Firms engaged in the production of furniture appear on the modern market every year. But very often the quality or price of their products is poor. If you are tired of the standard and the same type of furniture in the store, then trying to make the most original furniture out of wood is for you. Moreover, if your imagination works well and you have a stock of ideas that you want to translate into the interior of your home.
DIY wood furniture is a great solution for creative people. These products will become an original decoration of any room and give the interior a special uniqueness.
Photos of handmade wooden furniture turn out to be very beautiful, therefore, designers and photographers very often use such elements in their works.
What types of wood are used to create furniture
Let's deal with the materials of homemade furniture. Wood is not always expensive. There are options for special furniture boards. Such shields are of two types:
- solid shields are made from a piece of wood, which are subsequently processed;
- the pressed material is produced by pressing thin flaps. In the end, fairly strong plates are obtained.
Varietal wood species
Before choosing a particular type of wood, you need to decide what kind of wood furniture you can make. The species are classified into hardwood and softwood.
The hard varieties are apple, ash, beech, acacia and elm. They are used for the manufacture of frame structures and furniture that can withstand heavy loads. Soft species are juniper, pine, willow, fir. Decor parts are made of this material, which are not designed for heavy loads.
When creating furniture from solid wood with your own hands, it is important to take into account the future conditions when using it. For example, rooms with high humidity require wood with good moisture resistance. It could be cedar.
Interesting products are obtained from wenge, meranti, mahogany and makore, such breeds have an unusual texture.
Pine is used for the frame of upholstered furniture and decorative elements.
Beech is durable, but not resistant to moisture. Before starting work, this type of tree must be covered with special protective equipment.
Oak is ideal for making solid furniture such as chests of drawers, beds or wardrobes.
Birch is a fragile material that is prone to cracking, as a result of which it is used to create smaller furniture items - coffee tables and chairs.
Wooden furniture making process
Making wood furniture with your own hands is a complex process that requires utmost attention and accuracy. The most important thing is that there is a place for work (a garage or a small workshop is suitable), as well as all the materials and necessary tools for making furniture. The entire production process is divided into the following stages:
Purchase of materials. At the same time, it is important to foresee where the furniture will be placed (for example, outdoors or indoors), because each material is suitable for some conditions, and not at all ideal for others. In addition, it is worth buying accessories in advance - these are handles, hinges, etc.
Cut out the material. To do this, it must be marked and cut. Drilling holes for joining workpieces.
Painting and processing of elements. It is important to choose the right treatment agent (impregnation, primer, etc.), which one you can ask the sales consultants in specialized stores.
Assembly of parts. All connections are not collected tightly at first. After assembly, everything is checked for accuracy and evenness. And only then the connections of the structure are finally tightened.
Note! 
DIY furniture - drawings and projects
When creating furniture with your own hands, you must clearly follow the drawn up drawings. One of the good options is to take a project from the Internet, and only when you gain experience, you can come up with a unique sketch on your own. Below are some ideas for wood furniture and instructions for making.
Making garden furniture from wood with your own hands
The homestead and summer cottage area is a favorite place for recreation of the inhabitants of our country, so everyone is trying to make it more comfortable and beautiful. Furniture is a necessary item on the site, since without it it is difficult to imagine a comfortable and convenient stay.
Much more practical is wood furniture, but purchasing it can be expensive. Therefore, making garden furniture from wood with your own hands is a good inexpensive way without losing quality and attractiveness.
The main thing is to choose the right breed. So for outdoor use, beech or oak is ideal. They are least susceptible to moisture, in addition, they have high strength.
If you will use an inexpensive species - pine, then be prepared for careful processing. Otherwise, over time, it can begin to release resin.
Solid wood is, of course, the most optimal material, but its cost is not cheap. It is much more economical to use ready-made slats, boards and bars.
Note! 
In addition, unusual interior items can be made from stumps and logs. From a flexible variety, such as bird cherry, you can make unusual wicker furniture.
Features of the production of wooden furniture for children
All items in the children's room must be reliable and durable and, most importantly, not dangerous. In addition, it is important to observe the following details:
- The absence of sharp corners, it is better to round them off so that children cannot be injured.
- Non-toxicity of paintwork.
- Lack of small parts (it is better to use large elements, in order to avoid that the child will tear something off and swallow).
