How to properly cultivate peppers in the open field and create care? Bell peppers are a southern crop and require warmth and humidity. V middle lane Peppers in open soil are grown through seedlings and through greenhouses. In order to grow the desired crop harvest, special care is needed.
Pepper grows well in the open field of the middle lane
Soil preparation
Growing pepper in the open field requires proper preparation of the land.
Outdoor sweet peppers grow better in places with a mild climate and in an area where there is more sun and less wind. To protect from the wind, they make a shield from plants or erect a wattle fence.
To grow peppers in an open area, it is important to understand after which crops it is more effective to grow peppers.
Planting peppers is best done in the place where cabbage, pumpkin, cucumbers, legumes, table roots grew. In places with a previous harvest of tomato, eggplant, potatoes, planting peppers for three years is not recommended, since diseases of these vegetables spread through the ground.
The soil allocated for the pepper should be fertile and retain moisture. They begin to prepare the ground in the fall. Harvesting in the fall, you need to carefully collect the remnants of the previous crop and dig up the ground. They also fertilize the soil, enriching the following substances (per 1 square meter):
- superphosphate in a volume of 30-50 g;
- wood ash - 50-80 g;
- humus - from 5 to 10 kg.
In places where fertilized with fresh manure, plant Bell pepper it is impossible, since there is no need for organic fresh feeding. Excessive nitrogen in the soil causes the active growth of the vegetative parts of the pepper, and the ovary is so poorly preserved, which affects the yield.
In the fall, the place where they plan to place the pepper is dug deeply. In the spring, the soil is loosened and fed with fertilizers with phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen. The earth is slightly dug up and leveled before planting seedlings.
Pumpkin is a great precursor for pepper
How to properly plant seedlings?
Before planting, it is important to water the seedlings well so that the pepper does not wilt. Withered pepper does not take root well, its growth is delayed, which leads to the dropping of the first buds. So early harvest is lost.
If the weather is hot, it is best to plant in the evening. In gloomy weather, morning disembarkation is recommended.
Prepare holes for planting and pour water over. It is recommended to pour up to two liters of water (at least a liter) into each hole, which should be heated in the sun. The seedlings are planted deeper than they were planted in pots, like seedlings. On a stalk covered with earth, adventitious roots capable of feeding the plant.
Planting pepper seedlings in the holes, while ensuring sufficient watering
How to water bell peppers properly?
Sweet pepper seedlings require special care.
In order for the seedling to take root faster, it is necessary to water the root every 2-3 days. For one seedling, 1-2 liters of water are consumed. If the weather is hot, water it every day. Seven days later, the seedlings are checked and where the pepper has died, a new sprout is planted from the reserve. Reduce the amount of watering. This is called "thin" watering. It is important not to harm the plants with abundant watering. How to determine the water requirement of a vegetable? If the plant darkens, this is a sign that water is needed. Prolonged wilting of the plant should not be allowed. If the leaves are withered in the heat, this is not a reason for watering.
When the fruits ripen, watering is done once every 5-6 days. In the heat, watered in the morning or evening.
Watering young peppers should be regular
When to loosen the soil?
Sweet peppers grow comfortably in loosened ground. It should not be brought to the appearance of an earthen crust.
What is the use of loosening the soil?
- Air flow to the root is improved.
- The plant grows faster.
- The functioning of microorganisms is stimulated.
By weeding the ground, weeds are being fought.
You should be aware of the slow growth of pepper in the first 10-14 days, because the rhizome is strengthened and the soil does not need to be loosened.
The first loosening of the earth is done after the first "thin" watering. The root system is in the upper ball of the earth, so the loosening will be shallow, at a level of 5-10 cm.
If the soil is heavy, the first time it is allowed to loosen the soil deeper, destroying the soil crust. This way the soil warms up and ventilates better.
Hilling is carried out during flowering.
Loosening the soil around the peppers should be done regularly.
Feeding
Pepper care will not bring the desired harvest if not fed.
Seedlings are well fertilized with nettle dressing. To do this, combine nettle with water, in a ratio of 1:10 and insist for two days. Last time feed the seedlings 2 days before planting, increasing the dosage of fertilizers with potassium (7 g per 1 liter of liquid).
At least three dressings are done per season. The first time during the first plowing (after disembarkation in two weeks). Fertilize with slurry from manure, poultry droppings, mixing with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers or wood ash.
Manure is diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 4, bird droppings are diluted 1:10. It is good to alternate the chicken afterbirth with nitrophos (1 tablespoon per bucket of liquid).
It is effective to add 40-60 g of superphosphate and potassium chloride to a solution of organic fertilizers (manure, droppings) up to 20 g or wood ash in the amount of 150-200 g.
Mineral fertilizers are also used. To do this, add the following substances to 10 liters of water:
- ammonium nitrate - 15-20 g;
- superphosphate - 40-60 g;
- potassium chloride - 15-20 g.
This top dressing is used for 8-10 seedlings.
During the formation of fruits, the need for pepper nutrition increases. At this stage, the third feeding is carried out. And the second time they are fed at the beginning of fruiting, with an increase in the dose of ammonium nitrate.
If the fruits of the culture ripen small, they are fed for the fourth time.
It is important to know that when caring for peppers, they use fertilizing without chlorine or with a very small percentage. Pepper does not tolerate chlorine. But there is a good substitute for potassium chloride - this is ash from a tree.
Superphosphate is one of the main fertilizers for pepper
How to protect peppers from frost?
Having planted pepper, you need to know how to protect the crop from frost and damage. Caring for the culture at the time of frost, forcing ingenuity.
Tents are built from scrap materials (pieces of wood, cardboard, fabric, etc.). They are taken in the evening and removed in the morning. But when the cold snap lasts a long time, it is advisable to use a film.
Flowers and ovary fall off often. All because of the unfavorable temperature conditions for the vegetable (low or very high temperature). Growth stops at + 8-10 degrees. But if there is a heat of 30-35 degrees for several days, the buds also fall off.
The consequence of untimely watering is a lack of moisture. Dry soil also reduces crop growth.
Pepper cannot be shaded. In low light, especially during a cold snap, flowers and ovary also fall off.
Bell pepper flowers may fall off due to lack of sunshine
Features of the care of bell peppers
There are some subtleties of caring for peppers, in order to better yield:
- It is imperative to pinch the pepper - removing the side and bottom stepsons. But in hot and dry weather, pinching is not recommended. Leaves protect the soil from evaporation. Professionals suggest, in order to increase the yield, to cut off the central flower, which has grown from the first branch.
- During the growing season, long shoots are cut off somewhat so that there is no shading of other branches.
- Remove plant branches below the main branch and internal branches. Pruning is carried out every 10 days.
- Pollinating insects are useful for sweet peppers. They are attracted by spraying the plant, during the flowering period with a solution of sugar (100 g of sugar and 2 g of boric acid are diluted in 1 liter of hot water).
