After the election of the President, the procedure for assuming office provided for by the Constitution is carried out.
It consists in taking the oath by the President in a solemn atmosphere in the presence of members of the Federation Council, deputies of the State Duma and judges of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. The text of the oath is set in Art. 82 of the Constitution. It is formulated as follows: "I swear, while exercising the powers of the President of the Russian Federation, to respect and protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, to observe and protect the Constitution of the Russian Federation, to defend the sovereignty and independence, security and integrity of the state, to faithfully serve the people."
An important characteristic of the oath is that it is taken to the people. The oath of the President, like any other legally enshrined oath, defines those general requirements and guidelines for activities that the President must strictly observe, in which he swore an oath.
The Constitution does not provide for the taking of the oath by persons acting as President in the event of early termination of the powers of the elected President and temporarily performing such powers. It is also not envisaged to take the oath again if a new Constitution is adopted during the term of office of the President.
It is from the moment of taking the oath that the President takes office and at the same time the powers of the former President are terminated. The need to take the oath also applies to the President elected for a second term.
Provided in part 2 of Art. 82 of the Constitution, the solemn atmosphere of taking the oath is designed to show the importance of the act of inauguration of the new President, to make this act public, testifying to the high status of the head of state. There is a special Protocol governing the procedure for the inauguration of the President. The Chairman of the Central Election Commission announces the resolution on the election of the President. The President of the Constitutional Court shall take the oath of the President. After that, the Chairman of the Federation Council lays a chain with the President's sign on the President. This sign is a symbol of presidential power and is transmitted to each next newly elected President. The inauguration of the President is broadcast on television, radio, takes place in the presence of representatives of state bodies, political parties, public associations, representatives of foreign states.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation links the term of the inauguration of the newly elected President and his taking the oath with the term of the end of the term of the former President.
The Federal Law on the Election of the President of the Russian Federation specifies these terms, and also provides for the terms of the President's inauguration in cases of early or repeat elections. The newly elected President assumes office after four years from the date of the inauguration of the President elected in the previous presidential elections, and in case of early elections, as well as if repeated elections are scheduled by the day of the expiration of four years from the day the former President took office President, on the 30th day after the official publication by the Central Election Commission of the general results of the presidential elections in the Russian Federation.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation does not stipulate the possibility of extending the term of office of the President by postponing new elections in the event of hostilities and other emergencies. However, the federal constitutional laws "On martial law" and "On the state of emergency" establish that elections to state and local government bodies, as well as referendums are not held, that the Federation Council and State Duma continue their work throughout the entire period of the state of emergency ... It follows from this that the presidential elections are not held in the event of the expiration of his term of office, and the latter is extended by the State law of the Russian Federation. Ed. Kutafina O.E. - M .: TK Welby, 2004, p. 186.
In the constitutions of individual foreign states, one can find provisions governing the terms of office of the President in such situations. Thus, the Constitution of Moldova stipulates that the term of office of the President can be extended by organic law in case of war or catastrophe. A similar norm, without specifying the act by which it is established, is contained in the Constitution of Romania. In Greece, in the event of a war, the term of office of the President is extended until the end of the war.
The need for the President to take the oath is stipulated in most constitutions of foreign countries, and the assumption of office of the President is associated with the oath.
In all constitutions, including the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the taking of the oath by the newly elected President is a legal act, which is associated with the moment the President takes office. In principle, the refusal to take the oath by the President should result in his failure to take office. However, direct references to such consequences in constitutions are found as an exception. Thus, the Constitution of the Czech Republic establishes that the refusal of the President to take the oath or taking the oath with a reservation is considered as the non-election of the person by the President. In the Slovak Constitution, such actions entail the invalidity of the presidential elections.
Although such norms affect purely hypothetical situations, it is obvious that failure to take the oath by the elected President means that he will not take office. This follows from the meaning of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation does not provide for the institution of a vice president. In the past, such a position was established during the presidency of M.S. Gorbachev and initially in the Russian Federation until 1993, vice presidents were elected at the same time as the President (no separate voting was carried out for vice presidents). However, this institution has not justified itself in our country.
