Grapes are a tasty and healthy delicacy. Berries have a tonic and tonic property. They have a positive effect on breathing, the work of the heart and blood vessels. How to store grapes so that there is always an opportunity to strengthen the immune system? There are several ways, which are described in the article.

What varieties should be chosen?

The duration of storage of bunches is determined by the density and level of maturity of berries, sugar content. To persistent include medium and late-ripening varieties of dark color, treated with a wax coating. This substance serves as protection against pest damage, drying out and mechanical damage.

bunches for long storage you should choose loose, with large whole berries sitting on the stalks. Unripe and overripe fruits spoil quickly. An important parameter the sugar content of the berries is considered - the more it is, the better the keeping quality. For winter storage suitable for the following varieties:

1. "Moldova".
2. "Lydia".
3. "Alden".
4. "Tyfi pink".
5. Muscat of Hamburg and Muscat of Alexandria.
6. "Senso".
7. "In Memory of Negrul".
8. "Moldavian black".

This grape is practically unaffected by fungi. At the same time, it retains its taste and aroma for 4-6 months, and does not lose color for a long time.

Correct collection

Before you learn how to store grapes, you should follow the rules for collecting and growing. Even if the appropriate variety is selected, this is not a guarantee of long shelf life.

The conditions for growing and harvesting berries are important:

1. Due to excessive watering, the shelf life of grapes is reduced. 40-45 days before harvesting, irrigation of the bushes should be completed. As a result, unnecessary moisture comes out of the berries, and sugar increases.
2. Part of the clusters (up to 25%) is removed from the bushes, which improves the keeping quality of the fruit. If the vine is not unloaded in time, the berries will begin to crumble and wither. For storage, they are unlikely to go.
3. You need to properly feed the grapes. If a nitrogen fertilizers(mineral or organic) will be used in large quantities, then the harvest will not last long. And phosphorus-potassium compounds can increase the sugar content and extend the storage time.
4. Fruits must be protected from fungi and viruses - affected fruits quickly deteriorate.
5. Collection is best done on a sunny day. Cut the grapes quickly, and then transfer them to the shade. Do not assemble in the early morning and late evening.
6. If you store the crop in a suspended form, the brush should be cut off in the area with a fragment of a vine 7-9 cm long.
7. Clusters with a comb can be placed in boxes.
8. To protect the wax coating from damage, assemblers need to work with thin gloves. In this case, you should not touch the berries.

If grown and harvested correctly, you should know where to store the grapes so that valuable substances are preserved in it.

in the cellar

How to store grapes in the cellar? Before laying, the bunches should be inspected, and damaged fruits should be removed with tweezers. It is not necessary to wash the grapes, as the wax coating will be eliminated, which will cause it to deteriorate quickly. The cellar or basement must be prepared in advance. This culture is afraid high humidity, incorrect air temperature, mold and pests. It is important to observe the following rules:

1. The room must be thoroughly ventilated. It needs to be ventilated periodically. Then it will turn out to protect the crop from dampness and mold.
2. If the temperature in winter is below zero, then insulation will be required, since the grapes must be stored at a temperature of +1 to +8 degrees. At high rates, the berries lose moisture and dry out.
3. The humidity should be 80%. It will be drier if you put a bucket with charcoal, sawdust or quicklime.
4. To prevent the formation of mold on the walls, the room must be whitewashed with lime. And to eliminate pests, fumigation with sulfur or a pair of quicklime is used. Disinfection is performed a month before laying the crop for storage so that the grapes are not poisoned by poisonous particles.
5. Do not leave fruits with smelling products. Vegetables shouldn't be around either. Some, for example, potatoes, zucchini form moisture, which adversely affects the berries.

After completing the preparation, the grapes must be placed in the cellar for the winter. This is done in several ways.

Water containers

This method is ideal for small crops. How to store grapes with this method? The clusters must be cut with a vine, the long end of which is then transferred to a bottle filled with water. The container should be fixed at an angle so that the brush hangs freely.

Add a tablet of activated charcoal or aspirin to the water - they will not multiply putrefactive bacteria. This will keep the berries fresh. Periodically, it is necessary to perform a cut on the vine so that there is a more active absorption of nutrients. So the berries are stored for at least 2 months.