- Applying mulching of peppers with rotted straw (up to 10 cm of a layer), the frequency of watering will decrease.
- When leaving, it is important to tie up the crop immediately after hilling and mulching.
Mulching Pepper Helps Reduce Watering Frequency
Pest control
Pepper is sensitive to diseases, therefore it requires special care.
But most pepper suffers from pests (scoop, whitefly, aphid, Colorado potato beetle, bear, slugs).
So that the plant is not damaged, pollination is carried out with wood ash (three times per season). To fight aphids, you can use a solution of serum with water (0.5 liters of serum per bucket of liquid). And sprinkle the leaves with wood ash on top.
With all the tips in mind, you can grow a great sweet pepper crop.
belongs to the most common vegetables among domestic gardeners. It is actively planted both in open ground and in greenhouses. Caring for him cannot be called scrupulous, however, some basic principles and agrotechnical features still need to be considered in more detail. By being ready for the process of growing bell peppers at home, you can achieve visible results.
Land preparation
Very often it is the choice of the optimal land plot for planting bell peppers becomes a whole problem. Many farmers believe that a vegetable garden is also suitable for this purpose: the land is regularly fertilized, while it is rather loose. However, there is one significant drawback. As a rule, a vegetable garden is an open area, there are constantly blowing winds, and there is no way to protect the plants from it. These conditions are not considered optimal in the case of bell peppers. So try to plant this vegetable crops in a place protected from strong drafts. It is also very important that it is well lit. 
Before planting bell peppers in the open field, you should carry out some soil preparation procedures. What exactly does the farmer need to do:
It is recommended that you pay attention to one more nuance before you finally plant a pepper in your garden. Let's say you want to breed several varieties of pepper at once. In this case, it is better to plant the sprouts away from each other. The thing is that this crop can get dusty during the ripening process. There is a risk that you will not get the result you expected. However, there is a way out of the situation. Divide your home plantation of several varieties of peppers with taller plants (corn, tomatoes, or sunflowers). So you can do without special efforts grow several varieties of bell peppers in the garden at once.
Video "Growing and caring for pepper"
From the video you will learn how to properly grow and care for peppers.
Top dressing of seedlings
It is necessary to feed the pepper, but you need to clearly understand what kind of soil you are dealing with. Your choice of fertilizers should also depend on its features. Let's say you decide to plant a pepper in a greenhouse and take in the usual garden land. In this case, be prepared for the fact that it will be necessary to recharge the soil every 10 days. If you approached this issue more thoroughly, using a specially prepared earthen mixture for planting bell pepper seedlings in it, it will be enough in the future to carry out no more than three stages of fertilization. 
How do experienced gardeners-gardeners get out of the situation?
Many people prefer exclusively natural feeding. Shallow trenches are dug between the rows of seedlings, into which manure or bird droppings are poured. When can this kind of procedure be carried out? It is advisable to do this after 2-3 leaves bloom on the sprouts. When the seedlings of bell pepper grows noticeably, it must be dived, and after that the next stage of fertilizing the soil is carried out. You can use both special complex mixtures and dry ash or compost tea.
Top dressing after planting
You can endlessly determine with the best place for planting bell peppers. But your efforts to grow a bountiful harvest of peppers shouldn't end there. Special attention it is worth paying regular soil replenishment mineral fertilizers... Moreover, this must be done not once, but during the development of the plant, ripening the fruits. What kind of fertilizers are suitable for bell pepper, and in what proportions should they be added to the soil? 
Among the variety of modern fertilizers, urea and phosphates are most distinguished for this agriculture. But that's not all.
Today, many summer residents use potash and phosphorus fertilizers for feeding, as well as folk remedies (cow dung or bird droppings). It is best to feed the pepper with natural mixtures.
For example, cow dung is recommended to be diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10. As for poultry droppings, the proportions here are 1:12. These types of dressings are considered the most versatile for bell peppers. 
If you prefer to feed a vegetable plant as a preventive measure for diseases and in order to strengthen the vegetative part of agriculture, you can safely use universal fertilizers. However, if for some reason you did not feed the soil in advance, or did so, but noticed certain deterioration in appearance bell pepper seedlings, you must act immediately. First, identify the problem and then quickly fix it. For example, if your plant is not saturated with nitrogen enough, the vegetative mass will begin to turn yellow over time. In the case when burns appear on the edges of the leaves of seedlings, the cause is in most cases a deficiency of potassium in the soil. It happens that the bell pepper bushes acquire a purple hue: this means that it is necessary to apply phosphorus fertilizers to the substrate.
Stimulation of fruiting
In order to prevent the occurrence of such problems, it is worth supporting the seedlings at all stages of their development. For this, there are universal natural fertilizers, among which nettle tea stands out. How to cook it? It is necessary to grind the stems of this plant, and then fill them with some barrel or container (about 2/3). The greens are filled with water. It is advisable to leave the resulting mixture in a dark place for effective fermentation. At the end of the process, and it will take about a week, the solution is used to fertilize the soil, before diluting it with water in a ratio of 1:10. If you wish, you can feed the soil to obtain a more generous yield of bell pepper using a high concentration of nettle solution. To do this, you need to add dandelion, woodlice, plantain and other herbal plants to it. 
Stimulating fruiting is a good thing, however, it is undesirable to overdo it with it. With excessively large amounts of fertilizer and too frequent fertilizing, the branchy part of the bell pepper can become stiff. In addition, sometimes you can get the opposite result: when the soil is oversaturated with fertilizers, the fruits grow almost empty inside, falling long before the end of the ripening period.
Watering features
Outdoor varieties of bell peppers do not require too much maintenance. However, with regard to moisturizing, oversights in this matter are unacceptable, as they can cost you dearly. Interestingly, it is recommended to water the pepper seedlings regularly, it is impossible for the soil to dry out. But it is also not worth breeding excessive dampness. 
What rules should be followed regarding watering pepper:
- after planting seedlings in open ground it is undesirable to water it immediately. It is necessary to give her a few days to adapt and only after that carry out the first phase of watering. Next, try to comply with the established intervals, until the moment when the seedlings begin to actively sprout;
- as soon as the sprouts are green, it is recommended to water them daily;
- be sure to use warm and previously settled water for irrigation - non-observance such recommendations fraught with the occurrence of diseases in the plant;
- it is important that water does not fall directly on the leaves of the pepper;
- drainage must be present at the bottom of the seedling container. Thus, excess moisture will evaporate in a timely manner.
Video "Growing pepper in a greenhouse"
From the video you will learn how to effectively grow peppers in a greenhouse.
Bell pepper also called sweet, it is rich in nutrients and vitamins, in various colors, juicy and tasty.
Process growing sweet peppers has its own characteristics, as pepper is a heat-loving vegetable. To get a good harvest of peppers, you need to have knowledge and certain skills.
