At the same time, the plaster forms a high-strength coating 2–3 mm thick on the concrete surface, which protects the concrete and prevents active substances from being washed out even with a significant water pressure. During the operation of the structure, when a new contact with water molecules occurs, the reaction resumes, and the process of compaction of the material develops in depth. The "self-healing" of microcracks also occurs.
The use of such compositions is especially recommended for internal waterproofing of buried or semi-buried structures made of concrete, reinforced concrete and other stone materials with constant groundwater infiltration: basements, garages, vegetable stores, tunnels, mines, sewer facilities, pools, tanks, dams, etc.
These compositions make it possible to carry out waterproofing of buried rooms from the inside, without expensive external waterproofing. They are applied both in new construction and renovation as an additive to concrete to create horizontal waterproofing layers in homogeneous dense walls. They provide complete impermeability to water and other liquids at high pressure, frost-resistant, durable, resistant to washing out, aggressive media, ultraviolet, fire and explosion-proof. They form a single whole with the processed material, are plastic, technologically advanced, environmentally friendly, suitable for processing drinking water tanks. The treated surfaces are suitable for tiling, painting and plastering.
General application technology
Substrate surfaces must be cleaned to a structurally sound base with capillary openings. The loose surface layer of old concrete with a broken structure, dust, cement films are removed. Oils are removed with a solvent or 10-30% hydrochloric acid solution. The seams of brickwork, foundation blocks are embroidered to a depth of at least 5 mm, bare reinforcement is cleaned to a metallic sheen, structural joints, seams and cracks are embroidered and sealed with cement mortar with the addition of a waterproofing mixture. Leaks are closed. Dust and traces of cleaning are carefully removed.
The surface to be treated is moistened with clean water until saturation, but without a film of water and puddles. The composition is mixed with water in accordance with the recipe and thoroughly mixed until a homogeneous plastic solution is obtained. In the future, it can be further mixed, but do not add water. Until the coating is ready (2-3 days), do not expose the applied layer to loads and moisten, preventing it from drying out.
An analogue of penetrating waterproofing is the "silicification" of concrete structures. Liquid glass applied to the structure interacts with calcium chloride, which is part of concrete, with the formation of calcium silicate, which fills the pores of concrete and increases its resistance to aggressive environments. However, this process occurs only in a thin surface layer. Modern formulations provide filling of pores to a depth of up to 150 mm. Initially, they began to be produced in Russia under a license from the Struktural Protection Enterprise (USA) - the Penetron brand, later several brands of domestic mixtures appeared.
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"Penetron" (TU 5775-001-39504194-96)
Waterproofing dry mix in the form of a gray powder. It is used to ensure water resistance, as an injection mortar for horizontal waterproofing, as an additive to concrete. Manufactured by Gidrokor LLC (Russia). Shelf life - 1 year.
Application
To seal cracks, seams and mates, 30x60 mm grooves are made, washed with water and smeared with liquid Penetron. The solution must be used within 30 minutes, while it should be mixed several times. Apply in two layers with a total consumption of 1.35-1.62 kg/sq. m (the second layer is applied after 1-2 hours). Readiness of a covering - in 3 days. Before applying paint and other protective coatings, neutralize the surface with a weak solution of vinegar or hydrochloric acid.
"Lakhta" (TU 5775-005-39504194-97)
Waterproofing material of penetrating action. Developed by OOO "Hydrokor" in conjunction with the Research Institute of ACS named after. K. D. Pamfilova. Produced by "Hydrocor" LLC. As can be seen from the table of tests below (carried out by the Research Center "Strength" of PGUPS), the own development of the enterprise, which began with the production under the Penetron license, has already surpassed this brand in a number of characteristics. It looks all the more impressive if you compare the prices for these materials - Lakhta is almost half the price of Penetron.
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Aquatron (TU 57-15-080-07508005-99)
Composition for ensuring watertightness of concrete and other capillary-porous structures that are not subject to significant tensile and compressive loads. The "Aquatron" composition has the form of a coarse gray powder.
Application
Cracks should be embroidered to a depth of 50x30 mm and sealed with a cement-sand mortar with the addition of 1–3% of the Aquatron composition. Prime the surface with Aquatron, diluted with water in a ratio of 1:1. After exposure (5-10 minutes), apply the main layer. The composition must be used within 45 minutes. Consumption on a flat surface - 1.5 kg / sq. m, on uneven - 2.2 kg / sq. m. The readiness of the coating - after 3 days.
