Plant lupine(Lupinus) or " wolf beans"It has been known since ancient times. The name Lupinus is derived from the Latin word "lupus" - "wolf".
Unlike true beans, lupine seeds contain bitter toxic substances.
Perennial lupine multifolia(Lupinus polyphyllus) was introduced to Europe from North America at the beginning of the twentieth century. The plant has a powerful tap root, large palmate leaves and a long flower raceme with beautiful blue-violet flowers.
When crossing a multi-leaved lupine with a yellow perennial (originally from North America), it was possible to get very beautiful decorative forms lupine with flowers of various colors.
In 1935, the famous lupines of the English gardener Russell appeared, surprising exhibition visitors with their spectacular flowering.
Benefits of Lupine for Garden Soil and Plants
Lupine is not only a very beautiful plant, but also an extremely useful plant for gardeners.
In the first century of our era, Pliny wrote that from the sowing of lupine "fields and vineyards grow fat, and he himself does not need manure, because he can replace the best manure."
In ancient times, it was believed that planting a white annual lupine between olive trees save olives from diseases.
Small spherical swellings form on the roots of lupine, in which the Russian scientist M. S. Voronin in 1865 discovered bacteria that can bind free nitrogen in the air and enrich the soil with it. Lupine roots, penetrating to a depth of more than a meter, seem to be pumped into the arable layer nutrients extracted from deep layers of soil.
The plowed green mass of lupine forms a first-class humus that enriches the soil and improves its structure. With the decomposition of the green mass of lupine in the soil, its acidity decreases.
Growing lupine for green manure, it is mowed (in autumn or spring) and plowed to a depth of 15 cm.
lupine bloom
Lupine blooms in middle lane Russia in early June.
After cutting off flowering stems, the plant produces new shoots that can prolong the flowering of lupine until late autumn.
Some varieties of perennial lupins have a flower brush up to one meter long. Others, on the contrary, are distinguished by many short and wide inflorescences.
The color of lupine flowers is all kinds: from white, yellow and orange to pink, red, raspberry and purple.
Two-color lupins have been bred, their flowers have an excellent combination of different colors, for example: white with blue, blue with yellow, orange with red, etc.
In the center of a lupine flower there is one pistil with a stigma and 10 stamens.
Lupine flower consists of five petals. The upper petal is the widest and largest, called the "flag" or "sail". The two side lobes, which are much smaller in size, are called "wings". And the two lower petals, bent and fused at the base, are called the "boat".
All plants of the legume family, to which lupine belongs, have such a peculiar flower structure.
Propagation of lupine seeds and cuttings
The lupine beans formed after flowering dry out unevenly when ripe, which causes their valves to twist into a spiral. There is a mechanical force, and then the seeds are scattered with a crack in all directions from the plant.
Lupine seeds are large. Growing perennial lupins from seed is very easy.
You can sow lupine in the flower garden. Or you can sow swollen lupine seeds in shaded beds in the spring (in April), and in May plant the resulting seedlings in a permanent place in the garden.
To preserve and breed especially beautiful specimens, you can propagate them vegetatively .
To do this, the renewal buds that form at the base of the stem are cut out along with a piece of root and planted in a shaded place. This operation is best done after flowering plants.
A month after planting, roots appear in the cuttings, and then young lupins can be planted in a flower garden.
Growing lupine
Lupine is unpretentious, but grows best on loamy, slightly acidic soils.
Lupine planting care consists of weeding and loosening.
In the second year, it is useful to feed lupins with potassium-phosphorus fertilizers.
Lupine develops well and blooms for 3-4 years, after which it is recommended to replace old plants with young seedlings.
Lupins can be planted in groups on or in a flower garden along with other flowers. The distance between lupins and other plants should be at least 40 cm.
Pairs well with lupins in the garden.
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Inexperienced gardeners often mistake the wild form of a plant called "wolf bean" for a weed, as it happens to densely fill the area. In Latin, the flower is called Lupinus. The plant brings considerable benefits to the soil, as its roots contain nutrients for reproduction. beneficial bacteria, substances. Relatively recently, perennial lupins, unpretentious when planting and leaving, filled the gardens with themselves.