On the wire

How to store grapes on a wire? The brushes must be tied in pairs with twine, wrapped around the combs. Then you need to hang the crop on a stretched wire, rope or wooden poles. The clusters should not touch each other, so the supports are placed on different height. This method is suitable for spacious rooms.

Berries remain fresh and do not lose their taste for 3 months. Burlap or polyethylene should be stretched under the clusters so as not to crush the berries. After all, an vinegar fly will appear on damaged fruits, infecting the entire crop.

Crates or wooden tubs

How to store grapes for the winter in this way? Sawdust 2-3 cm thick should be laid out at the bottom of the container, after which grapes are placed on them. It is important that the clusters do not touch. The tub or box must be filled to the top, alternating fruits and bulk material, and then loosely close the lid so as not to disturb the air exchange.

At the end, sawdust is laid. Before laying the container should be fumigated with sulfur. No need to use pine or spruce sawdust, as they adversely affect the taste of berries, it is advisable to choose linden or poplar. The best filler is cork powder.

You can use low boxes, which should be lined with straw, clean paper or natural material, on which clusters of berries are stacked, ridges up. Berries are stored in a container for 1.5-2 months. To protect the crop, you need to inspect it every 2-3 weeks, eliminating spoiled fruits.

On shelves

The racks should be about 80 cm deep. The clusters are easy to turn over or take out. Optimal distance there will be about 30 cm between the shelves. Straw is a softening bedding. It is preferable to use straw ash, which is considered an excellent antiseptic, and also serves as protection against pests and fungus. Clusters should be laid in one row with ridges away from you to make it easier to inspect the crop.

Fridge

Are grapes stored in the refrigerator? The device will keep the fruits for a long period. If the harvest is small, then this option will be the best. In industrial conditions, the fruits are placed in sealed chambers, where the gaseous environment is regulated.

How to store grapes in the refrigerator? It must be placed in the "freshness zone", where the temperature is from 0 to +2 degrees, and the humidity is not less than 90%. In this section, the product will be stored for up to 6 months without loss of taste and nutrients. Grapes should not be washed before being placed in the refrigerator. The bunches should be laid in one layer so that the ridges are up. Do not wrap tender fruits in polyethylene - this will cause mold.

Freeze

Grapes can be stored in the refrigerator freezer. In this case, the berries retain their taste and benefits. Fruit should not be re-frozen. Dark varieties stored longer than light, but different cultures are suitable for freezing.

Clusters must be cleaned of debris, damaged berries, and then washed and dried. The fruits should be laid out on a tray and placed in the refrigerator for 2 hours. Then for half an hour you need to remove the grapes in the freezer. Then it should be packaged in containers and frozen. To save, you can use not only all the brushes, but also individual berries. Light varieties are best frozen in sweet syrup: sugar (1 cup) and water (2 cups) are required.

With defrosting, the berries should be poured with cool water for an hour. You need to eat them right away. But it is even better to hold the grapes on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator from 10 to 18 hours. Then the defrosting will be smooth, because of which the taste will become saturated.

Grapes are a wonderful gift of nature, which can be consumed not only in season. With proper storage the berries will be at home within a year.

Many years of experience have shown that the highest percentage of survival and the largest increase in vegetative bushes in subsequent years is obtained from their own planting material. For survival and further development grape seedlings are significantly affected by the duration of mailing, the difference in climatic, soil and other growing conditions, etc. When the plant "came into the world" and transplanted to a permanent place within the same area, the picture is completely different, especially if we are talking about the organic vineyard.

There are many ways to root a vine. This and diversion Chinese way, and indoor cuttings "on the water", cuttings in cups, in moss, sawdust, etc. However, the most practical and less troublesome open-air grape school.

How to choose a grape stalk for winter storage and its further planting in school

For growing own-rooted seedlings in shkolka, annual three-eyed cuttings are used, cut in autumn from fruit-bearing bushes during pruning. It is preferable to cut the cuttings from the middle part of the vine, since it is there that the buds are most developed and more fruitful.

When choosing vines for cutting cuttings, which will become seedlings in the near future, you should first of all pay attention to the degree of their ripening. Usually matured vine has a bright light brown color, hard tissues and crackles when bent. The unripe vine in most cases has a dirty green color and a wrinkled surface - such a vine is not suitable for cuttings.

