Enotera, and among the common people - night violet, a flower of amazing beauty that blooms only after sunset. In just a few minutes, from a blue-green evening primrose bush, it turns into a bright lemon candle. About the conditions in which this flower can be grown in your garden, what should be the care, how evening evening primrose lives in the open field and what varieties to choose, and further discussion will go.
Evening primrose description: varieties and varieties
In culture, there are about 20 species of perennial evening primrose. The height of this plant, depending on the species, ranges from 30 to 200 cm. Evening primrose flowers are large, poppy-like, most often yellow color, but also pink and white, have a magical scent.
Fragrant evening primrose will brighten your evening garden when other flowers are closing their buds
The vast majority of evening primrose varieties bloom at night, but there are also those that bloom during the day. On cloudy days and in cold weather, the flowers are open all day. The life span of evening primrose flower is very short - one night. And the next night it will bloom already new flower... In addition to its beauty, the perennial evening primrose is famous for medicinal properties... V folk medicine decoctions from the roots are widely used for washing wounds, bruises, and decoctions from leaves and flowers - for indigestion. Essential oils are also produced from perennial evening primrose.
Common types of evening primrose:
Planting a plant
Planting evening primrose is most often done using seeds. The prepared seeds can be planted at the very beginning of spring for seedlings in pots and boxes, or after the frost leaves, directly into the ground. However, in this case, flowering will come only next year. Seeds are sown to a depth of 2-3 cm.
The place for evening primrose can be set aside both sunny and shaded. An important factor there must be good drainage of the soil for site selection. Evening primrose is much easier to tolerate a slight drought, stagnant water.
Whichever place you choose to plant evening primrose, provide the plant with good drainage.
Evening primrose is undemanding to soil, but it will feel very good in loamy loosened soil.
In May, seedlings are planted in the ground at a distance of 50 cm from each other. It is at this distance that plants will feel comfortable. After planting, you need to slightly moisten the soil with a watering can.
Advice. When planting seedlings, it is necessary to deepen it as deeply as it has been planted in pots.
Plant care
No special care evening primrose does not require. Fertilize the soil before planting, and so that young plants do not wither, remove the weeds in a timely manner. Evening primrose tolerates dry weather, but it is still better to provide the plant with timely watering.
It is best to remove wilted buds during the flowering period. And at the end of the season, the stems are completely cut to the ground. It is advised to shelter evening primrose for the winter in cold regions, as well as where winters are most often with little snow, but frosty.
If the winter in your region is rather warm, the culture can be left untouched.
Advice. Evening primrose is so easy to transplant that, if necessary, it can be done even during the flowering period.
Fertilizing and feeding evening primrose
In order for the evening primrose to grow quickly and bloom magnificently, gardeners are advised to use top dressing. Before flowering, evening primrose is fertilized with superphosphate, at the rate of 1 tbsp. l. for each sq. m. At the very beginning of flowering, it is recommended to fertilize flowering plants or fertilize with calcium sulfate.
Before the beginning of flowering culture, feed it with mineral fertilizers
Attention. After you apply the fertilizer, the plant needs abundant watering.
Plant propagation
Evening primrose is propagated most often by seeds, but after several years of growth in one place, the evening primrose root must be divided. To do this, you need to dig out a bush and divide the rhizome into several parts, which are then planted separately from each other. In addition, evening primrose can be propagated by young stepchildren, which in a large number appear around the mother bush.
Evening primrose seeds
Diseases and pests
Enotera is perennial, planting and caring for which does not cause any trouble, also pleases with its resistance to various diseases and damage by pests. You are unlikely to encounter them even with minimal maintenance of your flowers.
Perennial evening primrose: combination with other plants
When growing evening primrose with other plants, one should take into account important feature this flower. Evening primrose root system is very strong and develops quickly enough. This can cause inconvenience to some neighbors in the garden if they are planted at an insufficient distance. Experienced gardeners It is recommended to limit the freedom of evening primrose by digging slate or metal plates into the ground around the plantings, thereby reducing the space for root growth.
Evening primrose in the flowerbed
Enotera perennial in landscape design
In landscape design, evening primrose looks very good in group plantings. High varieties are best placed in the background of flower beds, and multi-colored bells, daylilies and delphinium are perfect for neighbors. Low varieties are most often planted on alpine hills in a composition with lobelia and ageratum. If you plant an evening primrose along the paths and illuminate with several lanterns or spotlights, then you will get an unforgettable beauty of a luminous path of flowers. Select best combination for his landscape design Numerous photos will help you. Feel free to experiment.