"Hydrotex-V"
Penetrating waterproofing coating. It has the appearance of a gray powder without mechanical impurities. Penetrates into the pores of concrete and seals them to a depth of up to 100 mm with a continuous front. Able to "heal" cracks with opening up to 0.5 mm. Consumption 2–5 kg/sq. m when applied to the surface. Chemically resistant to salts and bases, solvents, petroleum products, relatively resistant to mineral acids. Produced by the St. Petersburg company Spetsgidrozashchita LLC. Supplied in 25 kg bags. Shelf life - 1 year.
Application
Stir the mixture with water for 3-5 minutes until a homogeneous plastic solution is obtained. Use the solution within 1 hour. Readiness of a covering - in 3 days.
"Osmosil" (Manufactured by Index S.p.A., Italy)
Waterproofing solution. It is used on concrete and cement mortars for waterproofing internal and external foundations, underground structures, pools, wells, tanks, bathrooms and shower rooms. Supplied in paper bags of 25 kg.
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Application
Dilute the mixture with water, let stand for a few minutes. Apply the solution with a brush, from top to bottom, until a continuous layer is obtained. The solution is constantly stirred. Apply "wet on wet" a second coat of mortar. On the floors, close the insulation with a screed (50 mm). On surfaces subject to vibrations and shrinkage, increase the elasticity of the solution with a latex additive.
Sta-Dri masonry paint (US made)
Penetrating waterproofing paint. When applied to porous concrete surfaces, it fills the pores and forms a hard and dense protective coating. Compared to other previously mentioned compounds, it is applied in a thinner layer (about 0.3 kg / sq. M) and holds a water pressure of only 5.5 meters (and in most cases more is not needed). Suitable for processing all parts of buildings (from the chimney to the foundation) on all brick and stone-like surfaces, as well as fences, road construction elements, etc. Serves as a waterproofing and thermal insulation barrier. Other properties are similar to those of the formulations listed above. Forms a latex-like smooth surface, bright and non-gritty, suitable for further finishing. Compressive strength - about 12.5 MPa. Packing - plastic buckets from 2.3 to 19 kg.
Application
It is applied with a brush, roller, sprayer in two layers with a break of 12 hours. Mixing time - 4 hours.
Compared to the "traditional" waterproofing - bitumen-based roll materials, which became widespread after the Great Patriotic War, penetrating waterproofing materials appeared in Russia only a little over 20 years ago.
But, despite such a difference in the “age” of their use, these innovative materials are gaining more and more authority from builders every year.
The first penetrating waterproofing system, the materials of which began to be used in the early 90s of the last century, was the PENETRON system, which over the past 20 years has not lost its leading position and to this day remains the flagship of the penetrating waterproofing medium.
The principle of operation of the penetrating material "Penetron"
When applying the mixture "Penetron" on wet concrete, a high concentration of chemically active substances is created, while the internal structure of the concrete retains a low chemical potential. Osmosis seeks to equalize the potential difference; osmotic pressure occurs. At the same time, soluble active chemical components of the Penetron mixture migrate deep into the concrete structure. The higher the moisture content of concrete, the more effective the process of penetration of active chemical components deep into the concrete. This process takes place both at positive and at negative water pressure. The depth of penetration of the active chemical components of the "Penetron" mortar mixture with a continuous front reaches several tens of centimeters.
Having penetrated deep into the structure of concrete, the active chemical components of the Penetron mortar mix react with ionic complexes of calcium and aluminum, oxides and metal salts contained in concrete, acting as a catalyst. During these reactions, more complex intermediate compounds are formed that can interact with water and create insoluble crystalline hydrates.
A network of crystalline hydrates fills pores, capillaries and microcracks up to 0.4 mm wide. In this case, the crystals become an integral part of the concrete structure, preventing water filtration even in the presence of high hydrostatic pressure. At the same time, concrete retains vapor permeability.
The penetration depth of active chemical components and the rate of crystal formation depend on many factors, in particular, on the density and porosity of concrete, ambient humidity and temperature, and the degree of concrete moisture. In the absence of water in concrete, the process of crystal formation stops. In the presence of water (for example, with an increase in hydrostatic pressure), the process of crystal formation resumes.
Scope of materials
Waterproofing materials of penetrating action of the Penetron system can be used for installation and restoration of waterproofing of existing and under construction monolithic and prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete structures of all categories of crack resistance class not lower than B10 (M150).