- The connections are made without the use of nails (self-tapping screws are the best option).
- Simplicity of the design solution (it is better to use more bright colors than complex shapes - it will cost less, and the child will like it more).
Making furniture from wood in a bath with your own hands
For a better arrangement of the bath, it is necessary to correctly place furniture in it: benches, a table, a couch, and so on. All this, of course, can be bought, but it will be much cheaper to do it yourself. Such a set for a bath can be made by hand
First of all, you need to choose the right breed, it must meet the following properties:
- Low thermal conductivity.
- No knots or cracks. All irregularities must be sanded off.
- High density and strength. Only hardwoods are suitable for the steam room: oak, alder, and so on. For the dressing room and rest room, you can also use conifers, the main thing is proper processing.
Wooden furniture for the kitchen
Of all the interior items, kitchen sets are the most structurally complex, as they involve many drawers and shelves.
Note! 
To make kitchen furniture from wood with your own hands, you must perform the following procedure:
- We draw up a project. In order to correctly draw up a project, it is necessary to draw a floor plan and indicate the necessary areas (sink, work surface, lockers, and so on).
- Next, we purchase the necessary materials and accessories.
- We saw the sheets into the necessary elements.
- Putting the structure together. The main thing is neatness and attentiveness - then the kitchen will turn out to be durable and will last for many years.
Conclusion
Making furniture with your own hands is a complex process, but also exciting. The main thing is to clearly draw up a plan of action, and choose the right materials for each individual case. Then you will be able to make unique and beautiful interior items at low cost.
DIY wood furniture photo
Beautiful and stylish natural wood furniture has always been considered the best option for any interior. She has not only an attractive appearance, but also comfort and warmth. Today, you can buy a set from an array only at a fairly high price, which is not always appropriate. But why overpay when beautiful and high-quality wooden furniture with your own hands is in no way inferior to ready-made ones.
How to make a wooden headset for your home yourself? It is not enough to find a suitable drawing and buy boards, you need to start with the basics. It is important to determine what kind of material the furnishings will be made of. Novice craftsmen neglect such preparation, as a result, various defects are obtained, ranging from cracking to quick breakage, swelling of wood, and its complex processing. The choice of the right wood should come first here.
Soft or hard wood: which is better?
Furniture makers use about 40 different types of wood, but all products can be combined into 2 large groups, differing in properties, processing conditions, and operation. When choosing a material, you should immediately decide what kind of wood is needed: hard or soft.
Hardwoods include sycamore, oak, elm, beech, apple, maple, mountain ash, ash, walnut... They are processed relatively well, there are no problems with them. There are rocks that are considered superhard. These are boxwood, yew, white acacia, dogwood, pistachio tree. They are used only by professional furniture makers, since the work requires experience and special tools. If there is a need to use just such breeds, then it is best to immediately order individual elements, and assemble furniture at home with your own hands. This will cost much less than buying a ready-made one. From the listed hard rocks, frames are made, supporting structures.
Fir, pine, chestnut, spruce, willow, cherry, aspen, cedar, poplar belong to the category of soft wood species. Facades are made of these materials. Their processing is simple, the tree is beautiful, has a pleasant color.
What kind of wood to choose for the manufacture of a wardrobe, tables, chest of drawers?
When you decide to make furniture yourself, you need to choose the right type of wood, since not every material is suitable for work. It takes into account how the tree will be processed, what decorative properties it has, and operating conditions.
The most popular breed is pine, it is simply processed, even a beginner can work with it.
Beech is popular for the manufacture of luxury wardrobes and chests of drawers, but not everyone can process it, since the material is solid, it is difficult to work with it.
- Pine is the most popular material, it belongs to softwood, it is easy to process. Its impact-resistant properties are low, therefore, it is not worth making cabinets and tables that will be subjected to strong mechanical stress. The surface is easily scratched, covered with dents. Of course, the product will not break, but its appearance will not be so attractive. It is best to make shelves, front doors, small cabinets, various decorative elements, frames for upholstered furniture from pine.
- Beech is a tree similar in strength to oak, but beech absorbs moisture strongly, so this wood is no longer suitable for rooms with high humidity levels. Before starting work, beech boards are treated with protective compounds, they are not recommended for use in kitchens, loggias, hallways, terraces, verandas. It is beech that is better than other options for making curved furniture, for giving the headset an antique effect.
