Modern society cannot imagine itself without certain scientific achievements, among which electricity occupies a special place. This wonderful and valuable energy is present in almost all areas of our life. But not many people know how it is obtained. And even more so - is it possible to get free electricity with your own hands. The video, which abounds in the vastness of the worldwide network, examples of craftsmen and scientific evidence say that this is quite real.
Everyone, no, no, thinks not only about saving, but also about something free. People generally love to get something for free. But the main question for today, is it possible to get free electricity... After all, if you think globally, then how many humanity has to sacrifice in order to get an extra kilowatt of electricity. But nature does not tolerate such cruel treatment of itself and constantly reminds that one should be more careful in order to stay alive for the human species.
In pursuit of profit, a person does not really think about the benefits for the environment and completely forgets about alternative energy sources. And there are enough of them to change the current state of affairs for the better. After all, using free energy, which can be easily converted into electricity, the latter can become free for a person. Well, or almost free.
And considering how to get electricity at home, the simplest and most affordable methods immediately pop up in memory. While some funds are required to implement them, as a result, the electricity itself will not cost the user a dime. Moreover, there are not one, and not two such methods, which allows you to choose the most acceptable method for generating free electricity in specific conditions.
It just so happens that if you know at least a little the structure of the soil and the basics of electricity, you can understand how to get electricity from the mother earth itself. And the thing is that the soil in its structure combines a solid, liquid and gaseous environment. And this is exactly what is necessary for the successful extraction of electricity, since it allows you to find the potential difference, which, as a result, leads to a successful result.
Thus, the soil is a kind of power plant in which electricity is constantly present. And if we take into account the fact that through the grounding the current flows into the ground and concentrates there, then it is simply blasphemous to bypass such an opportunity.
Using this knowledge, craftsmen, as a rule, prefer to get electricity from the ground in three ways:
It is worth considering each of the methods in more detail so that it becomes better to understand what it is about.
: implies the use of a third conductor, which connects the grounded conductor and the neutral contact, which allows a current of 10-20 volts to be obtained. And this is quite enough for connecting several bulbs. Although, if you experiment a little, you can get much more tension.
Zinc and copper electrodes are used to extract electricity from soil in an isolated space. Nothing will grow in such soil, since it is oversaturated with salts. A zinc or iron rod is taken and inserted into the ground. And they also take a similar copper rod and also insert it into the soil at a short distance.
As a result, the soil will act as an electrolyte, and the rods will form a potential difference. As a result, the zinc rod will be the negative electrode, and the copper rod will be the positive one. And such a system will only give out about 3 volts. But again, if you conjure up a little with the circuit, then it is quite possible to increase the resulting voltage well.
The potential between the roof and the ground in the same 3 volts can be "caught" if the roof is made of iron, and ferrite plates are installed in the ground. If you increase the size of the plates or the distance between them and the roof, then the voltage value can be increased.
Strangely enough, for some reason there are no factory devices for generating electricity from the earth. But you can independently make any of the methods even without any special costs. This is, of course, good.
But it should be borne in mind that electricity is quite dangerous, so any work is best done together with a specialist. Or invoke one at system startup.
This is the dream of many to get free electricity with their own hands out of thin air. But as it turns out, not everything is so simple. While there are many ways to get electricity from the environment, it is not always easy to do so. AND a few ways to know:
Wind turbines are successfully used in many countries. There are entire fields filled with such fans. Such systems are capable of providing electricity even to a factory. But there is a rather significant disadvantage - due to the unpredictability of the wind, it is impossible to say exactly how much electricity will be generated and how much electricity will be accumulated, which causes certain difficulties.
Lightning batteries are so named because they are able to accumulate potential from electrical discharges, and simply from lightning. Despite the seeming efficiency, such systems are difficult to predict, like the lightning itself. And to create such a structure on your own is more dangerous than difficult. After all, they attract lightning up to 2000 volts, which is deadly.
Mark's toroidal generator, a home-assembled device capable of powering a wide variety of home equipment. It consists of three coils that form resonant frequencies and magnetic vortices, which allows the formation of an electric current.