The table shows the main construction industries in which the use of materials of the Penetron system has proven itself from the best side:
| No. p / p | Industry name | Object name |
| 1 | Hydraulic structures | Reservoirs, locks, dams, basins, wells, docks, wharfs, sewage treatment plants, dams, etc. |
| 2 | Residential and commercial construction | Foundations, basements, underground structures (parking lots, garages, walkways, etc.), balconies, used and unused roofs, elevator shafts, etc. |
| 3 | Objects for industrial and agro-industrial purposes | Production facilities, cooling tower pools, vegetable stores, chimneys, mines, bunkers, concrete structures subject to aggressive attack, etc. |
| 4 | Objects of civil defense and emergency situations | Shelters, fire tanks, etc. |
| 5 | Objects of the energy complex | SNF storage pools, pumping stations, SNF storage facilities, channels, fuel supply racks, cable tunnels, concrete structures exposed to radiation, etc. |
| 6 | Transport infrastructure facilities | Tunnels (road, rail, pedestrian, etc.), subways, airfields, elements of bridges and roads, etc. |
Benefits of penetrating materials of the Penetron system
To understand the secret of the growing popularity of penetrating waterproofing materials, it is enough to consider their main advantages over "traditional" waterproofing materials.
So, unlike waterproofing coatings created from bitumen-based roll materials or from polymer membranes, waterproofing materials of penetrating action of the PENETRON system:
1) Able to impart water resistance properties to the concrete mixture (and after its "setting" and concrete structure) even at the stage of concreting.
This is achieved by introducing a waterproofing additive into the concrete "Penetron Admix" into the concrete solution.
Moreover, the additive "Penetron Admix" can be introduced both at the concrete site and at the construction site directly into the automixer.
2) Thus, the use of a waterproofing additive in concrete "Penetron Admix" allows "in one go" to solve the issue of waterproofing such a popular, in conditions of dense urban development, foundation or underground parking technology - "wall in the ground".
In this case, there is no need to install an internal concrete wall inside the "wall in the ground", between which and the "wall in the ground", "traditional" waterproofing is usually performed.
3) The use of a waterproofing additive in concrete Penetron Admix "at the stage of concreting the foundation allows, after dismantling the formwork, to immediately backfill the pit, since the concrete structures of the foundation slab and walls of the underground part of the building or structure, after the introduction of the Penetron Admix additive into them, no longer require no waterproofing!
4) If there are leaks in the underground part of an already constructed and operated building (even if at the construction stage, after the formwork was dismantled, “traditional” waterproofing was performed on the outside of the walls) - as a rule, such problems arise 2-3 years after the backfilling of the pit, in In the case of “traditional” waterproofing, it is necessary to dig out the foundation again and make a new waterproofing coating on top of the existing layer, and, despite the fact that these leaks can be local in nature, it will be necessary to dig out and install a new waterproofing layer along the entire perimeter of the foundation, since, having hit through a damaged or defective section of the waterproofing coating, water can “walk” under it along the foundation. Then you can backfill again.
But, where is the guarantee that a technology that has already “not worked” once will “work” a second time?
And if during these 2-3 years, landscaping or landscape design has already been completed around the building?
Is it really necessary to destroy everything in order to correct the shortcomings of the already obsolete waterproofing technology?
Not! Even if at the construction stage someone decided to work “the old fashioned way”, instead of applying modern waterproofing of the penetrating action of the PENETRON system or, in general, as shown in the previously listed advantages (to save money and time, but without saving on the quality of waterproofing and on its result! - apply at the stage of concreting the foundation a waterproofing additive to concrete "Penetron Admix"), then with the help of waterproofing materials of penetrating action of the PENETRON system, namely:
- penetrating waterproofing material PENETRON
- waterproofing non-shrinking sealing suture material "Penecrete" can eliminate leaks and restore waterproofing with guaranteed quality for many, many years!
5) By the way, the indications in the previous advantage of waterproofing materials of penetrating action of the PENETRON system over "traditional" for "many, many years" is not an empty speech, but accurately reflects the essence of the following advantage: after applying waterproofing materials of penetrating action of the PENETRON system, the components included in their composition, penetrating inside the concrete mass, becomes an integral part of concrete, which means that their service life, i.e. the life of the water resistance created by the PENETRON material is comparable to the service life of the concrete itself.
And since concrete, in the absence of exposure to water, has a much longer service life compared to concrete, in which water corrodes the reinforcement and washes out the cement stone, the phrase “for many, many years” takes on a completely understandable and meaningful meaning.
