A florist who wants to see his plot elegant and unusual should definitely think about growing girlish grapes.
It is easy to plant and care for, it grows well on different types soil, and you can propagate a vine different ways... Vici can become original decoration territory at any time, but its leaves are especially beautiful in autumn.
Description and popular varieties
There are many varieties of lianas, and they all grow very strongly and curl well. With the help of wild grapes, you can turn any surface into a dense blanket:
- lattice edge of the gazebo;
- the wall of the house;
- balcony;
- fencing around the site.
Parthenocissus is the botanical name for maiden grapes. Translated, it means "virgin ivy". There are 19 species in the genus, but they are grown in private territories two possessing decorative properties and unpretentious:
- parthenocissusguinguefolia - tri-pointed maiden grape;
- parthenocissustricuspidata - five-leafed.
In both species, the leaves are similar to the palm, only in the first case they consist of five parts, in the second - of two. This structure is called finger-like. Those who have seen maiden grapes at least once will understand what this is about, and for those who are not familiar with this culture, a photo is offered. The leaves of the plant are pointed, obovate or oval in shape.
Virgin ivy grows well when it has support. Liana throws out antennae that twist around wire, rods or other shoots, and continues to grow. During the summer, the length of the shoots can reach 18 m. In June or July, flowering begins, then small, inedible fruits are formed. Neither flowers nor grapes have any particular beauty.
All the charm of the tree-like liana becomes noticeable towards the end of summer, when the leaves take on red, orange, yellow, crimson and crimson shades. It is impossible not to notice such a spectacular decoration in the garden. It is characteristic of a plant that it clings tightly with its antennae to any suitable object. There are suction cups on thin filamentous formations, so it’s more likely to pull the vine out of the ground than to tear it off the support to which it was able to attach itself.
The five-leafed shrub is more cold-resistant than the tri-pointed shrub, but in general they both thrive in winter. In the south, shelter is not required, and in the north, it is necessary to protect from the cold.
Popular maiden grape varieties:
- Attached. Great for indoor growing.
- Henry. Grown as a bonsai, in a room or on a balcony. Deep tubs or containers required.
- Enelman. It grows quickly, covered with small, densely planted leaves. Suitable for open ground.
- Hairy. Young shoots and leaves are covered with fine hairs. The variety is poorly cold-resistant.
- Vici is one of the most popular varieties, valued for its thick ornamental leaves, which acquire a bright color in the fall. Clusters of dark blue berries ripen in autumn.
Less whimsical with regard to planting and care of Vici grapes. If possible, it is worth starting growing vines with it.
Landing rules
Virgin ivy is not very picky about soil fertility, but it grows poorly on saline, acidified soils and in arid conditions. Feels good both in the shade and in the sun, but looks more expressive in full lighting. The disadvantage of planting in a shaded place is that in autumn the leaves do not turn red for a long time, and sometimes they remain green. In addition, in poor light conditions, grapes may not bloom.
Liana can be planted in autumn or spring. Gardeners say that it is enough to place the stalk in the ground and water it well, nature will do the rest. After a while, you will have to remove excess shoots, ivy grows so quickly.
The land is prepared about a week before disembarkation. Dig a hole 50 cm deep and with walls of the same size. A bucket of sand and the same amount of rotted manure or compost are added to the extracted soil. They mix everything, then prepare the pit:
- pour on the bottom drainage material, for example, brick breakage, expanded clay, crushed stone, pebbles;
- small pieces of wood or fragments of slate are placed on this material so that less earth falls into the drainage;
- soil mixture is poured up to half of the hole or a little more;
- put a seedling, straighten the roots, fill the hole with the remaining soil;
- make a small depression so that water does not spread;
- watered and mulched.
It is necessary to ensure that the root collar is not higher or lower than the ground level. Water it once is enough, but abundantly. When planting several seedlings as a hedge, a distance of 1 m is left between them. With this arrangement, the vines form an openwork wall. If you want to get a dense carpet, the culture is thickened by placing the seedlings at a distance of 60 cm, and 3-4 plants are placed in one hole.
Young vines need support. They are tied to pegs and set the direction of growth. It should be borne in mind that when virgin ivy gets older, it needs solid support. Without this, the plant will creep along the ground.
Subtleties of care
The main activities for the care of a tree liana are watering and sanitary pruning. If you do not remove overgrown shoots, the green wall will look sloppy. Winter shelter is not required, because even when some shoots freeze, the rest will give replacement buds, from which new vines will develop. Vines damaged during the winter are cut to the place where healthy tissue begins.