The Kapanadze generator was invented by a Georgian inventor based on the Tesla transformer. This is an excellent example of the latest technologies, when you just need to connect the battery to start, after which the resulting impulse makes the generator work and produce electricity in the literal sense of the air. Unfortunately, this invention has not been disclosed, so there are no schemes.
How can you ignore such a powerful energy source as the sun? And, of course, many have heard of the possibility of getting electricity from solar panels. Moreover, some even used calculators and other small electronics powered by solar batteries. But the question is whether the house can be supplied with electricity in this way.
If you look at the experience of European lovers of freebies, then such an idea is quite realizable... True, the solar panels themselves will have to spend a lot of money. But the resulting savings will pay off all the costs in excess.
In addition, it is environmentally friendly and safe for both humans and the environment. Solar panels allow you to calculate the amount of energy that can be obtained, and this is also quite enough to provide electricity to everything, even a large house.
Although there are still a number of disadvantages. The operation of such batteries depends on the Sun, which is not always present in the required amount. So, in the winter or during the rainy season, problems can arise in the work.
Otherwise, it is a simple and effective source of inexhaustible energy.
Alternative and questionable methods
Many people know the story of an unpretentious summer resident who allegedly managed to get free electricity from the pyramids. This man claims that the pyramids he built from foil and the accumulator as a storage help illuminate the entire infield. Although it looks unlikely.
It's another matter when research is carried out by scientists... There is already something to think about here. So, experiments are being carried out to obtain electricity from the waste products of plants that enter the soil. It is quite possible to carry out similar experiments at home. Moreover, the resulting current is not life-threatening.
In some foreign countries, where there are volcanoes, their energy is successfully used for the production of electricity. Whole factories work thanks to special installations. After all, the energy received is measured in megawatts. But it is especially interesting that ordinary citizens can also get electricity with their own hands in a similar way. For example, some people use the heat energy of a volcano, which is not difficult to transform into electrical energy.
Many scientists are struggling to find alternative methods of energy production. Starting from the use of the processes of photosynthesis and ending with the energies of the Earth and solar winds. Indeed, in an age when electricity is especially in demand, this is very useful. And with interest and some knowledge, everyone can contribute to the study of obtaining free energy.
The idea of obtaining free electricity is using the potential difference between the zero of the network and the ground.
A small caveat: this method of generating energy works 100 percent. This is not a deception, no incomprehensible apparatus that draws electricity from the ether, no miracle device with magnets, etc.
We will use the voltage difference between the zero of the 220 V network and ground.
In simple terms, wires go from the power plant to consumers - zero and three phases. Since the wires have their own resistance, therefore, there will be a voltage “drop” on them. We will catch this tension. This potential also creates a phase imbalance.
It is legal?
Yes, power grids are not punished for this, since we will not use the phase. And in fact, this is not theft.Will electric meters take this energy into account?
It all depends on the type of electricity meter. There are meters with one shunt (with one measuring element) - the most common and two shunt (with two measuring elements). One shunt just do not take into account zero - since their measuring shunt is located in phase.How much electricity can you get?
It all depends on the number of subscribers in the network and the power of all wiring. This is usually around 3-10 volts. If you connect a step-up transformer, you can light the LED lamp. The voltage after the step-up transformer is about 100-220 V.Scheme
Any transformer from a radio receiver, tape recorder, etc. It is desirable for a low voltage of 3-9 Volts of the secondary winding.
Please note that you use all manipulations at your own peril and risk.
Precautionary measures
Be sure to put a 5-10 amp fuse or circuit breaker between zero and the transformer. This is necessary so that the entire structure does not burn out if the phase is suddenly changed from zero. The probability of this event is of course negligible, but you need to be prepared for anything. Rather, there is a high probability that zero will break off - and this happens all the time. And the machine gun will surely save you.Even when working with zero, be sure to disconnect the mains. Well, even free light should not be left unattended.
Today, electricity in a country house is no longer an excess: it is difficult to imagine comfortable rest and effective maintenance of the site without the appropriate equipment, so sooner or later you will have to think about energy supply.
Naturally, there are many nuances in this process, and therefore we strongly recommend that you read this article. Of course, we will not reveal all the subtleties, but you will get a general idea of the scale of the work ahead.
Where to get?