- oak has always been in the price. Oak boards are well processed, although they have their own characteristics. All products are distinguished by a high level of strength, furniture is not damaged by insects, rot, and can be used even in high humidity conditions. That is why oak furniture is used for kitchens, balconies, terraces and open verandas. The weight of such products is significant, this must be taken into account before starting work, you can hardly do without an assistant. Most often, beds, large and massive bookcases, chests of drawers are made from solid oak. The appearance of the headset will be solid, and the shade of the products will be pleasant.
- Birch is notable for its beauty, unusual and soft shade. Almost any furniture can be made from such wood, from coffee tables and chairs to tables and beautiful cabinets and shelves. The cost of this material is acceptable, but birch cannot be used at high humidity levels, as the products will deteriorate quickly. But the material is easy to work with, it can be beautifully decorated.
Why is the price of wood furniture so high?
Why is wood furniture so expensive? There are several reasons, even if you make it yourself, you will have to spend money on high-quality material. It is not worth buying the first boards that come across, they must be of high quality. The following factors influence the formation of value:
- Solid wood is a natural product, and today the price for such materials is higher than for others. Even special laminated chipboard boards for furniture are much cheaper, but their quality is lower, not to mention environmental friendliness.
- The array is not as easy to process as it seems. It takes a lot of time and effort to make the necessary piece of furniture, especially since the surface should turn out to be smooth and beautiful, safe for use.
- There are not so many headsets made of natural wood on sale, usually a product in a limited quantity is valued higher, like everything rare.
- The appearance of the furnishings turns out to be stylish and solid, even if it is an ordinary bed assembled from a board. Any furnishings that are solid and attractive will always cost more than standard furniture.
Wooden furniture will cost a lot, and some experience is required to make it. If you buy the material yourself, choose suitable drawings for work, then you can make a set of furniture yourself. All that is needed is patience and attentiveness. Attention should also be paid to the choice of wood, since the quality, appearance and service life of furniture items largely depends on this.
Outdoor recreation with family or friends is a real treat for those who live in the city. When equipping a country house or dacha, it is necessary not only to think over the interior decoration, but also to make the garden plot itself comfortable and cozy, because it is so nice to organize a picnic for loved ones or just lie in a sun lounger with your favorite book. Garden furniture in this case is simply irreplaceable. It will make your stay pleasant and comfortable. You can make it with your own hands - it does not require a lot of effort and will save finances.
Peculiarities
Country furniture carries the same functional load as the items in your apartment. One has only to take into account one important nuance: it must certainly be not only functional, but also practical, since it will be operated on the street. It is this feature that determines the choice of materials for construction - they should not be afraid of water, sun and cold. Let's try to figure out which of the existing materials best meet these requirements.
Upholstered furniture in our apartments is undoubtedly more comfortable than solid wood or metal structures. But placing such items outdoors is impractical. To comfortably sit on a country bench or sofa, just prepare soft bases or pillows that can be easily removed into the house.
Wooden furniture
This is a classic version of furniture for a summer residence, which you can make yourself. Wood is a noble and practical option. It is suitable for making almost any item. A table, chairs, benches and even garden sofas made of wood, with proper care, will serve you faithfully for more than a year.
Even a novice craftsman can make a simple bench, but the aces of their craft can turn an ordinary picnic table into a real work of art.
Metal objects
Metal is a very practical and durable material. But when working with it, you will need a set of certain tools and skills. You can connect metal parts to each other both by welding and using bolts and screws. Another option is to give the desired shape by bending individual sections or structural elements.
Wicker furniture
Elegant and sophisticated wicker furniture can decorate any area. The main difficulty is to learn how to weave the rods beautifully and create the necessary shapes from them. Even if you've never done this, you can start with the simplest elements. The experience gained will allow in the future to create more complex and flowery models.
Drawings and diagrams
Having decided on the material from which your furniture will be made, you need to think in advance where it will be located and what kind of items you want to make. Indeed, despite the fact that these are not apartments, you should still determine the size and style that is optimal for you.
Shop
The simplest and most traditional material here is wood. There are several simple schemes for country shops. You can make seats for them either from planks or from solid wood. Based on the above diagrams, you can easily build a convenient and practical bench or bench of the required size. After completing the assembly, be sure to treat the wood with a protective agent.
