Chinese carnation from seeds: growing seedlings and gardening. Chinese carnation: growing from seeds of annuals and perennials

Chinese carnation is a beautiful perennial plant. True, in regions with a temperate climate, it is grown as an annual. V landscape design Chinese carnation has been used for more than three hundred years (counting from 1702). And it is not surprising that many interesting varieties have been bred during this time.

Any carnation looks good on flower beds and borders, in containers displayed on balconies and terraces. Clove mixture different shades can be grown in the Alpine mountains, since such plants take root well on rocky soils.

General information

Chinese carnation is a relatively short flower with a straight, erect stem and narrow lanceolate leaves of a rich green hue (in some varieties, they have a twisted shape). The plant forms bushes up to 0.5 m high. But there are also dwarf varieties with a bush height of only 15 cm. It blooms from July to late autumn, so it will be a welcome crop in any garden, pleasing the eye when most plants are already withering. True, a lot depends on the region. In harsher climates, carnations will only bloom until August-September.

Her flowers are single or collected in "bunches" of 4 pieces. A description of the plant would be incomplete without mentioning the color of the petals. Initially, the Chinese carnation was not distinguished by a special richness of the palette - there were only the usual colors: red, white, bright pink. But over the long years of selection, varieties with the most fantastic colors have been bred - purple, white-red, cherry, pearl-white, almost always with a contrasting stripe along the edges of the petals. You can also find a variegated variety in which several shades are mixed.

The flowers of the plant are very beautiful. There are varieties with the usual finely toothed edges or deeply dissected. At one time, both terry and semi-double forms, as well as varieties with feathery petals, were bred. Interesting that terry hybrids can bloom longer than conventional varieties, up to 5 months. But flowering also begins a little later, somewhere at the end of July.

There is one more beautiful plant- Turkish (or bearded) carnation. It differs from the Chinese by the presence of bracts. The variety of cloves is amazing. In the garden you can grow the most different types and varieties.

Growing

No matter if there will be garden carnation or the home form grown on the balcony is very unpretentious plant that even a novice florist can handle. Annual varieties are propagated exclusively by seeds. Perennials can be propagated by cuttings and dividing the bush.

At home, seedlings are grown as follows. First, a suitable box or container is prepared (if any flowers have already been grown in it, it must be disinfected), a drainage layer is arranged at the bottom. The Chinese carnation prefers a well-hydrated, slightly calcareous soil. So the soil should be light and already damp before the seeds are planted. You can prepare the soil yourself by mixing peat with leafy earth and sand, or buy ready-made in the store.

Sowing is done in early spring... Seeds are planted in moistened soil and fall asleep on top thin layer the same soil, and then the container or box is covered with paper or film (in the latter case, due to the fact that the material does not allow air to pass through, regular ventilation is necessary). The temperature for germinating seeds should be 16-20 degrees. The soil needs to be slightly moistened so that it does not dry out.

Growing from seeds is not difficult at all. Usually, the sprouts appear after ten days, and soon they are picked. But it should be borne in mind that after the first shoots appear, the temperature in the room where the seedlings are grown should not exceed 15 degrees. So it is better to leave the plants on the insulated balcony or loggia.

It is very important that the soil remains moist, but not wet. In areas with a warm climate, perennial varieties can be transplanted into open ground in the summer, and where conditions are more severe, they are first transplanted into a greenhouse.

Chinese carnation can be grown in open ground... No need to sow directly into flower beds. It is better to find a place for seedlings, from where already grown seedlings can be transplanted to a permanent bed. This plant is not afraid of light frosts, so you can sow cloves in May. It will grow best in light partial shade, but direct sunlight is also suitable for these flowers. The flower bed should be set up in an area with good drainage.

Before planting, it is recommended to harden the seedlings for some time, two weeks should be enough for this. To do this, first you just need to open a window in the room, then start taking containers with plants to the balcony or terrace. The time spent outdoors should increase gradually.

When transplanting seedlings into the soil, you need to calculate the distance between them. Much depends on the variety, but it is recommended to stick to general rule- the distance between the bushes should correspond to their expected height. For dwarf varieties it is 10-15 cm, for undersized - about 20 cm, and for large varieties- about 30 cm. In order for the bushes to branch well in the future, you need to pinch the top of the seedlings over the fourth pair of leaves.

Chinese carnation ( lat. Dianthus chinensis) can be grown both as a perennial and as an annual.

In the weather conditions of our middle lane it is better to cultivate it by sowing seeds and growing seedlings, and then planting in open ground.

This is very reliable way , which, moreover, is quite inexpensive, unlike buying ready-made seedlings.