6) In the previous advantage, the following advantage was mentioned, but not disclosed, of the penetration waterproofing materials of the PENETRON system:
the components included in its composition, penetrating inside the concrete mass, cause the growth of water-insoluble crystals inside the capillaries located in the concrete mass, which prevents the passage of water through these capillaries "Penetron"!).
Moreover, the growth of these capillaries is directed towards the water, which leads to the following two advantages of PENETRON penetrating waterproofing materials:
7) Coming into contact with water, the components that make up the Penetron penetrating waterproofing material catalyze the formation of water-insoluble crystals (crystalline hydrates) in the capillaries, and the more the concrete mass is saturated with water, the deeper and deeper the crystals grow.
Thus, the crystallization process can continue until the entire thickness of the concrete structure has been converted into a watertight structure.
What other waterproofing is able to work effectively in conditions of water-saturated concrete and make concrete waterproof throughout the entire thickness of the concrete structure?
9) Having dealt with the "mechanism" of creating waterproofing, using the Penetron penetrating waterproofing material, the following advantage of the PENETRON system materials becomes clear:
making a concrete structure waterproof is possible from any side of it, both outside the foundation and from the inside!
While "traditional" waterproofing can only be used on the outside of the foundation, otherwise "backward" water pressure will tear off the waterproofing coating.
But, most importantly, why it is impossible to use bitumen-based roll materials or polymer membranes from inside the basement, because the entire concrete structure will be saturated with water, which means it will lose its strength and structural characteristics from year to year, due to corrosion of the reinforcement and washing out of the cement stone .
10) As you know, during operation, concrete structures are subjected to various loads and, despite the high strength of concrete, cracks can occur at peak loads under the action of these loads.
The formation of cracks during operation is a serious problem not only in terms of maintaining the concrete structure of its structural characteristics, but also in terms of waterproofing, since unlike the capillary through which water can move through the concrete mass, forming wet spots and drip wetting, cracks can lead to to leaks!
In this matter, "traditional" waterproofing materials are powerless, since under loads that lead to the formation of cracks, at the same time there is a rupture of waterproofing coatings made of bitumen-based roll materials or polymer membranes.
But, due to their ability to cause the formation of crystals inside the concrete mass, the waterproofing materials of the penetrating action of the PENETRON system do an excellent job of maintaining the water resistance of concrete in the event of cracking.
Water-insoluble crystals formed inside the concrete mass during its treatment with penetrating waterproofing material "Penetron" retain the water resistance of concrete even when cracks form in the concrete with an opening width of 0.4 mm.
Video instruction on the use of penetrating material "Penetron"
To solve the acute issue of restoring the waterproofing of basements and other long-used buried premises, traditional bituminous, pasting and plaster waterproofing is used less and less. Outdated materials have been replaced by new technical solutions implemented with the help of penetrating waterproofing.
The principle of operation of penetrating waterproofing
Penetrating waterproofing compositions include two groups of materials: special surface coatings with a penetrating effect and injection hydroactive solutions.
- The composition of waterproofing coatings includes chemically active additives. Waterproofing compositions spread through the pores and capillaries of concrete with the formation of insoluble crystals.
During the operation of structures, when new contacts of water molecules with concrete occur, a chemical reaction resumes with the development of compaction deep into the structure.
- Hydroactive injection compounds are used to repair leaks in building structures. Basically, these are one-component polyurethane fluids having a low viscosity.
During contact with water, polyurethane compounds expand in volume. Injection waterproofing spreads throughout the structure. In this case, the water in the cavities is replaced by a waterproof polyurethane filler.
How penetrating waterproofing works - video
And this video will clearly show how penetrating insulating materials work:
Advantages of penetrating waterproofing
An important advantage of penetrating waterproofing materials is their environmental friendliness. These compounds provide water resistance while maintaining vapor permeability. This property contributes to the preservation of the performance characteristics of building materials - concrete, brick, stone - and the health of people living in such a building.
The advantages of penetrating waterproofing include its ability to form a single whole with the building structure.
The use of penetrating waterproofing has a positive effect on the frost resistance and strength of concrete. This is due to the fact that with constant filtration of water through concrete, the components of the cement stone are washed out. With the loss of 20% calcium hydroxide, concrete loses up to 30% of its original strength. As a rule, such serious consequences are observed during long-term operation - about 40 years. Usually there is a loss of strength - 2-5%. But even such a weakening of concrete can be eliminated in the depths of the structure by no means all waterproofing materials. Restoration of the strength characteristics of concrete and reinforced concrete structures contributes to an increase in the frost resistance of the material.
The frost resistance of the waterproofing material itself, at the same time, does not matter, since it is a single whole with concrete.