Instructions
The solemn ceremony, according to tradition, begins at noon, and its duration is at least an hour. A few minutes before the appointed time, the motorcade of the future President enters the Grand Kremlin Palace through the ceremonial Spasskys. With the first strike of the chimes, the future state will enter the Andreevsky Hall through the Georgievsky and Alexandrovsky ones, and then rise to the podium.
Previously, the standard and the State flag are brought into the Andreevsky Hall. There is a special protocol by which their exact location on the stage is determined (with an accuracy of a centimeter). In addition, the President of the Constitutional Court places on the rostrum where the President's Sign and the Constitution are adopted. The chairmen of both will also rise to the podium after the chairman.
At this time, guests of honor will already be in the Andreevsky Hall. In total, about two thousand people receive invitations to the Kremlin for the inauguration ceremony. They will take places in the Alexander and Georgievsky halls. However, the event “in all its glory” can be seen, perhaps, only by TV viewers, who can broadcast from all halls and from different viewing angles.
The future head of state must pronounce the text of the presidential oath, putting his right hand on the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Immediately after that, the President of the Constitutional Court will announce that the new President has taken office and will hand him the symbols of power. The national anthem will sound in the hall, and the standard of the head of state will be raised over the Kremlin.
As already noted, the President receives symbols of power, there are three of them in total: the Sign, the standard and the Constitution (the standard is, as a rule, in the office, but on trips it follows along with the head of state). The badge is a gold cross with the coat of arms of Russia. The item is covered with ruby enamel and attached to a gold chain. On the reverse side of the cross, the motto is carved: "Benefit, honor and glory."
There is also an "inaugural" copy of the Basic Law, but only in a single copy. It was made in 1996 by the decree of the first President of Russia (before Boris Yeltsin entered the second term). This edition is bound in dark red leather and embossed in gold. Now it is kept in the Kremlin, in the library of the President of the Russian Federation.
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The inauguration of the president is carried out on the thirtieth day after the announcement of the voting results in accordance with the law “On elections of the President of the Russian Federation”. Although the scenario of the ceremony is not spelled out by the law on elections, the celebration is taking place according to the traditional plan developed for the first president of Russia.
The inauguration procedure lasts about an hour and takes place in the state rooms of the Grand Kremlin Palace. In a solemn atmosphere, the president goes to the Kremlin, where he takes the presidential oath. The ceremony requires the presence of symbols determined by the presidential decree. This is the President's Badge, his Standard and a specially sworn copy of the Constitution.
The President of the Constitutional Court shall present the signs of power and of taking office. The standard of the head of state rises to the sound of the anthem. After that, the president makes a mandatory short speech to the citizens of the country. It sounds "Glory" to Glinka, from the side of the Kremlin embankment is made from thirty volleys. In conclusion, the head of state receives the parade of the presidential regiment.
The composition of the guests invited to the event is determined by the president's protocol service. The average number of guests is about three thousand people. The presence of members of the government, deputies of the Duma and the Federation Council, and judges of the Constitutional Court is mandatory. By their participation in the event, they strengthen the position of the head of state.
The heads of the administration, representatives of the electoral headquarters, proxies, and the president's wife are invariably represented as representatives of the president.
Other presidential candidates running for election are also on the guest list. The outgoing president is present at the event, he is considered acting until the new head of state is sworn in.
Representatives of the clergy, heads of diplomatic missions, public figures, scientists, representatives of the arts gather to witness the oath of the elected president and his solemn inauguration.
Sources:
- President's inauguration: Russian traditions
Do you know the meaning of the word "inauguration"? Literally it translates as "initiation into augurs". solemn entry into a new position. The ritual is borrowed from the coronation of monarchs. Today, this word, which was previously more widespread abroad, began to be used in our country.
Traditions
The inauguration of a president in Russia is always a very solemn and exciting ceremony. Its main attributes are the keynote speech, the anthem, the raising of the flag over the Kremlin, the oath. In our country, an inauguration is held every six years. This ritual takes place on the 30th day after the official presentation of the election results.
