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Assortment refers to the totality of types and sizes of a particular type of product, that is, as far as the board is concerned, the most important criteria are the grade and size range. It is for these factors that all products of this type are subdivided, we will consider the basic information that every developer who selects lumber of the considered group should know.
Types of products
As for the main types of products shown in the diagram above, the following can be said about each of them:
| Unedged board | This option is distinguished by the fact that only two sides are cut off, and the ends are not processed. Such elements are most often used for the construction of battens and other structures, where the appearance does not really matter, the main advantage of this solution is the democratic price, which is why it is the most affordable |
| Half-edged board | In this type of product, two sides and one of the ends are most often processed, but at the same time, there may be bevels and remnants of bark on the edge. In general, this solution is of higher quality, but nevertheless, it also cannot be used on visible structures, where aesthetic appeal is important. |
| Edged board | The highest quality type of product, in which all sides are processed, therefore the geometric parameters of the elements are the same, and the strength indicators are much higher. This group of products is used most often and is in demand among developers much more than other types |
Important! According to the scientific definition, a board is a type of lumber, the thickness of which does not exceed 100 m, and the width is at least twice the thickness. Elements up to 32 mm thick in hardwood and up to 40 mm in coniferous species belong to a thin board, other options are thick.
Basic parameters of structures
The assortment of wooden boards includes requirements for grade and size, we will consider the first criterion in more detail in the next section, and in the table below we denote the generally accepted sizes of elements:
As for the length, the generally accepted options vary in the range from 1 to 6 meters, upon agreement, other standard sizes can be produced.
The interest in natural wood is quite justified: after all, wood is an environmentally friendly and safe material for the construction and decoration of residential buildings. Such material is able to "breathe", saturating the space with useful substances, as well as a pleasant aroma.
One of the most demanded types of wood products is wooden plank. For the production of such boards, various types of wood are used, depending on the purpose of the board itself.
Very often coniferous wood is used in construction: pine, spruce, larch, cedar, fir. Such wood is distinguished by excellent external and mechanical properties: warm color pleasant to the eye, beautiful texture, pleasant aroma, high strength, low hardness, resistance to cracking and decay. In addition, conifers do not undergo bending because they do not have a high ability to do this.
The main indicator of the choice of wood for boards is the appearance. When choosing wood for the production of boards, high demands are placed on its appearance. The wood should be free of knots, rot, wormholes and other defects. For example, the presence of knots significantly reduces the strength of the wood due to the violation of its uniformity. There are three types of wood depending on the appearance.
In the finished form, the wooden board can be of different humidity:
- natural,
- dried on special equipment.
With artificial drying, the moisture content of the wood is reduced by 8%.
Air drying of wood... In timber processing enterprises, as well as in warehouses, boards are stored in stacks, which are sorted by size. The stack is formed in such a way that air passes freely through it - this is necessary for air drying of wood. To prevent cracking, the ends of the boards are covered with lime, and to protect against atmospheric moisture, they are covered with roofing material.
By the way of processing the boards can be:
- Trimmed,
- Unedged.
Edged board is a board with wane that does not exceed the specified value. Obzol is the edge of a board that is cut from a log and is not trimmed at the edges. Edged boards usually have a width greater than double the thickness. There is no bark on the lateral edges. This type of board is more in demand in the construction market than unedged board.
Unedged board- this is a board that has no sawn-off or partially sawn-off edges with wane more permissible in edged lumber. This type of board is characterized by the presence of bark on the side edges. Unedged board, as a rule, is used for outdoor work: flooring, cladding of elements of load-bearing structures, planed parts, etc.
In construction, boards are used for various purposes: this is external work in the construction of wooden houses, and the manufacture of fences, etc. Also, the board is used for interior decoration of the house, for example, for floors.
For the production of boards, our company uses imported equipment, which allows us to achieve the highest quality product. Lesotorgovaya Kompaniya uses various types of wood for the production of boards.