"Eternal" methyl acrylate injection waterproofing
Penetrating waterproofing based on methyl acrylate gel is widely used in foreign countries. This material refers to injection compounds that penetrate deeply into the thickness of the building material in order to improve its waterproofing characteristics.
The process of applying methyl acrylate injection waterproofing is as follows:
- In problem areas of concrete or brick walls, holes are drilled into which the gel is pumped.
- After being introduced into the building material, the methyl acrylate gel spreads in depth, displacing moisture and clogging the pores. Over time, the gel comes to the outer surface of the structure and completely covers it with a protective dense layer.
An additional advantage of methyl acrylate gel is its ability to penetrate into the depths of areas adjacent to the building structure, strengthening and protecting them.
A distinctive feature of this injection material is its high speed of action. When sealing a leak in the basement with a gel injection, water stops seeping into the room after a few seconds.
To create a reliable protective layer in the basement, first the gel is injected into the most problematic places, and then the walls are plastered with a cement-sand mortar with gel additives.
Methyl acrylate gel is used for waterproofing basements and other underground structures, including the subway.
However, penetrating waterproofing compounds based on this gel have a significant disadvantage - the high cost of the work. An ordinary consumer cannot do this waterproofing with his own hands, since a special pumping unit is required for its implementation. Such equipment is available only in fairly large construction organizations. But, on the other hand, the use of injections of methyl acrylate gel will permanently get rid of problems with poor waterproofing.
Waterproofing materials of the Penetron system of surface application
Penetron manufactures a wide range of penetrating materials for both waterproofing and injection applications.
Penetron compositions for application to the surface of a protected structure have a number of unique qualities:
- These compositions are applied to a damp surface that does not require pre-drying, which significantly speeds up and reduces the cost of waterproofing work. Application is carried out with a brush (on smooth surfaces) or a spatula (on uneven surfaces).
- The materials of the Penetron system are easy to work with, you just need to follow the rules described in the instructions.
- These materials can be used both from the inside and from the outside of the structure, regardless of the direction in which the water acts.
- The use of Penetron compositions makes it possible to significantly increase the water resistance grade of concrete, increase the strength and frost resistance characteristics of concrete and reinforced concrete elements.
- In case of mechanical damage to the treated structure, the increased operational properties acquired by it are preserved. The use of compositions of this brand ensures the ability of concrete to "self-healing".
- Processing materials with this system allows you to permanently get rid of the problem of poor waterproofing.
- Concrete coated with Penetron waterproofing layer retains vapor permeability.
- The material can be used both for operated and for structures under construction of all degrees of crack resistance.
- The use of waterproofing compositions of this group makes it possible to prevent corrosive destruction of reinforcement.
- Waterproofing can be used even under conditions of high hydrostatic pressure.
- The characteristics acquired by the building material due to the Penetron treatment are retained even under intense radiation exposure.
- Waterproofing compositions of this group are approved for use in drinking water tanks. They are non-toxic, non-combustible materials, explosion and radiation safe.
The shelf life of waterproofing materials in their original packaging is 18 months.
Penetron is a dry building mixture consisting of cement of special grades, quartz sand of a certain granulometric composition, active chemical additives produced under the company's patent.
This waterproofing material has a wide range of applications:
- Processing of monolithic and prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete structures. It can be used on surfaces covered with cement-sand plaster mortar.
- To cut off capillary suction, Penetron is used in combination with Penekrit. Also, a complex of these materials is used for waterproofing cracks, seams, junctions, joints, and places for entering communications.
- Penetron together with Peneplug or Waterplug is used to combat pressure leaks.
Waterproofing materials of the Penetron system are able to protect the structure from the effects of ground and sewage, salt water, alkaline and acidic compounds.
Application of Penetron waterproofing: video tutorial
If you are planning to use Penetron penetrating waterproofing, we recommend watching this video:
Reviews of penetrating waterproofing Penetron
Injection waterproofing system Penetron
The injection waterproofing of the Penetron line includes a complex of two-component resins PeneSplitSeal. It includes two resins: slow and fast.
The main purpose of using the injection complex is to stop the flow of water into the cavity of static and mobile cracks, thereby creating protection for the reinforcement from corrosion.
In case of pressure leaks, PeneSplitSil is used in conjunction with PenePurF.
The waterproofing composition can be used in complexes with perforated hoses located in the seams of the structure during its construction, in brick and stone structures to eliminate capillary suction.