The most active development of the root system occurs in the early years., therefore, twice a season, you can feed the liana with complex fertilizer. During growth, tendrils are constantly formed, capable of attaching to any rough surface. In 1 year, the shoot grows several meters.
The difficulty is that without pruning, the liana can turn into impassable thickets, and soon you will have to think about how to get rid of it. The next year after planting, during the season, all shoots growing in the wrong direction are removed. It will not harm the plant. When the skeleton is properly formed, the subsequent haircut is not difficult. In addition to incorrectly oriented shoots, damaged and weak vines are cut off, as well as those that make ivy look sloppy.
Top dressing is carried out at the end of spring and in the middle of summer, it is no longer needed. Nitroammophoska in the amount of 40-50 g per 10 liters of water is ideal. Consumption - 5-6 liters per 1 sq. m. or for an adult plant.
Reproduction methods
V open ground Vici grapes and other popular varieties can be propagated in several ways. The gardener can choose the one that is more suitable. For example, there is not always a place to bend the layers, and some do not want to spend a lot of time getting ivy from seeds.
Ivy is propagated by cuttings in autumn or spring. Shoots at the age of 3-4 years are chosen and cut into several parts. Each segment should have 5 buds. Leaves are cut completely or in half. Cuttings are planted in grooves, sprinkled with earth and watered. 2 buds are left above the surface, and the part that will be in the ground is scratched in several places so that roots appear faster. This technique is used by gardeners with extensive experience.
Important: ivy planted on open place, it is worth shading until the first shoots appear. Watering is necessary more often than a crop placed in partial shade.
Seed propagation is rarely practiced, since this method is the most difficult and time-consuming. In the fall, the fruits are harvested and kept in warm place until the pulp rots completely. Then the seeds are removed and washed. Until the onset of spring, they are kept in the room.
About a month before landing planting material dipped in ice water for several hours, take it out, dry it and put it on the lower shelf of the refrigerator, where it is kept for 25-30 days. When the weather is right, they are planted in the holes.
The easiest way is to separate the root suckers. They are formed in a large number wherever the vine comes into contact with the soil. The gardener can only carefully separate the shoot from the rhizome and plant. Where to go. There is one important point: the root collar should not be buried, otherwise the liana will begin to undermine.
Protection against diseases and pests
For most harmful insects, the vine is not of interest. Aphids sometimes settle on decorative grapes, but this is rare. If the trouble still occurs, the insects can be washed off with a jet from a hose. When the aphids have already managed to form a colony, it is recommended to spray the culture with one of the following means:
- solution laundry soap with alcohol (1 bar of soap, 10 water, 20 liters of alcohol);
- insecticide "Fufanon";
- biological product "Fitoverm".
Virgin ivy in landscaping
In the garden, girlish grapes go well with all climbing plants. So, in the vicinity of him, you can plant clematis. The leafy vine will protect the roots delicate flower from the sun.
Against the background of Vici, hops look beautiful, but not any, but the one with decorative green-yellow foliage. The Aureus variety is excellent. Often gardeners plant together with decorative grapes climbing rose... This arrangement looks impressive, but we must not forget that climbing roses require solid support, and it should not be ivy. Let both types of plants climb more strong frame... This can be a fence, pergola wall, arch or pergola.
When placing a tree-like liana along the fence, it is worth considering for which plants it can be a background. For example, in front of a vertical green carpet, you can plant plants of a similar or contrasting color:
- barberry;
- dogwood;
- thuja; juniper;
V different seasons such compositions form bizarre combinations. For example, in autumn, when the leaves of the creeper turn crimson, some plants remain green, others shed their foliage, and others also acquire a bright color.
To get the desired combinations, the gardener should see in advance how this or that culture looks in different months, and then correlate this with the appearance of the girl's grapes. The procedure is not easy, but it is worth spending time on it. Then you can admire the implementation of a creative idea every year.
Using girly grapes wisely, you can disguise, decorate and hide anything. For 2 years, the vine is able to completely cover the wall. two-storey house... Often, decorative ivy, planted at vertical supports, is obstructed compost heaps, netting, old fences, septic tanks, sheds and other buildings. Vici grapes allow you to decorate a stump or old tree that for some reason cannot be removed.