The use of natural wood in construction is very popular. And this is not casual, because this material has a high indicator of environmental friendliness and safety, which is so necessary during the construction of residential buildings. The advantage of wood material is the ability to breathe, has good thermal insulation and is very durable.
Particularly popular in construction is wooden board, which is made from various types of wood, such as pine, larch, fir, cedar and spruce.
These species have good strength, crack and rot resistance, attractive wood grain and color, and softwood does not bend.
The main criterion for choosing wood for making a board for construction is its appearance, namely, on the surface of the tree there should be no knots, wormholes and other various defects.
At the moment, you can find boards made of wood, which are divided into several types in terms of appearance and humidity, as well as the method of processing.
Wooden board can vary in humidity, where it can be naturally dried, or dried using special equipment. If artificial drying was used, then the moisture content of the wood is reduced to 8%.
It should also be noted that boards can differ in the way they are processed and can be divided into two main types: edged and uncut boards.
Features of edged boards
An edged board refers to a board cut from a log and is not trimmed at the edges. Usually the width of the edged board has a greater indicator, which is equal to twice its thickness. It should also be noted. That the surface of the edged board has a flat and smooth surface, while there is no presence of bark on the side edges, which makes them very popular in the construction industry.
Features of unedged boards
An unedged board is also made from a log, but the side edges are not cleared of bark. This type of boards is usually used for outdoor work, namely flooring, sheathing of load-bearing elements and structures, as well as for creating planed parts.
Where are the boards used?
Wooden boards in the construction industry are used for various purposes, namely both for interior and exterior decoration. From edged boards can be created floor coverings, wall cladding, both inside and outside the premises. It should also be noted that wooden planks can be used to create fences and build various outbuildings and structures.
For construction, lumber made from natural wood is often used. They can be classified according to the type of wood, the shape of the workpiece and other parameters. The characteristic of sawn timber depends on a number of properties of a particular type of tree.
Lumber classification
Each type of wood has its own properties. That is why it is customary to observe a convenient and understandable classification. All natural wood materials can be roughly divided into several groups:
- The bars are mostly rectangular in shape. The characteristic of such materials implies that the division in the group is carried out according to the form, the method of manufacture, and the size of the section. The section is usually made from 100 mm and more.
- Boards can be divided into edged / unedged, sawn. The last group is divided into clean-cut, with a blunt wane (blunt and sharp).
- Rivets are used for barrels. The group is limited, includes rivets with a cylindrical or blunt section.
- Planks and slats, sleepers are materials that are small in size, with a rectangular cross-section. Their thickness and shape may differ slightly.
- Reiki is an unedged board, the edges of which are processed. Three sides of the board are not sawn, and one is sawn.
Lumber classification and characteristics:
- By type of surface treatment. Lumber can have wide surfaces (faces), narrow (edges), end (ends). In turn, wide can be divided into external and internal.
- By the type of sawing wood. With respect to annual rings, lumber is classified into radial, tangential, mixed.
- By type of wood. All lumber can be made from different types of wood, each of which is best suited for a specific purpose. Pine is the leading one in this area; it can be used to make various types of products, including for wall cladding and roofs. Spruce, larch, cedar, fir are used in construction. They are all great for planks. But ash, oak, mahogany are applicable for the manufacture of finishing materials, as joinery, where they fully reveal their qualities. Aspen is great for decorating the interior walls of saunas or steam rooms, it perfectly resists the negative effects of moisture, sudden changes in temperature. For parquet boards and natural parquet, experts recommend using birch. Here she fully reveals her potential.
Before purchasing this or that type of lumber, it is necessary to study their characteristics, areas of use. In this case, the selection will be correct, and the wood itself will last a long time.
Wood options
Lumber used for construction can be made from various types of wood. The most popular material is pine needles, most beams and planks are made from pine and spruce, but there are other options. Pine, unlike other types of wood, is lightweight; during construction, minimal loads are placed on the foundation. For example, aspen or birch are very heavy, but their strength characteristics are not so good. Planks are usually made of pine, this material is very durable, easy to process, and has many advantages.