How is it going
The solemn inauguration, according to established tradition, begins at twelve o'clock in the afternoon. Its length does not exceed an hour. A few minutes before the start of the ceremony, the motorcade of the popularly elected President of Russia enters the Spassky Gate. As soon as the chimes begin to strike, he walks in and climbs onto a specially prepared podium. The presidential standard and the state flag are brought into the premises, which are placed in a certain order, according to the available protocol (with an accuracy of a centimeter).
On the rostrum where the oath will be taken, the President of the country's Constitutional Court places the President's Sign and the Constitution. Then the chairmen of both chambers of the Russian parliament rise to the podium.
Guests of the inauguration
Before the appearance of the future president, the Andreevsky and Georgievsky halls are filled with guests. As a rule, about two thousand people receive invitations. For the most part, these are representatives of science, culture, business, foreign and Russian diplomats.
Oath
The future president takes the oath of allegiance to the Fatherland. Moreover, his right hand rests on the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Upon its completion, the chairman of the Constitutional Court solemnly announces that the new president has taken office and solemnly presents him with the symbols of power. The national anthem is played, and the presidential standard is raised over the Kremlin.
Symbols of power
So, as you understand, inauguration is a procedure during which the legally elected president receives symbols of power in a solemn atmosphere. What's this? There are three such symbols in Russia - this is the Sign, the Constitution and the standard, which, as a rule, is always in the office of the current president, and only during trips he accompanies the head of state. The badge is a golden cross with the coat of arms of Russia. It is covered with ruby enamel and mounted on a powerful gold chain. "Benefit, honor and glory" - this inscription is carved on its reverse side. The inaugural copy of the Constitution of the Russian Federation exists in a single copy. It was completed in 1996 by order of Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin. The volume is bound in dark red leather and painted with gold lettering. He is constantly in the Kremlin, in the library of the President of Russia.
Putin's inauguration
Since 2000, when Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin first headed the state, distinguished foreign guests have not been invited to the ceremony. The Kremlin believes that the inauguration is an internal Russian event. The third inauguration of President Putin was very solemn.
This event took place on May 7, 2012. First, the previous president, Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev, toured the territory of the Kremlin. He said goodbye warmly to the soldiers of the Moscow garrison. In his speech, Vladimir Putin noted Dmitry Medvedev's great contribution to the revival of Russia. The President took the oath of office on the Constitution of Russia. The third inauguration is a more massive ceremony than the previous ones. Three thousand guests were invited - State Duma deputies, members of the Constitutional Court, government representatives.
After the official inauguration procedure, Patriarch Kirill blessed Vladimir Putin. Then a moleben was served to serve the Fatherland. For Kirill, this inauguration is the first ceremony when the president was blessed. Boris Yeltsin entered his new office without the blessing of the church.
Now you know what an inauguration is, how the ceremony takes place, what traditions appear in the reviving Russia.
2. At what age can one become a candidate for the post of President of the Russian Federation?
a) from the age of 21
b) from 35 years old
3. What is the name of the solemn procedure for the inauguration of the head of state?
a) Dedication.
b) Oath.
c) Inauguration.
4. For how long is the President of the Russian Federation elected?
a) For 4 years.
b) 6 years.
a) Refusal to participate in elections
b) Participation in elections
c) Election campaign
6. How many consecutive terms can one and the same person hold the office of President of the Russian Federation?
a) Three terms
b) Two terms
c) One term
7. A citizen of the Russian Federation who permanently resides in Russia for at least ...
c) 10 years
8. What is the name of the right to nominate one's candidacy for positions, in any government bodies?
a) active suffrage.
b) passive suffrage.
c) general suffrage.
a) It has
b) Does not have
10. Where was the first election held? (In Ancient Greece).
11. what was the first bulletin? (A stone slab on which the name was engraved. In Russia it was a birch bark bundle on which the name of the chosen one was written).
12. What proverbs can characterize the position of a person who refuses to participate in elections? (My hut is on the edge, I don't know anything. My shirt is closer to my body. After me, even a flood. After me, at least the grass won't grow. I don't care about anything. I am a small person - nothing depends on me).
13. In French "talking shop", in Israel - the Knesset, in Iran - the Mejlis, in Ukraine - the Rada, and in Russia? Federal Assembly
14. Translated from Latin - dressed in white, assigned to the appointment; translated from French - applicant; and in Russian? CANDIDATE
15. Does the observer have the right to issue a ballot paper? No (Chapter 4, Article 30, Clause 7 of the Federal Law)
17. The Federal Law "On Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights of Citizens of the Russian Federation" was adopted ... on June 12, 2002.