As for the colors and designs, it all depends on your imagination. You can leave clean, laconic lines or cut out graceful curves. The natural design of the tree is an invariable classic, so you can only cover it with varnish. But if your idea requires it, then you can easily give it any color.
Table
The simplest version of the table is considered to be a product on four supports (legs) and with a solid tabletop. By the way, it can be made both from boards and from solid wood. A solid saw cut of a large tree looks very unusual, and the log itself can be sawn both along and across the trunk.
Often, whole stumps can be seen as a small table. The more impressive its size, the more intricate pattern the "tabletop" itself will have. The choice of the place where the table will be installed is also important. Make sure the surface is level. Otherwise, the table top will tilt or the table will wobble.
The base for the country table can also be made of metal - the product will turn out to be truly strong and durable. In addition, metal goes very well with wood and weaving. But a tabletop made of glass and other fragile materials will not work at all in this case. Firstly, even small drops of rain will be immediately visible on it, and, secondly, it can break even from a slight mechanical impact.
Sun lounger
This is not to say that a chaise longue is the most necessary piece of furniture in the country. But remember a vacation somewhere on the seashore and that pleasant feeling when you, relaxed, lay down on it and basked in the sun. To create such an atmosphere at your dacha is a dream that can be easily turned into reality.
The most convenient option would be a chaise longue with an adjustable back. With this design, you can find the ideal tilt angle to read a book or just watch the children frolic nearby.
For manufacturing, you will need boards, beams and slats. After you assemble the frame, you can start laying the battens. Remember to leave small gaps between them. The height of the chaise longue can be any - it all depends on your preferences. When in doubt, it is best to stick to the standard 35 cm.
Garden sofa
The main difference between a garden sofa will be that it will not be upholstered with soft foam rubber and fabric. If you are used to gathering at the dacha with a large company, then such a stationary object in a recreation area will be indispensable. It can be both simple and angular, and even U-shaped.
Models made from a large diameter tree trunk look quite brutal. In this case, you only need to install the log in the right place and cut out 1/4 of it so that you get a seat. Such a masterpiece can be supplemented with armrests with dimensions that emphasize the massiveness and reliability of the structure. But repainting in bright colors that covers the texture of the wood is not recommended for such a sofa, since it will look most impressive in its natural form.
In addition to the chopped model of the garden sofa, you can also make it from ordinary beams and planks. Recently, the production of furniture from pallets has become a real trend. In fact, you already have "semi-finished products" that you just need to connect and give them an aesthetic look by coloring.
Rocking chair
It is quite possible to assemble a rocking chair yourself. But if you have never held a plane and a jigsaw in your hands, then we advise you to start with simpler furniture models: here you will need an accurate calculation of every detail. In addition, due attention will have to be paid to the connecting elements: increased requirements are imposed on them due to the increased load that the chair will have to face during the period of operation.
The design can be absolutely anything. Most often, this can be a classic version of a wooden chair, in which it is so cozy to sit down on a warm evening, wrapping your legs in a warm blanket and sipping hot coffee. For lovers of minimalism, hi-tech and loft styles, options with a metal base and a rack and pinion seat are suitable.
Such a homemade rocking chair will become a real favorite of both the adult generation, who appreciate silence, and the little fidgets who will be happy to use it for its intended purpose.
How to collect?
In order to make the process of assembling garden furniture as easy as possible, we recommend that you stock up on all the necessary tools in advance. Professional jigsaws and planers in stores are quite expensive, so if you plan to assemble one bench and calm down on this, then it is impractical to purchase them for personal use - ask your neighbors or friends.
For beginners who have decided to master the manufacture of garden furniture, it should be borne in mind that it is not always possible to do everything perfectly the first time. It is better to stock up on material for future use so that you can replace the damaged part right away, and not run to a hardware store.
The process of making furniture will be much easier if you find the necessary instructions or drawing in advance. When you have already gained experience, you can easily improvise and create your own unique projects. But in the initial stages, it is better to stick to proven schemes.
- It is much easier to start making garden furniture than to design and make a piece of furniture for your own apartment. This is due to the fact that there are no special aesthetic requirements for it. Well, who will reproach you for the fact that the shop is a little uneven ?! And by the way, it's a great experience. And if you have already got a chic garden sofa or table, then think about how to make furniture for the kitchen or bath with your own hands.
