produced using an AG-UD-2 generator. In the absence of poultry, the treatment of poultry houses is carried out with aerosols at the rate of 20 ml of the drug per 1 m of the room twice with an exposure of each treatment for 24 hours. The first treatment is carried out before mechanical cleaning, the second - after it. After the treatments, the poultry houses are ventilated for 6 hours.
Similarly, premises for cattle are treated against ixodid ticks. After airing the premises, drinkers and feeders are washed with warm water.
Workers who are familiar with the instructions for its operation are allowed to work with the generator, provided that all safety rules are observed.
Chlorophos
Chlorophos (dipterex) is a white crystalline powder, soluble in water (24.2% at 35 °) and many organic solvents. In an alkaline environment, chlorophos is hydrolyzed to form the highly toxic compound DDVF (dimethyl dichloro vinyl phosphate).
Chlorophos is produced in the form of 97% pure or 80% technical preparations, 50 and 80% wettable powders, etc.
The drug is of medium toxicity, effective as an insectoacaricide and an anthelmintic. The drug inhibits cholinesterase.
Chlorophos is used for hypodermatosis by rubbing it into the skin of the back of an animal in the form of a 4% (according to ADV) solution at a dose of 200-250 ml per animal. In addition, in case of hypodermatosis, hypoderm-chlorophos 11.6% - oil-alcohol solution of chlorophos is used.
For sarcoptic mange of pigs, 1-2% solutions of chlorophos are used, for psoroptosis of ruminants and for the fight against ixodid ticks - 1% solution.
In case of chlorophos poisoning, atropine is considered the best antidote in a dose for cattle of 1 ml per 100 kg of live weight in the form of a 1% solution, for sheep - 0.5-1 ml per head. If necessary, the introduction of atropine is repeated after 1-2 hours in similar doses.
To avoid the formation of DDWF, overheating of chlorophos solutions above 50 ° C, as well as its contacts with alkalis, should not be allowed.
Slaughter of animals for meat after treatment with chlorophos is allowed after 21 days. When working with the drug, take precautions.
Composition: 100 ml of Neguvon contains 10 g of the active ingredient - metrifonate.
The Neguwon is designed to control the migratory larvae of subcutaneous gadflies.
Neguvon solution N is a ready-made solution that is applied once using a dosing device in a thin stream along the spine on the back of the animal at the rate of:
In order to prevent hypodermatosis, animals should be treated in the fall, after the end of the summer of gadflies. If the treatment did not take place in the fall, it must be carried out against the larvae of the gadflies of the second and third stages in the spring.
Animals should not be processed in the period from December to March, since at this time the gadfly larvae migrate in the spinal canal and, if they are destroyed, paralysis may occur there.
Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed no earlier than one day after processing. Milk from treated cows is used without restriction (Recommendations of Bayer AG).
Do not use other cholinesterase inhibitors, phenothiazines and muscle relaxants 10 days before and within 10 days after using Neguvone.
In case of severe intoxication, for example, severe convulsions, ataxia, shortness of breath, loss of consciousness, 1% solution of atropine sulfate should be used as an antidote intravenously or intramuscularly at a dose for cattle - 2.5 ml per 100 kg of live weight.
Parts of the body that come into contact with the drug should be thoroughly washed.
Packaging: 1000 ml bottle. The drug is produced by Bayer AG, Germany.
Benzophosphate
The active principle of benzophosphate is 0,0-diethyl ^ (6-chloro-benzoxazolinyl-3-methyl) -dithiophosphate. It is a white crystalline substance with a melting point of 45-47 ° C, poorly soluble in water. The drug is produced in the form of a 30% emulsifiable concentrate, the shelf life is 2 years.
Benzophosphate is moderately toxic to warm-blooded animals. It has high acaricidal, insecticidal and ovocidal properties.
To combat ixodic ticks in cattle, benzophosphate is used by spraying it once a week with a 0.2% emulsion at a consumption rate of 2-4 liters per animal. For bathing cattle use 0.15% emulsion, sheep - 0.2% emulsion.
In the premises, ixodid ticks are destroyed by spraying with a 0.2% emulsion of the drug at the rate of 200 ml / m2 of the surface. Treatment of lactating cows with benzophosphate is not allowed. Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed to be carried out 40 days after the last treatment with benzophosphate.
Poultry houses (without birds) are treated with 0.25% benzophosphate emulsion at a temperature of 25 ° C at the rate of 100-200 ml / m2 of surface. In case of intoxication in animals, a 1% solution of atropine sulfate is administered intramuscularly to cattle 1 ml per 100 kg of live weight, to sheep - 0.5-1 ml per head.
When working with benzophosphate, use individual means protection.
Karbofos
Karbophos (vetiol) is the active principle of 0,0-dimethyl ^ - (1,2-bis-dicarboethoxyethyl) -dithiophos. It is an oily liquid, poorly soluble in water. The drug is produced in the form of a 30-40 or 50% concentrate.
Shelf life is 2 years.
For warm-blooded animals, karbofos is moderately toxic, has cumulative properties, lingering in the body of animals for up to 10-12 days. The drug is used against flies, bedbugs, scabies and other mites. In case of scabies of sheep in baths with 0.25% water emulsion, a one-time prophylactic purchase and a two-time treatment one are organized with an interval of 10 days. Slaughter of sheep for meat is allowed 5 days after processing. For the treatment of poultry houses against ticks, a 0.25-0.5% concentration of karbofos is used at the rate of 150-200 ml of emulsion per 1 m2 of surface.