18. A disabled woman of group 1 is not able to come to the polling station, but she has issued a power of attorney for her daughter. The election committee considered that the ballot paper could be issued to the daughter and the daughter had the right to vote for her. Are the actions of the commission legal? No, such citizens are given the right to vote outdoors
19. Situation number 1.
Hello dear observers. Come in, take your seats. And we have already prepared everything for the arrival of voters. In order not to waste your time, we even sealed the ballot boxes. In order not to create queues, we allow the whole family to enter the voting booths. After all, they are relatives, what should they hide from each other.
Situation number 2.
From a conversation with an observer.
I went up to the mobile group and asked: “How many ballots do you take with you?”. And they answered: “We don’t count, we took a pack, suddenly we’ll call on someone else”. The counting of votes was done as if we were an empty space. The ballots were not presented, for whom they voted - nothing is known. He asked to show the voting protocol - they refused.
Situation number 3.
From a conversation with a voter.
He came to the polls early, and there were no observers yet. And the members of the commission write something and throw batches of ballots into the ballot box. And one of the girls took me into a booth, and even advised me who to vote for. Well, I don’t mind - he’s probably a good person.
MAIN VIOLATIONS:
Situation number 1.
Failure to present empty ballot boxes to observers before sealing.
mass entry of a voter into a voting booth.
Situation number 2.
negligence in taking into account the number of ballots taken by the field group.
failure to present the bulletin to observers when counting in expanded form.
refusal to provide the observer with the protocol for voting.
Situation number 3.
lack of observers.
stuffing of falsified ballots.
campaigning on election day.
20. In one American film, an adventurer, a petty thief named Johnson becomes a member of the Senate thanks to his famous name. Voters voted not for an idea, not for a person, but for a well-known name. "Who are we voting for?" - the husband asks his wife. “As always for Johnson. We always vote for the Johnsons. ”
Describe the political culture of this couple.
21. One voter said: “I didn't know which party to vote for. I voted for the one that is directly opposite to the party, which I do not sympathize with. Let the latter be worse. "
The second responded by saying: “I didn’t know who to vote for either, and I didn’t drop the ballot for anyone.”
The behavior of which of these voters seems to you politically more literate, more mature?
22. "Elections and the Law"
1. A citizen, on election day at a polling station, voting, presents a birth certificate. Does he have the right to vote?
2. On election day a group of people came to the polling station with a mouthpiece and campaign posters in favor of one of the candidates. What will be the actions of the election commission and observers?
3. The person decided to vote in another city because he was on a business trip. He came to the polling station, but he was refused to vote. Why?
4. An elderly person came to the polling station to vote, but poor eyesight did not allow to put a signature in front of the desired candidate. He turned to the election commission for help. Actions of members of the election commission.
6. The young man came to the polling station for the first time. Describe the voting procedure.
7. Voters asked the members of the election commission with questions about the candidates and their programs. Actions of members of the election commission.
8. A person came to the polls, but he is not on the voter lists. How to be?
Answers "Elections and the Law"
1. No. Not eligible, since the voter must present an identity document - a passport or military ID. Birth certificate does not fit.
2. Actions of the election commission and observers - fixing a violation, since campaigning on the day of elections is prohibited.
3. The refusal of the election commission was caused by the fact that the voter had to take an absentee certificate in his city, at his precinct, or to vote in advance.
4. The member of the electoral commission will invite someone from the voters who are at the polling station to help the elderly person. In this case, the member of the election commission will write down the data of the voter who helped opposite the data of the elderly voter.
5. Yes. The elections are considered valid if 25% of voters have voted.
6. Arrive at the polling station, show a member of the election commission a passport, sign in front of your data on the voter list, receive a ballot, go to the voting booth, put any sign in front of one of the candidates or in front of the line “against all”, put the ballot in the ballot box for voting.
7. The election commission has no right to disclose information about candidates on election day. The Election Commission will invite people to come to a decorated stand - "voter's corner", where there will be information about the candidates (photo, biography, profession, life principles, election program).