Consider cultivation of bell peppers from seeds, from seedlings, especially care when growing in open ground, pest and disease control, when harvesting.
Content:
- Video - Peppers, the secret of a rich harvest
- Video - HOW CORRECTLY TO FORM A PEPPER !!! CARE AND FEEDING !!!
Pepper pruning
Pests and diseases of bell pepper
Harvesting bell pepper
- Video - 10 ERRORS when growing sweet peppers
Pepper is a plant of short daylight hours, and if the daylight hours are less than 12 hours, the pepper begins to bear fruit earlier.
Planting pepper seeds in open ground is impractical even in the southern regions, because it is necessary to wait until the soil warms up, the pepper will begin to bear fruit later and not for long. Therefore, mainly sweet peppers are grown in seedlings.
Growing bell pepper seedlings
When growing seedlings at home, pepper seeds are sown in February, so that the plants are 90-100 days before transplanting into the ground. Pepper does not tolerate diving well, so try to immediately sow seeds in separate peat pots with a diameter of 8-10 cm.
There is no need to use large pots due to the slow development of the root system of the peppers.
Seedling soil
A light and loose substrate consisting of humus mixed with 1 part earth and 1 part sand is suitable. Add 1 tbsp for 1 kg of substrate. l. wood ash.
Before sowing, process the pepper seeds - keep the seeds in hot water + 50 degrees for 5 hours. Then place the seeds in wet cloth for germination for 2-3 days, the room temperature should be + 20 degrees. After such seedbed preparation, seedlings appear the very next day after sowing.
Seeds sown in cups, water and cover plastic wrap or glass. Until the emergence of shoots, keep the pots in a warm place with a temperature of + 22 degrees. After the emergence of seedlings, remove the film and transfer the seedlings to a room with a temperature of 26-28 degrees during the day and 10-15 degrees at night.
When caring for the seedlings of peppers, do not allow the soil to dry out, but we do not recommend excessive watering.
Watering with warm water +30 degrees, from cold water will increase frail seedlings, the plants can get sick. The indoor air should not be too dry, protect the plants from drafts and spray the plants.
In winter in February, the seedlings require additional lighting so that the daylight hours are from 7 am to 9 pm.
First feeding carried out in the phase of appearance of 2 true leaves with the following solution: dilute 5 g of ammonium nitrate, 10 g in 10 liters of water potash fertilizers, 30 g superphosphate.
Second feeding carried out 14 days after the first mineral fertilizers in 2 times greater proportion than the first.
Third feeding carried out 2 days before planting seedlings in the ground. The dose of potassium fertilizers in the solution is increased to 70 g per 10 liters of water.
A few weeks before planting pepper seedlings, the plants are hardened by Fresh air for a few hours. Make sure that the air temperature is not lower than +13 degrees, the seedlings may die.
Choosing a place for planting bell peppers
Pick up a plot in the garden where cucumbers, onions, pumpkins, carrots, cabbage, zucchini, and various siderates grew before. Pepper does not grow well and bear fruit if planted on a site where potatoes, eggplants, tomatoes, peppers had previously grown.
Pepper grows best on light soils. Prepare the site for planting in advance, in the fall add 50 g of phosphorus and potash fertilizers per m2, dig deep. In the spring, add 40 g of ammonium nitrate per m2 of the plot to the topsoil.
Before planting seedlings in open ground, disinfect the soil with such a solution: dilute 1 tbsp of water in 10 liters of water copper sulfate.
At the end of May, pepper seedlings are planted in open ground with a distance of 40x40 cm between plants. Seedlings are planted in a film greenhouse at the end of April.
Seedlings should be planted at the same depth as the plants grew in cups or boxes. Do not expose the roots, but also try not to drop in the root collar.
Pepper doesn't like cold soil, arrange for pepper high beds raised by 25 cm to get a good harvest of peppers.
Attention: peppers are susceptible to over-pollination, so plant different varieties of peppers as far apart as possible or separate them using tall plantings of tomatoes, corn, sunflowers.
Video - Peppers, the secret of a rich harvest
Outdoor Pepper Care
It is necessary to carry out watering, fertilizing, garter and weeding of pepper plantings in a timely manner.
Top dressing of peppers in the open field
During the season, it is necessary to carry out 3-4 feeding with chicken manure diluted with water 1 x 10. Alternate such feeding with foliar, using spraying with nitrophos (1 tbsp. L. Per 10 l. Water).
Lack of potassium will lead to curling leaves, the appearance of a drying border. But peppers do not tolerate an abundance of potassium chloride.
At lack of nitrogen pepper leaves become smaller, acquire a matte grayish tint. If there is an excess of nitrogen, flowers and ovaries are shed.
Lack of phosphorus- the leaves on the lower side become deep purple, nestle against the plant stem and rise up.
At lack of magnesium leaves become marbled in color.
Video - HOW CORRECTLY TO FORM A PEPPER !!! CARE AND FEEDING !!!
Pepper care
Pinch in hot and humid weather by removing side shoots, especially the lower ones. Conversely, when hot and dry weather is not peppers, the leaves during this period protect the plants from evaporation of soil moisture.
Pepper pruning
During the growing season, the longest shoots are pruned, especially all shoots below the fork of the main stem are removed, as well as all branches that go inside the plant. Prune every 10 days and after harvest.
To attract pollinating insects, spray the pepper plantings with a sugar or honey solution: 100 g of sugar, add 2 g of boric acid, dilute everything in a liter of hot water.
Mulching the pepper with rotted straw (10 cm layer) will reduce the frequency of watering to 1 time in 10 days.
Timely carry out the garter of the plants, it is better to do this after hilling.
Pepper pests and diseases
Pests such as slugs, scoops, aphids, whitefly, bear and Colorado potato beetle can harm plants. It is necessary to pollinate the pepper with wood ash 3 times per season.
Common Bell Pepper Diseases- late blight, Septoriasis, macrosporiosis, apical rot, white rot, black leg.
In the fight against the bear, before landing in the ground, fill the planting holes with onion water (500 g onion peel insist in 10 liters of water for 3 days).
If aphids are damaged, treat the plants with a solution: dilute 1.5 liters of milk whey in 10 liters of water. After processing, shake with ash.
Harvesting bell pepper
When the peppers are maturing in size and color, start harvesting by cutting off the stalked vegetables. Pepper ripening begins in early August and continues until the first frost.
Video - 10 ERRORS when growing sweet peppers
Big harvests of sweet pepper!
For getting good harvest bell pepper, it is important to create the necessary conditions for it. High humidity and an increased temperature are those indicators that have a positive effect on this vegetable. But such a plant can be grown not only in warm regions. It is often found in vegetable growers' beds. In order for the pepper to yield a crop, it is important to know how to plant peppers in open ground, what to put in the holes, as well as what should be the distance when planting peppers in open ground, and how to properly care for bell peppers in open ground.