Enotera in landscape design
Despite how unpretentious the evening primrose is perennial, for some reason its cultivation is not very common among gardeners. But anyone, even the most inexperienced gardener, can grow this beautiful flower on their site. Good germination when sowing in open ground, the undemandingness of soils and the absolute unpretentiousness of this truly delightful night flower will not leave anyone indifferent.
Evening primrose bloom: video
Enotera: photos
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Enotera perennial - beautiful and unpretentious plant, which is increasingly planted in gardens. It is not difficult to grow it, and it is definitely worth doing: the original flower garden will provide an upbeat mood for the owners of the site and everyone who is nearby.
Enotera is the Latin name for a large genus from the Cyprus family. The botanical name is primrose, but we have more common poetic folk definitions: night candle, evening or night primrose, even the night violet - this is the name of the biennial evening primrose for its enchanting flowering.
Description
Enotera is a plant of the American continent. It came to Europe at the beginning of the 17th century and since then has spread all the way to the east of Asia. Annuals, biennials and perennial plants outwardly similar, from 30 cm to 2 m in height. Evening primrose has a powerful root system, located at a depth of 25 cm. Erect or drooping stems bear oval, lanceolate or feathery leaves of a dark green color, in some species even with a bluish tinge. They serve as an excellent backdrop for bright yellow poppy flowers.
The buds are formed in the axils of the leaves one at a time, sometimes they form a bunch. Enotera is decorative almost all summer, starting from the second half of June. Flowers with a diameter of 2 to 10 cm open constantly every evening or during the day in cloudy weather, live for several hours, emit a delightful aroma. Pollinated at night. Tiny seeds ripen in capsules, their germination capacity lasts up to 3-4 years. Petals different types are yellow, white, pink. Florists have created many amazing hybrid forms.
Types and varieties
Several types of evening primrose are more suitable for growing in the middle lane: beautiful, shrub, Missouri, stemless. These flowers are easy to plant and maintain, and are quite hardy.
Biennial, or large-flowered
The romantic evening primrose flower, or night candle, amazes with its rapid transformation from a blue-green bush into a bright garland of large yellow flowers exuding a delicate fresh scent. Propagated by seeds. Erect stems rise up to a meter or more. Flowers of intense lemon-yellow color, 4-5 cm in diameter. They open in a matter of seconds, emitting a slight rustle.
After the emergence of seedlings in the first year, the seedlings form a leaf rosette. The peduncle appears next summer. This species is beautiful in the background of a flower garden or in a strip planting along buildings. Romantic partner for tall delphiniums, astilba, daylilies. It can reproduce by self-seeding, but rarely.
The most common varieties:
- Evening dawn - plant up to 90 cm, flowers up to 4-4.5 cm;
- Pinocchio - grows up to 120 cm, fragrant flowers- up to 5 cm.
Enotera "night candle" will be a wonderful companion for evening walks if you place it along the path.
Missouri
A short, creeping perennial evening primrose Missouri grows up to 40 cm. Oval or lanceolate leaves are very densely arranged, and also have a peculiar picturesqueness. Single flowers appear from June to September. Large ones, up to 10 cm, “glow” at dusk or partial shade due to their intense yellow color. At good care practically hide the leaves underneath.
There are several popular varieties of Missouri evening primrose.
- Solveig - height 20-25 cm, bright yellow flowers.
- Gold - up to 25 cm, blooms until the end of August.
- Night candle - up to 30 cm, pale yellow petals.
- Yellow River - very low stems, 20 cm. Corollas 5 cm in diameter, abundant flowering.
Enotera Missouri is harmoniously combined with ground cover plants, low aquilegia and irises, petunias, marigolds.
Bushes do not tolerate winter well or simply degenerate. You need to take care of reproduction and new plantings in advance. cozy place... For the winter, cover with a 10-15-centimeter layer of sawdust, spruce branches, peat.
Shrub
Evening primrose stems branch and form dense bush up to a meter high. Leaves are oval, dark green in color, grow dense. Flowers 3-5 cm in diameter, yellow, open in June-August. The bush is very decorative, not only in summer, during flowering, but also in autumn, thanks to the crimson leaves. The plant is unpretentious to care for, hardy, winter-hardy. Having cut off the stems for the winter, you can cover the bush with foliage or spruce branches.