8. The voter will be invited to approach the secretary of the election commission, where he will be entered into the additional voter list and given a ballot paper.
25. Solve the crossword puzzle.
Horizontal answers: 1. Party. 2. District. 3. Publisher. 4. Voter. 5. Immunity. 6. Duma. 7. Deputy. 8. Questionnaire. 9. Totalitarianism.
Vertical answer: 1. President.
Part of the formal coronation procedure for monarchs has become an integral part of the inauguration ceremony of a democratically elected head of state. Inauguration is a ceremonial event for the newly elected president to come to power. In most countries of the world, the American protocol, diluted with national specifics, is adopted as a model.
general information
Inauguration is a solemn procedure for the inauguration of the head of state. In most countries of the world, this is a more or less democratically elected president or other senior government official. In monarchical countries, this is a king, a sultan, a prince, and in little San Marino, the heads of the country are two captain-regents. Previously, the ceremony was part of a more formal and lengthy procedure for the coronation of the monarch.
The name comes from inauguro, a Latin word that translates as "dedication" or "blessing". The root word augur can be translated as "prosperity, success" or "multiplication."
What the ceremony includes
The ceremony in different countries of the world is held in different ways, but in any case, the central episode is the moment of official inauguration. The head of state swears and promises to faithfully serve the country and the nation, give all his strength for the good of his people. The dates of the inauguration and the taking of the oath may not coincide. In the United States, for example, if the term of office of the previous president expires on a day off, then the president-elect takes the oath of office on the same day. The date of the inauguration is set the next day, and the president repeats it in a public ceremony.
For the security of the oath, the person taking office usually places one palm on the holy book while taking the oath. They usually swear on the Bible, the Koran or other sacred text or constitution. In Azerbaijan, for example, the president swears simultaneously on the Koran and the constitution. In many countries, the ritual also necessarily includes the procedure for kissing the state flag. After taking the oath, the head of state usually makes a keynote speech. For many citizens of the country, the inauguration is the most solemn part of the final process of electing the head of state.
History of the event in Russia
In the modern history of the Russian Federation, a total of seven ceremonies have taken place. In 1991 and 1996, Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin solemnly entered the highest government post. The record holder for the number of participation in such events is Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (2000, 2004, 2012 and 2018). Once in 2008, Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev was the protagonist.
In the early years, the 30th day after the official announcement of the election results was determined as the date of the inauguration of the President of Russia. In 2003, legislation established the date for the ceremony on the day on which the term of office of the incumbent expires. Since 2000, this day always falls on May 7th. The first two ceremonies were held in the Kremlin Palace of Congresses, since 2000 the inauguration has been held in the Grand Kremlin Palace in the state halls: Andreevsky, Alexandrovsky and Georgievsky.
Russian features
The scenario of the inauguration of the President of Russia is not legally regulated. Obligatory, in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, is the taking of an oath to the people. The ceremony must take place with the obligatory presence of the heads of the Constitutional Court and other officials.
When he was sworn in as the first president of Russia in 1991, he took the oath with his right hand in the area of his heart. In subsequent years, a hand was laid on the Constitution. At the beginning of the ceremony, servicemen of the guard of honor company bring in the state flag, the Constitution and signs of state power. The president-elect passes to the chimes and the sound of fanfare, rises to the podium to take the oath. At the end of the ceremony, the head of state makes a keynote speech.
In Russia, inauguration is a ritual that reflects the country's centuries-old history. In accordance with the current legislation, broadcasting of the event is mandatory for state-owned television companies. And although the broadcasting time is not determined by law, all media outlets always broadcast live.
After the oath
After taking the oath, the head of state is considered to have taken office. He was given the symbols of power and a special award "For Merit to the Fatherland", which was made in a single copy. Initially, it was worn by the new president; since 2004, the sign is simply used as an attribute of the ritual.
The inauguration is the final part of the inauguration of the head of state. After that, the presidential standard is raised over the residence building, on the shaft of which is attached a silver plaque with the name and date of the president's stay in office. The end of the event is marked by a salute of two artillery batteries of 30 volleys. At the end of the ceremony, the President receives the Presidential Regiment parade.