When animals are poisoned, they are injected with a 1% solution of atropine intramuscularly, 0.5 ml per head.
When working with karbofos, they observe the necessary safety rules, use personal protective equipment.
Dichlorophos
Dichlorophos (DDVF, brevenil, chlorvinphos) chemically represents 0,0-dimethyl-0,2-dichloro-vinyl phosphate. It is a colorless or yellowish liquid, has an unpleasant odor, and is poorly soluble in water. The drug is available in the form of a 50% emulsifiable concentrate or 80% technical preparation. Shelf life is 2 years.
The drug is used in the form of aerosols in pigsties in the presence of animals (except for artificial insemination stations and queen cells with newborn piglets). For this, generators AG-UD-2 are used. Indoor temperature should be 18-19 ° С. The drug is used in the form of a 1% aqueous emulsion at the rate of 2 ml / m3 at an emulsion flow rate of 1.25 liters per minute and an engine speed of 3000 rpm. After processing, the exposure is maintained for 30 minutes, the premises are ventilated.
In the absence of equipment in the premises, for every 1000 m3, containers are staggered, into each of which 1 kg of chlorophos and 1 kg of sodium hydroxide are added, 1 liter of water is added and mixed. The operator must leave the premises. The disinfection exposition also lasts 30 minutes. After this, the rooms are ventilated.
The drug is also used to treat cattle against gnat. To do this, a 0.5% emulsion is used on the pasture at the rate of 500 ml of the drug for an adult animal and 300 ml for one head of young animals.
Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed 3 days after the last treatment. As an antidote, if necessary, use 1% atropine sulfate at the rate of 0.5 ml per 100 kg of live weight. When working with the drug, personal safety measures should be observed.
Dikresil
Chemically, it is methyl-carbamic acid dikresiol ester. White crystalline substance, insoluble in water. Available in the form of a 30% emulsifying concentrate, 40% powder or 7% dust. The drug is moderately toxic for warm-blooded animals. The shelf life of concentrate and dust is 2 years, of powder - 1 year.
Cattle affected by scabies or ixodid mites are treated with 0.75% dikresil emulsion at the rate of 3 liters per animal. Against ixodid ticks, animals are treated once every 6 days.
To buy sheep for scabies, use a 0.5% emulsion of the drug, for deacarization of premises - 1% emulsion. With sarcoptic mange, pigs are treated twice with a 0.5% aqueous emulsion at the rate of 1-2 liters per animal with an interval of 8-10 days.
Slaughter of livestock is allowed for meat in 7 days, pigs - in 10 days after the last treatment. When working with dikresil, personal safety measures must be observed.
Chemically - 0,0-diethyl-0,3,5,5-tri-chloropyridyl phosphate. It is a white crystalline substance, poorly soluble in water. The drug is produced in the form of 12% -, 40.8% -, 25% concentrates, 25% -, 40.8% and 50% oil solutions, as well as in the form of 1% - or 10% granules ... Dursban has a shelf life of 1 year.
Sheep are bathed in baths with psoroptosis using 0.1% dursban emulsion twice every 10 days. Lactating cattle are not treated.
Slaughter of cattle is allowed after 20 days, and sheep - 30 days after the last treatment with Dursban. When working with the drug, personal protective equipment is used.
The active principle of sebacil (valexon) is 0,0-diethyl-thiophosphoryl-a-ox-imino-phenyl-sodium acetic acid. It is a brown oily liquid, slightly soluble in water. Shelf life is 2 years. Available as a 50% concentrate.
The drug is low-toxic to animals. It is used for psoroptosis in sheep in the form of aqueous emulsions with a content of 0.05-0.1% ADV. Sheep are bathed once in order to prevent psoroptosis in 0.05% emulsion, twice in 10 days in 0.1% sebacil emulsion.
With psoroptosis, cattle are treated with 0.1% sebacil emulsion twice every 10 days at a room temperature of at least 10 ° C. The premises are treated with the same concentration of the drug at the rate of 400 ml / m2 of area.
After treatment with sebacil, slaughter of sheep for meat is allowed after 25 days, cattle - after 22 days.
In case of animal poisoning, 1% atropine sulfate is administered intramuscularly at a dose of 2 ml / 100 kg of live weight.
When working with the drug, you must observe safety measures.
Insectol
The active ingredient of insectol is pyrethroid neopinamine. It is a white crystalline powder, practically insoluble in water. The drug is produced in propellant-free containers of 450 g each or in aerosol containers of 170 g. Shelf life of the drug is 1 year. The drug should be stored away from fire and feed, in the shade, at a temperature of 5 to 25 ° C.
Insectol has low toxicity for warm-blooded animals. It is used for treatment against insects and mites at milk collection points, feed kitchens, sanitary slaughterhouses, and warehouses. The drug is used in rooms where there are no animals and in which there are no products. One cylinder weighing 170 g is enough to treat 1 m3 of a room. The exposure after treatment is kept for 1.5 h, then the rooms are ventilated.
When working with insectol, personal protective equipment should be used.
Stomoxin
Stomoxin is the commercial name of drugs produced by the English company ShePsoche using the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin.
Stomoxin contains 25% of the cis isomer and 75% of the trans isomer of permethrin, which makes it safe for use in animals, as well as for the treatment of premises.
The drug is available in the form of an easily sprayable powder containing 25% permethrin, which is applied to the surface of the premises to control flies. For the same purpose, you can treat cattle with oil containing 20% permethrin or a preparation of turpentine balsam. It contains 0.1% permethrin, which, in addition to fighting flies, heals wounds and abrasions on animals.