Seed handling technique
Outdoor cultivation of bell peppers begins with correct preparation seeds. The technology for preparing the bushes for planting consists in calculating the timing, because the sowing should be carried out so that by the required date the pepper is ready for planting in the ground.
There are several seed treatment techniques for successful conservation and improvement. planting material... With their help, you can increase guarantees for a successful harvest.
Interesting! If the seed is left untreated, the seeds will sprout fourteen days after planting. When processing, the result will be visible on the third day.
First of all, it is necessary to determine which of the seeds are healthy. To do this, they must be filled with a 3% solution of baking soda and water at room temperature. Healthy seeds will remain at the bottom of the pot in five minutes, while empty and unsuitable for planting will float to the surface. After the check, the seed is rinsed out of salt and prepared for processing.
The seed is disinfected using various solutions... These can be Albit, Fitosporin, Alirin-B, or Trichodermin. You can use and grandma's recipe and process the swollen pepper seeds with a solution of potassium permanganate. 30 minutes will be enough for the treatment to give a result.
Such preparations as Ecogel, Novosil or Epin increase the immunity of the plant and accelerate its growth. They are applied according to the instructions attached to them. To improve the effect, such drugs can be used after the ascent of the sprouts.
In order to make the seeds strong and strong, special fertilizers are used that strengthen the seeds. To do this, it is enough to soak the seeds in diluted fertilizer for 12 hours.
Growing pepper seedlings
Seedlings are grown in the ground three months after sowing the seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare since February. It is important to do everything necessary procedures before proceeding with seed sowing. First of all, it is necessary to process and disinfect the seeds. Then they are hardened and soaked. After that, they are ready to disembark.
Sowing seeds
In order for the pepper to grow faster, you must first wrap the seeds in a damp cloth and hide in warm place for two days. After that, you can plant them in pre-prepared soil (in boxes, pots or other containers). The distance between the peppers when planting in the ground should be 1.5 cm, after which the container is covered with glass or plastic wrap until the seedlings ascend.
Important! For planting bell peppers, you need a light soil, which consists of sand, black soil and humus. Water the seedlings with water, which is infused for one day.
It is important to regularly apply fertilizers of organic and mineral origin to the soil. The first feeding occurs after the first leaves on the seedlings bloom.
Growing pepper seedlings
You can prepare soil at home using the following components:
- sod land;
- peat;
- humus;
- sawdust.
All components are mixed in a 2: 4: 1: 1 ratio. Then ash and sand are added to the formed soil, adhering to the following dosages: three tablespoons of ash and 0.5 l per bucket river sand... The resulting consistency is poured with potassium permanganate.
There are two ways to grow bell peppers:
Using a pick
It is important to carry out a pick on time so that the plant takes root better. As soon as the seeds germinate, the grower counts 20 days and makes a pick. Since the root of the pepper is poorly restored, it is not touched, but other parts of the plant are used.
Without using a pick
This technique is more common. It is only necessary to move the seedlings from a smaller container to a larger one. Then the root system does not touch and the plant takes root faster.
Growing pepper on a windowsill
When growing bell pepper on a windowsill, you need to know a few subtleties and nuances. First of all, you need to choose the right time for planting the seeds. Since bell pepper at home often lacks heat and sufficient moisture, it will sprout longer than the allotted time. Therefore, it is recommended to plant seeds in late February - early March.
For the plant to grow normally, it needs to be provided with 12 hours of light. To do this, it is enough to keep the windows constantly clean, since dirty windows take away some of the light.
Don't forget about indoor humidity. For bell peppers, it should be 70%. For this, a humidifier is installed in the room. Of course, you can spray plants with a spray bottle, but a humidifier will be more rational and safe.
For planting seeds, two-hundred-gram cups are used, which are replaced by liter ones after one month has passed after planting.
Bell peppers, outdoor cultivation and care
The technology for growing peppers outdoors is similar to growing tomatoes. It is important to water the plant on time, feed, shape, and, if necessary, remove stepchildren. Do not forget about protection against various pests and disease.
It is necessary to water sweet peppers as soon as they are planted in open ground, then after five days. After each watering, it is necessary to loosen the soil so that there is no hardened soil. Plant feeding is carried out three times per season. For this, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus are used.
Don't forget about heat protection. To prevent pollen from losing its ability, it is necessary to make screens that will darken the plant.
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Bell pepper growing in a barrel
You can also grow a culture in a barrel. To do this, you need to take the barrel and remove the bottom from it. In order for oxygen to enter the barrel, holes must be made in its walls, 1 cm in diameter at a distance of 20 cm from each other.
Then the following components are laid out in layers: faded away (layer thickness 10 cm), soil mixture (turf and ordinary soil, compost).
In early May, one pepper bush is planted and covered with a film. After three hours, cut off all the lower leaves and cover the plant 10 cm with soil mixture. After the plant grows up, repeat the procedure. Do this until the barrel is completely filled with earth (this will be the beginning of June). Then the barrel can no longer be covered with foil.
Features of agricultural technology
The agricultural technology for growing sweet peppers in the open field consists of the following processes:
- Irrigation. It is necessary to water the seedlings with settled water every day. You need to be careful not to overdo it with water.
- Prevention. Spray the plants periodically with a spray bottle to maintain moisture.
- Temperature. It should not exceed 22 ° С during the daytime and 15 ° С at night.
- Top dressing. To increase the immunity of pepper, it is necessary to feed it with minerals.
The principles of growing on the site
Bell peppers are a plant that requires care and attention. Therefore, an experienced gardener prepares everything in advance. necessary tools to care for him. Outdoor maintenance for sweet peppers consists of the following steps:
- preparation of seedlings;
- planting a plant in the ground;
- watering;
- feeding.
Preparing bushes
Before planting seedlings in open ground, they must be hardened. For this, the plant periodically needs to be exposed to the sun for adaptation. This will make the pepper weather resistant and strong. Hardening begins two weeks before disembarkation.
The process of planting plants in open soil
To get a good harvest of pepper, you need to choose the right place for the beds. This area should not be in direct winds, be sunny and protected from drafts. It is important to prepare from autumn required area for planting, after digging it up and fertilizing it. It is necessary to plant bell peppers in open ground by impregnating the soil with potash and phosphorus substances.
When planting, it is important to remember that bell peppers do not like direct sunlight and too hot air. Therefore, care must be taken to keep the seedlings in the shade.
Depending on which variety is planted, a scheme for planting bell peppers in open ground is being developed. The holes should be at a distance of 35 cm from each other, and 45 cm between the rows.If planting peppers in the ground in two pieces, then the distance increases to 60 cm.
There is also a square-nest method of planting pepper. Its essence is that each hole has the same sides, which do not exceed 60 cm.
Peppers are transplanted into the ground in late spring or early June, depending on weather conditions. It is recommended to do this on a cloudy day or in the late afternoon, so that there are no direct rays of the sun on the ground.
