Family: pink (lat. Rosaceae).
motherland
It is believed that the birthplace of cherries is Transcaucasia and Asia Minor, presumably Persia.
The form: tree or shrub.
Description
Cherry - graceful plant height from 2 to 6 m, depending on the form (bush or tree). Cherry root deeply - up to 2 meters - goes into the ground. root system consists of skeletal (vertical) and fibrous (horizontal) roots. Depending on the phase of the life of the tree and the degree of irrigation of the soil, the roots of one or another type mainly develop. The bark of the cherry is gray-brown. The trunk of the cherry is slender. Cherry gives shoots of three types: growth, fruit (flowering) and mixed. Cherry leaves are petiolate, elliptical in shape with a pointed end and serrated edges. The cherry flower is white or pink in color, the flowers are collected in inflorescences. Cherry fruits are a juicy drupe with one round stone inside.
More than 150 types of cherries are known. In Russia, only some types of cherries are grown.
Cherry Bessey, or American cherry (C. besseyi). Homeland - North America. Height up to 1.5 m. The form of the plant is shrubby. The bush is strongly branched, the shape of the bush is irregular. Shoots naked, reddish. Leaves up to 5 cm long, dark green above, light green below, pinkish in autumn. The inflorescence of an umbrella-shaped form consists of 2-6 flowers. Flowering time up to 20 days. The color of the fruit is from dark red to purple-black, the taste is bitter, astringent. Fruiting begins in the ninth year of the plant's life.
Cherry warty (C. vernicosa). In its natural environment, it grows in the mountains of Tajikistan, Tien Shan, Altai, Pamir. Height up to 1 m. The form of the plant is shrubby. The bush is strongly branched. The branches are straight. Cherry leaves up to 2 cm long, broadly oval leaf shape. The inflorescence of an umbrella-shaped form consists of 2-8 flowers. Flowering time up to 11 days. The color of the fruit is dark red, the taste is sweet and sour.
, or Chinese cherry (C. tomentosa). Homeland - China. Height up to 3.5 m. The form of the plant is shrubby. Felt cherry has a broad-egg-shaped bush. Young shoots are thin, felt-pubescent. Leaves up to 5 cm long, felt-pubescent below, very wrinkled above, grayish-green in color. In autumn they change color to reddish or yellowish. Flowers with a very short pedicel, as it were, cover the branches. Flower diameter up to 2.5 cm. Flowering time up to 10 days. The color of the fruits is pale pink or bright red, the fruits seem to stick around the branches, the taste is sweet and sour. Chinese cherry is a very fast-growing plant. Fruiting begins in the fourth year of the plant's life.
(C. glandulosa). In its natural environment, it grows in the Far East, in China, Korea. Height up to 1.5 m. The form of the plant is shrubby. The glandular cherry bush has a tent shape. The shoots are long, thin, unstable, bent to the ground, smooth, reddish or brown in color with a bluish bloom. Cherry leaves are light green, turning yellow-red in autumn. Flowers solitary or in an inflorescence of 2 flowers. Flowering time up to 8 days. Fruit color is bright red. Fruiting begins in the fifth year of the plant's life.
Cherry sour (C. austera). Natural hybrid, closely related to common cherry. Distributed in the temperate zone. Height from 1.5 to 10 m. The shape of the plant is tree-like. Fruit taste is sour.
(C. kurilensis). In its natural environment, it grows in the Far East, in Japan. Height up to 2 m. The form of the plant is shrubby. Umbrella-shaped inflorescence. Flowering is plentiful, begins before the appearance of leaves, the duration of flowering is up to 6 days. The taste of the fruit is bitter. Fruiting begins in the tenth year of the plant's life.
(C. maximowiczii). In its natural environment, it grows in the Far East, Japan, Korea, Northeast China. Height up to 15 m. The shape of the plant is tree-like. The shape of the crown is rounded. The color of the leaves is very decorative: light purple or bronze in spring, green in summer, orange in autumn. The inflorescence of an umbrella-shaped form consists of 5-7 flowers. Flowering time up to 6 days. The color of the fruit is red-black. The fruits are inedible. Fruiting begins in the tenth year of the plant's life.
Cherry serrated, or sakura, or decorative cherry (C. serrulata). Homeland - Japan. Height up to 10 m. This cherry is a tree. The branches are directed upwards. Flowering is plentiful. Terry flowers. Flowering time up to 7 days. Fruit color is black.
cherry almond blossom (C. amigdalifolia). Dwarf look. Height up to 3 m. The form of the plant is shrubby. The bush is strongly branched. The shape of the bush is pillow-shaped. Cherry berries are dark red.
, or garden cherry (C. vulgaris). A natural hybrid, in culture it is widely distributed in the temperate zone. Height from 1.5 to 6 m. The shape of the plant is tree-like. Leaves up to 8 cm long, smooth, dark green and light green in color. The inflorescence of an umbrella-shaped form consists of 2-4 flowers. Flowering time up to 20 days. Cherry fruits with a diameter of about 1.5 cm, light red color, sweet and sour taste. This view gives the best varieties cherries for central Russia.
Sand cherry, or sand cherry, or dwarf cherry (C. pumila). Homeland - North America. Height up to 1.5 m. The form of the plant is shrubby. Shoots thin, bare, reddish color. In a young plant, the shoots are upright, in an old plant they are prostrate. The leaves are up to 5 cm long, leathery, the color is dark green above, grayish-white below, in autumn the leaf color changes to orange-red. The inflorescence of an umbrella-shaped form consists of 2-3 flowers. This cherry blossoms up to 23 days. The color of the fruit is purple-black.