When planting evening primrose in a flower garden, you need to organize sufficient space for its spreading roots (up to 50 cm). Shrub variety is restricted by a barrier of metal sheets or slate.
Beautiful
A low-resistant plant, subject to rapid degeneration, but the delicate velvet rug of fragrant white or light pink flowers with a yellow center makes a great impression. In sunny places it blooms for 2-2.5 months until mid-August. It grows up to 30-40 cm. The stems are inclined low to the ground, the leaves are lanceolate, serrated. Flowers up to 5 cm in diameter.
Good for growing from seeds that are sown in March. Seedlings are planted in a permanent place in the fall, followed by careful shelter or a year later, in the spring. Planting new plants and cuttings.
Suitable for growing in containers. An earthen lump with a rhizome is brought into the basement for the winter. Looks spectacular in the edging of a flower garden or on borders in the company of ageratum, veronica and lobelia.
Several varieties of beautiful evening primrose have been bred.
- Pink dream - up to 25-40 cm, flowers are pink and white, bloom in the year of sowing.
- Coquette orchid-pink- up to 20 cm, delicate shade of petals.
- Evening rose - height up to 40 cm, captivates with a charming aroma and white-pink petals. With early sowing, seeds can bloom in the first year.
- Free wind - height 50 cm, large snow-white flowers.
How to grow evening primrose?
All types of evening primrose reproduce by seeds. They are sown for seedlings in March. Before sowing, the seeds are treated with a fungicide in powder form, poured into a bag and shaking several times. Then, in a damp napkin, they are placed in the refrigerator for stratification until sprouts appear. Without germination, the seeds will sprout in 15-20 days.
Evening primrose seedlings work well peat tablets... Sow and in a container with a substrate from equally taken garden soil, sand and peat. Small seeds are mixed with sand and evenly spread over the surface. Sprinkle on top with a 5 mm layer of soil and moisten. The containers are covered with polyethylene and placed in warm place(temperature 18-20 ° C).
They are planted in a permanent place after the establishment of a stable heat. In the case of sowing in open ground from mid-May, flowering will occur the next year. Podwinter sowing is also practiced.
Prepare a place for a flower garden in advance. Planting evening primrose and caring for it provides for placement in a sunny or semi-shady area with good drainage. The ideal soil will be neutral loam with deep groundwater. A mineral complex is introduced at 30-40 g per 1 m 2 and 3 kg of humus. Sand is added to heavy soil.
Planting evening primrose in the shade will give you the opportunity to admire the luxurious flowers during the day.
Care secrets
- Plants are drought-resistant; during the summer, 2-3 abundant watering of 15-20 liters per 1 m 2 is enough.
- Before flowering, they are fed with superphosphate, 20 g per 1 m, or potassium sulfate, nitrophos, wood ash... After fertilization, abundant watering is needed.
- Faded stems are not removed, you can pluck withered flowers for the sake of aesthetics of the compositions.
- The entire aboveground part is cut off before winter.
- Once every 3-4 years, perennials rejuvenate by dividing the bushes.
- The unpretentious evening primrose also tolerates transplanting during flowering.
- A little sick if the requirements of planting and care are met.
The amazing beauty of evening primrose will reward the labor of growing seedlings. A beginner can also take care of a flower. The garden, illuminated by bright blooms, will acquire a special charm and an atmosphere of tranquility.
As soon as this stunning flower is not called, " moonflower"," Night candle "," star beauty ", all these bright epithets say essentially one thing, this plant blooms with the onset of night. It is in the dark that it will smell fragrant, luring nocturnal insects, and with the onset of morning it will close again and sleep. Because of this feature, the evening primrose flower is one of the most beloved garden decorations among many amateur flower growers. Today we will talk about the features of the cultivation and care of this plant.
What is this plant
Evening primrose flower - or primrose, is one of the brightest representatives of the Cyprian family. There are about 80 species of these plants, so your site may have a slightly different species external characteristics from the one that grows with the neighbors. Most often these are annuals, but there are also perennial varieties. These are tall plants, so choose a location where they won't drown out their neighbors. A large flower can be different shades(yellow, pink), the corolla opens in the evening, only in cloudy weather can it stand blooming during the day.