Traditional sources
And if we restrict ourselves only to traditional technologies, then there are only two power supply schemes:
- Centralized - the site is "powered" from a power line passing at a relatively short distance.
- Autonomous - a generator acts as a source.
Let's consider both options in more detail.
- If we talk about the use of centralized energy supply, then the main advantage is the rather high capacity provided. So, in this case, you can even organize the heating of the cottage with electricity, without going broke on fuel for the generator.
- On the other hand, the very process of connecting to power lines is associated with very tedious bureaucratic procedures. Even if the wires are laid relatively close, problems may arise during the negotiation stage.
Note! Unauthorized connection to power lines is an offense, and if you discover such a fact, you will have to pay a considerable fine. It is also worth remembering that such work should only be performed by professionals with the appropriate level of clearance.
- Renting a diesel generator for a summer residence or buying such a device can provide you with energy, regardless of the location of the site. Yes, this technology is more costly from a financial point of view, but this way you can be sure that the light in the house and on the site will not disappear even during bad weather (wire breaks, especially in remote areas, are not uncommon).
- Another option for autonomous power supply is the installation of a gas generator. Of course, the price of the device will be higher than that of a diesel installation, and only specialists can service it, but the cost of a kilowatt of energy will be significantly lower.
As a result, the optimal instruction will be as follows: if possible, we connect to the power line and use its power, but just in case we install a generator in the house or shed with a small supply of fuel. If there is no connection possibility, we just buy a more efficient generator, and design the electrical network of the site with an eye to the limitations on the unit's performance.
Alternative sources
However, modern technologies make it possible to get electricity for free for summer cottages. Under the "freebie" in this case, there is complete or almost complete independence from energy prices. Of course, the alternative equipment itself needs to be purchased, and for quite a lot of money, but over time (from two to five years) it pays off, and then it works "in a plus".
Several of the most effective technologies can be distinguished, and we have summarized their features in the table:
| Methodology | Features of power generation |
| Geothermal | At the site, we drill a well into which we immerse a probe with a coolant. Since the temperature in the depths of the soil is practically constant, then when passing through the probe, the cooled coolant will take away part of the ground heat. The recovered energy can be used both for direct heating of the house and for generating electricity. |
| Sunny | Either solar collectors made of glass tubes filled with coolant or solar panels are installed on the roof. As with geothermal plants, solar energy can not only heat a home, but also power an inverter to provide electricity. |
| Wind | We install a wind turbine connected to a generator on the roof of the house or on a separate mast. When the blades rotate, electricity is generated, which is accumulated in high-capacity batteries and can be used for a variety of tasks. |
However, such free energy supply is quite capricious. There is no wind or the sun went down behind the clouds for the whole day - and you will have to sit in the dark! That is why experts strongly recommend equipping such installations with capacious batteries, and keeping at least a small diesel generator as a backup power source.
Features of electrical installation
If everything is more or less clear with the sources, we turn to the rules for arranging the electrical network itself:
- It is quite possible to do the installation of wiring and electrical appliances in a country house with your own hands, but it is better to entrust the connection to the mains or generator to specialist electricians.
- At the entrance to the house, be sure to install a shield with a counter. We also connect each branch of wires to the shield through an RCD - an automatic circuit breaker. The use of such fuses can protect the system from voltage surges and short circuits.
Advice! If you are often on the road, then it makes sense to equip the remote turning on of electricity in the country. To do this, we mount a special module with a GSM receiver in the dashboard, which activates the entire system by a signal from a mobile phone. It is especially convenient to use such a controlled unit in winter: by your arrival, the heating devices will just have time to warm up the air.
- When using generators, the power of all devices connected to the network must be carefully calculated. For example, heating a country house with electricity may require the installation of a separate generating unit, otherwise in autumn and winter you will have to choose: either our batteries are working, or the bulbs are shining.
- Block container country houses, frame structures and log buildings are highly combustible. To reduce the risk of fire, all wiring must be routed in non-combustible, preferably metal, ducts.
The search for new sources of energy is constantly being carried out in modern science. Static electricity in the air could be one of them. This has now become a reality.