An area with a dense leaf wall always looks luxurious. It seems that the owners spent a lot of time and money on its design, although in practice this is not always the case. The culture has only one significant drawback: when the leaves fall off, a chaotic jumble of vines opens up to the eye, which does not look very beautiful. It is necessary to think in advance how to attract the attention of an observer in winter time... Let it be bright accent, garden figure or an unusual flowerpot - any object, in combination with which the liana will not be conspicuous.
On a flat area, the plant can be grown as a ground cover. This is not a completely familiar accommodation option, but the more interesting it is. You should not walk on such a carpet, so as not to break the vine, and it is advisable to leave a place for ease of maintenance. Finally, ivy can be used to decorate the wall of the house. In the summer, the vine will protect against overheating, and in the fall, it will delay the wind a little.
Climbing plant Maiden grapes began to be used in the 17th century to decorate private estates and public parks. This ivy from the vine family picturesquely wraps around arches, gazebos, balconies and terraces. Used as wall decor brick houses and outbuildings. Living grape hedge has become an original element in landscape design most household plots.
Lianas of the Maiden Grape reach 20 meters, and each year their length increases by three meters. Powerful root system penetrates deep into the soil and holds the plant tightly. Clinging with tendrils, grapes rush in all directions and cover any uneven surface.
The leaves are large, palm-shaped, jagged at the edges and reach 10 cm. In summer they become bright green, and darken with the onset of cloudy days. V autumn time the leaves of some varieties turn yellow or acquire a purple hue, and with the first frost, the foliage plays with crimson colors.
Virginia grapes are strewn with bunches of spherical or ellipsoidal berries with a diameter of 5-8 mm. Their skin is dense and elastic, burgundy, purple, dark red and blue in color. As they ripen, the grapes turn black with a bluish bloom. Each berry contains 3-4 seeds. Birds are very fond of grapes and peck them during the winter. By spring, the plant looks like an interlacing of bare branches with no big amount dry foliage.
Astringent bitter taste of berries is due to the presence of oxalic acid in them. They are used in folk medicine, but consumption in large quantities is fraught with poisoning.
In nature, there are 10 species of this plant, and only three of them are found in gardens and vegetable gardens: attached, five-leafed (virginian), ivy-shaped three-leafed (triangular).
Two types are grown in Russia:
- The maiden grape is five-leafed (virginian) has palmate-shaped pointed leaves of an oval shape. Antennae is attached to the support and, with normal development, reaches 18 m. In autumn, its foliage turns red. It grows mainly on the sunny side and tolerates winter cold.
- Tri-pointed (ivy) grape with three fingers complex leaves... Its shoots with a dozen antennae grow up to 15-20 m. The plant is firmly attached to the support due to the suckers. It adapts well to cold weather, but is less frost-resistant than five-leaf grapes.
The ornamental grapes are called "maiden" and "virgin ivy" because their flowers do not need pollen fertilization.
Table: Popular varieties of maiden grapes:
Vici grapes are distinguished by their pronounced decorative properties. Its leaves are small in size and with a shiny surface. With the onset of the first cold weather, they turn orange.
The grapes protect the house from scorching sun, so it is always cool on hot days. And on a rainy day, foliage protects from rain and wind.
Advantages:
- attractive appearance;
- unpretentiousness to soil and place;
- fast growth: 3 m per year;
- thick curtain - dust protection;
- reducing humidity in the room and around the foundation;
- winter hardiness.
Many gardeners believe that it is necessary to plant Virginian grapes to hide the ugly facade of the house or to cover old barn... Others are convinced that this plant leads to the destruction of walls and foundations.
Disadvantages:
- An unkempt plant grows and penetrates under the slate, causing it to crack, clogging up the drainage system.
- Long roots spread over several meters and suck nutrients out of the soil. Resulting in survival cultivated plants minimal.
- In the spring, leaves later than the rest garden plants therefore, its dry branches look ugly.
The plant is used as a hedge, it disguises compost heaps and septic tanks. Any dried tree can be transformed if it is entwined with a grape vine.
- Used with caution near dilapidated structures.
- It is planted near brick, concrete and wooden walls.
- It is not advisable to plant the plant near the wall of a house with a slate or tiled roof.
Virginian grapes, planted in moisture-permeable fertile soil on the southern side of the site, look spectacular. Conversely, the foliage of a plant planted from the north is faded.
Combination with other plants:
- The stems and roots of clematis are protected from the sun under the vine, and this neighborhood benefits him.