, or wild cherry (C. avium). It is not cultivated in the Caucasus, in the Crimea, in the mountains of Central and Southern Europe, in Asia Minor and Iran. Height up to 35 m. Bird cherry - tree. The branches are directed upwards, forming an ovoid crown. Leaves up to 16 cm long, pubescent along the bottom of the leaf, dark green color. The inflorescence of an umbrella-shaped form consists of 3-5 flowers. Flowering time up to 14 days. The color of the fruit is from light yellow to dark red, the taste is bitter. Fruiting begins in the ninth year of the plant's life.
Sakhalin cherry (C. sachalinensis). In its natural environment grows on Sakhalin and Kuril Islands. Height up to 25 m. This cherry is a tree. Cherry bark is brown. Leaves up to 13 cm long. Leaf color is very decorative: purple or bronze in spring, green in summer, yellow or dark red in autumn. Flowering early, simultaneously with the appearance of leaves, very abundant. Flowering time up to 9 days. Honey plant.
gray cherry (C. incana). Homeland - Turkey, Transcaucasia. Height up to 1.5 m. The form of the plant is shrubby. The color of the branches is brown, the shoot of the cherry is gray. Leaves up to 3.5 cm long, white-felt-pubescent below. The leaf stalks are short-haired. Cherry blossom lasts up to 15 days. Cherry berry is pink-red. Fruiting begins in the fifth year of the plant's life.
, or shrub cherry (C. fruticosa). It grows in culture in the temperate zone. Height up to 0.5 to 2 m. The form of the plant is shrubby. numerous. Steppe cherry has a spherical or irregular shape bush. Bush diameter up to 80 cm. Shoots are long, thin, unstable. Leaves up to 4 cm long, smooth, dark green and light green in color, fall off in autumn. The umbrella-shaped cherry inflorescence consists of 2-4 flowers. Flowering time up to 12 days. The color of the fruit is from yellow to dark red, the taste is sweet and sour or sour, tart. Fruiting begins in the fifth year of the plant's life. This species gives the best varieties of cherries for the Ural regions.
Tien Shan cherry (C. tianschanica). In its natural environment, it grows in the mountainous regions of Central Asia. Height up to 1.5 m. This cherry is a shrub. The bush is strongly branched, the shape of the bush is rounded. In a young plant, shoots are yellowish-gray in color, in an old plant - brown-gray. Leaves up to 2.5 cm long. The umbrella-shaped inflorescence consists of 4-6 flowers. Flowering time up to 11 days. Fruit color is dark red.
hill cherry (C. collina). A natural hybrid, in culture it is widely distributed in the temperate zone. The form of the plant is shrubby. Shoots drooping. The color of the fruit is black-red, the taste is sweet and sour.
(C. japonica). In the natural environment, it is widely distributed in Japan and China. Height up to 1.5 m. The form of the plant is shrubby. The bush is strongly branched. Shoots are thin, flexible. Leaves up to 7 cm long. Flowers solitary or in an inflorescence of 2 flowers. Flowering time up to 21 days. Cherries are bright red. Fruiting begins in the fourth year of the plant's life.
Growing conditions
Growing cherries requires rich, light, loose soils. Cherry is thermophilic, does not tolerate cold drafts. In the garden, cherry grows best in windproof places. If the site is located on a slope, it is best to plant cherries at the top of the slope.
Otherwise, different types of cherries need different conditions cultivation.
Cherry Bessey is winter-hardy, frost-resistant, drought-resistant, photophilous. The American cherry is very undemanding to soils, grows well even on sandy, saline, stony soils.
Cherry warty winter-hardy, undemanding to soils, grows well on alkaline soils.
Cherry felt winter-hardy, frost-resistant. Light-loving, drought-resistant. It grows well in windy places. Felt cherry needs light, well-fertilized, non-acidic soils, without stagnant water. Chinese cherry does not like flat areas.
Cherry glandular is not frost-resistant, not winter-hardy. Photophilous. Needs fertile soils.
Maksimovich's cherry is winter-hardy. Very shade tolerant. Undemanding to the composition of the soil, but grows best on fertile, not waterlogged soils.
Almond blossom cherries grow well even in very poor, stony soils. Frost-resistant.
Cherry ordinary shade-tolerant, frost-resistant, drought-resistant. Likes calcareous soils and soils rich in humus.
Sand cherry is very winter-hardy. Photophilous, frost-resistant, drought-resistant. It is very undemanding to soils, grows well even on poor sandy soils.
Cherry bird shade-tolerant, frost-resistant. Needs moist, fertile soils.
Cherry-sakura is very thermophilic. IN middle lane Russian cherry serrate is not winter-hardy.
Cherry Sakhalin frost-resistant. Shade-tolerant. It grows well on weakly podzolic or soddy soils.
Cherry gray winter-hardy in the conditions of central Russia. Photophilous. It is very undemanding to soils, grows well on dry stony slopes.
Steppe cherry is one of the most winter-hardy types of cherries (up to -50C). It has excellent drought tolerance. Photophilous. It is undemanding to the soil, grows well on poor, stony soils.
Cherry Tien Shan is winter-hardy in the conditions of central Russia. Light-requiring, very drought-resistant. Grows well in poor, rocky, sandy soils.
Japanese cherry is very thermophilic; in central Russia it hibernates with shelter.
Application
Cherry in the garden looks very decorative, so in landscape design cherry is widely distributed. In small group plantings, almost all types and varieties of cherries look great. In single plantings, bird cherries, sakura cherries, Maksimovich cherries, felt cherries, ferruginous cherries, Sakhalin cherries and Japanese cherries are very effective. Bessey's cherry, common cherry, Tien Shan cherry are most suitable for creation. To improve the decorativeness of the hedge, it combines early varieties cherries with late.
Some types of cherries are great: Bessey's cherry, steppe cherry, warty cherry, almond-colored cherry, sand cherry, Tien Shan cherry, gray cherry. Dwarf types of cherries from this group will decorate rocky hills.
Woody forms of cherries can be planted in tubs.
As a fruit tree, the cherry is grown almost all over the world.