Features of PeneSplitSeal waterproofing:
- has good interaction with concrete, polymeric materials, metal;
- after polymerization, a highly elastic material is formed;
- does not contain solvents;
- work can be carried out at temperatures (+5)-(+35 0 C), and the operation of treated structures - in the range from (-50 0 C) to (+150 0 C).
Brands of penetrating waterproofing compounds presented on the domestic market
- Comparison with Penetron is adequately maintained by such penetrating compositions as Kalmatron, Aquatron, Lakhta. They are widely used for waterproofing hydrotechnical facilities, swimming pools, wells, transport facilities, energy complex, housing and industrial construction facilities, civil defense facilities.
- Compositions "Hydrotex-K", "Hydrotex-V", "Hydrotex-U" are waterproofing materials for internal and external waterproofing of structures made of concrete and stone. "Hydrotex-V" is recommended for use in buried and semi-buried rooms, operated in conditions of constant groundwater infiltration.
- The brand of Ceresit compositions - CR 90 Crystaliser has a penetrating effect. This material is used for waterproofing non-saline bases made of mineral materials and not subject to deformation. Can be used in combination with elastic waterproofing tapes.
- Penetrating hydrohit is a dry mixture used for waterproofing concrete and reinforced concrete. If it is necessary to eliminate the pressure leak, the Hydrohit Ploba composition is used.
Prices for penetrating waterproofing materials
Look at the prices in this table to find a product that has the best price-quality ratio for you:
The task of preserving the fixed assets of the state is directly related to the health and well-being of people. One of the effective and reliable ways to solve it is the use of high-tech modern waterproofing materials of penetrating action.
Penetrating waterproofing - general information and applications, 3.8 out of 5 based on 5 ratingsAnyone who has at least some relation to the construction industry knows what waterproofing is and why it is needed. And this article is intended for those who are just starting to study information about building materials in order to build their dream home.
On this page, we will consider the answers to such questions: What kind of “animal” is this - penetrating waterproofing, where is it used and why is it needed, and is it needed at all?
The answer is unequivocal: If you want your building to be of high quality and to serve faithfully for many years, penetrating waterproofing is indispensable.
Penetrating waterproofing - a luxury or a necessity
This building material serves to protect concrete structures by making them waterproof. An insoluble insulating substance penetrating into the upper porous layer of concrete displaces the liquid filling the pores.
By adding waterproofing components to the composition of the solution, it is possible to modify the processed material:
- Corrosion protection;
- Restoration of technical and operational properties of old concrete;
- Protection against mold and mildew;
- Improves the chemical resistance of the material.
Penetrating is used not only at the initial stage of construction, it can be used in the repair or restoration of the structure. Very often it is used in the processing of already operated buildings.
It is also used for application from the inside - it perfectly withstands back pressure. The resulting crystals do not let moisture into the concrete, but do not block the way for air, the concrete can "breathe". The use of penetrating waterproofing during the construction of the foundation protects it from the effects of an aggressive environment.
Video: Penetrating waterproofing "PENETRON"
Injection waterproofing - types
Injection or liquid is one of the varieties of penetrating. It also serves to protect surfaces from moisture. This material has excellent technical characteristics and is durable.
Injection insulation, in addition to protecting the building from moisture, also perfectly retains heat and resists temperature extremes and corrosion. The main types of injection insulation are liquid glass and liquid rubber.
Liquid rubber
The main qualities of liquid rubber:
- Environmentally friendly;
- Has excellent adhesion;
- Easily restored;
- Easy application process
- High elasticity, flexible.
Liquid rubber is applied using special equipment, it does not require special training or knowledge, the most important thing is to evenly distribute the material. The surface after application remains even and smooth without seams.
Liquid glass - a solution of potassium and sodium silicate.
Everyone is familiar with this type of injection insulation; in fact, it is nothing more than stationery glue. Liquid glass is usually added directly to concrete, which significantly improves its characteristics:
- Improves its moisture resistance;
- Becomes stronger and harder;
- Increased resistance to mechanical stress.
It does not require any special equipment for its use. The main thing is to observe the proportions when mixing concrete and liquid glass. It can also be used not only as an additive in concrete, but also in its pure form. Liquid glass will reliably protect the structure from temperature extremes, sunlight, wind, etc.
On a note! Liquid glass will protect the surface of the structure for 5 years. After that, the procedure will have to be repeated.
Injectable waterproofers, like all other types, are not without contraindications and have some recommendations for use. In order to provide reliable and durable protection to the structure, it is necessary that the performance of the work be at a high level.