- The dull green foliage of the Aureus hop is favorably emphasized by the vines of the maiden grape.
- Climbing rose grows well on a vine support.
- V winter period liana loses foliage and attractiveness. Coniferous plants planted in the foreground, distract attention to themselves.
Virginia grapes take root both in autumn and spring. Some gardeners believe that it is enough to stick in the layers, water them with water and the plant will grow by itself. But this business has its own subtleties.
When choosing a place, take into account the fact that the maiden grape grows and covers all the supports that are in its path: tree trunks, walls and chimneys. Therefore, you need to carefully read the information on the seed bag: on it, the manufacturer gives advice on choosing a location for each variety.
- On the east and south sides of the site, the plant is covered with large foliage.
- In the shade, the leaves of the grapes grow small and dark. Therefore, it is better to plant the plant in a lighted area.
- Maiden grapes are an unpretentious culture that grows on saline soils, but becomes capricious on depleted and dry soils.
- Availability vertical support, along which long lashes creep, is the main condition for obtaining a beautiful plant.
Soil preparation
The seeds are planted in loose and fertilized soil. Young shoots become weak when there is a shortage nutrients, therefore, the land must be prepared before planting.
Instructions:
- A week before sowing, the weed is removed in the selected area.
- Dig a hole measuring 50 x 60 cm.
- The removed soil is mixed with compost and sand in a ratio of 2: 2: 1.
- Arrange a drainage with a height of 20 cm from expanded clay, pieces of slate or broken brick.
- Planks are placed on top of it and 350 g are poured double superphosphate or liter jar ash.
- Pour the prepared soil mixture.
Propagation by cuttings and layering
Planting works are carried out in spring or autumn. For this, cuttings 7 mm thick with five buds are used.
Procedure:
- An irrigation hole is prepared.
- Lower part the cutting is scratched so that it takes root faster.
- The seedling is placed in a hole and two buds are left on the surface.
- They make a support or tie up a wire.
- Thoroughly spill the earth.
- To protect from the scorching sun, the bed is covered with geotextiles.
For those who have an adult bush of maiden grapes growing on the site, you can use the method of rooting vines and obtaining layering. In this case, one kidney is left above the surface of the earth, the other is buried. Strong shoots grow near the mother plant, and those that are closer to the end of the vine grow weak, since they lack nutrition.
Instructions:
- With the onset of spring, vines of two and three years of age are selected.
- They are bent to the ground in waves and secured with hairpins.
- Sprinkle with soil in places of contact with the ground.
- Provide abundant watering.
After a year, the root system of the cuttings becomes strong and they are transplanted to a permanent place.
To obtain a perennial grape carpet on large area 2-4 layers are planted in each hole with an interval of 0.6 m.
Seed preparation
The fruits become ripe from late August to mid-September. It depends on the region. Grape clusters are cut from ripe berries, otherwise the seeds in them will be unsuitable for planting.
To get seeds:
- Ripe berries are kept at indoor conditions within three weeks.
- After that, the seeds are taken out, washed and dried.
Seed material is stored in paper bags... At the same time, it is important to create conditions close to natural ones: average humidity and moderate temperature. In this way, the seeds remain viable until spring.
Seeds are stratified before planting. It can be done in natural and home conditions. In the first case, the seeds are laid in the ground in the fall for hardening for three months. In the second case - in the spring, 7 weeks before sowing.
Instructions:
- Prepare containers, sand (perlite or vermiculite).
- The containers are filled with sand and spilled.
- Seeds are laid and covered with foil.
- Store the container in a cold room or refrigerator.
The optimum temperature for stratification is +5 degrees Celsius. Make sure the sand is wet until the first shoots appear.
In the fall, the soil is not prepared and the seeds are immediately laid in the ground. This should be done in the last decade of the month so that the seeds do not have time to germinate, otherwise the sprouts will freeze.
Spring sowing begins only when the ground is fully warmed up. Dates may differ depending on the region: in the middle lane they begin to plant in mid-April, and in the south - in mid-March.
After stratification, seeds are removed from the refrigerator 2-3 days before the expected planting date and soaked in warm water... Before laying in the ground, applying mineral fertilizers into the soil is not required.
Planting seeds in a prepared bed:
- Make holes 1 cm deep with an interval of 70 cm.
- One seed is placed in each and sprinkled with earth.
- Install supports.
- Carefully water the garden bed.