In addition, cherries are widely used in cooking (cherry fruit), folk medicine(cherry buds), cosmetology (cherry fruits), when creating furniture and interior items.
Care
Growing cherries involves a number of regular procedures.
The soil under the cherry is carefully weeded out, as this plant does not tolerate almost any competition for water. It is best to keep the soil loose, and dig a little every autumn (no deeper than 8 cm at the trunk and 20 cm along the periphery of the crown). Cherries respond well to mulching.
Cherry in the garden needs systematic watering without waterlogging. Trees are watered abundantly (40-60 liters per 1 m² of area around the tree) after flowering, during fruiting and in early autumn. In hot summers, cherries are watered twice a month.
Cherry care also consists in infrequent, but regular feeding of the plant. Every spring (preferably after the end of flowering), the cherry requires mineral dressing, every three years the cherry needs to be applied. organic fertilizers(autumn). Felt cherries require some special attention. Caring for it also consists in adding lime to the soil (every five years).
The main procedure that a cherry tree needs in the garden is this. Annually in early spring forming cherry pruning is done, and then only sanitary pruning. Proper pruning of cherries allows you to achieve an almost perfect shape of the crown or bush of the plant, excellent decorative qualities, and a good harvest.
Cherry transplant is not necessary procedure caring for cherries in the garden.
reproduction
Self-cultivation of cherries is not very laborious. However, the best selection of cherries occurs in nurseries where you can take cherry seedlings.
Cherry propagation is carried out using root shoots, cuttings, grafts, as well as seeds. Cherry root shoots and cuttings are planted in early spring, before bud break. Since cherries do not like competition for water, it is best to plant cherry trees at a distance of 2.5-3 m from each other. Cherry grafting is carried out before bud break. Cherry seeds are sown in early autumn, and next autumn, cherry seedlings are already planted in the ground.
Since the types and varieties of cherries are divided into self-fertile, partially self-fertile and self-fertile varieties of cherries, in order to obtain a crop in group plantings, it is necessary to plant cherry seedlings different types and varieties.
Diseases and pests
Cherries in the garden are prone to a number of diseases. Cherry diseases: fungal infections (coccomycosis, cylindrosporosis, or white rust, clasterosporiasis, or perforated spot, fruit rot) and viral diseases (necrotic and chlorotic ring spots). Only felt cherry is resistant to coccomycosis. Cherry diseases are treated by spraying, pruning dry and diseased branches, burning falling leaves.
Cherry pests: cherry fly, cherry sawfly, stone wasp, cherry weevil, black cherry leaf aphid, scale insect, codling moth, cherry shoot moth.
Popular varieties and forms
Varieties and forms of felt cherry
'Summer' - winter-hardy variety. The bush is compact. More large-fruited than other felt cherry varieties.
‘Spark’- medium-sized cherry variety, height up to 2 m. The shape of the crown is rounded. Durable variety.
‘Eastern dark-skinned woman’- undersized variety, bush height up to 1.2 m. The shape of the crown is wide spreading. The color of the fruit is dark burgundy. Winter-hardy variety.
Varieties and forms of finely serrated cherries
‘Amanogava’- a variety of cherry with white-pink flowers.
‘Accolade’- cherry-sakura with bright pink flowers.
‘Kiku-shidare-zakura’- small-serrated cherry with pink flowers and a weeping crown shape.
Varieties and forms of common cherry
‘Aucubaefolia’- a form of common cherry with leaves of a spotted yellow-green color.
‘Aureo-variegata’- a form of common cherry with leaves of yellow and white-mottled color.
‘Persicifolia’- a form of common cherry with light or bright pink flowers.
‘plena’- form of ordinary cherry with white semi-double flowers.
'Rhexi'- undersized form of common cherry with large white double flowers.
‘Semperflorens’- undersized form of common cherry, characterized by an extended flowering period - up to 3 months.
‘Umbraculifera’- undersized cherry with a compact spherical crown.
‘Salicifolia’- form of common cherry with leaves up to 13 cm long.
'Alpha' - new variety. Height up to 4 m. The color of the fruit is dark red. Variety ‘Alpha’ has a high yield.
‘Biryusinka’- a new variety. The shape of the crown is spreading. Cherry ‘Biryusinka’ is a very winter-hardy variety with increased productivity.
'Victoria'- a medium-sized cherry variety with a rounded raised crown. Flower color is white. Fruit color is dark red. Cherry ‘Victoria’ has a high yield and high resistance to coccomycosis.
‘Vladimirskaya’- an old variety, widespread in Russia. The height of the bush is up to 5 m, the shape of the crown is rounded. Flower color is white. Fruit color is dark red. Cherry ‘Vladimirskaya’ produces cherry fruits of very high quality.
‘Zagoryevskaya’- undersized cherry variety. Fruit color is dark red. Cherry ‘Zagoryevskaya’ is a self-fertile cherry with high yield and medium winter hardiness.
‘Lyubskaya’- a variety widely distributed in central Russia. Height up to 2.5 m. The shape of the crown is wide-spread. Cherry flower white. Fruit color is dark red. Cherry ‘Lyubskaya’ is a variety with medium frost resistance.
'Hope'- tall variety, height up to 6 m, crown shape broadly pyramidal or rounded. Flower color is white. Fruit color is dark red. Cherry ‘Hope’ is characterized by high yield and resistance to cherry diseases.
‘Novella’- medium-sized variety, height up to 3 m, rounded crown shape. Cherry flower white. The color of the fruit is almost black. Cherry ‘Novella’ is a high-yielding variety resistant to coccomycosis and moniliosis.
‘Podbelsky’- medium-sized variety with a rounded crown. Flower color is white. Fruit color is dark red. Cherry ‘Podbelskaya’ is a variety with reduced frost resistance, high resistance to fungal diseases.