- When choosing materials, you should not immediately run to a hardware store. Take a closer look at what you have in stock. Perhaps you or your friend have had beams and planks for several years that you would be sorry to throw away. Stumps and driftwood that get in the way on the site can also become a unique item or part of it. Remember if you have some hunting trophies on the mezzanine? Horns, skins and other paraphernalia will harmoniously fit into the interior of your recreation area.
- Pallets (pallets) can be bought for little money at construction sites, in stores or online. You will save a significant amount of cutting and assembly time with these versatile designs.
Why, in fact, do it yourself? Are you not satisfied with the furniture that is sold in the store? What else do they need to come up with so that at the moment when you need something to fill the space - you just went to the store? Never mind. We don't need anything in stores, we ourselves have a mustache. Or, as they say, our hands are not for boredom - is it?
What is DIY?
Let's clarify the terms. DIY - do it yourself, or, in a more understandable language, do it yourself. This is a popular trend not only in furniture, but also in all areas of our life - more and more people are striving not to buy ready-made products, but to try to make them themselves.
DIY furniture
The question arises, is it difficult to make furniture with your own hands without leaving your home? Our answer is unambiguous - no, it's pretty simple. What materials to use for this, where to get them, how to combine them correctly? These and other questions will be answered by our article, which contains many ideas, photographs and even drawings for making furniture yourself.
DIY furniture restoration
The easiest way is to simply restore the old furniture no one needs. Surely your grandparents in the country house in the attic have a lot of dust that they put there when buying a more modern or practical one. It's time to breathe a second life into them! For self-restoration, for example, wooden furniture, it will be necessary to purchase special tools for processing and painting, as well as glue in order to glue the broken elements. Restoration of metal furniture is a little more complicated - it may require welding and special tools to clean the old coating.
DIY wood furniture
There are many ideas on how to make wood furniture yourself. The easiest ones are to use simple bars from the store or even euro pallets. We have already written about them on our website many times. Wood treatment measures include polishing, painting and final varnishing. It is best to connect bars or other pieces of furniture using corners or bolts, after having drilled holes.
DIY garden furniture
Hand-made garden furniture is very popular. First of all, this is due to the fact that there are no special design requirements and you can approach the process by investing in it all your fantasies and notions. The materials used are: old boxes, tires, pallets and ordinary boxes, cases from old equipment and even car parts. Such furniture is often located in gazebos or on the terrace.
We make upholstered furniture at home
With upholstered furniture, everything is somewhat more complicated. To do this, you must, at a minimum, be able to sew or knit. But the process can be seriously simplified by making a frame for furniture made of wood and simply sheathing it with peculiar flat, pre-sewn pillows. Thus, a real analogue of upholstered furniture from a store is obtained, but with a minimal budget and made by hand.
DIY furniture making
The great popularity of handmade furniture is due to the fact that it does not require expensive materials. They use: broken equipment, cookie jars, clock mechanisms from old ugly watches, ordinary wire, cans, old skis, ordinary cardboard boxes and much, much more. If you try, you can find application for absolutely all objects found, and the final result will surprise even the most practical person.
DIY furniture made easy!
Old skate clock
Tin can lamps
Coffee table from an old suitcase
Rack or bookshelves made of pallets
Kitchen shelves from scrap materials
Convenient pockets for small items from old jeans
I hung it with my own hands from a simple plank
Lamps from old dishes
Ottomans made of plastic boxes
Euro pallet computer table
Birch bed
Stylish shelving with your own hands
Lampshade from an old book
A wall of old doors and windows
DIY furniture from cork
Ottoman from old magazines
DIY shelves made of wire
Original lego key holder
Living room with pallet sofa and wooden crate with books on brick wall - 3D Rendering 
I would like to furnish the house really beautifully ... But high-quality, beautiful and, moreover, original products will have to look, and even pay a tidy sum for them. This is not a problem for our ingenious members of the forum. How to make furniture out of boards with your own hands, how to assemble an unusual transforming bed or an ordinary but reliable high-quality wardrobe, drag a sofa or build an interesting monolithic kitchen ... What tools will be useful to you, where to start, where to find drawings, what materials to use - we have collected FORUMHOUSE experience and expert advice on this week's theme.