Here are some basic rules:
- Cannot be applied to gypsum and limestone surfaces;
- If frost is expected in the near future (24 hours) or the temperature is not higher than 5 degrees, it is strictly forbidden to apply waterproofing;
- It is impossible to process icy surfaces or covered with frost;
- Liquid insulation is applied to the surface carefully, but without the formation of puddles and smudges.
Attention! Work on the application of penetrating waterproofing should be carried out only with rubber gloves.
Penetrating waterproofing for foundations and masonry is a necessary material for repair or construction. The main thing to remember is that no matter what type of waterproofing you choose, you can count on high-quality work only by adhering to all the rules and regulations.
Even the highest quality and most expensive material will not be able to protect the foundation and walls if the technological process was disrupted during application.
Watch the video: Penetrating waterproofing Crystallisol
Traditional rolled and mastic protective materials based on polymers, polymer resins and bituminous mastics, with all their undoubted positive qualities, have one significant drawback: creating a dense, durable protective film, they work independently of the material of the protected structure due to the incompatibility of their deformation properties. This leads during operation to their delamination from the insulated surface with subsequent loss of their functional purpose.
When working with such materials, significant technological problems arise - the need for a thoroughly dried surface, strict adherence to technological parameters, the complexity of working with concrete structures, where there are open leaks during the work period, water inflow through the seams, joints, etc.
More promising are penetrating materials that penetrate into the capillary-porous structure of the cement concrete of the protected structure, followed by filling of microscopic pores and voids with crystalline hydrates. As a result, a layer of increased impermeability is created in the concrete to a certain depth. This leads to an improvement in a number of characteristics of the concrete structure.
Such waterproofing protects structures from water and aggressive media (gasoline, oils, petroleum products), while not excluding vapor permeability. The depth of waterproofing impregnation can reach several centimeters.
In case of mechanical damage to the surface, its waterproofing and protective properties do not change. Penetrating waterproofing can be used on both old and new concrete, does not require special protection during construction work, ensures the safety of not only the concrete itself, but also the steel reinforcement. An important advantage is that the material is successfully used on wet or freshly laid concrete.
Penetrating materials, regardless of the manufacturer, have the same basic composition: cement of a standard grade, quartz sand of certain fractions and active chemicals. It is these active additives, which are the know-how of the company, that make up the main difference between the materials. Although apart from this there are also differences in the method of mixing, the quality of the cement and sand used, the control of the temperature and humidity of the production room.
The technology of using these materials is the same. At the construction site, the dry mixture only needs to be diluted with water to the required consistency. Surface preparation before applying penetrating waterproofing and the method of application are also identical for materials of all companies. Ready mixtures of this group are applied with a brush or spray on a damp surface (Fig. 5.37).
The first material of this group, which appeared in the Far East region, was the American Penetron. Then the Russian Colmatron, Hydrotex, etc. appeared. In the western regions of the country, Vandex-super (Switzerland), Xipex (Canada), Lakhta (Russia), etc. are known. Let us explain the mechanism of action and surface preparation before processing using Penetron as an example.
Rice. 5.37. Wetting the surface and applying the Colmatron coating with a spray gun
When Penetron is applied to a thoroughly moistened surface, its chemical reagents interact with ionic complexes of calcium and aluminum, various oxides and metal salts contained in concrete, forming insoluble crystalline formations in the form of needle-shaped randomly arranged crystals (Fig. 5.38).
Rice. 5.38. Crystal neoplasms of Penetron in concrete 14–28 days after application
This process takes place not only on the concrete surface and adjacent areas, but also extends deep into the concrete structure, mainly due to osmotic pressure. Thus equalizing the high chemical potential of the surface with the low potential of the internal structure, neoplasms rush into the inner layers. These chemical reactions take place under both positive and negative water pressure. In the absence of moisture, the components are inactive. When moisture appears, the reactions resume and the growth of crystals in depth continues, due to which the capillaries of the pore structure of concrete are blocked (Fig. 5.39).
Rice. 5.39. Scheme of Penetron operation during isolation of concrete, cracks and open leaks
The rate and depth of growth of Penetron crystals depend on many factors, in particular on the density and porosity of concrete. In some cases, the penetration depth can reach 90 cm. Penetron becomes an integral part of concrete, forming a single whole with it. Crystalline neoplasms of Penetron block the penetration of water, while maintaining vapor permeability. The success of penetration also depends on the preparation of the surface. Before applying Penetron, it is necessary to clean the concrete surface from dust, dirt, oil products, cement laitance, efflorescence and any foreign substances that may prevent the penetration of the material and the formation of crystals. The concrete surface must have open capillaries, therefore absolutely smooth polished surfaces must be treated with high pressure water or sand or other suitable mechanical means. Before drawing Penetron the concrete surface is carefully moistened.