‘Resistant’- medium-sized variety, height up to 3 m, round-oval crown shape. Flower color is white. Fruit color is dark red. Cherry ‘Resistant’ has a high yield.
‘Trinity’- medium-sized variety, height up to 3 m. The shape of the crown is oval-pyramidal. Flower color is white. Fruit color is dark red. Cherry ‘Troitskaya’ is productive, durable.
‘Turgenevka’- medium-sized cherry variety, height up to 3 m, crown shape is reverse pyramidal. Flower color is white. Fruit color is dark red. Cherry ‘Turgenevka’ is a very fruitful, winter-hardy cherry.
‘Ural Rowan’- undersized bush cherry. The height of the bush is up to 1.8 m. The shape of the crown is wide-round. Flower color is white. Fruit color is dark red. Cherry ‘Uralskaya’ is a winter-hardy variety with late flowering, increased cherry yield.
‘Kharitonovskaya’- medium-sized variety with a spherical crown. The flowers are large, the color of the flowers is white. Fruit color is dark red. Cherry ‘Kharitonovskaya’ has increased resistance to coccomycosis.
‘Black large’- medium-sized variety, height up to 4 m, crown shape broadly pyramidal. Flower color is white. The color of the fruit is almost black. Cherry ‘Black’ is an early-growing variety with large fruits.
‘Chernokorka’- medium-sized variety, distributed mainly in Ukraine. The shape of the crown is flat-round. The color of the fruit is dark burgundy. Chernokorka cherry has a relatively high winter hardiness.
‘Chocolate Girl’- medium-sized variety, height up to 2.5 m, crown shape is reverse pyramidal. Flower color is white. The color of the fruit is almost black. Cherry ‘Chocolate Girl’ is a winter-hardy, fruitful, self-fertile variety.
'Spanka'- a variety with a wide spreading crown. Height up to 3 m. The color of the fruit is light red. Cherry ‘Shpanka’ is a medium-hardy variety.
‘Shubinka’- a variety with a wide pyromidal crown. Fruit color is dark red. Cherry ‘Shubinka’ has high winter hardiness.
Varieties and forms of bird cherry
‘Salicifolia’- the form of bird cherry with narrow leaves.
‘Nana’- dwarf form of bird cherry.
‘plena’- the form of bird cherry with white semi-double flowers.
‘Asplenifolia’- the form of bird cherry with carved leaves.
‘Variegata’- a form of bird cherry with spotted white-yellow-green leaves.
‘Pyramidalis’- the shape of a bird's cherry with a pyramidal crown.
‘Pendula’- the form of bird cherry with drooping branches.
‘Northern’- a variety of bird cherry with light yellow fruits. Cherry ‘Northern’ is a winter-hardy, fruitful, self-fertile variety.
‘Dessert’- tall variety. The shape of the crown is pyramidal. Flower color is white. Fruit color is dark red. Cherry ‘Dessert’ has a high winter hardiness.
Varieties and forms of steppe cherries
Our grandmothers, growing strawberries, or strawberries, as we used to call them, were not particularly worried about mulching. But today this agricultural practice has become fundamental in achieving high quality berries and reducing crop losses. Some might say it's troublesome. But practice shows that labor costs in this case pay off handsomely. In this article, we suggest that you get acquainted with the nine best materials for mulching garden strawberries.
Mint was used by the Egyptians as far back as 1.5 thousand years BC. It has a strong aroma due to the high content of various essential oils with high volatility. Today, mint is used in medicine, perfumery, cosmetology, winemaking, cooking, ornamental gardening, and the confectionery industry. In this article, we will consider the most interesting varieties of mint, and also talk about the features of growing this plant in open ground.
Looking at the variety of varieties of tomatoes, it is difficult not to get confused - the choice is very wide today. He sometimes confuses even experienced gardeners! However, it is not so difficult to understand the basics of selecting varieties “for yourself”. The main thing is to understand the peculiarities of culture and start experimenting. One of the easiest tomato groups to grow are varieties and hybrids with limited growth. They have always been appreciated by those gardeners who do not have much time and energy to care for the beds.
Once very popular under the name of indoor nettles, and then forgotten by everyone, coleuses today are one of the most striking garden and indoor plants. They are not in vain considered stars of the first magnitude for those who are looking primarily for non-standard colors. Easy to grow, but not so undemanding as to suit everyone, coleus require constant supervision. But if you take care of them, bushes of velvety unique leaves will easily outshine any competitor.
Salmon backbone baked in Provence herbs is a "supplier" of delicious pieces of fish pulp for light salad with fresh wild garlic leaves. Mushrooms are lightly fried in olive oil, and then poured with apple cider vinegar. Such mushrooms are tastier than ordinary pickled ones, and they are better suited for baked fish. Ramson and fresh dill coexist perfectly in one salad, emphasizing the flavor of each other. Garlic sharpness of wild garlic will saturate both the flesh of salmon and pieces of mushrooms.
Conifer tree or a shrub on the site is always great, and a lot of conifers is even better. Emerald needles of various shades decorate the garden at any time of the year, and phytoncides and essential oils secreted by plants not only flavor, but also make the air cleaner. As a rule, most zoned adult conifers are considered to be very unpretentious trees and shrubs. But young seedlings are much more capricious and require competent care and attention.
Sakura is most often associated with Japan and its culture. Picnics under the shade of flowering trees have long become an essential attribute of the meeting of spring in the Land of the Rising Sun. The financial and academic year here begins on April 1, when magnificent cherry blossoms bloom. Therefore, many significant moments in the life of the Japanese pass under the sign of their flowering. But sakura also grows well in cooler regions - certain types can be successfully grown even in Siberia.
It is very interesting for me to analyze how people's tastes and preferences for certain foods have changed over the centuries. What was once considered tasty and traded lost its value over time and, conversely, new fruit crops conquered their markets. Quince has been cultivated for more than 4 thousand years! And even in the 1st century BC. e. about 6 varieties of quince were known and even then the methods of its reproduction and cultivation were described.