Planting pepper in open ground begins with the fact that the seedlings are first watered and carefully, without damaging the root of the plant, removed from the container along with a lump of soil. In this case, it is important to know at what depth it is necessary to plant pepper seedlings in the hole. The stem of the plant is placed under the ground up to its first lower leaves. After the planting of sweet pepper in the open ground has been completed, it is recommended to insert pegs next to it, to which it will be tied in the future.
Watering features
Bell peppers do not require regular watering and moisture in the open field. Initially, it must be watered during planting, then after 5 days, and then watered once a week. About one pepper bush will need one liter of water.
During flowering, water for irrigation should be around 20 ° C. Do not forget, after each watering, loosen the ground around the bush so that a crust does not form. To keep moisture longer, bell peppers are advised to mulch. Outdoor mulching of peppers is done with re-matured straw or grass.
Top dressing of pepper
It is necessary to fertilize the soil three times during the whole season. In order for plants to develop and grow normally, they need nitrogen. Therefore, the first feeding are preparations with nitrogen content. It is done after 2 weeks after planting the bushes in the ground.
The next feeding is carried out during the flowering period of the pepper. The plant needs potassium to form fruit. It is contained in wood ash... And the last feeding occurs when the first fruit is formed. For this, potassium salt and superphosphate are used. Two teaspoons of each component are added to a bucket of water and the plants are watered with the resulting solution.
Potential diseases and pests and their control
The following pests can often be observed on pepper:
- slugs;
- Colorado beetle;
- whitefly;
- bear.
These pests are collected by hand, and a solution of wood ash is used for aphids.
The most popular diseases are:
- Yellowing of the leaves. This means that the pepper is deficient in nitrogen. For treatment, it is necessary to add 1 teaspoon of urea to 10 liters of water and spray the bushes with the resulting solution.
- Falling ovaries. A boric acid solution will solve the problem (1 spoon in a bucket of water).
- Fruits develop poorly. It is treated with superphosphate or wood ash.
- Blackleg. Arises from an excess of moisture.
Growing greenhouse peppers
Planting a culture in open ground under a film is considered the most convenient, as it brings the culture closer to normal conditions. The seedlings can be planted in the greenhouse in April. To do this, holes are made in the greenhouse, keeping the correct distance.
It is important to fertilize the hole before planting seedlings. For this, a solution based on chicken manure or manure is perfect (for 10 liters of water, half a glass of fertilizer). After planting, the bushes are watered, taking into account 1 liter per one bush. And to support the plant, you can make a support from the pegs, so that later you can tie the pepper to it.
Collection and storage
Bell peppers are harvested as the fruit ripens. Some growers can pick unripe fruits to relieve weight from the bush. This vegetable is used in many recipes fried, stewed, or baked. The fruits can be peeled and frozen or preserved.
In order to get fresh peppers before December, you can flowering bush transplant together with the earth into any container and leave on the windowsill in the house.
Today there are more than 2 thousand varieties of peppers. It is believed that the cultivation of a sweet variety of this crop, called "bell pepper", came to us from Central America. Over time, he came to our area, and took root, despite the capriciousness and warmth. Next, we will tell you more about bell peppers, growing and caring for this plant.
Bell pepper has a lot of advantages, not only visual, but also gustatory. In addition, it contains many different vitamins - more than some fruits and vegetables. Since this thermophilic culture came to us from the south, we will have to try very hard to end up with a good harvest. Peppers prefer warm weather. Therefore, in our latitudes, it is usually grown in greenhouses. Interesting fact: if the daylight hours lasts less than 12 hours, then bell peppers begin to bear fruit earlier. In addition, a more stable harvest is obtained under these conditions. There are other subtleties of growing bell pepper. Differences different varieties of this culture are not only in the color of the fruit, but also in their shape. So, peppers can grow curved, in the form of a ball, prism or cube. There are also varieties with a wide or elongated cone-like shape. As for their mass, depending on the variety, it varies from 10 to 180 g. The possible length of the fruit is from 8 to 280 mm. Depending on the maturity and type, the color of the fruits of this plant is also very diverse. So, peppers of different varieties can be both light green and purple. The ripe ones usually have red, yellow, or even Brown color peels. Pepper varieties
Of the sharp varieties of this plant, the most popular today are "Astrakhan" and "Elephant trunk". Both of these species are mid-season. The first one has small elongated fruits in the form of a cone with coarse and sharp pulp. The second bears fruit with prism-shaped peppers. As for the sweet varieties of this culture, they are more popular with gardeners. Let's take a look at some of the most popular ones. Varieties that ripen early:
Varieties that ripen at a later date:
How to grow bell pepper seedlings
In the absence of a greenhouse, it is best to start sowing bell pepper seeds in February. This time is enough for the plants to prepare for planting in May. To do this, they must be between 90 and 95 days old. Disembarkation stages:
Frequent watering of peppers is useless. However, drying out of the soil is also unacceptable. The water temperature for irrigation should be around 30 degrees. If the water is cold, the plants may die. In addition, the air in the room in which the peppers are grown should not be too dry. To do this, it must be periodically boiled, and the plants themselves must be sprayed. Moreover, a draft should be avoided, which is harmful to plants.