The bush from which the cuttings are cut should not be affected by fungal diseases such as mildew, oidium, etc. The vine on such a bush, as a rule, has gray-brown spots, a specific smell and is completely or partially unripe. When pruning, such a vine must be carried away from the vineyard and burned, leaving only healthy shoots on the bush. These healthy shoots can also be used for cutting cuttings.

Ashes from burning diseased vines can be used to fertilize grapes and other crops, but diseased vines should never be used in compost and mulch, for obvious reasons. Only by putting it to the fire, you can benefit from it for the vineyard. Also unsuitable for cuttings is a vine with mechanical damage to the bark, buds and core.

The timing of cutting cuttings usually coincides with autumn pruning grapes. For a sheltered vineyard, this is usually the end of October - the beginning of November (in the central and northern regions of Ukraine), mainly after the first autumn frosts or natural leaf fall, but not earlier, since in October there is an outflow of nutrients from the leaves into the woody part of the bush, and lose these substances are useless.

When harvesting cuttings, one must take into account such an important circumstance as the preservation of moisture in the tissues. It is believed that moisture loss below 35% of the wet weight of the cuttings leads to the death of 50% of the buds. A cutting that has lain in the sun without shelter for 5 hours has a zero survival rate. In order to avoid such embarrassment, immediately after cutting, we place the cuttings in water for 6-8 hours, tie them into bundles, ventilate them a little and, having treated them with a “phytodoctor” according to the instructions, put them in storage.

And yet, as practice has shown, cuttings of double length retain moisture better during storage. That is, we cut them into 6-8 eyes, and in the spring before planting we cut them into three-eyes.

There are many ways to store harvested grape cuttings in the winter. You will eventually try some of them yourself, you will hear about the results of others from familiar winegrowers. But we will focus on two, the most reliable and simple. And, of course, effective.

The first method of storing grape cuttings

We prepare the cuttings as mentioned above, and put them tied in bundles in plastic bag, sprinkling with wet sawdust. We tie the package loosely, leaving the opportunity for the cuttings to breathe. After that, the package with the cuttings is placed for long-term storage in the cellar.

The storage temperature of the cuttings should be within 2 ... 4 ° C. Usually a cellar, which is dug out by standard scheme well meets these requirements. Plus or minus a couple of degrees is acceptable and will not significantly affect the storage of cuttings.

Just in case, it must be emphasized that it is better to use a cellar for storing grape cuttings in winter, but by no means a basement. high-rise building, where heat communications are likely to pass. The temperature in such cellars is usually much higher than necessary for storing cuttings. Under such conditions, they begin to actively breathe and waste nutrients, eventually best case very weak seedlings will be obtained.

But if the temperature in the basement or garage corresponds to the above, then why not store the seedlings there? Just do not forget to visit occasionally and check the moisture content of the sawdust. Dry - sprinkle with water, but do not overdo it, the sawdust should be moist, but not wet. And do not forget to fasten a tag with the name of the grape variety on each bunch of cuttings to avoid regrading.

The second way to store grape cuttings

Suitable for those who cook a large number of planting material, as well as for summer residents who live in the city and do not have a cellar on the site, but there is a basement, but warm. The essence of this method is that the rooting material is stored directly on the site in a specially prepared trench.

When choosing a place for a trench, preference should be given to protected places with a slight elevation: near a fence, a barn or other outbuildings.

• Elevation is needed so that melt water or rain does not flood the storage with cuttings.
• A groove dug around the wintering trench with water drainage towards the natural slope can also serve as an obstacle to extraneous moisture.
• If you are not too lazy and dig a groove longer, then the water diverted from the pit with cuttings can be directed to the beds marked for the future - let them store moisture for the summer.

The size of the wintering trench depends on the amount of harvested vines. Typically, the depth of such a trench is 50 cm, and the length and width can be arbitrary. The cut cuttings, previously tied into bundles with tags, are laid on the bottom of the wintering trench, having previously sprinkled the bottom with a 5-cm layer of wet sand. We fill the storage with bunches of cuttings, while trying to tightly lay the bunch to the bunch and pour 7-8 cm of wet (but not wet!) Sand on top. Finally, we pour 25-30 cm of earth on top of the sand, which was taken out of the pit. Simple and convenient.