Make your family happy and make themed Easter egg-shaped cottage cheese cookies! Your children will be happy to take part in the process - they will sift the flour, combine all the necessary ingredients, knead the dough and cut out intricate figures. Then they will watch with admiration as the pieces of dough turn into real ones. Easter eggs, and then with the same enthusiasm they will eat them with milk or tea. How to make such original cookies for Easter, read our step-by-step recipe!
There are not so many decorative and deciduous favorites among tuberous crops. And the caladium is a true star among the variegated inhabitants of the interiors. Not everyone can decide to start a Caladium. This plant is demanding, and first of all - to care. But still, the rumors about the unusual capriciousness of the Caladium never justify. Attention and care allow you to avoid any difficulties when growing caladiums. And a plant can almost always forgive small mistakes.
We have prepared a hearty, incredibly appetizing and simply elementary dish for you today. This gravy is one hundred percent universal, as it will suit every side dish: vegetables, pasta, and anything. Gravy with chicken and mushrooms will save you in moments when there is no time or you don’t want to think too much about what to cook. Grab your favorite side dish (you can make this ahead of time to keep it hot), add gravy and dinner is ready! A real lifesaver.
Among the many different varieties of these top-selling vegetables, here are three that excel in flavor and relatively undemanding growing conditions. Characteristics of eggplant varieties "Diamond", "Black Handsome" and "Valentina". All eggplants have a medium density pulp. In "Almaz" it is greenish, and in the other two it is yellowish-white. They are united by good germination and excellent yield, but at different times. Everyone's skin color and shape is different.
Agriculture is one of those human activity, the successful outcome of which is not always directly proportional to the efforts made. Unfortunately, nature does not necessarily act as our ally in growing plants, and often, on the contrary, throws up new challenges. Intensified reproduction of pests, abnormal heat, late return frosts, hurricane winds, drought ... And one of the springs presented us with another surprise - a flood.
With the coming of the season dacha works raises the question of growing strong and healthy seedling our favorite vegetables: cabbage, tomatoes, sweet peppers, eggplant and many other crops. Along with this, the question arises - how to grow decent seedlings and in the future get healthy plants from it and decent harvest? For example, I have been growing seedlings for more than one season and protecting my garden from diseases with the help of biological preparations Alirin-B, Gamair, Glyocladin, Trichocin.
Let me confess my love today. In love with... lavender. One of the best unpretentious, evergreen and flowering shrubs that can be successfully grown in your garden. And if someone thinks that lavender is a Mediterranean or, at least, southern inhabitant, then you are mistaken. Lavender grows well in more northern regions, even in the Moscow region. But in order to grow it, you need to know some rules and features. They will be discussed in this article.
Such a plant as an ordinary cherry is familiar to everyone today. This fruit tree is not uncommon, and grows almost everywhere: on household plots, in front gardens and even along roads. Popular, durable and unpretentious plant, has a fairly wide application in cooking, traditional medicine, cosmetology.
Berries are consumed fresh, they are used to make jams, compotes, jams. In addition, they are also used in the manufacture of liqueurs, tinctures, wines. The plant is used in folk medicine, as it is endowed with a mass of healing properties. Valued by nutritionists, and those who follow their figure.
Cherry is a shrub or small tree of the plum family, reaching a height of two or more meters. The plant is endowed with a spherical crown, brown bark, long first greenish and then brownish shoots, simple alternate short-petiolate whole elliptical bare leaves with pointed tops, large actinomorphic bisexual fragrant white flowers collected in umbellate inflorescences.
The fruits are juicy drupes. It begins to bloom long before the leaves appear, in April, and the fruits begin to ripen in early summer. Cherry grows almost all over the globe, but prefers places with a temperate climate.
How is plant material harvested?
In folk medicine for the manufacture medicines they use not only the fruits of the plant, but also leaves, branches, cherry glue, bark and stalks. Sheets are torn off, poured onto paper and dried in a well-ventilated area.
Berries can be dried natural way, but more often still people use special dryers. Dried raw materials are poured into glass containers and stored in a dry, well-ventilated area. The shelf life of harvested leaves and fruits is one year.
Composition, healing properties
The plant is rich in: sugars, anthocyanins, pectin compounds, organic acids (citric, succinic, malic, quinic), ascorbic acid, carotene, tannins, minerals (potassium, iron, copper, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, sulfur, zinc, iodine , manganese, cobalt, nickel)), coumarins, fatty oils, flavonoids, catechins, vitamins A, E, H, PP, starch.
The richest chemical composition endows the plant with a mass of useful properties. It has a number of useful properties:
- diuretic;
- anti-inflammatory;
- expectorant;
- antitumor;
- antioxidant;
- antiseptic;
- restorative;
- immunostimulating effect.
Medicines help:
- strengthening immunity;
- prevention of development and growth of tumors;
- increased appetite;
- removal of toxins and toxic substances from the body;
- improving the functioning of the central nervous system;
- lowering blood pressure;
- strengthening capillaries;
- treatment of arthritis, colds, constipation, convulsions, epilepsy, neurosis, tonsillitis, jaundice, edema, tuberculosis, wounds, burns.
Recipes for use in informal medicine
Neuroses, epilepsy, convulsions: decoction therapy. Take the dried bark of the plant, grind to a powdery consistency. Pour two tablespoons of powder with water, approximately half a liter. Place the container in a darkened room for several hours. After the time has elapsed, pour the composition into a saucepan, place on the stove, boil, then reduce the heat and continue to simmer for a quarter of an hour. Cool and strain the composition. It is recommended to drink a glass of drink four times a day.