Peppers need full lighting after germination. If there is not enough sunlight for the plants from 7 am to 8 pm, then you need to provide the seedlings with additional lighting for this period. Hardening peppersBefore planting seedlings in the ground, they must be prepared by hardening. For this plant, it is recommended to periodically take it out into fresh air. First for a few minutes. Then the time increases. This will prepare the sprouts for various climatic conditions - sunlight, low temperatures, precipitation, and wind. During hardening, the plant should not be outdoors in case of frost or when the temperature drops below 12 degrees. How to plant bell peppers in the ground
It is believed that peppers will take root well if they are planted in soil where crops such as cucumbers, onions, cabbage, celery, pumpkin, marjoram, carrots and zucchini have previously grown. The opposite situation will be if the selected place was previously grown - tomato, potato, eggplant or physalis. Seedlings of bell peppers can be planted in greenhouse beds only if they have at least 13 leaves, and buds have already begun to develop in the axils. Healthy shoots are usually equipped with a thick stem that reaches 240 mm in height. If there is no heating in the greenhouse, then pepper seedlings should be planted in it only when the soil temperature is at least 16 degrees. Most often this happens no earlier than May 15th. The seedlings themselves should be at least 60 days old. As for the soil, it is advisable to use light soil types for growing peppers. Moreover, the land for planting is best prepared in advance. To do this, it is recommended to make a year before disembarkation organic fertilizers in the amount of 5 kg per 1 sq. meter. In autumn, the soil should be dug deeply, while adding 55 g of potash and phosphorus fertilizers. At the onset of spring, fertilizers should also be poured, namely, it is required to apply ammonium nitrate in an amount of 45 g. Approximately 5 days before the peppers are transplanted into the ground, the soil should be treated with agents that protect against infection. This can be done with a solution of copper sulfate. Enough 1 tbsp. l. funds for 1 bucket of water. Planting peppers in the ground is usually carried out from late May to mid-June. At the same time, a distance of at least 450 mm is observed between the seedlings. The depth of the hole for the plant should be about the same as it grew in the box. Moreover, before planting a hole, you should water it with 2 liters of water. It is not necessary to add the basal neck. Seedlings of bell peppers can be planted in a film greenhouse already in early April, and in tunnel shelters only in last days May. In any case, the soil in which it is supposed to be planted should not be cold. To improve the yield, it is recommended to raise the beds to a height of 250-500 mm. The beds for planting peppers should be at least 1 m wide. There should be a distance of about 0.7 m between the rows. The planting density of seedlings largely depends on the characteristics of a particular variety. So, for example, for peppers of medium size, there should be a distance of about 250 mm between seedlings in one row. For hybrids and tall crops - 370 mm. For low-growing varieties of bell peppers, the distance between plants in one row should be only about 150 mm. Thus, in the latter case, 1 sq. M. fits 10 plants. When the peppers are already in the soil, the soil should be well compacted and then mulched with humus or peat. Plant care
Peppers, like tomatoes, need a lot of heat and moisture. Therefore, it is best to grow this crop in a greenhouse. Timely watering is also very important. With a lack of moisture on the fruits of bell peppers, brown spots are quickly formed, which can later develop into gray rot. In addition, maintaining a constant temperature is very important for a good harvest. Temperature changes, especially sharp ones, are very destructive for this culture. When growing bell peppers in a greenhouse, aphids and spider mites... These small arthropods love to feast on ripe fruits. To cope with them, they stock up on karbofos or keltan. In the process of growing medium-sized peppers in unheated greenhouses, you only need to remove the resulting shoots. It is also advisable to remove the seedlings in the middle of the plant and the leaves on the trunk. Some modern hybrid species of this culture should also be tied up in time. Forming is not required for them. Tall varieties should be tied up, choosing for this the two most powerful shoots. At the same time, it is advisable to leave a couple more for the first fees. In order for the bell pepper to develop well from the very beginning, it is recommended to remove one lower bud from each plant. In addition, the side shoots and leaves on the main stem should be trimmed regularly before the first fork. This also applies to any sterile shoots and diseased leaves. Sweet peppers can turn bitter under some conditions. This can occur with insect cross-pollination where both savory and sweet varieties are grown in the same greenhouse. That is, if the pollen hot pepper for some reason falls on a sweet flower, then its taste will eventually be bitter. In general, all flowers of this culture are bisexual. Therefore, they can pollinate on their own without any problems. Growing bell pepper: video |
"Sweet" is the name given to the pepper by the inhabitants of Bulgaria. It is also a juicy, fleshy, colorful, aromatic and healthy vegetable. Contains few calories and many vitamins such as A, C, E, PP, B9, H, as well as carbohydrates, fiber and proteins. With proper care, growing bell pepper seedlings is easy.
What harm or benefit does a vegetable bring, beneficial features and contraindications - you need to know this only when it will be possible to grow and get a good harvest.
Growing a plant is quite laborious. This is the culture thermophilic and demanding on the composition and structure of the soil.
Peppers love soil with neutral acidity and high moisture content. The land should be fed with manure or ammonia-potassium fertilizers, clean of weeds, it must be looked after in advance.
The ripening of the fruits of this culture is long, therefore, the seeds are planted in pots at home... It makes no sense to plant and plant seeds directly into open ground due to this feature.
V northern regions preferred cultivation in greenhouses, because here the required temperature regime is observed around the clock so that the vegetable can grow well.
The complexity of cultivation does not scare summer residents, nevertheless, they reap the harvest of a whimsical culture.
Sweet peppers - popular types
There are many varieties of sweet vegetables. Planting type subdivided into greenhouse and open field, and are also divided according to the period of fruit ripening into early maturing, mid-early, late and hybrid.
The most popular variety for open ground, very beloved by novice gardeners "", as it is unpretentious in care, resistant to numerous diseases and bears fruit early. Variety "" is also early maturing, its bushes are not high, so it does not need to pinch and tie the stems.
Bell pepper "" ripens by 110 days from the day of planting, compact, well resistant to verticellosis and can be grown both outdoors and indoors.
From mid-season beginners in vegetable growing, the disease-resistant variety "" is suitable, the harvest from small bushes is obtained on day 130, with little effort to water and feed.
From hybrids, gardeners emit red high-yielding variety"", Requiring a minimum of labor and a large-fruited hybrid " Atlantic F1", Yielding crops even in adverse weather conditions.
How does planting at home begin?
Peppers are planted on seedlings in February or March depending on location and weather conditions. The first step in planting is to test the seeds by sampling in salt water (30 grams of salt per liter).
In salted water, weak and damaged seeds will float, while heavy ones capable of germination will remain at the bottom.
After drying, the seeds are soaked for several hours in plain water, then placed in a humid environment, for example, in a wet cloth or plastic bag before germination.
Also, to accelerate the ripening of fruits and prevent diseases, the seeds must be treated with a disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate, and then a growth stimulator. Since the culture does not like transplanting, it is better to immediately place the seeds in large 500 gram plastic cups, in loose, moist soil. to a depth of 1-2 cm, 2 pieces per cell.
When several shoots appear, the weak one is removed. Cups with seedlings are placed in a bright and warm place, moistened regularly and, if necessary, warmed up.
Transplanting seedlings and timing of planting in the soil
On the stage 3-4 leaves peppers are transplanted into open ground. For planting, the earth must warm up to +15 degrees. Seedlings are planted in May, after the end of the frost.
Before planting, loosen the soil, spill and fertilize with 1 tablespoon of potassium. Leave the distance between the bushes equal 30 cm.
The level of the planted sprout should correspond to the depth of the seedling material.
Post-plant care for a good harvest
When properly planted, the first new leaf appears approximately on day 10... If the plant has a lot of leaves and stems, then by pinching a crown is formed, and each stem is tied to a peg. The main thing is to remove the first flower during flowering, this will increase flowering, pollination and fruiting in the future.
During the growing period, you need to mulch the soil under the pepper, weeding the weeds in order to provide oxygen to the roots of the plant. To water 1-2 times a week, depending on the weather, the water consumption per bush is 1.5 liters for planted seedlings, and 2.5 liters for fruiting bushes.
During flowering and 2 more times during the fruiting period, fertilizing is carried out with a solution of manure (1: 5) or chicken droppings (1:10), as well as mineral fertilizers.
Bell pepper does not like coolness, therefore, when the air temperature drops, they must be covered with a film, rags and during the frost period they are fumigated with smoke.
Pest and disease control
Pepper often wilts outdoors. The reason for this is the disease and insects that feed on vegetables.