If you wish, you can put a light canopy over the pit - for example, a piece of roofing material or a sheet of slate. The downward-sloping edge of the slate can be placed over the groove to drain the water, and it will flow to our beds. Excess moisture for the beds is not a hindrance, especially if our garden is carried out according to the organic principle, then the beds, like a sponge, will absorb the moisture that is precious to them. And then we need to water less.

The third way to store grape cuttings

Incredibly simple but effective. It is more suitable for those who want to root a few cuttings, as they will be stored in the usual household refrigerator. “A few cuttings” is, of course, a relative term.

In an ordinary household refrigerator, you can store about 200 grape cuttings without embarrassment for food, and this, believe me, is a lot for a summer resident. By the way, take note, you can also successfully store seed potatoes.

After cutting, we wrap the cuttings in a damp, clean natural cloth, put them in a clean plastic bag and put them on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator. We leave a small hole in the bag for air access and periodically, as the cloth dries, we moisten it with water. Sometimes it may be necessary to change the cloth - the smell will tell you everything.

The main thing in this method is not to confuse the refrigerator with the freezer, otherwise anything can happen.

With the onset of spring, we begin to prepare for planting grape seedlings in.

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Simultaneously with the pruning of grape bushes in late autumn, it is customary to harvest shoots (they are also called chubuks) for further reproduction. Find out a few useful ways storage of cuttings.

For harvesting, they take grown over the summer and well-ripened vines (pencil-thick) with a uniform color. Very thin, affected by fungal diseases or damaged by pests, as well as fattening (more than 12 mm thick) shoots are not suitable. In chopped chibouks (50-70 cm long), stepchildren and antennae are removed. Then they are tied into bundles and a label with the name of the variety is attached.

To prevent fungal diseases, the bundles are treated with a fungicide solution (3-5% solution of copper or iron sulphate, 3% Bordeaux liquid, 3-5% Azofos solution) - sprayed from a spray bottle, slightly wetting the surface of the shoots.

In the box

Chopped cuttings can be stored in the cellar or basement in wooden box about 1-1.5 m high and 15-20 cm longer than the shoots. A 10-15 cm layer of wet moss (sawdust, sand) is poured onto the bottom of the box.

Then they put one row of cuttings connected in bundles, located at a distance of 5-8 cm from the side and end walls. Again pour a layer of moss. And so several times. The last row of cuttings is covered with a 10-15 cm layer of moss, the box is covered with a lid.

Chubuki grapes are stored with constant access to air, since during this period vital processes, including respiratory ones, take place in their tissues. With a lack of oxygen, tissue self-poisoning occurs, which leads to the death, first of all, of the kidneys inside the eye.

under the film

Can be used instead of a box polyethylene film. Shoots, lined on all sides with wet sawdust, sand or moss, are laid in the basement or cellar directly on the floor, and covered with a film with holes (perforation) for ventilation on top.

in a bag

You can store cuttings in plastic bags. One bunch of vines is placed in each of them. From above, the bag is loosely closed, and holes are made along its entire length for air access.

In the fridge

A small amount of shoots can be stored in the refrigerator. They are wrapped around damp cloth(in one layer), lowered into a plastic bag (it is either tied loosely, or holes are made in it) and placed on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator.

During storage, the shoots are periodically taken out, inspected, if necessary, moisten the fabric and pack again.

In the dig

This method of storing grape cuttings is simple but effective, because the soil does not allow the shoots to dry out and is a good thermal insulator. The place for the pit is chosen so that it does not flood, and is also protected from the cold northern winds. The pit is dug out so that 10-15 cm remain from the edges of the stacked beams to the walls of the trench, and the depth would allow all the beams to be accommodated (but not deeper than 1.2 m). A layer of sand is poured at the bottom of the pit, then spruce branches or moss are placed. Above - bunches of vines in one row.

If the weather is very dry, the cuttings must be kept in water (15-20 ° C) for 2-6 hours before storage. This technique contributes to the saturation of the tissues with moisture and, accordingly, the best preservation of the shoots.