Articles:
What tools are needed: what set is sufficient for the entry-level, and what is needed for an experienced craftsman - furniture maker, is it possible to assemble a cabinet without a special tool, and how to equip a furniture workshop - say the experts.
Manual router, PVA glue, circular saw, oil and wax for countertops and a chisel. Our selection contains new items that will be in great demand among furniture makers and jack of all trades.
How to independently make an unusual bed out of boards that can be hidden in a closet - we summarized the experience of FORUMHOUSE.
One of the most popular ways of joining wood is gluing - it allows you to get strong, monolithic parts. We talk about the technology and the intricacies of the process.
The construction of a monolithic kitchen is an exclusive and practical solution that allows you to profitably equip your own home environment, avoiding the purchase of ordinary and expensive kitchen furniture. We offer ideas and practical developments related to the construction of a monolithic kitchen.
Over time, favorite things get old and out of fashion. And the once beautiful sofa turns into a shabby, dull piece of furniture. You can return a fresh and neat look to upholstered furniture using a banner. FORUMHOUSE users tell us about what products will help to update your favorite sofa and armchairs.
The items you made yourself keep the warmth of your hands and meet all your wishes. And users and specialists of our portal will help you to comprehend all the intricacies of this matter. We will tell you how to make wood furniture.
Video:
Working with furniture boards. Master Class . According to Sergei Ilyin, when making furniture from chipboard panels, you face two problems. This is fitting a part to an uneven wall and making parts with curved edges. How to make wooden furniture at home - see the master class.
Furniture restoration. With your own hands. Galina Samsonova became our member of the forum thanks to her hobby - the restoration of old cabinets and tables. Since this is not an easy business, and it was a pity to throw away the inherited set of interior items, Galina went to the forum to learn how to give new life to old things. Today she herself is an experienced expert in this matter.
Different ways of decorative coating OSB panels. OSB, or OSB-panels are suitable both for finishing buildings and for making furniture. You can refine the surface of the OSB panel or give it the desired antiquity effect with the help of paints and varnishes for wood.
A fabulous chair in a rustic style. Master Class . Interesting furniture with your own hands is usually not so difficult to manufacture. The manufacturing technology of such furniture is very simple. The most important thing is to find the right blanks. Together with the masters of fairytale buildings in the rustic style, we will make a fairytale chair. You will also learn what tools are needed for making rustic furniture, except for a drill and a screwdriver.
"Non-feminine business?" DIY furniture. If you have a small apartment and a large family - buying all the necessary furniture turns into a problem ... Try to make it yourself! How the forum member Elena Mitkina from Moscow did it. She divided the room between children of different sexes, made original wardrobe beds from the boards and is ready to do a lot of other things to improve her apartment.
DIY modular furniture. Coming up with home furnishings, FORUMHOUSE participant Yuri Buyskikh came across the idea of box constructions. As a result, all this was transformed into the idea of multifunctional sets of modular wardrobes, tables and beds, which Yuri creates on his own. Making unusual furniture with your own hands is easy if you have a simple set of tools for furniture makers, buy fittings and watch our small master class.
Forum thread:
Even a beginner can make a shelf or a bed, a wardrobe or a table with chairs, turn a Soviet chiming clock into "old French manor" - from things found at the trash heap or bought on the cheap. In this topic, you will find many interesting photos of solutions that can be implemented on winter and long, "bad luck" evenings. Any unnecessary things can find a second life and become elements of unusual design.
Several years ago, Philip bought a house in the Novgorod region, and is still equipping it. In addition to the construction site, the owner also does carpentry. Unusual, soulful atmospheric works - their photos are presented in the topic.
Pallets are an amazing material for creativity - natural, cheap (or even free), strong: there are both pine and mahogany. Participants of FORUMHOUSE tell about their variants of handicrafts made from wooden pallets and the technology of their competent disassembly.
In this topic, for the 6th season already, FORUMHOUSE members discuss wood processing technologies and methods of working with tools, give comments, share experiences.
Impregnations, antiseptics, varnishes and paints for wood can be prepared by yourself - it will work well, and cheaper and more environmentally friendly, FORUMHOUSE users are sure. In this thread, they share their "" formulation recipes.
This topic contains ready-to-use drawings of country furniture made of wood - study, print and do!
Lessons, useful programs, master classes, experience in the manufacture and restoration of furniture and a lot of other useful information is collected here - for "beginners and not only".