There are two known methods: wind generators and atmospheric fields. The energy of the Earth is no less interesting. The "eternal" electricity extracted from it would help save ordinary electricity, the cost of which is increasing. Sometimes it is necessary to obtain even scanty amounts of it.
Extraction from the air
Atmospheric electricity may well be used. Many are attracted by the opportunity to put the natural elements at their service during a thunderstorm.
The atmosphere also contains waves from the planet's field. It turns out that electricity can be obtained from the air on your own, without using super-complicated devices.
Some ways are as follows:
- lightning batteries use the property of electrical potential to accumulate;
- a wind generator converts wind power into electricity, working for a long time;
- ionizer (Chizhevsky chandelier) - a popular household appliance;
- Stephen Mark's TPU (toroidal) electricity generator;
- the Kapanadze generator is a fuel-free energy source.
Let's consider in detail some of the devices.
Wind turbines
A popular and well-known source of energy obtained with the help of wind is a wind generator. Such devices have long been used in many countries.
A singular installation provides limited power supply. Therefore, you have to add generators if you need to provide power to a large enterprise. In Europe, there are entire fields with wind turbines that are absolutely harmless to nature.
Its useful to note: a disadvantage can be considered the inability to calculate in advance the values of voltage and current. Therefore, it is impossible to say how much electricity will accumulate, since the effect of the wind is not always predictable.
Lightning batteries
A device that accumulates potential using atmospheric discharges is called a lightning battery.
The device circuit includes only a metal antenna and grounding, without complex converting and accumulating components.
A potential appears between the parts of the device, which then accumulates. The impact of natural disasters is not subject to an accurate preliminary calculation and this value is also unpredictable.
It's important to know: this property is quite dangerous when implementing the circuit with your own hands, since the created circuit attracts lightning with voltages up to 2000 volts.
S. Mark's toroidal generator
The device, invented by S. Mark, is capable of generating electricity some time after it is turned on.
TPU generator (toroidal) can power household appliances.
The design consists of three coils: internal, external and control. It acts due to the emerging resonance frequencies and magnetic vortex, which contribute to the formation of current. Having correctly drawn up a diagram, you can make such a device yourself.
Generator Kapanadze
The inventor Kapanadze (Georgia) reproduced a free energy generator, the development of which was based on the mysterious N. Tesla transformer, which gives a much higher output power than in the circuit current.
The Kapanadze generator is a fuel-free device that is an example of new technologies.
The launch is carried out from the battery, but further work continues autonomously. In the body, the concentration of energy, extracted from space, the dynamics of the ether, is carried out. The technology is patented and not disclosed. This is practically a new theory of electricity and wave propagation, when energy is transferred from one particle of the medium to another.
Extraction from the Earth
Despite the fact that the Earth's energy reserve is very large, it is very difficult to get it. It is unrealistic to do this with your own hands, if we are talking about a sufficient quantity for industrial purposes.
But electricity from the planet, its magnetic field can be obtained on our own in small portions, sufficient to light a flashlight on LEDs, incomplete charging of the phone. It is hoped that being able to take these small portions will not harm the globe.
Electroplating method (with two rods)
A known method of generating electricity, based on the interaction of two rods in a salt solution (electroplating).
A potential difference appears between rods made of different metals in the electrolyte.
The same parts (made of aluminum and copper) can be immersed in the ground 0.5 meters by watering the space between them with a salt solution (electrolyte). This is a way to get some free electricity.
From ground
Another method allows you to collect electricity from grounding when used by various consumers.
For example, in a private house, the power supply is equipped with a ground loop, onto which, when the load is on, some part of the electricity flows. Specifically, alternating current goes through the wires: "phase" and "zero", the second of which is grounded and most often is not dangerous. And an electric shock can be obtained from a phase wire.
Take into account: you should not try to get electricity in a similar way at home with a lack of knowledge. If you confuse the "phase" grounding wire with the "zero" one, from which you can get this energy, the current shock will have to be throughout the building.
The amount of electricity taken from the neutral wire is much less than from the solar panel. ( From the editor: experimenting with this method is extremely dangerous and strongly discouraged).
other methods
Free electricity is also required on the garden plot, in connection with which one of the craftsmen claims: its extraction is possible if half-mystical methods are used. Namely: homemade pyramids can give it for free.