Main types
Evening primrose flower is very common in Russia in garden plots. This is facilitated by its endurance and unpretentiousness. The plant is capable of blooming in almost any weather conditions, easily tolerates spring and autumn frosts, and at the same time it is very bright. If you like to spend an evening in the garden with a cup of coffee, then you will witness an amazing spectacle every day. Tightly rolled buds open right before our eyes, petals unfold. What happens too slowly for ordinary colors, here you observe as if in accelerated shooting.
So, there are annual species that must be sown every year. They can be of different shades, most often pink and yellow. For example, Drummond, which produces large, bright yellow flowers. But they are not very popular. Most often, evening primrose flower is known as a biennial plant. It can be a multi-colored species, a biennial, whose flowers have a reddish-yellow tint. There is a yellow biennial, its peduncle reaches 25 cm in height, the flower is medium-sized, about 1.5 cm in diameter, but this is compensated huge amount flowers on the bush. Evening primrose flower is perennial, for example, it is a shrub species. A very large plant that is best planted where it will not interfere with others, and not in the center of the flower bed. Plant height up to one and a half meters, flowers are large, yellow in color. The so-called quadrangular view is also widespread. This is a plant that will delight you with its flowers from May to June, the rest of the time you will have to be content with only high peduncles, up to 45 cm.
Bloom
Evening primrose garden flower in May-June, depending on the species, is completely covered with buds. They resemble a tube in shape, the bud opens in just two to three seconds, and turns into large flower shaped like a saucer. Has an amazing scent to attract nocturnal insects, which are essential for pollination. The petals have a silky texture. Some species bloom willingly up to autumn frosts, that is, almost to snow.
Growing
The perennial evening primrose flower is an amazing species that should grow on every garden plot... Where else can you find a similar combination, a real beauty, queen of the moonlit night, and unpretentious, like the most common weed. It can grow in the same place for up to 10 years. Moreover, as rarely happens with ornamental plants, every year even more flowers will bloom on it than in the previous one. The choice of place will depend only on your preferences, it can be open sun or partial shade. Even in deep shade, the plant will feel perfectly acceptable.
Planting a plant
Care
As already mentioned, the evening primrose flower is surprisingly unpretentious. A photo of this plant can delight any grower, because with the onset of the evening the bush is completely covered with huge, bright inflorescences... The flower loves sunny areas, it will willingly grow in shaded areas, which are usually empty. And by planting a flower in the shade, you can admire its petals during the day, the corollas will not be closed for the day.
The evening primrose flower is the most undemanding to the soil. The photo often showcases beautifully flowering plant growing on stony, infertile soil. However, she prefers light, calcified soil. To make the flowering especially lush, it is advisable to feed the plants at the time of budding. Evening primrose is very drought tolerant, therefore it is ideal option for a summer residence where you do not come every day. However, prolonged drought and stagnation of water in the ground will lead to the death of the plant. Fungal diseases, viruses and pests bypass this plant by the side, therefore, in the most exceptional cases, it may be necessary to spray them against diseases.
Beneficial features
You probably know about evening primrose oil. It is a powerful antioxidant that helps rejuvenate the skin and relieve excess weight... The seeds of the plant are rich in gamma-linoleic acid, which is very important in cosmetology. It is difficult to extract oil from seeds on your own, as it is produced by cold extraction, but you can buy it at the pharmacy. It successfully treats hormonal imbalance and menstrual irregularities, ideal for hair and skin.
– this is perennial flower, which is known for its second names, namely: "night primrose" or "evening candle". The plant has earned such names due to its golden color of buds and abundant flowering in the evenings.
Did you know?The evening primrose genus includes a large number of annual, biennial and perennial herbal plants.
Taking care of a golden miracle is not very difficult, and we will prove it to you in this article.
The main types of evening primrose
There are about 150 types of evening primrose that are in demand by florists. Gardeners especially adore several types of plants: Fragrant, Large-flowered, Shrub, Missouri and Quadrangular.
Fragrant
This evening primrose loves shade very much. So the planting site should be in the shade, or there should be a small canopy nearby to shade the plant. Enotera Fragrant grows up to 1 m in height and is in perfect harmony with other flowers due to its growth. Evening primrose flowers are yellow and large. This species is special in that it can leave its buds open all day.
Large-flowered
Large-flowered evening primrose is also called two-year-old. It is one of the most popular species in the primrose culture and grows up to 2 meters. The flowers are bright yellow with a pleasant aroma, which is especially felt in the evenings or at night.
Did you know? They call her a donkey, most likely, because the evening primrose leaves look like donkey ears.