When to plant perennial lupins in open ground?
The plant can be planted on the soil after the snow melts and the onset of heat. April is the best time for these conditions. Land for planting must be processed in the fall. With this option, flowering occurs the next year.
It is possible to plant flower seeds in winter. With this option, gardening is best done in October. In the spring, the sprouts will sprout, and the lupins will bloom in the summer.
You can plant a plant in various ways:
- seeds;
- seedlings;
- cuttings.
Plots for lupins choose light, spacious. Hillocks suit them well.
Planting in open ground with seeds
Planting flowers is traditionally carried out in autumn or spring.
In October or April, sowing takes place in open ground. The distance between future plants should be from 30 to 50 cm. Holes are made at a depth of 3-4 cm if the soil is sandy, or 2-3 cm if it is heavy. Seed sprouts appear as soon as the soil warms up to 3 degrees. Seedlings of plants are able to withstand short frosts down to -4 Co. Bloom, with this method of planting, lupins will begin next year.
With autumn sowing, the plants will show themselves in all their glory in the summer. Before winter, the seeds will not have time to germinate, but they will ripen perfectly in the cold season. In autumn, lupins should be planted to a depth of 2 cm and sprinkled (mulched) with peat on top. Watering them is not worth it.
Growing seedlings
The seedling method requires preparation. It is necessary to make a mixture of soil from one share of peat, one share of soddy land and half a share of sand. Before sowing, the seeds can be mixed with the crushed roots of old flowers to promote the growth of nitrogen-absorbing bacteria. After a couple of weeks, sprouts appear.
Please note that when planting lupins with seedlings or when sowing seeds, flowers grow predominantly in purple or pink tones, and White color probably won't show up.
As soon as the plant has formed 5-6 leaves, it must be moved to open ground, since it has a tap root system and, with more late boarding takes root worse. The soil is loosened before planting, if desired, fertilized with organic matter. The distance between the seedling bushes is 30-50 cm.
One of the most famous representatives of the moth family is lupins or wolf grass, as it is popularly called. The plant belongs to the ancient species and has been known for more than 4 millennia. Herbaceous perennial can reach 110 cm in height. Finger-shaped leaves are located on powerful, strong, erect stems. The color of the leaves is rich and bright: coral, pink, blue, purple. The inflorescence contains many flowers, the shape is racemose. The flowering period is long: from May to August.
Flowering begins from the bottom of the culture, gradually moving up. Garden planting is actively used in Japanese and English gardens. Among the numerous varieties, one and two-year-old representatives are also found. It has a powerful root system, reaching up to 150 cm. The rosette of leaves is always turned towards the sun. Their special decorative effect, which is similar to the leaves on a palm tree, has long been noted by gardeners and is used to create exotics in the garden.
Use in landscape design
The unusual shape of inflorescences, reminiscent of candles, has become a real find for designers and homeowners. If you want to decorate the garden with a bright and incredibly spectacular flower bed, then you won’t find a plant better than wolf grass. Absolutely unpretentious plant, strewn with its bloom vacant lot earth, will make the landscape colorful and juicy in summer. Universal lupins can be planted both in single and in group plantings.
In you can use several varieties, creating a multi-colored carpet. Tall "candles" are suitable for creating a bright background, they are able to emphasize other, more calm colors of the culture. With their help, traces of communications and other unsightly phenomena are masked. garden paths and borders are decorated with low-growing varieties.
Combination with other plants
Mixed group plantings present wolfgrass in the most favorable light. If you plant it in the center of a flower arrangement, then neighboring plants will effectively complement it and reveal all the facets of the color.
By planting a plant in the middle of a mixborder, you can not only create an original planting, but also protect the lupins from drafts. Most successful combination with:
Plant propagation
seeds
Seeds are sown for seedlings in March. Before planting, they are soaked in warm water for a day, wrapped in gauze. During this time, they will break through the shell. A special mixture should be filled in the planting tank: soddy land, sand and peat in equal parts. It should be light and loose, so loosening is necessary before planting.