Preparation of a general tonic medicine. Take dried fruits, about a couple of spoons, chop and combine with oregano - 20 g and the same amount of hibiscus. Mix the ingredients and pour half a liter of water. Boil the composition, reduce the heat and boil the composition for a quarter of an hour. Remove the broth in heat for a couple of hours. Drink half a glass of medicine three times a day. In order to improve the taste of the drink, you can add a spoonful of honey.
The infusion will help in the treatment of renal pathologies. This drug has strong diuretic properties. Take the cuttings, chop and steam a few tablespoons of raw materials with boiling water - 300 ml. It is necessary to insist the remedy for an hour, at least. Drink 100 milliliters of medicine three times a day.
Preparation of a remedy that helps to eliminate painful sensations during urination. Connect equal amounts of branches with corn stigmas, mix and grind the ingredients to a powdery consistency. Steam a couple of tablespoons of raw materials with boiling water - 500 ml. Put the composition in a dry place for three hours. It is recommended to take 50 ml of the drink four times a day.
Arthritis, joint pain: decoction therapy. Mix equal amounts of branches and stalks, chop and boil with boiling water. Set the remedy aside for a while. Drink 50 milliliters of a healing drink several times a day.
Jaundice: application of infusion. Finely chop the leaves and pour 20 grams of raw milk - 300 ml. Put the composition on the stove, wait for it to boil. Cool and take half a glass of medicine three times a day, after a meal.
Tuberculosis: treatment with cherry glue. Take 20 grams of glue, dissolve in boiling water - one glass. Take a third cup of the drug three times a day, shortly before meals.
Anemia: infusion therapy. Mix in equal proportions leaves of cherry, thyme, mountain ash and calendula. Mix and finely chop ingredients. Brew 15 g of the mixture with boiled water - 300 ml. Infuse the remedy in heat for five hours. Take the medicine three times a day, 1/4 cup.
Peeling. Means for removing dead skin cells and narrowing pores. Take fresh cherries, grind to a mushy consistency and combine with 10 g of starch, mix. Apply the composition to cleansed face. Wash off with cold water after 20 minutes.
Hair Mask. Squeeze juice from fresh fruits of the plant. Then mix the juice with two tablespoons of starch and the juice of one lemon. Apply the composition to your hair, put on a plastic cap and wrap your head with a terry towel. After half an hour, wash your hair with shampoo.
Contraindications
Like any other medicinal plant in addition to indications, cherries have a number of contraindications. It is strictly forbidden to be treated with drugs from it in the presence of such ailments as: stomach ulcer, hypotension, diabetes mellitus, obesity. It is not recommended to use plant-based products with individual intolerance.
Before using any preparations of cherries, do not forget to consult your doctor.
Cherries, like everyone else fruit plants, distinguish between root and above-ground systems.
root system cherries are located in the soil shallow. According to many researchers, the bulk of the roots lie at a depth of 40-60 cm, and on poor poorly cultivated and heavy soils - 20-40 cm. At the base, the roots grow most densely. They grow wider. According to the nature of their placement in the soil, the roots are horizontal, located almost parallel to the surface of the soil, and vertical, going vertically deep into the soil. The former cover the surface horizons of the soil, where they are especially active. microbiological processes and accumulates a lot of necessary nutrients. The latter supply water, mineral elements from deeper horizons, and also give the cherry tree or shrub stability.
The horizontal roots of some cherry varieties have the ability to form numerous root shoots, which sometimes litter the garden. Features of the placement of the root system of cherries in the soil must be taken into account when carrying out agrotechnical measures to care for the soil in the garden, fertilize, remove overgrowth, etc.
Above ground system has various sizes and shapes. In trees, a trunk and a crown are distinguished, formed skeletal branches with many branches. On the stem part there are buds, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. On the shoots of cherries, two types of lateral buds are formed: growth and fruit. In contrast to pome species, the buds of cherries are simple, that is, they give either only growth or only flower formations. The next year after laying, a growth bud can only give a growth-type shoot or a rosette of leaves, and a fruit bud can give only flowers and fruits. After the fruit ripens, a scar forms at the place of fruiting, and the branch in this place becomes bare (Fig. 1).
As an exception, some varieties of cherries have mixed kidneys, which, during development, form a flower brush, sitting on a short shoot with small leaves. In summer, fruit or growth buds are laid in the axils of these leaves. Shoots sprout from growth buds in the same or next year. This is usually seen on young or vigorous trees in favorable conditions growth. In this case, the exposure of branches slows down and the yield increases significantly.
Cherry differs from pome species, which have a terminal fruiting character, by a pronounced lateral fruiting character - fruit buds are located on the side along the length of the shoot. The apical bud of the shoot is always growth.
A feature of the cherry is the ability to form in the axil of the leaf, in addition to single two or three group buds. Of the two paired buds, one may be growth, the other fruit, both growth or fruit. Triple buds can have two fruit (growth between them) or all three fruit.
A group of buds (usually 5-7) makes up the so-called bouquet branch, in the center of which there are one or two growth buds, and the rest of the buds are fruit buds.
Depending on the placement of growth and fruit buds, different shoots are distinguished in cherries. Rostovye shoots bear only growth buds. Usually these are strong shoots of at least 40-50 cm in length, which are formed in young barren trees. mixed shoots have both growth and fruit buds, which are placed interspersed. Their length is about 25-40 cm. fruit shoots bear only fruit buds, except for the apical one. Their length is about 10-15 cm. bouquet twigs- very short fruit shoots, about 1-2 cm long. As a rule, bouquet branches are placed on older growths. When they bloom, a bouquet of flowers is formed. A bouquet branch is a perennial fruit formation; under good nutritional conditions, it can live up to 5-7 years.
Cherry bears fruit on last year's growths (fruit and mixed shoots) and on bouquet twigs located on two-year-old and perennial wood.
According to the nature of growth and fruiting, two biological groups of cherries are distinguished: bushy and tree-like. They differ in life expectancy, productivity, precocity, etc.
bushy cherry, as a rule, has a small height (from 1.5 to 2 m). The crown is wide, drooping, sprawling. It does not have a central axis and consists of several independent trunks (Fig. 2), or one with a very short trunk and a central axis from which lateral branches extend.
The group of bushy cherries mainly includes varieties obtained using steppe cherries in crossings or as a result of the selection of steppe cherries: Polzhir, Ideal, Nadezhda Krupskaya, Fertile Michurina. In addition, this includes such varieties as Vladimirskaya, Shubinka, Lyubskaya, etc.
The life expectancy of bush cherries is 15-20 years. The ability to sprouting different varieties expressed to varying degrees. A lot of root growth is formed by Vladimirskaya, Rastunya and some others.
Bushy cherries are fast-growing, they begin to bear fruit in the 2-3rd year after planting. Fruiting occurs mainly on elongated annual growths (fruit and mixed shoots).
Important for the yield is the ratio of fruit and growth buds on the shoot, which depends on the length and strength of the shoot: the shorter the shoot, the higher the percentage of fruit buds and vice versa.
On short shoots (up to 10-15 cm), in bushy cherries, as a rule, all lateral buds are fruit. They develop an inflorescence of 3-5 flowers, forming the same number of fruits under normal conditions. A number of ovaries crumble. The fruiting part of the branch is exposed and remains inactive.
A new shoot (fruit or mixed) develops only from a single growth bud at the top of a one-year growth. Usually these apical shoots also grow short (fruiting), and the denudation of the branch increases from year to year. Fruits and leaves are concentrated at the ends of the branches, there are fewer leaves, and therefore the assimilation surface decreases, there is insufficient deposition of reserve nutrients, the branches become thin, flexible and sag, often reaching the ground.
On the branches of a bush cherry with a weak growth, the crop is small, since few shoots are formed, and although all the buds are fruit on them, they total amount small. Fruits on short growths are small.
Other fruiting on shoots of medium length (25-40 cm) - mixed shoots. On them in the upper part, in addition to the apical growth bud, several more growth buds are formed. In this case, a continuation shoot develops from the apical bud, and vegetative growths develop from the lower growth buds. On such shoots, lateral fruit buds are formed, not only single, but also group - double and triple. Usually one of them is growth, gives a vegetative growth, and the rest bring a crop (Fig. 3).
Mixed shoots are the best for fruiting and good development tree. A larger number of fruit buds are laid on them, from which fruits develop, and growth buds, forming new branches - the basis of the next year's harvest.
Branches with moderate strength gains are less exposed and do not hang as much.
Therefore, one of the main tasks of the care of bush cherries is to ensure that annual growth is quite good.
Very strong growths (over 45 cm) in fruit-bearing bush cherries are undesirable, since they form mainly growth buds, and therefore the yield is low. The reasons for the formation of strong increments are: incorrect (very strong) pruning, excess fertilizer applied, death of the crop from frost, etc.
tree cherry(Fig. 4) is a tree of various heights (from 2.5 to 6 m or more) depending on the area of growth. The shape of the crown of a tree-like cherry is different - from round to pyramidal. This group includes varieties: Kentskaya, Podbelskaya, Rastunya, Saika and many others. Tree-like cherries, as a rule, live much longer than bushy ones - up to 25-30 years (in the south up to 40 or more), they enter the fruiting season later by 4- 5th year.
The fruiting nature of tree-like cherries can be called combined, since the harvest is concentrated both on annual growths of the previous year and on bouquet branches located on perennial wood (mainly on 2-3-year-old). However, the bulk of the crop is formed on bouquet branches (Fig. 5).
The lateral fruit buds of the bouquet twig produce fruits, in the place of attachment of which scars remain after fruiting, the apical growth bud forms a shortened growth, on which a bouquet of fruit buds with a growth apical bud is laid again. After several years of fruiting, the bouquet twigs die off. Dying begins on the older parts of the wood, and new bouquet sprigs appear on the young wood.
In some cases, strong annual growths are formed from the apical growth bud. As a rule, this happens when pruning over a bouquet branch or when fruit buds die from frost, etc.
The formation of new bouquet branches in tree-like cherries depends on the length of the shoot. Usually on short runs most of buds are fruit, and bouquet branches are formed from single growth buds, the number of which is small, and therefore the yield on weak growths is reduced.
On shoots of medium length, the lateral buds are almost all growth. Of these, next year mainly bouquet branches develop, and since the number of growth buds (and, consequently, bouquet branches) on such a shoot is large, the cherry yield on these growths also increases.
On very strong annual growths, only growth buds are formed. The following year, some of them give bouquet branches, and strong lateral branches are formed from most of them. With the annual development of such shoots, the crown thickens, as a result of which the bouquet branches develop strongly and die early. In these cases, pruning is carried out to thin out the crown and to encourage the development of bouquet branches.
Therefore, the basis of a good harvest, in tree cherries, as well as in bush cherries, is to obtain annual growths of medium length.
In addition to groups of varieties of bushy and tree-like cherries, there is an intermediate one. The varieties belonging to it bear fruit both on the growth of the previous year and on bouquet branches.
Often, depending on the age of the tree and its care, the nature of fruiting changes, so you can find plants of the same variety that bear fruit in different ways.
The nature of cherry fruiting depends on the strength of growth, which in turn is associated with the main age periods of its life (growth, fruiting and dying).
During the growth period, the main skeleton of the tree and its crown are formed. The resulting strong annual growths (more than 40-50 cm) bear growth buds, from which lateral branches grow and develop. During this period, the tree almost does not bear fruit. Shoot growth usually ends late. Therefore, agricultural technology should be aimed at achieving strong annual growth in the first half of summer and ending their growth by the end of the growing season so as not to reduce the winter hardiness of the tree.