Damage to the plant is caused by:
- colorado beetle; the spread of the beetle can be avoided by collecting the larvae and destroying
- aphid; destroyed by chemical attack
- naked slugs who are afraid of dry mustard, tobacco or lime dust
- spider mite loves leaf juice, so the affected plants are burned, and the untouched ones are sprayed with an alcohol solution, soapy water, garlic or onion infusion.
Diseases also often affect peppers:
- fungal disease in a humid environment affecting stems and leaves as brown spots with a pale green zone it late blight; 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid can save pepper
- the most common is verticillary wilting, which appears due to the penetration of the virus into the damaged roots, the leaves fall off and as a result the plant dries up. It is necessary to burn diseased parts to stop the spread of the fungus.
- among diseases are distinguished white, gray and apical rot... White appears on the stems in the root part from a lack of fertilizers, gray appears against the background of an incorrect water balance and affects the entire fruit, and the apical often affects the tip of the pepper with spots and arises from both bacteria and planting conditions. To avoid exposure to rot, plantings are fertilized with calcium and watered abundantly.
Difficulties of growing bell pepper
To obtain a large yield of bell pepper, you need to regularly loosen and water the soil.
You also need to know that fertilizers are the main part of the diet, the lack of vitamins immediately affects the appearance of leaves, stems and fruits. When planting seedlings, it is important to try avoid windy areas, plant a bed with tall crops that protect from the wind.
Choose your neighbors carefully for culture: the neighborhood with fennel, beets is unfavorable, and tomatoes, lettuce, onions, carrots will have a positive effect, repelling pests.
After graduation summer season, plant the barley in the place of the pepper and dig up the ground after the grown cereal, get the humus rich in vitamins, which is necessary for growing the crop of the next season.
Pepper is a southern plant, but in the conditions of our climate, it requires careful attention to itself. Abundant watering, creating a favorable soil for plant growth and protection from the cold contribute to obtaining a well-deserved high yield. And this means that you will provide yourself with vitamins and macronutrients of sweet bell pepper until next year!
Bell pepper stands out among vegetables not only for its taste, but also for its elegant look. The fruits of the plant can hang down, or they can be raised high up. They can also be different in shape - similar to a cone, a glass or a prism.
However, not every gardener manages to grow this vitamin vegetable. Why? Because there are some rules in the cultivation of pepper, the observance of which leads to a good harvest.
Where did the bell pepper come from?
The homeland of this plant is not Bulgaria (after all, we call Bulgarian pepper), but the American continent. Today, sweet peppers are grown in Mexico, Colombia and Central America, and they began to conquer Europe from Spain.
At first, the fruits of the plant were used by humans as a medicinal raw material to fight anemia and asthma. Only after many years did people learn to appreciate pepper solely for its taste and use it widely in cooking.
Sweet peppers gained wide popularity in the North-West of Russia. It is believed that it came to Russia from the territory of Bulgaria, therefore its name is associated with this country. It is grown there in large quantities, it is considered a favorite vegetable and is simply called sweet.
Soil for planting peppers. What crops are best for planting peppers
It is very good if beans or any members of the legume family were growing in the garden before planting the pepper. The plant is demanding on the composition of the soil, which is well enriched and structured by legumes. Good neighbor for him will be onions, beets, peas and beans. This neighborhood is mutually beneficial, because helps ward off pepper pests.
When growing this crop, it must be borne in mind that in stationary greenhouses, the soil should be replaced every three to four years. It changes to a depth of three to four centimeters. It does not hurt to fumigate the greenhouse with a sulfur stick before planting to destroy fungal diseases and ticks.
Peppers are best grown next to cucumbers, not tomatoes. This is due to the plant's need for a more humid climate, abundant and frequent watering and a lower temperature than tomatoes require.
Growing pepper seedlings
- The seeds of the plant are usually soaked before planting. It is recommended to first treat them with potassium permanganate or phytosporin.
- They are planted in boxes or pots to a depth of one centimeter to one and a half centimeters, observing the distance between them in two centimeters, and between the rows - in four centimeters. The planting soil should lie down near the battery or in another warm place and be well warmed up.
- From above, the planting is covered with a film with ventilation holes, put in a warm place and await shoots. They usually appear on the sixth to tenth day.
- The air temperature required for seed germination is + 22- + 28 degrees Celsius.
- As soon as the first loops of seedlings hatch, the film must be removed.
Planting, growing and caring for bell peppers
Among the pests of pepper, the scoop, whitefly,
April 21, 2016
A tasty and healthy vegetable - sweet pepper - came to us from the New World. It is often called bell pepper due to the fact that they love and know how to grow this plant in this country. Pepper contains a lot of useful substances, valuable essential oils and vitamins. In addition, it is very tasty, so all gardeners and summer residents want to grow it. How to properly plant bell peppers to get big harvest sweet and tasty vegetables?
Varieties of varieties and types of sweet peppers
Pepper is an annual crop, has a long growing season and is very thermophilic, therefore, in our conditions, it cannot be successfully grown by direct sowing into the ground. It is necessary to grow seedlings. To get high-quality, strong and healthy seedlings, you need to choose the right varieties and prepare the seeds. 
The variety of varieties that exist today allows you to choose pepper different shapes, sizes and colors. It can be light, almost white, pinkish, yellow, orange, red, even almost black and striped. The pepper will acquire this color in the stage of full ripeness, while in technical ripeness all the fruits of the pepper are green.
In shape, pepper can be round, cuboid, rectangular, cone-shaped, and also take on a variety of fantasy shapes. The beneficial properties of pepper do not depend on the color and shape; this can only affect the aesthetic and taste perception. Almost any variety is suitable for processing, and modern F1 hybrids with thick, juicy walls are more often used for food, they have less irritating essential oils.
Having dealt with the richest assortment of varieties and choosing the right ones, each summer resident thinks about how to plant bell peppers. To do this, prepare seeds for growing seedlings. 
Seed treatment
If you want to get a crop of peppers as early as possible, you will have to deal with seeds already in March - April, depending on whether the seedlings will be planted in open ground, or in a greenhouse, under a shelter.
Pepper seeds often emerge reluctantly, slowly and unevenly, so their processing is very desirable. Pepper reacts well to heating, which can be combined with soaking in biostimulants. For pepper use warm water within 30˚С. Natural substances can serve as biostimulants, for example, aloe juice or succinic acid, or ready-made preparations factory production such as Zircon, Intavir and many others modern means... On average, soaking lasts a day, during which time all small, puny, defective or floating seeds are selected from the solution. They will not be able to give a full harvest and grow into a large healthy bush, so they can be thrown away with a clear conscience and not waste time on them.
The selected naklyuvshisya seeds are distributed in cups or sown in rows in trays and planting boxes. 2 - 3 seeds are placed in individual containers, and sown in trays with a distance of 2 - 3 centimeters. Pepper tolerates picking and replanting well, so there is no need to be afraid of thickened plantings. 