After reading about the unusual properties of these structures, he built a 3 by 3 meters pyramid and began to do real tests. That is, trying to prove: it is impossible to get energy from "nothing", limited space or from space.
Perhaps humorously, but, according to a private summer resident, a generator mounted from aluminum foil and a gel battery (energy storage) powered the lamps on the site. In a word, free (or rather, cheap) electrical energy, current, flowed from the pyramid.
Further, the summer resident assures that the whole village is interested in the construction of such structures made of wood or other insulating materials. Allegedly, there is a real opportunity to take energy from the pyramid for free.
However, serious scientific research is being carried out in the field of obtaining small electricity from the waste products of plants passing into the ground.
Such sources, giving perpetual electricity, that is - working with energy replenishment, are used in moisture control systems. Judging by the fact that experiments are being carried out on potted plants, such devices can be made and tested on their own.
From the depths of the Earth, heat is being successfully extracted by geothermal energy stations in California, Iceland. Subsoil, volcanoes are used to generate hundreds of MW of electricity in the same way as it is done through the sun and wind.
In practice, with their own hands, residents of areas with volcanic activity can independently make, for example, a geothermal pump for heating. And heat can be converted into electricity by known methods.
Many scientists and inventors are looking for a path to energy independence, be it light, heat, atmospheric phenomena or cold photosynthesis. With rising electricity prices, this is quite appropriate. Some methods have become a reality long ago and help to receive energy even on a significant scale.
Inventors and scientists are developing projects based on currents in the earth's mantle, the flow of particles in the form of the solar wind. The planet is believed to be a large spherical capacitor. But so far it has not been possible to figure out how its charge is replenished.
In any case, a person has no right to significantly interfere with nature, trying to discharge this supply of energy without thoroughly studying the process, taking into account the consequences.
Watch a video in which the user explains how to make a wind generator at no special cost and get the desired free electricity:
The text of the work is placed without images and formulas.
The full version of the work is available in the "Work files" tab in PDF format
Electricity is of great importance in our life. Almost everything that surrounds us is powered by electricity. For example, household appliances in our home: TVs, washing machines, refrigerators, computers, light bulbs. Trolleybuses, trams, electric trains run on the street due to electric current, and even cars use electricity to control and illuminate the road with headlights. In factories, machines, ovens and other complex mechanisms operate on electricity.
So where does the electricity come from, which goes to our house through the wires?
In my work, I will study how electricity is generated at power plants: thermal power plants, nuclear power plants, hydroelectric power plants, wind power plants. As through electric wires fixed on special supports, electricity is sent to the city, then to every house, to every apartment.
In the experimental part, I will prove how the "small" generator generates a current that will be enough to light the house.
The topic "How to get electricity" is especially interesting to me, because in order to make breadboards, you need to solder real circuits.
Purpose of the study: study of the origin of electricity.
Research objectives:
Study how electricity is generated by converting the energy of water, wind, sun and gas.
Understand how a generator works that produces electricity.
Consider how the battery (portable power source) works.
Conduct experiments: connect the toy house to a generator that will generate an electric current to turn on the lighting in the house. Then turn on the fan in the same way.
Make a homemade battery using salt water and metal plates.
The first thing to do: analyze educational literature. From it I learned the following: Electricity is generated at power plants, then through electric wires fixed on special supports, it is sent to the city, then to every house, to every apartment.
Power plants
Electricity is generated in power plants by converting the energy of water, wind, sun and gas into electrical energy (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1 Power plants: a - combined heat and power plant (CHP), b - nuclear power plant, c - hydroelectric power plant, d - wind power plants.
The combined heat and power plant (Fig. 1a), one of the most common stations, provides the city not only with electricity, but also heat for heating houses in winter. A lot of such stations have been built. How does it work? Gas is burned in a large stove, the same gas with which we cook food in the kitchen, see the diagram in Fig. 2. The gas heats up the boiler with water. Water, when heated, turns into steam. The steam turns the turbine, and it, in turn, turns the generator, which generates the electric current. Electricity is sent through power lines to our city. The smoke from the burnt gas goes out into the pipe, and the steam, being cooled in the cooling tower, turns back into water, returns to the boiler. In winter, this hot water is sent to our houses to heat our apartments. Now we see that the mechanical energy of rotation is converted into electrical energy in the generator.