In the first year, the soil is moistened as it dries, so that a powerful root system forms in the grapes.
Plant care
Timely watering is necessary for grapes for its rapid growth. But in order for a well-groomed plant to grow on the site, it must be cut off.
Advice:
Fertilization
After the appearance of the first shoots and during the period of rapid growth, nitroammofoska is introduced at the rate of 45 g per 1 m². Fertilizer is diluted in 10 liters of water. First, the soil is loosened, then the plant is watered.
To stimulate the growth of green mass, the grapes are fed with Kemira Universal. It is brought in in the evening after sunset or early in the morning.
The soil is enriched with organic matter: humus, peat, two-year compost. And also it is mulched with sawdust or rotted foliage.
Diseases and pests
Recipes:
- Horsetail tincture: it is crushed, poured hot water and insist for a day.
- Vegetable oil add to the water at the rate of 2 tbsp. l. for 1 liter.
- Soap solution: 15 g liquid soap per liter of water.
- Garlic tincture: 5 cloves are kept in half a liter of water for four hours.
And also use drugs "Fitoverm" and "Fufanon". And if the leaves of grapes begin to curl, which happens from a lack of trace elements, it is fed with an infusion of wood ash.
Maiden or Vici grapes are used to form hedges, decorate fences, disguise unsightly buildings, and decorate gazebos and verandas. On a sunny day, there will be a shade in the gazebo entwined with liana foliage on a sunny day, in which you can hide from the hot midday sun. In addition, the plant has attractive flowers and fruits that can beautify any area. In order for Vici grapes to grow well and quickly, they must be properly planted and grown. O correct fit and the nuances of care, we will describe in detail in our article.
Maiden grapes - description
Homeland of deciduous decorative-deciduous liana is the southwest of Primorye, the Korean Peninsula, China, Japan. Best of all, it takes root and grows in temperate climates.
The tree plant is distinguished by its green beautiful leaves which turn purple or red by autumn. The length of the whip of an adult liana can reach twenty-five meters. In the first two years, they grow up to three meters. Young shoots are reddish, while adults are brown-green. Petiolate palmate leaves on the shoots are arranged alternately.
Well-branching thin whiskers grow from the nodal part of the foliage, with the help of which the vine clings to supports and fences. On paniculate inflorescences, small pale yellow or pale green flowers form and bloom, from which small fruits-berries are formed.
Types of maiden grapes
Liana has several types, each of which is represented by varieties with different leaf shapes.
Ivy or triangular
Plant with cordate, lobed, rounded, three-lobed or triangular leaves of bright red, bronze or golden yellow hue. Also, this type of grape is distinguished by a large number of suckers and branched tendrils. It has oblong clusters of inflorescences on which unattractive flowers and bluish-black fruits are formed.
Tri-pointed liana is not winter-hardy, therefore it is rarely grown under conditions middle lane... Without shelter, she is able to withstand short frosts with temperatures of at least -15 degrees.
All tri-pointed varieties are resistant to exhaust gas and smoke, so they can be grown near the road and used as a hedge.
Virginian or five-leaf grapes
A large, shade-tolerant, fast-growing liana grows up to twenty centimeters in length and is distinguished by finger-like complex leaves, which consist of ovoid or oblong leaves with a pointed tip. Above, the leaf plate has a dark green color, and below it has a bluish tint. Young reddish shoots of the plant turn green with age. Umbrella inflorescences consist of three to six flowers, of which blue-black fruits with a bluish bloom are formed by autumn.
Winter-hardy species, therefore it is widely used in all regions of our country. The most common varieties are:
The five-leafed species is resistant to various insects and disease, tolerates urban conditions and multiplies in many ways.
Planting Vicha grapes
The plant will grow well both in the shade and in the sun and is not demanding on the soil. Therefore, you can sow seeds or plant seedlings in any part of the garden. However, the growth of grapes and the color of its leaves directly depends on the light. In the sun, their colors will be much brighter. than in the shade. It is not recommended to plant a plant in an area where a cold wind blows.
Soil for girlish Vici grapes is suitable loamy, slightly alkaline, slightly acidic or neutral. Before planting seedlings, the soil is dug up and plant residues are removed from it.
In prepared holes fill up the drainage in the form of pebbles, rubble or brick breakage. The drainage layer is covered with medium-grained sand and nutrient soil. For vines, you should prepare the soil from the following components:
- compost - 2 parts;
- garden soil- 2 parts;
- sand - 1 part.