The amount of water to obtain a solution of the required consistency is determined depending on the method of applying the solution and the type of surface to be treated. An amount of solution should be prepared that can be used within 30 minutes. During use, the solution must be stirred regularly, avoiding re-adding water.
Penetron is recommended to be applied as a liquid solution in two layers. Consumption depends on the surface topography. The average consumption of dry mix per 1 m 2 is from 0.8 to 1.2 kg (0.4–0.6 kg / m 2 per layer). The second coat should be applied over a fresh but already set first coat (usually after 1-2 hours, but no later than 6 hours). The surface must be damp before applying the second coat. Penetron is applied with a synthetic fiber brush or spray equipment. Work on the preparation and application of the composition is carried out in rubber gloves. And Penetron, and Kolmatron, and Hydrotex, are divided into several types and are used depending on the situation.
Only concrete surfaces of prefabricated and monolithic structures are processed by Penetron. All joints, seams, junctions, cavities in concrete structures, utility lines and existing cracks are insulated using Penekrit. For instant elimination of water leakage (even under high pressure) through cracks, joints and holes in any structures made of concrete, stone and brick, the company recommends Peneplug (Waterplug), for horizontal concrete surfaces in new construction - Penetron plus, as an additive , which increases the water resistance of concrete in new construction - Penetron admix.
With the help of Penetron, horizontal waterproofing can also be restored (Fig. 5.40, 5.41).
Rice. 5.40. Waterproofing device "from the inside"
Rice. 5.41. The use of Penetron and Penekrit to eliminate capillary suction
Six modifications of Lakhta waterproofing, designed for various types of work, are offered by the Russian company Rastro. It is difficult to judge the benefits of any waterproofing. We will use the data obtained at the Research Center "Strength" at the St. Petersburg State University of Communications (Table 5.2). The data show that the listed penetrating materials are identical and their effectiveness is almost the same.
Table 5.2
Penetrating waterproofing materials
| Material characteristics | Penetron | Vandex-super | Xipex | Lakhta |
| Manufacturer | ICS/Penetron International Ltd., USA | Vandex International Ltd., Switzerland | XYPEX CHEMICAL, Canada | Rastro, Russia |
| Existing modifications | Penetron, Penecrete Mortar, Peneplug, Penetron Preumatic, Penetron Plus | Vandex Super, Vandex Plus, Vandex Premix, Vandex Concrete | Concentrate, Putch and Plug Ultra Plug | Lakhta penetrating, Lakhta suture, Lakhta plastering, Lakhta coating, water plug, repair composition |
| The composition of the composition | Solid component: water 3: (1.5-2) | Solid component: water 2: 0.8 | Solid component: water 5:2 or 5:3 | Solid component: water 1:1 |
| Consumption per 1 m 2, kg | 1,35: 1,62 | 0,75: 1,5 | 1,45 – 1,6 | 0,6: 1,2 |
| Coating thickness, mm | 1,25: 2 | 1,6: 3 | 1,25 | 1,25 |
| Surface preparation | Apply to damp surface | |||
| Application method | By brush or spray | |||
| Water resistance of treated structures, MPa | 0,8 – 1 | 0,6 – 1,2 | Up to 1.2 | Up to 1 |
| Resistance to chemical aggressive environments | To aggressive ground water, sea water, carbonates, sulfates, chlorides | To sea water, waste and aggressive ground water, some chemical solutions | To aggressive ground water, carbonates, chlorides, sulfates | To aggressive ground water, gasoline, kerosene, mineral masses, sea water, chlorides |
| Penetration depth for 10 days, cm | 4 – 7 | There is no data | There is no data | 4 – 7 |
| Application temperature, °С, not lower | +5 |
The results obtained by the author at the Far Eastern State Transport University, where Penetron, Kolmatron, Hydrotex and the waterproofing "CS 3000" that appeared at dealers, lead to the same conclusion. Except for the last one, all substances showed approximately the same results.
These data allow us to conclude that there is a generally accepted standard. The compositions of waterproofings and, most importantly, the technology of their application also testify in favor of the conclusion. Even in the process of repairing old or poorly made surfaces that have significant damage, it is enough to form a smooth surface given in Table. 5.2 material consumption 1.2–1.62 kg / m 2.