Fig. 2. CHP operation scheme
Nuclear power plant(NPP) is more complicated than the previous power plant, see Fig. 1b. There are fewer of them in our country. The point is that they do not burn gas, but use heat from a nuclear reaction (Fig. 3). Obtaining such nuclear energy is a very complex process. At the nuclear power plant, ordinary water, purified from all impurities, circulates inside the reactor. The reactor starts up when neutron-absorbing rods are removed from its core. During the chain reaction, a lot of heat energy is released. The water circulating through the core, washing the fuel cells, heats up to 320 0 C. Passing inside the heat exchange tubes of the steam generator, the water in the primary loop gives off heat to the water in the secondary loop without touching it, which excludes the ingress of radioactive substances outside the reactor hall. The rest of the scheme is exactly the same as the previous one. Secondary water is converted to steam. The steam rotates the turbine at a breakneck speed, and the turbine sets in motion an electric generator, which generates an electric current. Electricity is sent through power lines to our city.
Rice. 3 Scheme of NPP operation
Hydroelectric power plant we have in Perm (Fig. 1-c). These power plants use the energy of falling water. For this, a dam is being built across the river. From its height, water falls down and rotates a turbine, and the turbine rotates a generator that generates electricity. The operation of the hydroelectric power plant is shown in Fig. 4.
Rice. 4 Scheme of the operation of the hydroelectric power plant
Wind power plants use wind energy (Fig. 1-d). These power plants are not very powerful. The wind rotates the fan blades, similar to the blades of an airplane, only very large. And they are already rotating the generator (Fig. 5).
Rice. 5 Scheme of work of a wind farm
There are other power plants in which nothing rotates, and they do not have a generator. These are solar power plants. The energy of sunlight is converted into electrical energy in solar panels made of a special material, which, under the influence of solar energy, begins to generate an electric current (Fig. 6).
Rice. 6 Scheme of the solar power plant
Generator device
So how does a generator work that produces electricity?
We all know what it is magnet, anyone came across it and played. The magnet attracts metal objects to it. There are different magnets: large and small, strong and weak.
If you place a frame made of an electric wire in a magnetic field, fix it so that you can rotate it by the handle, you get the simplest generator... If you rotate the frame, an electric current is generated in it. And, if the current is powerful enough, then they can light an electric light bulb (Fig. 7). In real generators, instead of a frame, a very long wire is used, wound on special coils, and due to this, the generators are very powerful.
Fig. 7 Generator device diagram
But what happens if an electric current is supplied to the generator?
If an electric current is supplied to the generator, the frame will begin to rotate itself, that is, the opposite effect will occur (Fig. 8). Such devices are called electric motors. They are also big and small, powerful and weak.
Fig. 8 Engine diagram
What if you need a portable power source, and not connected to a power outlet with wires? For this, there are batteries familiar to all of us.
Batteries
Battery is a container in which a chemical reaction takes place. The simplest battery consists of a zinc cup, a graphite rod, and an electrolyte between them (Fig. 9).
Fig. 9 Battery device
In the process of using the battery, a chemical reaction destroys it from the inside and the battery "sits down", that is, it discharges. The more we load the battery, the stronger the chemical reaction and the faster it will discharge.
The simplest battery can be made at home. To do this, you need to take two different "metals": a carnation and a coin - these will be electrodes (Fig. 10), and you can use lemon as an electrolyte.
Fig. 10 Homemade battery
But we must take into account that such a battery will be very weak and it will not even be enough for a light bulb to light up. The fact that electricity has appeared, we see only on a device called a voltmeter.
You can also make a homemade battery from salt water and metal plates (Fig. 11). Its structure is very simple. There are three jars filled with plain salt water. In each of them we lower two electrodes made of metal plates. One plate is covered with copper, and the other is covered with zinc.
Rice. 11 Homemade battery
Here is such battery I will demonstrate in the experimental part of my work. And I will also conduct other experiments: I will connect the toy house to a generator that will generate an electric current to turn on the lighting in the house. And I will prove the following: mechanical energy of rotation is converted into electrical energy, in a generator.