Pine contains natural resin, which acts as an excellent antiseptic. This ensures that there are no traces of rot, mold for a long time. Pine has a soft and delicate texture, which makes processing simple, pleasant and fast. The smell and color of pine add attractiveness to the material not only as a standard building material, but also as an option for decorative wall cladding and the construction of log cabins.
The characteristics of lumber are not complete without such parameters as the number and presence of branches. Here you need to pay attention to the spruce. This coniferous species has many positive characteristics, but its processing is difficult. The problem is that the trunk contains many branches, which is an obstacle to processing. Spruce is not as resistant to rotting as pine, but its price is much lower.
Wood such as cedar can also be used for planks. This option is not common, but it is still used.
Cedar wood is strong, reliable, like spruce, but easier and more convenient to process. Fir can also be used for the manufacture of lumber. It is resistant to decay, excellent handling and numerous benefits.
Types of lumber
Lumber is produced in various ways, it is possible to choose a suitable option. Products differ in shape, size, their characteristics, area of use. Common materials include edged and unedged boards, which are acceptable for almost any job, but there are other options that act as auxiliary materials.
Most often, edged and unedged boards are used for construction work, they differ in a number of parameters. These lumber are very popular, they are used for the construction of frames for houses, for arranging strips, walls, partitions, for the installation of rafter systems, formwork and other works.
Edged board is a material obtained by sawing a log. At the same time, all its edges are smooth, but a small amount of bark may remain, that is, wane. Indicators of moisture resistance, strength, mechanical stability are very different, as well as cost.
This makes it possible to choose exactly the material that is more suitable for the work than others, without overpaying. For the manufacture of edged boards, pine or spruce is more often used. The cost of such boards is not so high, but the strength and durability correspond to all parameters. From such boards, you can safely erect not only outbuildings, but also carry out interior decoration. The lumber has a standard size of 6 m, but the thickness and width are different. The width of the boards can be equal to 100 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm, for the thickness - 25 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm.
The scope of the edged board is quite wide:
- for the manufacture of a frame, walls, partitions;
- to perform flooring of rough, finishing floors;
- for the manufacture of various load-bearing structures;
- for the manufacture of formwork;
- in the manufacture of furniture;
- in the manufacture of carved furniture;
- during the construction of gazebos, garages, sheds, fences.
Unedged board has edges with bark, it is used quite often in construction. The appearance of these lumber is attractive, as close to natural as possible, which makes them an excellent option for wall cladding. Unedged board does not have such a high density, therefore it can be easily processed. Decorating with such boards does not take much time. But if there are many cracks on the surface, then this will significantly reduce the life of the lumber.
Four-edged and clean-edged cant
Lumber can vary in price and quality. The cheapest one can be attributed to a four-edged bar, which is manufactured in large quantities, without requiring large costly capacities for this. The production of timber is carried out by sawing or cutting solid wood, but the surface quality will differ significantly. For example, when cutting, the sides are torn, which is not always acceptable. When sawing, the edges and ends are more accurate, such a bar is already suitable for work where the appearance of the materials is important.
A clear cut bar is a square material that is cut from all sides. Its length is usually 4 m, thickness - from 100 mm, depending on the purpose. Such a bar is made, as a rule, from pine. It is machined from all sides, including the end pieces. It is used most often for the construction of house walls, beams, ceilings, subfloors. Differs in high strength properties.
Half-edged board and slab
A half-edged board has uneven planes, traces of bark may remain at the ends. Such a board is used for technical work. Walkways are made of it, it can be used for technical and subfloors, as a basis for other products.
The croaker is a fairly cheap lumber, which, when properly processed, perfectly replaces other wood products.