Advice: Do not let the seed of the pepper grow too long root, it is easy to break when planting - it is very fragile. It is enough to plant a well-swollen seed with a hatched root.
How to plant bell peppers so that the seedlings are strong, green and healthy? Particular attention will have to be paid to the choice of soil for seedlings. Pepper is very picky about the nutrient value of the soil and requires a lot of moisture, while its seedlings and young plants quickly rot and suffer from the disease "black leg". Therefore, the soil must be "well-fed", fertile and at the same time moisture-permeable. It must hold water well and quickly let excess water through itself. If the pepper is grown in small quantities, ready-made seedling soil can be purchased at any horticultural center.
Growing seedlings
When the planted seeds begin to germinate, you need to provide them with timely watering and airing. So that the seedlings are healthy and strong, on initial stage its growth is best watered by spraying. A weak jet from the spray gun does not wash out thin roots and does not damage fragile shoots, moistening only the surface layer of the soil. This moisture is sufficient for the plants, but not enough for the formation of mold. 
Several times a day, planting, covered with foil, is opened for airing. The grown seedlings from the trays dive at a greater distance, and those grown in separate containers are planted or simply removed the weakest plant. Usually 1 - 2 seedlings are left. A pick is necessary in order to get a strong, fairly stocky seedling. If the crops are thickened, the seedlings grow very tall, pale and weak, since the plants all the time competed for light, water and nutrients... Transplanted into open ground, such seedlings are sick for a long time and later enter fruiting.
Pepper is very thermophilic and picky about light, this also applies to its seedlings. Therefore, seedlings grown at home or in greenhouse conditions will have to be illuminated.
Planting seedlings under shelters or in a greenhouse
Sufficiently grown seedlings with 2 - 3 pairs of true leaves can be planted in a greenhouse or under film shelters. These works are carried out in different terms, depending on the climatic conditions terrain and type of protection. How to plant bell peppers correctly so that they begin to bear fruit quickly indoors? 
Peppers can be transplanted into a good greenhouse with heating and high-quality lighting as early as March - early April. More early landing will require significant costs for electricity and heating. If in the greenhouse it is not possible to provide seedlings of pepper comfortable conditions, sow seeds and plant seedlings later. The optimal time for moving to the greenhouse is mid-April.
Peppers are planted under film tunnel shelters at the very end of April - beginning of May, depending on the region and the weather. This plant is afraid of frost, including on the ground, from which it quickly dies. Therefore, they planted it in such a way that the threat of a serious decrease in temperature would pass.
Peppers are planted most often in pairs, so that if one plant gets sick and dies, the second remains to grow. When planting, the root collar is buried in the ground, since peppers, like tomatoes, tend to give additional roots on the trunk. This is especially important if the seedlings are small or weak. 
After planting, the seedlings are watered and mulched abundantly. This operation or the destruction of the soil crust the next day preserves the moisture reserve in the soil and allows oxygen to flow freely into the soil, to the roots.
Growing pepper in the garden and personal plot
To get large fruits and a bountiful harvest, you need to know how to grow bell peppers in the open field. This plant from the Solanaceae family, like tomatoes with eggplants, came to us from warm sunny regions, therefore, it will require similar conditions to grow.
Strong, hardened seedlings are planted in open ground. To do this, two weeks before planting, they begin to harden it, exposing it to the street or opening a greenhouse. This is done first for a few minutes, gradually increasing the time to several hours. Seedlings are hardened in the warmest and quietest time of the day. The wind is very dangerous - it can easily bend or even break fragile seedlings.
Hardened seedlings are more resistant and better prepared for the outdoor conditions. Therefore, it takes root faster, develops a strong root system and begins to bloom and bear fruit earlier. 
Pepper is planted in the ground only after the threat of return moves has finally passed. V southern regions these are usually days after May 9, in the northern periods they are shifted. Planted on a warm day, preferably calm and not too sunny.
Before planting, containers with seedlings are well watered. This is necessary for a twofold purpose. Firstly, the seedlings "drunk" with water are stronger and more stable, and secondly, it is easier to remove them from the softened soil without damaging the thin and fragile roots.
How to plant bell peppers in the ground so that it grows well and quickly, bears fruit abundantly and gives delicious juicy peppers? Several factors are important for this:
· Ground. Pepper is extremely picky about the fertility of the earth, therefore, the beds are preliminarily well seasoned with organic and mineral fertilizers. The soil should not be too dense and clayey, as well as overly loose sandy. Acidic soils and peat bogs are also not suitable.
· The place where the pepper will be planted. He needs open, flat places, do not plant pepper in lowlands, where cold air accumulates, and on ridges, where he suffers from both dry winds and cold winds. 
· Sunlight. Pepper is a sun worshiper; in the shade you will not get a harvest from it. It needs a lot of sun and even lighting, so place the peppers correctly in the area, preferably on the south side.
· Heat. Pepper's worst enemy is cool, wet weather. Under these conditions, it gives small tasteless fruits and is easily affected by fungal diseases and viruses. Warm sunny weather perfect for him.
· Water. Peppers need a lot of moisture to actively grow and produce juicy, sweet fruits. If there is not enough water for initial stages development, seedlings and young plants will grow stunted and flimsy, when fruits form from lack of water, the ovaries fall off, and when ripe, the peppers become dryish, wrinkled, tasteless and bitter.
Compliance with all of the above parameters is the basic rule of how to plant bell peppers in open ground. If followed exactly, the harvest promises to be enviable.
How to place pepper plants in the garden?
Depending on the variety, the pepper can be short or tall. In any case, the plants need to be planted at a distance of about half a meter from each other so that the plantings are well ventilated and illuminated. This is especially important for large-fruited varieties, since, in contact, plants can rot. 
A distance of about 70 cm - 1 m is left between the rows of pepper, depending on the size and height of the bush. The larger the plants, the greater the distance between rows and rows. Thickened plantings will give weak plants with small fruits.
Watering the peppers is of the utmost importance. If there is not enough water in the flowering phase, some of the flowers and ovaries will disappear and crumble. This will significantly reduce the yield. If water is not supplied during the pouring period of the peppers, their taste and appearance will suffer.
Water the plantings in the evening, after 18 hours, with warm water at the root, abundantly. If possible, it would be ideal to arrange drip irrigation. For these purposes, special hoses with a series of holes are produced. The slow flow of water droplets deeply saturates the soil with moisture, as a result, the pepper forms strong deep roots, extracts water from the lower horizons and holds well in the soil. If watering is poor, weak surface roots are formed, which are prone to drying out and die easily. 
Harvest gradually, since on this plant you can see both flowers and ripe fruits at the same time. Peppers are removed at the stage of technical ripeness, that is, green. This must be done carefully, breaking off each pepper so as not to break the entire plant.
Carefully grown bell peppers produce plenty of delicious, glossy fruits.