After planting in the hole, the seedling is watered abundantly.
Care features
Caring for Vici grapes includes regular watering, weed removal, top dressing, and pruning.
The plant should be watered only three to four times a season. but if summers are hot and dry, more frequent watering will be needed. You will need one bucket of water for each bush.
At the beginning of summer, the liana is fed with nitrophos, and at the height of growth in the middle of the season - with complex fertilizers with minerals. After watering, the beds with plants are freed from weeds and loosened. Bare roots are covered with earth.
Helps to retain moisture, nourish bushes and prevent weeds from developing mulch that can be spread around plants ... You can use peat for this., humus or compost, sprinkling them in a layer six centimeters thick.
Pruning creepers
During the care of the Vici grapes, the branches are pruned throughout the season, with the help of which the plant is formed. In the summer, you can prune green shoots, and in the fall, woody branches are pruned.
When propagating by seeds in the first three years, pruning can be omitted, since the plant is still small at this time. In the future, shoots are removed in order to form a reasonable density and a certain shape of the bushes. The cut with a secateurs should be done over a healthy kidney.
After the formation the main skeletal branches, in the future, when caring for a vine, it will only be necessary to limit the growth of shoots, and carry out sanitary pruning. The bushes should not be allowed to grow strongly, otherwise they will turn into ugly sloppy thickets.
Winter care of Vici grapes
In warm regions, the triangular liana winters well. But in areas with little snow, cold winters, it can die. To protect it from freezing, mulch should be laid under the bush first, and then spruce branches and lashes of the plant. From above, the branches are covered with spruce branches... In this case, you need to make sure that on warm days the bush does not come out.
Vici grape propagation
Liana can be propagated in several ways:
- seeds;
- cuttings;
- root suckers;
- layering.
Seed reproduction
Sowing seeds can be done both in spring and autumn. Pre-planting material must be prepared by keeping it for one and a half months at a temperature within +4 degrees. After this procedure, the seeds will sprout together in about three weeks. Stratification is carried out when planting seeds in the spring. And the collected autumn seeds can be sown immediately on the prepared bed.
Propagation by cuttings
Cutting from woody last year's cuttings in spring and summer, you can use them to get new plants. For better rooting, cuttings with small outgrowths are used, in which there are already rudiments of future roots. Cuttings with two to four knots can be rooted in water, but the best results will be when planted in the ground.
Before planting pruning are treated with special preparations that stimulate the formation and growth of roots. The containers are filled with a mixture of peat and sand, into which the cuttings are buried. Spring pruning needs to be buried before bottom node, and summer ones are buried so that there are at least two buds underground.
Caring for new plants is good lighting and timely watering. Until next spring, they are grown in a warm room, after which they are planted in open ground.
In regions with warm climates grape cuttings can be immediately planted in the garden by digging holes for them seven to ten centimeters deep. The distance between plants should be at least one and a half meters. At first, cuttings that have not yet taken root need shading and timely watering.
Reproduction by root suckers
With this method of propagation of grapes, root suckers are dug out of the soil. They are first planted in a temporary bed, where they are grown for a year or two. When planting the offspring, you need to make sure that the neck of the plant remains at the same level as it was. Grown and strengthened bushes are transplanted to their permanent place.
Reproduction by layering
Experienced gardeners propagate Vici grapes by layering. To do this, the lash is pressed and fixed to the ground. The place with the buds is sprinkled with nutritious soil. For a short branch, a groove is pulled out into which the whip fits completely. Only the tip, about twenty centimeters long, should remain. As long as the cuttings do not give roots, they need to be watered regularly. When they start new shoots, young plants are separated from the mother bush and planted in a new place.
Pests and diseases
The plant is resistant To various pests and disease. But if on its leaves you find settled insects that feed on plant juices, then insecticidal preparations can be used to destroy them.
At improper care roots may start to rot. The fact that the plant is sick will be said by diseased leaves and shoots. They need to be removed, the bush must be treated with fungicides and the care of the grapes must be reviewed.
Vichi maiden grapes, like other species of this plant, do not require special care and are able to reproduce independently. Even a novice gardener will be able to plant and grow this culture on its site, decorating with it a gazebo or veranda, covering a utility block or a shed, decorating a fence or wall of a house.