In appearance, the slab is very similar to the sidewall of a log, part of it is propylene on one side, but not on the other. Such lumber is considered lump-type waste, they remain after the main material has been cut. But the dimensions of the slab are normalized, it has the same width at the ends and along the entire length. Today, two types of slab are used - wood and business material. It is used for various purposes, as blanks for other products and building elements.
Sawn timber is made from natural wood. All of them differ in shape, their individual characteristics, sizes, appearance, degree of processing. Lumber is used for construction and repair work of various types, often used in the assembly of furniture, fences, in the construction of subfloors. When choosing, you should focus on those properties that are necessary for specific conditions.
It is not difficult to restore structures made of wood in case of damage to a certain area. For thousands of years, man has been using wood. Some types of tree resins have an antiseptic effect. Wood lends itself well to processing and cutting, it can be left unprocessed, or impregnated with various compounds, or painted and varnished. The consumer can buy edged boards in any construction market, since the price for edged pine boards is significantly lower than, for example, larch or cedar lumber.
The beginning of wood processing is sawing. Sawing wood materials is carried out in various ways, such as:
- radial cut;
- semi-radial cut;
- saw cut tangential.
Radial cut
In the finished product, the angle of inclination of the annual rings of sawn timber is equal to from 90 to 60 degrees. With this cut, the material is least susceptible to deformation, moisture, and changes during the drying process. Based on the fact that when cutting in this way, a large amount of raw materials is consumed, the cost of edged boards, of course, will be much higher than with other types of sawing.
Semi-radial cut
Semi-radial sawing differs in that the angle of inclination of the sawn tree of annual rings will be 45 degrees. With this method, raw materials, in fact, are saved more, but the characteristics of the finished board are reduced.
Tangential cut
With tangential sawing of wood, the plane of the cut does not pass along the core, but at a certain distance from the center of the log. As a result, the texture of the material takes on a richer look. And, nevertheless, they will be more susceptible to swelling and shrinkage than with a radial cut. The main advantage of this method of sawing boards is that the number of products produced has the highest rate not only in comparison with the radial, but also with the tangential method of sawing sawn timber.
Large manufacturers mainly use the radial sawing method.
Planks that have been sawn and sorted by size are usually stored in stacks with free air movement. This natural ventilation is used to air dry wood. To protect against the loss of positive characteristics and decay, lumber is treated with antiseptics. For deeper penetration of the antiseptic, pine planks, for example, can be impregnated under pressure, which will certainly give this material more reliable and durable protection.
Wood products of a certain size and quality have at least two parallel flat faces. Round timber, that is, logs that are cut into pieces and produce lumber. The parts into which the logs are divided are transverse and longitudinal. Sawmills usually produce lumber using special equipment, that is, sawmills, circular saws and other equipment.
Lumber can be edged, unedged and one-sided edged. Depending on how the wood is processed, that is, from planing, edge filing and sizing, these varieties stand out. So, lumber with edges that are sawn off perpendicular to the planes and have a small amount permissible according to regulatory documents is edged lumber. Edges can be either non-parallel, along the runway, or parallel.
Edged board with one edge in case of filing perpendicular to the faces is called one-sided edged lumber. Shedding at this edge is permissible no more than in edged sawn timber.
Wood with partial sawn or uncut edges, and wane more acceptable in edged boards, is called unedged sawn timber.
If the edged board has both edges or at least one face planed, then this is planed lumber. The same edged wood material, dried and also processed to a certain predetermined size, will be called calibrated sawn timber.
Depending on the strength of the indicators, lumber is structural. From the type of sorting - by machine and visual sorting.
Sorting lumber
Machine sorting is sorting in which sawn timber is sorted by a machine using a special device operating on the principle of the relationship between ultimate strength in bending, tensile, compression and elasticity.
Visual sorting of material involves a routine visual inspection and consideration of the number, size, location and nature of wood defects. By the method of processing the ends: trimmed, that is, cut in length to size, and non-trimmed, that is, those that are not trimmed in length to size.