Experienced gardeners advise changing dried bushes with tubers. They contain special bacteria - nitrogen-fixing, which stimulate the active growth and development of seeds. It is not worth deepening planting material into holes that are too large. Optimal depth- 1 cm. After sowing with a spray gun, the soil is watered and covered with a film or glass to create a greenhouse effect and maintain the necessary moisture in the container. After 14-16 days, the first shoots appear.
They are transferred to open ground after the appearance of 5-6 leaves per seedling. This takes up to 28 days. Overdosing young plants in containers is not worth it. Otherwise, you can seriously damage the root system during transplantation.
In open ground, seeds are sown after the risk of repeated frosts has passed. The best time is the end of April. The soil is prepared long before planting - in the fall. It is dug up, getting rid of the roots of weeds, for the purpose of prevention, it is treated with special chemicals from various kinds of diseases. A hole with a depth of 2-2.5 cm. A representative of the flora will begin to delight with its flowering only after a year.
For the winter, seeds are planted in early November. The site is covered with peat from frost.
cuttings
A significant advantage of this method over the previous one is the ability to have rare and unusual varieties in your garden. Such representatives of the flora never reproduce by seed. For workpiece planting material Plants over 4 years old are suitable. Are used side shoots formed from sockets.
In March, cuttings are cut from basal rosettes, and in June from leaf axils. Cuttings are cut when the garden planting is at rest (after flowering). Use a sharp knife. The cut point on the adult wolf grass is processed wood ash. The kidney of renewal is also cut out with the adjacent heels of the root collar. Delenki are planted in a container with sandy soil. root system able to develop within 3 weeks. Then young seedlings can already be planted in a permanent place.
Landing and care
Site selection and soil preparation
Choosing the right located site, you can achieve a special decorative plant, bright and long flowering. A sunny area with some shade is best. A location in full shade promotes greenery at the expense of flowering.
Every year, in autumn, the ground for planting lupins is carefully dug up, removing weeds and treating them for diseases. Suitable for active growth and development of wolf grass slightly alkaline or slightly acidic soil, sandy and loamy when using fertilizers are also suitable. The level of soil acidity is measured special device. If the soil is acidic, then the pH level is reduced by adding to it dolomite flour. Alkaline soil suitable for planting lupins will make the addition of peat. It is imperative to make a drainage layer in the hole. Stagnation of moisture contributes to rotting of the root system.
When landing, it is observed optimal distance- 45-50 cm between holes. The process ends with abundant watering. Plant holes are dug much larger than seedlings.
Loosening is very important in the first 2 years of a plant's life, when it is too weak to fight back weeds. For older representatives, hilling is necessary to hide bare roots.
Watering and fertilizing
Potassium chloride is suitable as a fertilizer for lupins
Watering is needed rare and moderate. Culture belongs to the group of drought-resistant. Waterlogging and stagnation of soil, and melt water tolerates badly. Most of all, a garden planting needs watering in the spring, when it is actively growing and developing, and on hot summer days. The reference point between watering is the drying of the upper layers of the soil. The average frequency is once every 10-14 days.
Frequent fertilization is not necessary. The representative of the flora is able to fertilize itself. The first year of life, a young seedling does not need to be fed. It is introduced in a year (mineral, potassium chloride or superphosphate).
Diseases and pests
Wolfgrass is extremely resistant to insects and diseases. But improper care, especially excessive watering and top dressing, can make the bush weak. Then he can be attacked. aphids and gray rot . To combat them, special chemicals. As a preventive treatment soapy water. Each hole must be provided with a good drainage layer.
pruning
It is important to remove faded inflorescences during the flowering period. This will help extend the life of a bright perennial. Thanks to this, the bush can bloom again. Lupins that are over 5 years old are best removed. By this time, they have already lost their decorative effect and turn into a weed.