With the help of girlish grapes, you can create an unusual dense hedge... Planting and growing this plant is quite simple. In addition to hedges, such a vine can be used to beautifully decorate any large vertical or inclined surface. The main thing is to follow some rules of care and cultivation, and then the plant will delight you for more than one year.
Varieties and types of maiden grapes
The maiden grape belongs to the grape family. it perennial shrub, which resembles a treelike vine. The plant has no beautiful flowers or delicious fruit, but is famous for its gorgeous green leaves that turn red in the sun. It can reach heights up to 25 meters. In the first two years, maiden grapes grow only 3 meters. There are several popular types of maiden grapes, but the following two groups of varieties are suitable for our climate:
Five-leaf maiden grape
The leaves of this group are oval in shape. There are long tendrils at the ends of the shoots. With the help of them, the shoots cling to the surface, thus the plant rises up. But it so happens that the long shoots of the plant droop down. The most popular maiden five-leaf grape is Engelman, which reaches 10 meters in length.
Tri-pointed maiden grapes
Leaves have different shape, but on an adult plant, they are three-lobed and look like ivy leaves. This group also has clinging tendrils that help the plant to climb upward. The best varieties groups :, Green Spring, Vici Boskop, Vici Robusta.
Soil, time and place for planting
Maiden grapes are considered to be very potent and fast growing plant who doesn't care where to grow. You need to know that the color of the leaves will also depend on the degree of illumination. This is a very important point for those who decide to use the vine for decorative purposes.
If the girlish grapes are on the sunny side, the leaves will be orange, red, or purple. In the shade on north side buildings, they can remain green until the onset of frost. Thanks to this feature of the plant, you can create whole wall compositions with different colors and shades.
It doesn't matter when to plant the maiden grapes. This issue can be dealt with from spring to late autumn. The plant will take root equally well.
Despite the fact that some experts recommend planting a vine in the fall, there is no guarantee that it will take root faster, and the next year it will grow huge and beautiful. First of all, it all depends on climatic conditions region and seasonal weather. Nevertheless, it is possible to plant and care for maiden grapes even in Western Siberia.
The soil for maiden grapes can be any. The plant is able to grow even in the most unfavorable conditions. But it is best, of course, to plant it on fertile soils that easily allow moisture to pass through and do not retain it. You can also prepare the soil in advance. It is enough to dig a hole 60 * 60 * 60 centimeters, pour drainage on the bottom with a layer 15 centimeters thick, and fill it with fertile soil with humus and sand on top.
Reproduction
Maiden grapes can be propagated in the following ways:
Cuttings
With the help of cuttings, you can quickly and easily propagate girlish grapes. Even if there is not a single plant, planting material in the form of a cutting can be asked from a neighbor or found on the outskirts of the city, in a forest plantation. The easiest way is to root woody cuttings. The main thing is that there are three healthy green buds on the handle.
The thickness of the branch should be with a simple pencil. You need to cut the branch into pieces 25-30 centimeters long. The depth of the pit into which it is necessary to plant the segments should be 7-10 centimeters. It is necessary to dig in the cuttings so that only 2 buds are underground, and the rest are above the surface.
After planting, the cuttings must be watered. V summer period time to water the plant more abundantly. So it will grow more actively. It is also necessary to build a shelter from the sun.
Seeds
These types of grapes can be planted using seeds, but the process is very time consuming. Sow seeds in late fall or in early spring... Before boarding autumn period maiden grape seeds must be stratified into natural conditions... In the spring they will have to be stratified artificially. Seeds will sprout only next year at the beginning of summer.
Grape seeds do not lose their germination for about a year if stored at room temperature. The sowing depth in the ground should be about 1-1.5 centimeters.
Root offspring
Root offspring is also very easy to propagate girlish grapes, since they are easy enough to dig up and transplant to a new place for further growth. Root suckers are formed at the base of the vine as a result of violent branching.
Layers
A minimum of effort must be made in the propagation of the plant by layering. To do this, it is necessary to spread the vine on the ground. Then pin it with wire in the places where the knots are and sprinkle everything with earth. During the heat, the lash is poured abundantly with water. Next spring, it is necessary to divide the buds, namely, carefully dig up the roots and transplant them to a new habitat.
Care features
In order to improve the growth of seedlings, it is necessary to feed. This procedure is recommended several times per season. The first feeding is carried out in the spring. For one cubic meter land you need to add 40-50 grams of nitroammophoska. As soon as the grapes begin to grow, it is necessary to apply 100-200 grams of fertilizer, which is called "Kemira Universal".