Experimental part:
V first In this experiment, I will connect a toy house to a small power plant (Fig. 12). I’ll turn the knob, and the small generator will generate enough current to turn on the lighting in the house.
cardboard, wooden plywood 90x170 mm, 70x165 mm, socket, flashlight mechanism, wires, plug, bulbs (5 pcs.), glue.
Rice. 12 First experiment
In second In the experiment, I will connect a fan to the power plant (Fig. 13). We will see how the mechanical energy of rotation in the generator is converted into electrical energy, runs through the wires to the fan, and in its engine, it is converted back into energy of rotation.
Materials for making the layout: cardboard, wooden plywood 95x210 mm, 70x165 mm, socket, wires, plug, glue, fan, electric motor.
Fig. 13 Second experiment
V third In the experiment, I will connect to the batteries, in turn, the same house and fan (Fig. 14-a, -b).
Materials for making the layout: cardboard, wooden plywood 95x210 mm, 70x165 mm, 90x170 mm, socket, wires, plug, glue, fan, electric motor, bulbs (5 pcs.), batteries.
Fig. 14 Third experiment
In the next - fourth In an experiment, I will demonstrate a homemade battery (Fig. 15-a). We take jars filled with salt water. In each of them we lower two electrodes made of metal plates. One plate is covered with copper, and the other with zinc.
Materials for making the layout: cardboard Ø 20 mm, clockwork, light bulb (1 pc.), wires, three jars of salt water, wooden plywood 75x330 mm for the base, copper and zinc plates 75 mm long, glue.
Fig. 15 Fourth experiment
The energy of these three batteries was enough to turn on the light bulb and start the clock (Fig. 15-b).
conclusions
In my work, I examined how they work: thermal power plants, nuclear power plants, hydroelectric power plants, wind power plants. The scheme of operation of CHP and NPP as a whole is similar: a boiler with water heats up, water turns into steam. The steam turns the turbine, and the turbine turns the generator, which generates the electric current. Electricity is sent through power lines to our city. In one case, gas is burned, and, in the second, heat from a nuclear reaction is used. Hydroelectric power plants use the energy of falling water to turn a turbine, and a turbine turns a generator that generates electricity. In wind farms, the wind rotates the fan blades, and they are already rotating the generator.
All power plants implement the following: the mechanical energy of rotation is converted into electrical energy in the generator. But there are other power plants in which nothing rotates, and they do not have a generator. These are solar panels. They are made of a special material and generate electricity when exposed to the sun.
In the practical part, I did some experiments. V first experiment connected a toy house to a "small power plant". The "small" generator produces enough current to turn on the electricity in the house. In second- connected a fan to the power plant. The mechanical energy of rotation in the generator is converted into electrical energy, runs through the wires to the fan, and in its engine, it is converted back into rotation energy. V third In the experiment, I connected to the batteries, in turn, all the same house and a fan. V fourth In an experiment, I demonstrated a homemade battery. In each of the three jars of salt water, I dipped two electrodes made of metal plates of copper and zinc.
In my two experiments, I have confirmed and clearly demonstrated the following: mechanical energy of rotation in the generator is converted into electrical energy. And he also made a homemade battery, the energy of which was enough to turn on the light bulb and start the clock.
But, I still have questions to which I have to find answers:
How does a nuclear reaction proceed? What kind of nuclear power plants do we have in our country? And I also wonder why the accident happened at Chernobyl.
Oh, how many wonderful discoveries we have
Prepares the spirit of enlightenment,
And experience is the son of difficult mistakes,
And a genius, a friend of paradoxes.
A.S. Pushkin
Bibliography
1 Yu.I. Dick, V.A. Ilyin, D.A. Isaev et al. / Physics: A great reference book for schoolchildren and those entering universities / Publishing house "Drofa", 2000.
2 "Encyclopedia for children from A to Z" / Publishing house "Makhaon", Moscow, 2010.
3 A.A. Bakhmetyev / Electronic designer "Expert" / Practical lessons in physics. 8, 9, 10, 11 grades. // Moscow, 2005.
4 Obtaining and using electrical energy: [electronic resource] // World of knowledge. Url: http://mirznanii.com/info/id-9244