In 2014, the Japanese company Takii seed introduced a petunia with a striking salmon-orange petal color. By association with bright colors southern sunset sky, the unique hybrid was named African Sunset (“African Sunset”). Needless to say, this petunia instantly won the hearts of gardeners and was in great demand. But in the last two years, the curiosity has suddenly disappeared from shop windows. Where did the orange petunia go?
In our family Bell pepper love, so we plant it every year. Most of the varieties that I grow have been tested by me for more than one season, I cultivate them all the time. And every year I try to try something new. Pepper is a heat-loving and rather whimsical plant. About varietal and hybrid varieties of tasty and productive sweet pepper, which grows well with me, and will be discussed further. I live in central Russia.
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Home floriculture is not only a fascinating process, but also a very troublesome hobby. And, as a rule, the more experience a grower has, the healthier his plants look. And what about those who do not have experience, but want to have a home houseplants- not stretched stunted specimens, but beautiful and healthy, not causing a feeling of guilt by their extinction? For beginners and flower growers who are not burdened with a long experience, I will tell you about the main mistakes that are easy to avoid.
Lush cheesecakes in a pan with banana-apple confiture is another recipe for everyone's favorite dish. So that cheesecakes do not fall off after cooking, remember a few simple rules. Firstly, only fresh and dry cottage cheese, secondly, no baking powder and soda, and thirdly, the density of the dough - you can sculpt from it, it is not tight, but pliable. A good dough with a small amount of flour will come out only from good cottage cheese, and here again, see the “firstly” paragraph.
It is no secret that many drugs from pharmacies migrated to summer cottages. Their use, at first glance, seems so exotic that some summer residents are perceived almost with hostility. At the same time, potassium permanganate is a long-known antiseptic, which is used both in medicine and in veterinary medicine. In crop production, a solution of potassium permanganate is used both as an antiseptic and as a fertilizer. In this article we will tell you how to properly use potassium permanganate in the garden and vegetable garden.
Pork meat salad with mushrooms is a rural dish that can often be found on the festive table in the village. This recipe is with champignons, but if possible, use Forest mushrooms, then be sure to cook it like this, it will be even tastier. You don’t need to spend a lot of time preparing this salad - put the meat in a saucepan for 5 minutes and another 5 minutes for slicing. Everything else happens almost without the participation of the cook - meat and mushrooms are boiled, cooled, marinated.
Cucumbers grow well not only in a greenhouse or conservatory, but also in open field. Cucumbers are usually sown from mid-April to mid-May. Harvesting in this case is possible from mid-July to the end of summer. Cucumbers do not tolerate frost. That's why we don't sow them too early. However, there is a way to bring their harvest closer and taste juicy handsome men from your garden at the beginning of summer or even in May. It is only necessary to take into account some features of this plant.
Polissias is a great alternative to classic variegated shrubs and woody ones. The elegant round or feathery leaves of this plant create a strikingly festive curly crown, and the elegant silhouettes and rather modest character make it an excellent candidate for the role of big plant in home. Larger leaves do not prevent him from successfully replacing Benjamin and Co. ficuses. Moreover, poliscias offers much more variety.
Pumpkin cinnamon casserole is juicy and incredibly tasty, a bit like pumpkin pie, but, unlike pie, it is more tender and just melts in your mouth! This is the perfect sweet pastry recipe for families with children. As a rule, kids do not like pumpkin very much, but they never mind eating sweets. Sweet pumpkin casserole is a delicious and healthy dessert, which, moreover, is prepared very simply and quickly. Try it! You'll like it!
The hedgerow is not only one of essential elements landscape design. It also performs various protective functions. If, for example, the garden borders on a road, or a highway passes nearby, then hedge just needed. "Green walls" will protect the garden from dust, noise, wind and create a special comfort and microclimate. In this article, we will consider the optimal plants for creating a hedge that can reliably protect the site from dust.
In the first weeks of development, many cultures need a pick (and not even one), while others need a transplant “contraindicated”. To "please" both of them, you can use not quite standard containers for seedlings. Another good reason to try them is to save money. In this article we will tell you how to do without the usual boxes, pots, cassettes and tablets. And let's pay attention to non-traditional, but very effective and interesting containers for seedlings.
Healthy Red Cabbage Vegetable Soup with Celery, Red Onion and Beetroot - A vegetarian soup recipe that can also be cooked in fast days. For those who decide to lose a few extra pounds, I advise you not to add potatoes, and slightly reduce the amount olive oil(1 tablespoon is enough). The soup turns out to be very fragrant and thick, and in fasting you can serve a portion of soup with lean bread - then it will turn out satisfying and healthy.
Surely everyone has already heard about the popular term “hygge”, which came to us from Denmark. This word is not translated into other languages of the world. Because it means a lot of things at once: comfort, happiness, harmony, spiritual atmosphere... In this northern country, by the way, most of time of the year - cloudy weather and little sun. The summer is also short. And the level of happiness at the same time is one of the highest (the country regularly ranks first in the UN global ranking).
Beautiful, unpretentious, and even useful. Isn't it an almost perfect flower? This is a lupine. The mysterious plant ancient history. But, unfortunately, now it is not used as often in our area to decorate the garden as it deserves. But it is one of the favorites of the Japanese and British. Look how magnificent lupine can be, the photos clearly confirm this.
Lupinus is a herbaceous plant in the legume family that can be annual, biennial or perennial. Its tap root grows to a depth of 2 m. And the palmate, slightly pubescent leaves form a rosette at the root and are always turned towards the sun. In their appearance, they are somewhat reminiscent of the leaves of a fan palm and therefore are decorative in themselves.
The peduncle grows up to 150 cm. And the dense inflorescence-ear, consisting of moth flowers, resembles colorful candles. This beauty blooms twice (at proper care) at the beginning and end of summer. First, the lower flowers bloom, and then gradually the middle and upper ones. The process of opening flowers begins at sunrise and continues until sunset.
Variegated and shiny seeds are enclosed in a leathery, pubescent bean. This bean is poisonous, and even translated from Latin "lupus" - a wolf, so lupine is popularly called "wolf beans".
In nature, it is widely distributed. And its history goes back over 4 thousand years. It was then that on the territory of the ancient states of Greece, Egypt and Rome they began to cultivate white lupine as a food, fodder and medicinal crop. Later, the Americans cultivated the changeable lupine.
In nature, there are many various kinds lupins (up to 300). Annuals are mostly used for practical purposes in agriculture. For decorative use of greater interest are perennial species.
Annual species:
- Lupine white(Lupinus albus) is a self-pollinating, very unpretentious annual species, as well as in ancient times, it is actively used in agriculture as green manure and fodder crop.
- Lupine yellow(Lupinus luteus) is an annual cross-pollinating species, less hardy, also used as an agricultural crop.
- Lupine angustifolia or blue (Lupinus angustifolius) - self-pollinating early maturing species. Differs in high frost resistance. The flowers are most often blue, but pale purple, pink and white are also found. A very popular fodder crop and excellent green manure.
- Lupine hybrid(Lupinus hybridus) is an unpretentious ornamental annual, diverse in its forms and varieties.
- Lupine pygmy(Lupinus nanus) is a low decorative annual with cobalt blue flowers, the beauty of which is emphasized by yellow and white spots.
- Lupine is changeable(Lupinus mutabilis) - decorative annual, its pale yellow flowers have an upper petal of blue or lilac color, which gradually turns red.
- Lupine Hartweg(Lupinus hartwegii) is an ornamental annual, its variegated flowers tend to change color during flowering. Very decorative.
Make sure it can be beautiful annual lupine: a photo decorative species.
Lupine yellow 
Lupine angustifolia or blue 
Lupine pygmy 
Lupine Hartweg
Perennial species:
- Lupine multifolia(Lupinus polyphyllus) - this species is very unpretentious and decorative. It has many garden forms and hybrid varieties of monophonic and bicolor of various colors. For example, pink-flowered Roseus, Rubinkonig with ruby-purple flowers, orange Apricot, snow-white Albus and others.
Lupines are many-leaved 
I would especially like to note the lupins bred by the talented English breeder George Russell. Lupine many-leaved pink, blue and white forms was taken by him as a basis. And since 1911, Russell has created many beautiful hybrid varieties such as Mein Schloss, Castellan, Splendid, Minaret (undersized), Lulu (early) and others.
Reproduction methods
An annual lupine is always propagated by seeds, and a perennial lupine is always propagated by seeds and vegetatively.
Seeds can be sown directly into the ground both in autumn (at the end of October) and in spring (in April). Autumn sowing is most suitable for varieties that can propagate by self-sowing and are quite frost-resistant. In this case, flowering will begin in August. And the seeds sown in early April will bloom the next year at the end of May.
And after about 20-40 days, when the first strong leaves appear, they are transplanted directly to the flower bed.
The core structure of the lupine root system makes it intolerant of transplants. Therefore, it cannot be propagated by dividing the bush.
The vegetative method of propagation of perennial species involves cuttings. As cuttings in the spring, they take the formed new basal rosettes with growth buds (they are carefully cut from the root collar), and in the summer, young lateral shoots are used for this, which have time to form in the axils of the leaves. They are rooted in a shaded place, adding sand to the soil. After about a month, young plants will take root and they can be transplanted to the chosen place.
Lupine seeds
It should also be taken into account that seed propagation can give splitting, and young plants may turn out different from the parent. hybrid varieties perennial lupins are therefore best propagated vegetatively.
After flowering, withered inflorescences must be cut off. This spoils the appearance, inhibits further flowering and takes extra strength from the plant to form seeds. Therefore, to collect seeds, leave only a few dry inflorescences for ripening. The darkening and dryness of the pod is an indicator of its maturity.
Seed collection is best done in a dry and sunny weather. Remove them from the pod, dry (but not in the sun!) and store in glass jar with a tightly screw cap, in a cloth or paper bag.
Necessary Care
The leaves of lupine and its flowers turn towards the sun even in cloudy weather, so a sunny place should be chosen for planting. In addition, this plant is thermophilic. It is especially undemanding to soils; it grows well on loamy and slightly acidic soils. Due to the peculiarities of the roots, it is drought tolerant and can also grow on sandy soil. The long and powerful tap root goes deep into the soil and finds water there, and it also has the specific feature of accumulating nitrogen in the root nodules and fertilizing itself.
During the first year after planting perennial lupine grows and strengthens. Caring for it comes down to moderate watering, removing weeds and loosening the soil.
In subsequent years, he will need top dressing with potassium-phosphorus fertilizers. If necessary, adjust the acidity of the soil to prevent strong alkalization or acidification.
With age, the root neck of the plant becomes bare, in which case it is necessary to add earth, as if to spud it. After 4-6 years, perennial lupine should be removed and new plants planted.
Tall lupins, especially if they grow in windy places, require a garter to a support. Since under the weight of a large inflorescence they can break. Dry flowers should be constantly cut off, preventing them from forming. This will allow the plant to re-bloom in late summer. In addition, it will protect against unwanted self-seeding.
To prepare perennial lupine for winter, dry and damaged leaves should be removed. Mulch the root circle with some material that does not cause a change in the acidity of the soil. Tree-like and other species with poor frost resistance need to be additionally covered.
Diseases and pests
Lupine is a strong and resistant plant, however, excessive watering and swampy soil can provoke such fungal diseases, like root and gray rot, fusarium wilt, various spotting and others. In the fight against them, preventive treatment of seeds before sowing, compliance with the rules of care is important. For prevention, you can occasionally water lupins with a weak solution of manganese. If you notice symptoms of one of these diseases, then immediately remove the damaged part of the plant and treat it and the soil around it with some kind of fungicide.
Pests such as May beetle larvae, sprout flies and wireworms can infect seeds immediately after planting. And during the period of bud formation, damage to aphid inflorescences can be observed. Insecticides are used to control pests.
Angustifolium lupine and other agricultural uses may be affected by anthracnose. This disease is insidious in that it can acquire a latent form. Etching is recommended for prevention. seed material special chemicals, and at the first signs of the disease - double spraying with fungicides.
Use as a siderata
Even in ancient times, lupine was used as a food and fodder crop. Its fruits contain up to 50% protein and 5 to 20% oil, which in its properties is very close to olive oil. Due to this, fodder lupine is highly valued in animal husbandry and fisheries. In addition, it is widely used in medicine, cosmetology, pharmacology and even cooking.
Lupine is also popular all over the world as green manure - a green eco-friendly fertilizer that enriches the soil with nitrogen and inhibits the growth of weeds. Thanks to its long root, lupine can extract useful substances from the depths and process hard-to-reach soil elements.
In our country, varieties of three such species are used: yellow lupine, white lupine and narrow-leaved lupine. In agriculture, all their varieties are divided into two groups: alkaloid (bitter) - completely going to fertilizers and alkaloid-free (sweet) - the green part of which goes to feed livestock, and the underground part - to fertilizers.
Lupine yellow 
Lupine white
One of the best green manure is narrow-leaved lupine. It enriches the soil not only with nitrogen, but also with calcium, potassium, phosphorus and other elements. It also improves their structure and soil fertility.
However, this flower also has a drawback. The presence of a large number of alkaloids in its green mass can affect taste qualities products grown on fertilized land. Smallest number alkaloids have yellow and white species. And the most alkaloid is narrow-leaved.
Lupine is sown as green manure in different dates(depending on variety). So, yellow and narrow-leaved - sown in the spring and at the very beginning of summer, and white can be sown right up to the fall. Before planting, the soil must be loosened and the seeds sown in rows, deepening by about 3 cm. The distance between rows is 15-20 cm, and it should be 5-15 cm between plants. It is important to ensure that the crops are well watered.
The plant is cut with a flat cutter approximately 56 days after sowing. It is very important to cut at the right time: when there are already buds, but before they acquire color.
It should be noted that the humification process occurs with a large amount of moisture.
In order to choose the right siderate lupine for your site, consider some of their features. The most tolerant of sandy soil is yellow lupine. White lupine is the only species that grows on carbonate soils. And narrow-leaved lupine does not like strong compaction of the soil and the formation of a crust on the surface.
Please note that when growing as green manure, it is the annual species that is used.
Place in landscape design
AT landscape design prefer to use perennial lupine. Since it does not require sowing every year and has large quantity beautiful hybrid varieties.
Group plantings of this plant are very effective. They are incredibly beautiful in a group during flowering, and after it a large number of original leaves retains further decorative planting.
You can often find perennial lupine in mixborders, as it goes well with other perennials. This is a wonderful plant for the middle tier. When the lupine blooms flowering plants the lower tier support the decorativeness of its leaves. It looks interesting and original on narrow discounts.
A special friendship leads perennial lupine with peonies. Neighborhood with plants that have large roots is undesirable for peonies. However, with lupine, they wonderfully complement each other aesthetically and biologically. Lupine, as it were, feeds peonies, and they look great side by side in a flower bed. In the early years, the bushes of young peonies look modest, so a multi-leaf lupine planted side by side will add decorativeness to the composition and cover empty spaces.
It is very important that after peonies, other flowers grow extremely poorly in this place. This is due to the fact that peonies deplete the earth, and they also release a specific substance into the soil that inhibits other flowering plants. In order not to have to change the soil in the flower bed, it is enough to sow annual lupine there for one or two years, and the toxins will be neutralized.
In addition to peonies, multi-leaved lupine goes well with astilbes and hostas, as well as such favorite flowering perennials like irises, garden chamomile, delphiniums, lilies. Originally complement each other large flower ears of lupine and small inflorescences of speedwell spike. A delightful contrasting composition is formed by large orange escholcia with cobalt blue undersized lupins.
Admire the lupins, photos of beautiful landscape compositions with his participation.
Lupine is very diverse and beautiful, planting and caring for it are quite simple. And the combination of a delightful flower and environmentally friendly fertilizer in one person makes it simply indispensable for the garden. By planting this flower on your site, you will get great aesthetic pleasure, as well as a reliable assistant.