Tri-pointed kind of grapes in the autumn are fed potash fertilizers... For fast growth, you can feed the plant with aquamarine. Enough 50 grams of such a substance per 1 square meter.
Do not forget that the soil around the grapes must be loosened, weeds and dry leaves must be removed. The proliferation of maiden grapes can also be controlled. It is enough to tie it up in the right way. Many gardeners prune the vine for the winter with a pruner. If you want to shape vines certain form, then this must be carefully monitored. When forming it, the following rules are used:
- Young shoots should be fixed on a support. It can be a wall or a fence, and only then direct them in the right direction;
- If you cannot overcome the naughty shoots, then they can simply be removed;
- All weak and damaged shoots should also be removed. The procedure is performed every year and is called sanitary or restraining pruning.
The tri-pointed Vici grape, which is also called the ivy maiden grape, belongs to the tree-like vines, the genus Maiden grape. The Veitchii grape variety is quite common among the tri-pointed grapes.
Growing such a plant is not at all difficult.
Species, region of origin and history of breeding
Vichi ornamental grape variety climbing plant from the Vinogradov family, used for vertical gardening of walls, balconies, fences, creating "hedges". This grape is planted near fences, which the plant braids and stretches up .. The fruits of this plant are inedible for humans.
Vici grapes will help green country cottage area, decorate a gazebo, a sheer wall, a fence.
The name Maiden Grape (parthenocissus) comes from the Greek words "virgin" and "ivy", as these grapes can be pollinated independently from flower to flower, and the leaves are shaped like ivy.
The homeland of the origin of triangular grapes is Japan, China, the Korean Peninsula, Taiwan, south-west of Primorye.
It grows in the Carpathian and Transcarpathian regions, as well as in the south of Russia. It was not possible to get accustomed to this variety in St. Petersburg.
The Vici grape is distinguished by its tallness. The plant is a liana, the size of which can reach twenty meters. The vine grows four meters per year.
The vine has antennae and suction cups, with the help of which it so easily attaches to any rough surface (except metal) and holds on to it, releasing a sticky liquid.Veitchii has green leaves that turn bright orange with the onset of autumn and take on a golden or purple hue.
Leaves of this variety small size, about two or three centimeters, smooth and glossy, dense to the touch, leathery.
The shape and roundness of the leaves acquire a variety of on one plant. They can be round, heart-shaped, resemble ivy with two or three lobes.
Vici's maiden grapes are famous for the beauty of their leaves, especially in the autumn, for which gardeners love it. The "carpet wall" of Vici grapes looks like a tile, due to the leaves, which are neatly arranged one under one.
The plant's vegetative period lasts from mid-May to mid-October.
On the south side, the plant is more lush. In early summer, flowers appear on it. They are inconspicuous in appearance small size, have narrow oblong brushes. Petals are white with red dust particles. Bloom lasts from July to October.
Berries in grapes have a bluish bloom, bluish-black color, with a diameter of 6 to 8 millimeters, with 1-2 seeds. They ripen in September and have a rounded shape. The berries are collected in bunches, located on clusters of red color.
Vici's roots spread shallowly into the ground, which makes it possible to grow it at home or on a balcony.Reproduction
The grapes are sensitive to frost, they can withstand short temperatures down to -30 ° С. Drops foliage for the winter. Requires shelter for the winter, as it can die in the absence of snow.
Vici grapes prefer to grow in sunny or semi-shady places.
Veitchii is highly drought tolerant. Not picky about the type of soil.
Vici grapes are propagated by cuttings, roots or seeds.
Diseases and pests
Diseases and pests of this grape variety are not scary. Sometimes it is still attacked by aphids, but it is very easy to deal with it.
Vici grows well along roads. Dust, exhaust gases, smoke and other air pollution are not afraid of him. it great advantage for landscape design.Weeds are practically not afraid of grapes, it is impossible for them to break through its dense "carpet".
Vici grapes will be an excellent decor for a gazebo, fence or wall. In a short period of time, this grape variety will cover a huge area. It will protect the tree from rot, as the raindrops will run down the leaves, preventing them from reaching the wooden structure.
The main thing is to cut off the "obstinate" shoots with pruning shears, giving a graceful shape to the plant, to water in dry weather and to cover the grapes for the winter. Then your landscape will become a work of art.
Photo and video
Photo of Vici grapes:
Video description of Vici grapes: