Grapes are a horticultural crop that is on every suburban area or vegetable garden. But so that the shrub gives every year good harvest, it needs to be properly looked after. Particular attention should be paid to feeding the vineyard. Specialists have developed fertilizer application schemes that are adjusted depending on which lane the crop grows in and the vineyard variety. Consider why grapes need to be fed at all, and how to properly implement it.
Why fertilize grapes
Grape care does not consist only in sheltering a shrub for the winter and cutting off unnecessary shoots. Like any other horticultural crop, the vineyard needs certain substances, which it ideally receives from the soil. If this or that component is not enough, then the plant begins to bear fruit poorly and get sick. Therefore, fertilizers should be applied that compensate for the lack of one or another element. But, at the same time, it should be remembered that an overabundance of even the most useful element can lead to the appearance of shrub diseases. Therefore, all fertilizers should be applied in a certain sequence.
Many people wonder why wild nature All plants grow well and without top dressing. In wild nature most of crop falls to the ground, rotting there. It turns out that all the components that the shrub took from the soil during the fruiting period are returned back. With the cultivation of shrubs, the entire crop is harvested. It is also worth noting the fact that in the wild the vineyard grows only on those soils that suit it. When planting a shrub in the country, we do not think about whether the soil has everything necessary for this plant or not.
For feeding to be effective, they need to be done at a certain time. In addition, each period corresponds to a specific fertilizer.
How to fertilize a vineyard
Before answering the question, you should understand what grapes need for normal growth and development. This shrub needs nitrogen, copper, potassium, phosphorus, zinc and boron. Accordingly, top dressing of grapes is the introduction into the soil of those fertilizers, which contain the above microelements.
All fertilizers applied under grape bushes are divided into 2 groups:
- basic;
- additional or top dressing.
Basic fertilizers, as a rule, are applied no more than once every 24 months. An exception is made if the soil is excessively depleted. Additional fertilizers, or, as they are more commonly called, top dressing, are applied several times a season by small ones. Fertilizers are applied in liquid form.
In addition to manure, which is used as a top dressing for all horticultural crops, we add peat, potassium, compost under the grape bushes, potassium sulfate, bird droppings, phosphorus, saltpeter, nitrogen, etc.
Manure is the main fertilizer, which has everything you need for the health of the grape bush. By by and large manure improves the quality of the soil, making it more fertile. Any organic matter is an alternative to manure. We introduce overripe manure into the soil, which contains the mineral elements necessary for the vineyard (phosphorus, for example).
Any mineral fertilizer can act as top dressing. We give preference to fertilizers, which contain several mineral elements at once. Effective are ammophos, azofoska and nitroammofoska.
In addition to mineral fertilizers, which contain several components, potassium chloride, phosphorus, potassium sulfate, nitrogen, potassium magnesia, ammonium nitrate, boric acid, granular superphosphate, urea, and ash are used as dressings.
Feeding calendar
In order for the shrub to be healthy and give a good harvest every year, it needs to be fed five times during the summer season.
1st feeding
In early spring we do the first top dressing. As soon as the warm sun appeared, we introduce a 3-component fertilizer into the soil, which is easy to do on your own. To feed one grape bush in 10 liters of water, we dilute 20 g of superphosphate, 10 g of ammonium nitrate and 5 g of potassium salt. If you are preparing fertilizer for all the bushes at once, then use a measuring bucket when applying it to the soil. Do not add more substance to the soil than 10 liters.
The second option for the first top dressing involves the introduction of superphosphate (40 g), nitrogen (40 g) and potash (30 g) fertilizers into the soil. In this case, fertilizers are applied in dry form. The weight of fertilizers is indicated based on 1 bush.
In parallel, you can fertilize the shrub with liquid fertilizers. But make sure that they do not contain chlorine. It is important to properly fertilize the bush. First, we make a hole near the bush. Then, pour 10 liters of preheated (but not hot) water into this hole, fertilizers diluted in water, and water again. Dilute drugs based on the manufacturer's recommendations. We are waiting for the soil to dry out. Then carefully loosen it. Even during the first feeding, the bush is fertilized with ammonium sulfate.
This is the only top dressing that falls in the spring. All other top dressing of grapes is carried out in the summer.
2nd dressing
The second time we fertilize grape bushes 1.5-2 weeks before flowering. Depending on the climate zone it could be the end of May or the beginning of June. If we talk about the Moscow region, for example, then we carry out the second feeding of grapes in the first days of June. At this stage, you can use exactly the same 3-part liquid fertilizer as during the first top dressing.
You can prepare a liquid fertilizer from 40 g of nitrogen fertilizers, 40 g of potash fertilizers, 50 g of superphosphates and 10 liters of water. At the same time, we introduce chicken manure diluted in water or a slurry prepared from manure into the soil. For the preparation of liquid dressings, manure and water are taken in a ratio of 1: 2. After preparing the slurry, it is left for at least a week, and preferably 1.5, in a barrel. Fermented fertilizer is used, respectively, after diluting it with water (ratio 1:6). Superphosphate can be added to the resulting mixture and potash fertilizers(20 and 15 g per 10 liters of water, respectively). Before introducing slurry into the ground, we dig a groove or hole near the bush. We bring, on average, 1.5 buckets of slurry per 1 bush.
3rd feeding
This top dressing of grapes is carried out in July. Depending on the climatic conditions terms may vary. This top dressing of grapes is done after flowering, just before the ripening of berries, the size of which should correspond to the size of peas. At this stage, the shrub needs potash fertilizer. We also add superphosphate to the soil. But nitrogen is not applied during the third feeding. You can prepare complex fertilizers (as during the second feeding, for example).
If the third top dressing of the vineyard is carried out in a timely manner, then the yield will increase at least 1.5 times. will improve and appearance berries.
4th dressing
As soon as the berries begin to ripen, and this will happen in the second half of August, the bushes should be fertilized for the fourth time. How to feed the grapes during the period that falls at the end of July or the beginning of August? Be sure to apply fertilizers that contain potassium (50 g per bush is enough). Also, it will not be superfluous to apply fertilizers, which contain phosphorus. For 1 bush, 100 g of fertilizer is enough. Accordingly, we also apply 50 g of phosphate fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizers should be excluded at this stage.
5th feeding
The last time the shrub is fertilized after harvesting. The best top dressing at this stage - potash fertilizers. They will help the vineyard to endure the winter frosts.
Types of dressings
Regardless of whether top dressing is carried out during the ripening of the berries or only at the stage of the appearance of the ovary, it can be carried out in different ways.
Root top dressing
Root feeding of grapes suggests that fertilizers will be applied directly to the soil. It is aimed at strengthening the roots of the plant. As a matter of fact, the above-described top dressing schedule is a root top dressing scheme. Many are limited to the introduction of nutrients into the soil, considering this a sufficient measure for the normal development of the shrub. However, this is an erroneous opinion. Root top dressing alone is not enough.
Foliar or foliar top dressing
Leaves are cared for by foliar feeding. At the same time, foliar feeding of grapes is no less important than root feeding. And you need to understand that it is not an alternative to root dressing. As a rule, it is performed simultaneously with spraying shrubs from diseases. As in the case of root dressing, experts recommend doing it 4 times. But, at the same time, the timing of fertilizer application is somewhat different.
The first foliar top dressing of grapes is carried out before flowering shrubs. The second time we spray the plant after the ovary has appeared. The third spraying falls at the beginning of the ripening of the brushes, and the fourth is done after the berries soften. Can handle shrubs boric acid. But, regarding the appropriateness of such an action, the opinions of gardeners differ. It is more expedient to prepare complex solutions with boric acid.
On sale there are preparations with which you can spray vineyards on a green leaf before the appearance of the ovary and during fruiting. They are usually sold as a dry concentrate. Before use, they must be diluted with water according to the instructions. Top dressing on a green leaf, some gardeners perform before the appearance of the ovary, considering spraying the formed clusters inappropriate. But such top dressing will not harm both before flowering and during it. This is due to the fact that the leaves are processed with drugs that are harmless to the human body.
Minor top dressing
In addition to the main five top dressings of grapes, you can additionally apply fertilizers. So top dressing of grapes during flowering is performed folk remedies(the same ash, for example). If the vine does not ripen, then use monophosphate, which will solve this problem. And to speed up the process of ripening berries, drugs are used that contain phosphorus. You can also fertilize the shrub with preparations that contain boric acid.
Also, top dressing during the planting of the cuttings can be attributed to minor ones. In addition to organic matter, superphosphate and wood ash, potassium salt are placed in the prepared hole. This will allow the cutting to quickly sprout. The stalk planted in this way will grow rapidly, and will yield a crop in the second year. At proper fit For the first few years, you don't have to worry about fertilizer at all. It is enough to make preparations that allow the berries to gain sugar and ripen faster (this should be done in the first months of summer), contributing to the growth of a young shoot. You can limit yourself to processing the vineyard on a green leaf. But we use drugs that are intended for this method processing.
Feeding rules
Fertilizing grapes with fertilizers will give the desired result only if it is done correctly.
- All necessary substances must be introduced into the soil in a timely manner.
- It is advisable to water and fertilize the grapes with liquid fertilizers at the same time. In this case, the soil should not be overfilled.
- Foliar feeding of shrubs is carried out in calm weather. It is better to spray the vineyard after sunset. In this case, the equipment for spraying should be carefully selected. The smaller the size of the droplets that fall on the leaves, the better the result of the procedure.
- To achieve the maximum effect of the procedure, root and foliar top dressing should be carried out at the same time.
- Before introducing liquid solutions into the soil, you first need to make a recess. There are components, nitrogen, for example, which volatilize in air. Therefore, they must penetrate the ground as quickly as possible. There is also a group of elements that are considered inactive. Therefore, they can remain in the surface layers of the soil and not reach the root system of the shrub.