In the first years of fruiting, annual growths are quite strong, especially at the ends of branches, and then the length of annual growth in plants decreases. As mentioned above, on such increments a large number of fruit, growth and group buds, therefore, the cherry gives a good harvest and at the same time a sufficient number of vegetative growths and bouquet branches - the basis of the harvest of the next years. With increasing age, the growths weaken, and during the period of full fruiting, short growths predominate, bearing mainly fruit buds on the side. The formation of lateral branches almost stops, the branches begin to become exposed and sag, and the yield is sharply reduced. The main task during this period is to obtain sufficiently strong annual growths in order to prolong the period of stable and abundant fruiting.
During the period of full fruiting, with weakening growth, tops appear in the depths of the crown. They appear, as a rule, near the inflection of hanging branches. In connection with the gradual death of the dangling branches that have stopped growing, the bulk of the crop falls on the lateral branches of the tops. There is a kind of self-rejuvenation of the tree. Under favorable growing conditions, it can occur several times, but each time with increasing age, the tops appear closer to the base of the skeletal branches.
During the period of tree death, the drying of large skeletal branches begins, gum disease occurs, the wood rots, the formation of tops almost stops, appears root growth. The production value of grafted cherries is lost. In coppice cherries during this period, the crown usually recovers again due to the strongest growth growing from the base of the tree.
Thus, knowing the biological characteristics of the growth and fruiting of cherries, correctly applying various agricultural practices, it is possible to regulate growth and development, to ensure stable and high yields.
Successful growth and fruiting of cherries require a sum of active temperatures (above 10°C) equal to 2000°C (G. T. Selyaninov, 1959). However, in many areas of the non-chernozem belt, many varieties of cherries successfully grow and bear fruit at a lower sum of active temperatures. In the Leningrad region, the number of days per year with an average daily air temperature above 10°C is 100-130 or more, and the sum of active temperatures ranges from 1550 to 1750°C.
The vegetation of cherry plants (the beginning of bud break) occurs in spring at an average daily air temperature of 6-8 ° C (in the northwestern zone in late April - early May), flowering - in mid-May - early June. In the central and southern regions of the non-chernozem zone, these periods come somewhat earlier.
According to the timing of flowering varieties are divided into early-flowering, medium-flowering and late-flowering. The cherry blossom period lasts 7-10 days, depending on the meteorological conditions of the year.
According to the degree of self-fertility (the ability to be pollinated by its pollen), cherry varieties differ in self-fertile, partially self-fertile and self-fertile. In practice, the vast majority of cherry varieties require cross-pollination to obtain a good harvest.
The growth of the shoots begins after flowering, following the opening of the leaves. The duration of the growth period depends on the variety, climatic features, soil conditions, applied agricultural technology.
The ripening of cherry fruits in the non-chernozem zone usually begins in the first ten days of July and lasts until the middle or the end of August, depending on weather conditions.
According to the ripening time, cherry varieties are divided into early, middle and late.
The yield of cherry plants depends on the variety, soil and climatic conditions and the agricultural technology used.
The size and taste of fruits are determined, as a rule,
varietal characteristics.
kerescan - May 23rd, 2015
Cherry is a shrub or low tree, not higher than 7 meters, from the pink family, belonging to the plum genus. Its fruits have a rounded shape, a dark red hue. Cherry is original in its structure: tasty juicy pulp and a small stone are hidden in a bright glossy shell.
Cherry season: June-July. Probably everyone is familiar with its sweet and sour taste. But do you know beneficial features cherries, wonderful berries?
Cherry is very useful for the body. Can be distinguished whole line healing properties. First of all, due to the content of the anthocyanin pigment, it is easily absorbed by the body and is considered dietary product. Cherry contains many hematopoietic elements. It is very effective in the treatment of anemia, arterial atherosclerosis. Effectively increases hemoglobin, acts as a hemostatic agent. Cherry strengthens capillaries, helps with high pressure. It is effective in diseases of the cardiovascular system, among the people it has received the name "heart berry".
Cherry juice contains many vitamins. It is useful for colds, bronchitis. Increases appetite, fights arthritis, good antiseptic. The juice has a mild laxative and expectorant effect. In folk medicine, the tree bark of cherries, leaves and stalks are also used. They are used to prepare infusions and lotions, which are very effective in many diseases.
A photo. Cherry tree.
Cherry is also studied by standard medicine. It is an ingredient in many medicines. Gives syrups a sweetish taste and pleasant aroma. In the fruits of cherries, physicians revealed the content of ellagic acid. This acid is used in drugs aimed at the treatment of cancer. Eating cherries has a positive effect on inhibiting the growth of cancer cells.
In addition to medicine, cherry is used in cosmetology, its aroma is used in many perfume formulas. A common series is "Wild Cherry" or "Chinese".
But, despite a number of healing properties, in some cases, cherries can harm the body. Namely: it is contraindicated for problems of the gastrointestinal tract. An abundant amount of vitamin C increases acidity and is the "enemy" in ulcers and gastritis. Cherry is contraindicated in obesity and diabetes. The content of glucose will negatively affect the latter disease. Also, cherries are not recommended for chronic lung disease.
A photo. berry cherry
A photo. Ripe cherry
Cherry, delicious and beautiful berry. First of all, its extraordinary taste is very pleasant to eat raw. Even after defrosting, it retains a special taste and aroma. Cherry berries protrude beautiful decoration confectionery, desserts. Jams and preserves, juices, compotes, fruit drinks and even alcoholic drinks (wine and liqueurs) are prepared from them. In cooking, as well as in medicine, not only fruits are used: cherry sprigs give an unusual flavor to barbecue, leaves are added to marinade and preservation.
Each housewife has a number of secrets for harvesting cherry fruits. Most simple methods preparations are drying and freezing. In the future, such cherries are used mainly for compote or decorating desserts (freezing). On the site you will find simple ones.