Shrub
This plant differs from other evening primrose species in that it grows up to 90 cm in height and has strong, well-branched stems with yellow branches. It is the flowers that make the evening primrose attractive, especially in autumn, when the leaves of the plant turn blood-red.
The homeland of this variety is the south of North America. It is a perennial herb that grows up to 40 cm in height. This undersized variety of evening primrose has large, single flowers that reach up to 10 cm in diameter. In shape, the flowers resemble cups. Enotera Missouri is unusual in that it blooms all summer until the very frost. The aroma is delicate and gives off citrus notes.
The homeland of this plant species is the east of North America. Evening primrose quadrangular grows up to 70 cm in length and has yellow thyroid inflorescences about 45 cm in size. These frost-resistant plants reproduce by dividing the bush. The flowering time of evening primrose tetrahedral is from June to August.
Features of planting and breeding evening primrose
Planting evening primrose will not be difficult for florists, as well as caring for the plant. It is from seeds that plant life begins. The main thing is to choose right place for planting evening primrose seeds. We will talk about this in the following sections.
Sowing seeds in open ground
Enotera is very fond of sunny places, so if your plot is on the south side, then the seeds are planted directly in the open ground. It is not very easy to grow evening primrose from seeds, as the plant requires certain conditions.
Evening primrose seeds are harvested until the end of September, but if the gardener for some reason did not do this, then the ants will simply spread them throughout the site.
Important!Evening primrose does not tolerate stagnant moisture, so the best place for planting there will be loam and sandy loam soil.
Immediately before planting seeds, the soil must be fertilized with potassium-phosphorus fertilizing and humus. The site for planting is dug up one shovel in depth and watered abundantly. Seeds are sown to a depth of 3 cm and covered with soil.
Planting evening primrose seedlings
Evening primrose can be planted directly in open ground, but some gardeners germinate seeds for seedlings initially. This has a definite plus, since the flowering of the plant occurs in the first year after planting.
To do this, florists plant seeds in peat pots in February. Cover the pot with foil until the first shoots appear. Then the film must be removed and watered sparingly until the plant has 5-6 leaves. Such seedlings dive into open ground no earlier than May. The depth of the holes for planting should be at least 50 cm. The distance between evening primrose seedlings should be 60 cm. After planting, the soil is moistened.
Did you know?Evening primrose is one of the plants that can turn an ordinary summer evening into a fairy tale.
Dividing the bush
The cultivation of this plant is not limited to seeds. You can use a method such as dividing the evening primrose bush. In May or early September, the bushes are divided into divisions and transplanted to a new place. Basically, creeping roots with a growing point are chosen.
It can be replanted throughout the season, even during flowering. Plants are tenacious and can maintain their appearance without water and soil for several days. After transplanting, the roots take root well and grow quickly.
Important!Do not repot the plant during hot periods of summer, as evening primrose can dry out.
Combining evening primrose with other plants
Because evening primrose has very strong roots that develop quickly, flowers can be uncomfortable for some plants if planted too close.
Evening primrose plants look beautiful and harmonious in group plantings. Tall varieties look great in the background, and bells or daylilies can be placed below.
If you have low evening primrose varieties, you can plant them on alpine coaster with lobelias.
How to care for evening primrose on the site
After planting evening primrose, you need to provide the plant with proper care.
Evening primrose does not like the constant stagnation of water at the roots, which leads to decay and death of the flower. The flower is watered in hot and dry periods of summer, since at this time the earth dries up a lot. Young plants require abundant and frequent watering.
In the first year, evening primrose does not require fertilization, since a nutrient substrate has already been added to the soil before planting. In the following years of life, the plant must be fertilized with compost. During active flowering and growth, potassium sulfate and wood ash are added to the top dressing.
Also, the soil under the plant should be constantly loosened. This saturates the earth with oxygen. Removing weeds is also important, as they can stunt plant growth.
Did you know?Evening primrose oil improves the well-being of women on critical days, helps to maintain a figure, and reduces the deposition of fat in tissues.
Autumn procedures and evening evening primrose shelter for the winter
Evening primrose pruning is carried out once, in the fall, since all aerial parts of the flower are cut off at soil level.
The plant is frost-resistant and does not need a strong shelter for the winter. After you have pruned the evening primrose, it will be enough to cover the ground with a layer of up to 5 cm in height. Peat or compost is used as protection. In the first year, young plants are covered with spruce branches. Enotera hibernates without problems and practically does not require care during this period.