- Top dressing of grapes in July and August nitrogen fertilizers cannot be done. The same applies to chicken manure and mullein, used in the form of liquid solutions. Otherwise, growth vine delayed, and the harvest will ripen quite late. But it is advisable to fertilize grapes in June with nitrogen fertilizers. In the spring, fertilize the soil with ammonium nitrate.
- Choose a quality fertilizer, both for root dressing of grapes, and for foliar. And remember that summer processing is different from winter processing. In the first case, it is necessary to saturate the soil with elements that promote the growth of shoots and the ripening of berries. When processing for the winter, you need to strengthen the roots.
- Hang the grape feeding scheme in the most visible place, and note all the actions performed. This will help you not to miss a single spray. The calendar for processing shrubs and trees is practically the same. Therefore, you can draw up a single schedule for the entire garden, with a field for notes.
Important Points
It is worth introducing various trace elements into the soil not only in summer, but throughout the year. It is very important to choose the right seedlings. For example, varieties such as Isabella and parthenocissus grow well on any soil. There are varieties that are demanding on the soil, and with a lack of certain trace elements, they grow extremely poorly.
The packaging of each fertilizer indicates in which month, or at what stage of development of the shrub it is advisable to use it. Do not deviate from these recommendations, and do not forget to enrich the soil with microelements after harvesting.
Watering is done after applying dry fertilizers under the roots. If we are talking about processing liquid preparations on a green leaf, then the shrub should be watered after it absorbs all the useful components from the solution used.
Conclusion
Caring for any horticultural crop involves fertilizing. You need to fertilize the soil several times a season. special attention require young seedlings. In addition to root dressings, leaf dressings should be applied. Be sure to fertilize the soil with mullein. In addition to using the fertilizers described above, you can use folk remedies. So, for example, grapes can be fed with ash or yeast. You can sprinkle the bushes with dry ash, or you can dilute it in water.
It is worth noting that many folk remedies, and ash is no exception, help protect the vineyard from various diseases. But, no folk remedy will be as effective as mineral and organic fertilizers.
Grapes in July require even more care than at other times of the year. In this month, there is an intensive growth of berries on the vine and the maximum consumption of moisture and nutrients by it. Therefore, it is important to support optimal humidity, feed the plants and make sure that they do not get sick. Let's discuss what kind of grape care work should be done in July.
Irrigation Features
With a lack of moisture, the grapes grow poorly, give small berries and poor yields. The culture normally perceives air drought, but hardly survives ground water shortage. So that the plants do not suffer from the July heat, they are watered with warm well or rain water. It is impossible to fill the plantation with cold water from the tap. Pre-liquid must be defended for 1 - 2 days. Young bushes are useful to water hot water(such that the human hand can withstand).
In July, grapes are watered in different ways:
- superficial;
- Subsoil;
- Aerosol;
- sprinkling;
- By the principle of drip irrigation.
The most common method of watering a vineyard among summer residents is surface, in which water enters the bushes through grooves along the rows or around. Watering is combined with top dressing, using a complete mineral complex or organic matter containing phosphorus and potassium. Feeding is applied before the berries ripen.
The ground under the bushes is kept clean and weeds are pulled out in a timely manner. In hot weather, it is advisable not to be lazy and loosen the soil, since the effectiveness of two weeds is equal to one rain.
If the thermometer shows a heat of more than 30 ° C, it is necessary to arrange sprinkling to increase the humidity of the air. The procedure will facilitate the breathing process for plants and help to endure drought. Watering a particular variety is stopped when less than 3 weeks remain before the crop ripens.
How to properly water grape bushes in July, says a specialist in the video.
What fertilizes grapes in July
Experienced summer residents have been feeding grapes from the very beginning of July, combining it with watering. Nutrient mass is prepared from several components:
- Plain water - 10 l;
- Potassium sulfate - 2 g;
- Complex fertilizer - 5 g;
- A solution of fermented grass - 2 liters.
This amount is enough to feed 3 square meters. m plantation. Young growth and old shrubs growing on poor soil are especially in need of nutrients. Fertilize the grapes with a warm composition, heated by the sun's rays.
Mulching with needles also favorably affects the condition of the bushes. The event increases the sugar content of fruits and prevents the development of a fungal infection. It is carried out at any time, however, the best effect from the use of this method is observed in July-August.
In the softening phase of berries formed on early varieties, nitrogen is excluded from dressings. The accumulation of sugar is stimulated by phosphate-potassium preparations:
- 300 g of superphosphate insist in 3 liters of warm water;
- The mixture is filtered and infused until clarified;
- The liquid is drained from the thick and mixed with an infusion of ash (the amount of the auxiliary component is identical);
- The mass is diluted with 10 liters of water and again defended until clarified.
Use the drug only on the day of preparation and always in a settled form.
Foliar top dressing of grapes is done with the help of Plantafol, Novofert, Aquarin. How and with what the grapes are fed during July, you can watch the video.
Are grapes pruned in July?
Consider whether it is possible to prune grapes in summer, and which parts of the plant are to be removed in July. Green operations in the second summer month are to remove stepchildren and tie up active shoots to the trellis. Stepsons are lateral processes that emerge from the leaf axil. Leaving them is not recommended, since the extra parts give the plant density and cover the fruits from sunlight. In this case, the crop will turn out sour, and the health of the shrubs will deteriorate.
During the ripening period, early grape varieties cut off leaves that are located close to the clusters. This will improve the access of the sun to the berries and have a beneficial effect on their color.
Proper care of grapes in July involves some cunning in pinching. The shoots of the 2nd and subsequent levels are not completely removed, since the grapes tend to quickly release stepchildren. Delay this process by cutting off only the top of the stepson. This is approximately 1.5 - 2 cm from the leaf. Cut grapes are inspected weekly and stepchildren are harvested as needed.
Disease protection
It is forbidden to treat grapes with pesticides from the moment a prune plaque (a gray waxy coating) appears on the fruits. Before that, you can spray the plantation in order to protect plantings from diseases. After waiting 20 days after the previous treatment, in dry, hot weather, the grapes are sprayed with Flint. In the rainy season, preventive spraying is done earlier - after 15 days and with the help of Topaz, Horus, Skor, Thiovit Jet, Quadris. Spraying the grapes, the summer resident protects him from mildew and oidium.
In bad years additional processing mildew-resistant, mid- and late-ripening varieties are carried out immediately after rain with Ridomil Gold. If the first half of summer is consistently dry and warm, you can do without processing. Spraying grapes with hot compounds, you can reduce the number of fungicidal treatments by 2-3 times.
When a vineyard is affected by a tick, the plants are treated with sulfur-containing preparations. Colloidal sulfur and Thiovit Jet are most effective against pests at air temperatures above 30°C.
If signs of rot are found on ripening brushes, spoiled berries are immediately removed. The remaining bunches should be sprayed with Metronidazole. These are pharmaceutical tablets, 10 - 15 pieces of which are dissolved in 10 liters of water. Any spraying of grapes in July is stopped 3 weeks before the fruit ripens.
Other work in the vineyard in July
As the berries grow, the load of the bushes is monitored by the harvest. Regulate the grapes in July of the work of such a plan as reducing the number of clusters by 15 - 20%. This applies to overloaded plants that have stopped growing and straightened the tops of the shoots. Insofar as nutrients are spent primarily on the ripening of the crop, it is important to provide the clusters with an influx of useful elements. Then the bushes will take substances for the maturation of the vine.
The last grafting of grapes is carried out in July using the “butt budding” technology. For budding, large, full-fledged eyes with partially stiffened scales are taken. Soft grassy buds reduce the survival rate of budding. From June to July, budding is done with green shields, leaving the grafted eyes “sleeping” until spring.
As the hot weather ends, the vaccinations are carefully removed polyethylene film and remove the shoots formed on the rootstock. Until the end of the month, the soil is loosened and weeds are removed. Closer to August, the first crop is harvested from the varieties Super Extra, Russian early, Korinka Russian.
How to care for grapes in July correctly shows the third thematic video. Watch, learn and harvest only generous harvests!
Grapes are very resistant to heat, cold, a small amount of nutrients bush. girlish grapes just plant it, and it will grow and develop until it ripens. Grapes can easily survive the drought, after which in a short time it restores strength, grows and bears further fruits.
Even in a semi-abandoned place, berries can be expected from grapes, but this does not mean that feeding the grapes is optional. If you decide to grow grapes professionally, you must know the best, how, when and in what quantities you can fertilize the roots, bushes and leaves, starting from the moment you purchased and planted young seedlings, and ending with the fertile period of adult grapes. Now we will talk about how grapes should be fed.
Foliar top dressing of grapes is used, foliar top dressing and fertilizer of roots and soil is no less important. Since it is not in vain that the biggest fears of experienced growers are plant diseases, fertilizing the grapes with fertilizers is required. Even with all the resistance and endurance, depending on the variety, grapes can be susceptible to a variety of diseases.
Often they are associated with the fact that the gardener chose cuttings of a poor variety, the reason may be a lack of nutrients or their oversaturation in the soil, which affects the quality of the berries: chlorosis occurs on the leaf, the roots undergo changes.
About the soil
Watering and top dressing of grapes and its roots is always required. The first and important factor is that the soil for grapes should be initially nutritious, rich in microelements, because grapes deplete the earth, and its fertility depends largely on the well-groomedness and presence of microelements in the soil on which it grows. And if the land is exhausted, you can not expect grapes big harvest: it will begin to grow poorly, become prone to disease due to lack of nutrients. For example, in middle lane In Russia, in the Moscow region, it is almost impossible to grow grapes due to depleted and non-nutritious soil. Accordingly, if a gardener wants to grow grapes, he needs to take care of the plant both during planting seedlings, before and before flowering, and during ripening, growth, before and after harvesting.
You need to know how best to fertilize the soil with minerals, trace elements and other nutrients so that the grapes planted in it grow and you can expect it to bear fruit quickly. There is different ways(foliar and root), how to properly fertilize grapes and what means, depending on the variety, the vegetation phase, is better to use in each season. This is important to know if you decide to become a winegrower or already are.
About nutrients
What nutrients does a grape bush need for better and faster growth:
- Potassium. At the end of summer and before autumn, fertilizing with potassium chloride is very useful for grapes. He helps meet cold winter and ripen vines and fruits in this cold season.
- Thanks to copper, the roots in the plant become more frost-resistant, and drought resistance also improves, which is important for a plant in summer, so it can be fertilized both in spring in preparation for the heat and in autumn before winter.
- Harvest can be expected to be larger and better in quality after fertilization with zinc;
- At the very beginning of flowering, the inflorescence, ovaries of berries and the ripening of clusters will help to ripen the inflorescence, feeding the seedlings using phosphate fertilizers. It is important that they are fed either before flowering or at the very beginning.
- Nitrogen will help the ripening of young grapes. It can be applied after the grapes have survived the winter, at the very beginning of spring. Nitrogen promotes the growth of green mass, that is, leaves and shoots. With the onset of summer, the need for nitrogen decreases in grapes. Fertilizing grapes in July or August with nitrogen becomes harmful to the bushes. AND best circuit at this time - top dressing of seedlings with urea and ammonium nitrate or the use of azofosk.
- Top dressing with boric acid increases the sweetness of grape berries and accelerates their growth and ripening (for example, the Isabella variety is already sweet, fertilizing with boric acid is optional). Also, due to boron fertilization, pollen germinates better. Used as foliar fertilizer.
What to fertilize
There are different ways to fertilize grape bushes. Consider how to properly fertilize with mineral and organic substances, yeast, how to properly use wood ash, bird droppings, manure.
Seedlings and already mature bushes are fed with mineral microelements (sulfate, ammonium nitrate, boric acid, potassium chloride, etc.), fertilizers containing several elements can also be used to improve growth. These include ammophos, nitrophoska. It is also allowed to use multicomponent products (florovit, novofert, aquarin).
minerals or organics
You can’t think that grape bushes need to be fertilized only with mineral microelements. Fertilizing grapes with manure is very important. The root system needs nutrients, air, and organic fertilizers will contribute to the entry of various substances into the ground. They are also needed so that the roots are better saturated with minerals. Besides root system, thanks to rotted manure, receives the necessary substances: phosphorus, nitrogen, etc.
Manure can be replaced with compost and sprayed and rooted. Any gardener can prepare it. Dried grass, sawdust, chicken droppings are used for this (other bird droppings are also suitable, but chicken droppings are often in demand), manure. Tree ash, branches and other organic waste are also used. One of the important organic fertilizers is bird droppings. It contains very valuable, well-digestible elements.
Preparing bird droppings for use is very easy. This will require 4 liters of water and 1 liter of litter, after which it is diluted 10 times more to make a liquid suspension, and only after that it is applied to the ground. For one bush, 0.5 liters is enough.
Potassium chloride is often replaced due to a large increase in the concentration of chlorine in the soil, therefore ash is often used. It can provide the bush with the elements of phosphates and potassium. Of sunflower husks, ash is the most useful. But in no case should ash fertilizer be used in conjunction with lime.
Designation of terms and methods of fertilization
To root the grapes, you need to dig small holes, about 40 cm around each bush. Thanks to this move, the roots will better absorb and assimilate the substances introduced into the soil, especially when deciding to combine root and foliar treatments (spraying, watering).
Fertilizer calendar:
- Spring is the beginning of the growth and flowering of any plant. Winter grapes can survive very difficult. And after the cold weather (especially in the first year of a young bush after planting), it is imperative to bring the grapes back to normal. Ammonium nitrate in the amount of 20 g, potassium salt, which is worth taking 10 g, and superphosphate (40 g) are diluted in 20 liters of water, which must be used for root processing. The solution is enough for 2 bushes. And the grapes need to be fed with the same emulsion a couple of weeks before flowering.
- Top dressing of grapes during flowering, before ripening, is carried out with monophosphate or superphosphate, potassium (without nitrogen). These fertilizers are injected into the ground;
- If the crop has already been harvested, you need to prepare for the winter, and all top dressing of the grapes should be set to increase frost resistance. For this, it is good to use potassium.
- Manure fertilizers (fertilization of grapes by spraying, root fertilizers) are also used during spring flowering.
- Grape care in July-June is to ensure that the bush does not deplete the earth and that there is a watering schedule in the dry months;
- Approximately once in three years it is necessary to fertilize the vineyard with ash with the addition of manure, superphosphate and ammonium sulfate in the month of September.
It is important to distribute the soil around each bush, after which a deep digging is performed
With poor or sandy soil, you need to apply this fertilizer every second year, or even every first year. Do not forget about foliar fertilizer methods.
Caring for ornamental varieties
If you think about how to feed the grapes for the best effect, growers use not only the generally accepted methods of processing their green garden. Starting from the moment when the cuttings appear, and until the berries are fully ripe, gardeners often use folk remedies. Mullein fertilizer is also practiced, top dressing and watering of grapes are combined.
If you decide to breed an ornamental (vichi variety, girlish) or semi-decorative (wild) variety, then although fertilizing and fertilizing grapes are not so important for them, this does not mean that you can do nothing with it until ripening. Constant care is needed, which includes feeding the grape plant, cutting unnecessary vines. And these procedures must be done in the first year.
Decorative varieties need to be fed due to the fact that there are no clusters of berries, and the leafy part of this variety is the main one. It is necessary to take care of it so that chlorosis does not go down the sheet different origin and other diseases that can spoil the beauty of the vine and leaf. Summer processing should be aimed at improving the soil and leaves so that chlorosis is not terrible, and the second half of autumn - at an excess of lime, which can lead to stains on the leaf and vine. That is why top dressing for grapes of any variety is important, only different preparations are used with different ones.
When growing fruit crops, gardeners get delicious fruits. In the first stage of plant life, an immune system is formed, which in the future will protect against diseases and reactions to climatic changes. In the review, we will tell you in detail when and what top dressing young grapes need.
A young vineyard needs fertilizing from the second year after planting
reference Information
A person has been growing a fruit vine for his own needs for a long time, so he knows all the whims and requirements tender plant. In addition to watering and disease control, the crop needs regular fertilization. In nature, everything that grapes take from the soil is returned in the fall in the form of the remains of leaves, stems, and fruits. For the cultivation of vines in agriculture additional feed is needed.
Inexperienced growers often forget to put a complex "cushion" in the planting hole, from which the vine will draw nutrients.
Even on the most fertile soils, all trace elements are drawn out after five or six years. Without additional applications, the plants will not live to bear fruit.
Before planting, the hole must be well refueled.
Grape bushes are recommended to be planted on nutritious soils with the addition of concentrated fertilizer to the hole. The more trace elements, the better the plant develops. The roots of the fruit vine are very strong and long, they penetrate deep into the ground in search of moisture and top dressing.
Substances in the planting pit nourish the crop for three years, and then you need to regularly apply mineral and organic preparations.
Active growth of the bush is possible only with sufficient nutrition.
What threatens if you do not fertilize the grapes? The yield of the plant is deteriorating. Even if the vine is actively blooming, the vine does not have the strength to form fruits. Peasing occurs, and then the ripening of berries stops. The culture has no immunity, so diseases and pests appear at the first opportunity.
The lack of minerals negatively affects the resistance to weather changes: the fruit vine will not be able to survive drought or frost.
What top dressing is important for grapes?
At different stages of development, the plant needs various trace elements. Therefore, you can not use only complex fertilizers, as the result will be disastrous.
- Nitrogen. Needed for the formation and development of green mass in the plant. The disadvantage manifests itself in the form of a pale color of the foliage, the fall of the antennae and ovaries. Applications are carried out in the spring, when the culture is actively growing shoots and leaves. In summer, the substance will slow down the ripening of fruits, and in early autumn it will not allow you to prepare for wintering.
Lack of nutrition - nitrogen and phosphorus
- Phosphorus. A useful microelement that will allow the plant to bloom and form ovaries. With a deficiency, the growth of green mass and fruits slows down, and the foliage turns dark green or purple-red.
- Potassium. Thanks to the mineral, the fruits ripen quickly, and the fruit vine actively grows wood for wintering. A characteristic sign of a lack of substance is a brown mark along the edge of the leaf, and when loaded with fruits, the green mass turns completely brown.
- Magnesium. The necessary microelement on which the health of the plant and productivity depends. With a lack of substance, yellow-brown spots appear on the foliage. Weakened shoots develop slowly, and when the fruit ripens, the stalk dries out.
- Bor. Improves the taste and quality of berries, accelerates the ripening of grapes. The lack of a microelement negatively affects the quality of pollen, the growth point of the shoots dies off. The foliage becomes convex and acquires mosaic shades.
- Copper. Without substance, grapes do not tolerate frost and drought. The introduction of the mineral improves the growth of shoots.
Vine bush died due to frost
- Zinc. Needed to improve crop yields. With a deficiency, the shoots are deformed. Foliage is covered with dirty green spots.
- Molybdenum. The substance is needed for better absorption of nitrogen in spring and summer. Deficiency leads to a violation of cellular metabolism, the formation of chlorophyll is reduced.
An excess of substances is as dangerous as a deficiency.
Inexperienced gardeners often overfeed grapes with nitrogen fertilizers. Culture gives all its strength to the formation of lashes and new leaves. The introduction of the mineral in the fall is dangerous, as the bushes intensively grow the green mass to the detriment of the wood. As a result, the fruit vine unprepared enters the winter and dies.
Types of fertilizers
Beginning growers often do not know what preparations are best for feeding a young fruit vine. Therefore, the means are chosen universal or at random. There are two types of fertilizers, which we will briefly discuss.
The application of mineral fertilizers should be dosed
- Mineral. For the convenience of gardeners, modern chemical industry offers complex dressings (Florovit, Master-Agro, Kemira), one-component (ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, potassium chloride) and containing 2-3 elements (ammophos, nitrophoska).
- Organic. Humus and compost contain all the useful trace elements that are needed for the development of grapes. Without natural top dressing, the microflora and aeration of the soil are disturbed. Nutrients are in an easily digestible form, so the excess will not poison the soil. Ash is an excellent source of potassium and phosphorus, which does not contain harmful impurities.
“For the preparation of compost, any available organic residues (food and plant residues) are used. This type of organic fertilizer improves soil structure and provides the vineyard with all the necessary mineral and organic matter. For the best result, the compost is mixed in various proportions (depending on the structure of the soil) with peat, straw, and manure.”
Compost for grapes is applied in autumn
Inexperienced growers always go to extremes - they overfeed the bushes with chemistry or fill them with organic matter.
For each type of fertilizer, there is a time at which plants absorb better. In spring and before wintering, it is recommended to apply natural substances, and during the summer and early autumn - mineral preparations.
Another mistake is to use fresh manure or chicken manure. If you make a non-fermented drug, then during decay heat will begin to be released, and this is dangerous for the roots of grapes.
Fresh manure cannot be used, only rotted
Remember: animal waste is collected in a barrel and filled with water. After 10 days, top dressing will acquire useful properties.
Terms of application
For grapes to develop properly and give excellent harvest, for adding dressings, there are recommended application times. Mandatory Procedures fertilizers are carried out several times during the growing season.
Remember: you can not fertilize and water the grapes when the plant is in bloom. This is a very important period, and if the culture is disturbed, then the flowers will begin to shed, followed by the pea of the fruit.
Leaf feeding is carried out:
- 5 days before flowering;
- after the formation of fruits;
- before maturation.
If the vineyard is laid out on sandy or loamy soils, then young plants will not have enough fertilizer from the planting pit. Then experienced gardeners recommend making applications.
- First year. In the spring after the first wintering and in the fall, they are watered with a liquid solution of complex preparations. Powdered products are poorly absorbed by weak roots.
- Second year. During this period, in the spring it is allowed to fertilize with liquid humus with the addition of superphosphate. In autumn, a non-concentrated organic solution with potassium and phosphorus is added.
How to fertilize
In order for the grapes to fully assimilate the nutrient mixture, you need to properly fertilize. This is especially true for young plants that open in the spring after wintering. Chemical elements can burn the roots, which will cause inhibition of development or death of plantings.
Application of mineral fertilizers in the second year in the pits
Mineral or organic fertilizers are always applied to the area where the roots of the plant are located.
It is recommended to dig a trench around the vine, the depth of which does not exceed 50 cm. A nutrient mixture is added to this hole, and then everything is covered with soil. If you perform such a procedure for the winter, then the culture is enough to feed until spring.
Nutrients in the planting pit will be enough for young grapes for three years. Then the application of mineral fertilizers is carried out according to the seasonal schedule. Experienced gardeners it is advised to remove the soil at the base of the bushes for two bayonets of a shovel and pour it with liquid humus or compost. Top covered with earth. This fertilizer is enough for young plants for another two years.
Liquid top dressing can be used under the root and along the leaves.
"Fertilizer consumption rates for top dressing depend on soil fertility, weather conditions and the strength of the growth of bushes."
Never fertilize dry soil. Before starting work, weeds are removed at the base of the bushes, carefully loosened. Grapes must be watered warm water before the procedure, and then fertilized with a solution of drugs.
Remember: the products are diluted according to the instructions so that the chemicals do not burn the roots.
Leaf burns due to watering in sunny weather
Experienced growers apply fruit vine fertilizer leaf by leaf. Foliar top dressing is perfectly absorbed by the green mass and is easier to digest. In young plants, the fruits ripen faster, the amount of sugar in the berries increases. The concentration of the drug is weaker than with conventional procedures. The application is made by spraying through a garden sprayer.
Be sure to water before fertilizing
Foliar feeding is carried out in the evening or in cloudy weather. Remember: droplets chemical substances in the sun they will turn into a lens and burn the foliage. The preparations are washed off after rain, so it is recommended to coordinate garden work in advance with the forecast.
If top dressing is applied superficially in spring and summer, then most of the microelements disappear. Fertilizer shortages will quickly negative impact for the development of young grapes. If the preparations are applied unconcentrated and with insufficient watering, then the roots will not develop down. The shoots grown on the surface will quickly freeze during the first frosts.
Irrigation pipes with top dressing - very convenient
In the spring, during the planting of the fruit vine, a thin plastic pipe, through which subsequently it is easy to pour in fertilizers. The simple design quickly delivers nutrients directly to the roots. With this method of applying top dressing, less microelements are lost and volatilize.
Fertilizers for young grapes are a nutrient medium that will allow you to properly form a trunk and lashes, as well as strengthen the immune system of the bush. Our recommendations will help you choose the right preparations for all stages of the development of fruit vines and prevent the lack of substances.
Grapes are a difficult culture for a novice winegrower. The main maintenance work is carried out not only in spring and autumn. Grapes require constant attention in the summer, they constantly need an eye and an eye, because he strives to release new shoots. It is worth gaping, and instead of a bush with clusters, a jungle of shoots quickly forms.
Therefore, in July there will be enough fuss with the bushes. First of all, you need to keep an eye on the stepsons all the time, which at this time are very actively growing from the axils of the leaves. Ruthlessly pluck them, leaving one or two leaves. It is also necessary to remove all newly formed shoots at this time.
In July, the bushes have already faded, fruits are tied on them and growing. We'll have to keep an eye on the brushes with berries. Here the task of the grower is to get a good harvest of healthy, large and sweet berries. Without care, the berries can turn out small and sour. To do this, do the following.
Remove immediately, as soon as they form, brushes with a mustache (there are such), because there will be little sense from them.
Leave one of the strongest brushes on each shoot, remove weak brushes.
Keep in mind that each variety is able to endure a certain berry load on the bush (that's why you need to study the characteristics of your varieties!). We'll have to leave as many brushes on the bush as it can feed. If the brushes are too large, even parts of them have to be pinched off so that the bush is not overloaded with crops.
You will have to remove some of the leaves that shade the clusters - this is closer to the time the berries ripen. It is desirable that the bunches be lit by the sun: then the berries will be sweeter and ripen earlier.
Be sure to pinch the tops of the fruit-bearing shoots on the 8th leaf from the bunch on female varieties, and on the 4-5th leaf on bisexual ones. This stimulates the pouring of berries and removes the thickening of the bush. (In a bisexual grape, the stamens are straightened up, in a female they are small and bent down - you need to remember this in order to know what type of bush you have.) In general, grapes are pinched when the tops of the shoot are bent, i.e. escape grows. Some growers believe that it is necessary to pinch non-growing shoots.
When the berries reach the size of a pea, it becomes clear how successful the pollination was. At this time, you need to hurry to remove poorly pollinated brushes so that the plant does not waste energy on growing defective brushes. On some varieties, on the contrary, pollination was successful, and the berries in the brush are too dense, preventing each other from growing fully. You will have to take scissors and cut off excess berries to thin out the brush so that the remaining berries are well ventilated and do not get sick with rot. The work is unpleasant, but the berries will grow larger.
During the pouring of berries, the rapid growth of greenery continues. Here all the time you need to remove everything superfluous. To find these extra shoots, growing shoots are distributed along the trellis at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other. Everything that does not fit is ruthlessly removed. Weak shoots are also removed.
Shoots are especially nimble, growing at high speed, you will have to slow down by pinching their tops. The remaining useful shoots you need to tie them up as they grow, because they are very brittle.
In general, shoots left for replacement may not be pinched: such shoots, as experience shows, ripen better, although they grow several meters in height. Of course, not the entire shoot ripens, but only its lower part, which we will leave for the winter. Many gardeners who grow grapes in greenhouses still pinch these shoots, leaving 1.5-2.5 m in length. It is believed that in this case the bush will have more strength for the harvest. And such shoots will take up less space in the greenhouse.
Watering and fertilizing bushes in July are required. Bushes during the pouring of berries require a lot of nutrition, and they need to be helped with top dressing. After flowering, they are fed with nitrophoska - 2 tbsp. spoons in a bucket of water. When the berries reach the size of peas, they feed them with what they can. Basically, these are phosphorus-potassium supplements. Often use the usual azofoska - 2 tbsp. spoons in a bucket of water. Feed after watering. Many praise top dressing with ashes, from which the berries become sweeter: 1 liter of ash is poured with water, insisted for 2 days, 1 liter of infusion is used for top dressing in a bucket of water. Or 2 liters of ash is insisted in 8 liters of water for a day, stirring, allowed to settle, filtered and used as follows: for root dressings - 1 liter per 10 liters of water, for foliar dressings - 0.5 liters per 10 liters of water. Such top dressing with ash accelerates the ripening of grapes. They are usually applied when the berries begin to ripen.
Often there is enough nutrition in the soil, but in the depths its temperature is low, and it is difficult for the plant to extract food from there. So in the cold summer foliar top dressing very helpful. Here they give top dressing, as complete mineral fertilizer and microelements.