Each layer of beams is sprinkled with sand, moss or earth. The space between the vines and the walls of the trench is filled with sand or spruce branches. The last row is covered with a 10-15 cm layer of sand (or covered with spruce branches, and on top - a layer of earth 10-15 cm). When the air temperature drops to 0 ° C, an additional 20-60 cm layer of earth is poured (depending on the type of soil and terrain conditions). If the soil is loamy, it is enough to pour a 20-25 cm layer of earth. If covered with peat, it should be poured with a thickness of 50-60 cm.

In the spring, when the soil temperature reaches 2-4 ° C, the cuttings should be taken out. Otherwise, they may become moldy or some of their eyes will swell.

During the winter, periodically check the grape cuttings stored in the basement, cellar or refrigerator and, if necessary, moisten the substrate. Do not allow the temperature to drop to -1 ° C, as well as its increase to 4 ° C - this leads to the germination of eyes and the occurrence of diseases.

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20.08.2016 12 741

How to keep grapes fresh for a long time?

Simultaneously with pruning bushes in late autumn, it is customary to harvest shoots (they are also called chibouks) for further reproduction grapes. For harvesting, they take grown over the summer and well-ripened vines (pencil-thick) with a uniform color. Very thin, affected by fungal diseases or damaged by pests, as well as fattening (more than 12 mm thick) chibouks are not suitable.

Have sliced chubukov(length 50-70 cm) stepchildren and antennae are removed. Then they are tied into bundles and a label with the name of the variety is attached. To prevent fungal diseases, the bundles are treated with a fungicide solution (3-5% solution of copper or iron sulfate, 3% Bordeaux liquid, 3-5% Azofos solution) - sprayed from a spray bottle, slightly wetting the surface of the shoots.

In the box

Sliced ​​cuttings can be stored in a cellar or basement in a wooden box about 1-1.5 m high and 15-20 cm longer than the shoots. A 10-15 cm layer of wet moss (sawdust, sand) is poured onto the bottom of the box. Then one row of cuttings connected in bundles is placed, located at a distance of 5-8 cm from the side and end walls. Again pour a layer of moss. And so several times. The last row of cuttings is covered with a 10-15 cm layer of moss, the box is covered with a lid.

Instead of a box, you can use plastic wrap. Shoots, lined on all sides with wet sawdust, sand or moss, are laid in the basement or cellar directly on the floor, and covered with a film with holes (perforation) for ventilation on top.

in a bag

You can store cuttings in plastic bags. One bunch of vines is placed in each of them. From above, the bag is loosely closed, and holes are made along its entire length for air access.

ADVICE, If the weather is very dry, the cuttings must be kept in water for 2-6 hours before storage (+ 15 ... + 20 degrees). This technique contributes to the saturation of the tissues with moisture and, accordingly, the best preservation of the shoots. In the spring, when the soil temperature reaches + 2 ... + 4 degrees, the cuttings should be taken out. Otherwise, they may become moldy or some of their eyes will swell.

A small number of escapes Keep refrigerated. They are wrapped with a damp cloth (in one layer), lowered into a plastic bag (it is either tied loosely or holes are made in it) and placed on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator. During storage, the shoots are periodically taken out, inspected, if necessary, moisten the fabric and pack again.

In the dig

This method of storing grape cuttings is simple but effective, because the soil does not allow the shoots to dry out and is a good thermal insulator. The place for the pit is chosen so that it does not flood, and is also protected from the cold northern winds. The pit is dug out so that 10-15 cm remain from the edges of the stacked beams to the walls of the trench, and the depth would allow all the beams to be accommodated (but not deeper than 1.2 m). A layer of sand is poured at the bottom of the pit, then spruce branches or moss are placed.

Above - bunches of vines in one row. Each layer of beams is sprinkled with sand, moss or earth. The space between the vines and the walls of the trench is filled with sand or spruce branches. The last row is covered with a 10-15 cm layer of sand (or covered with spruce branches, and on top - a layer of earth 10-15 cm). When the air temperature drops to 0 degrees, an additional 20-60 cm layer of earth is poured (depending on the type of soil and terrain conditions). If the soil is loamy, it is enough to pour a 20-25 cm layer of earth. If covered with peat, it should be poured with a thickness of 50-60 cm.

Periodically check grape cuttings stored in the basement or cellar and, if necessary, moisten the substrate. Do not allow the temperature to drop to -1 degrees, as well as its increase to +4 degrees. - this leads to the germination of eyes and the occurrence of diseases.