V garden design Chinese cloves are grown as border plant around the edges garden paths or in prefabricated plantings as a foreground plant.

Depending on the variety, it reaches from 20 to 40 cm and blooms with white, pink, purple, burgundy or variegated inflorescences.

Annuals

If you are breeding to grow Chinese cloves as an annual plant, sow seeds for seedlings in February-March into a light loose soil of leafy earth, peat and sand.

Sow randomly, then sprinkle with sifted soil and sprinkle the crops well from a spray bottle. Place the tray in a cool, bright place and moisten daily.

As soon as the sprouts reach a size of 4-5 cm, transplant them into separate containers. In the phase of appearance of 4 or 6 true leaves pinch the tops(this gives an incentive to the formation of new shoots).

From the second half of April you can start harden seedlings... It is important to start this procedure gradually so that the seedlings do not weaken and do not get sick - from 5-10 minutes, gradually increasing the time.

By mid-May hardened and up to 10 cm in size seedlings planted in open ground... To do this, make small holes at a distance of 30 cm, add humus to them, water them, plant seedlings.

After a couple of weeks, when the carnation takes root and grows, you need feed complex fertilizer.

April sowing (perennials)

Technology growing seedlings, which is sown in early April, is slightly different.

Prepare container, lay a thick layer of drainage on the bottom, then fill to the top with a moist, loose substrate of the following composition:

garden land;
sand;
vermiculite.

Above the surface of the soil spread the seeds Chinese cloves and sprinkle with a layer of vermiculite (3 mm). Carefully cover the planting with foil and set the container in a light warm place(temperature 18-20 degrees).

If you keep seedlings for more high temperature then they will develop faster, actively form leaves, but the flowering will not be so abundant. After the first shoots appear on the surface of the soil, the film can be removed.

Sudden temperature fluctuations negatively affect on the state of seedlings. Make sure that the night temperature in the room where the seedlings are located does not drop below 18 degrees.

Do not fill the soil, only moisten with a spray bottle: Chinese carnation does not tolerate stagnant water and is often affected by a black leg for this reason.

In cloudy weather, turn on the lamp for additional lighting. After the appearance one pair of real leaves, you can start picking seedlings into small individual pots.

When the seedlings are a month old (at the beginning of May), you need to start hardening of seedlings... You can take them out to the balcony, where it will be light and warm enough during the day, and 13-15 degrees at night, as is usually the case at this time of the year.

If you used to transplanted seedlings into transparent plastic cups, you will clearly see how much the root system has developed in small carnations (if necessary, individual specimens can be transplanted into larger dishes).

For a strong, lush bush pinch above the third pair of leaves.

Start planting seedlings in the ground only in the end of May when the last threats of spring frost are left behind. Please select sunny place, which covers the shadow at noon.

The soil must be loose, well fertilized. If some young plants managed to bloom before planting in open ground, it's not scary, for early varieties this is normal.

Leave a distance between bushes up to 20 cm - so the carnations will feel free and comfortable.

Little tricks:

Increase irrigation doses only during the budding and flowering period, the rest of the time, limit yourself to spraying - so the flowers will be larger.
Do not apply for cloves fertilizer with ammonium content. The best for her are complexes of the potash group.
From the third week of sowing you can start using growth regulators (2-3 times a week).
In hot and dry weather Increase watering and remember to mulch the soil around the flower.
Faded buds delete on time - so new ones will appear faster.

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If you leave the carnation for the winter, cut it to 10 cm above the ground and cover.
Seeds for sowing collect when boxes turn brown.

Try to grow at least one of the 300 to get started. known varieties Chinese carnation - a divine flower or flower of Zeus(this is how its name is translated).

Beauty, unpretentiousness, flowering duration - happy combination of all these qualities makes the Chinese carnation one of the most beloved flower crops our gardeners.

Each of us has our favorite flowers. It is a thankless task to say which flower is better or which is worse. They are all good and they are all unique. But the Chinese carnation really has features, thanks to which it can be recommended to everyone. Her bright flowers all colors and shades are able to decorate a flower bed, border, balcony, facade, whatever! She has a long and profuse flowering... It's easy to look after her. If you don't have a Chinese carnation in your garden yet, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the peculiarities of its cultivation and the variety of varieties. Without a doubt, this flower will become one of the most desirable for you.

Description of Chinese carnation

Chinese carnation - unusual ornamental plant, surpassing the usual analogue in brightness of colors and splendor of inflorescences. The use of this plant in garden design is very wide: chinese carnation you can decorate curbs, flower beds, flower beds, rock gardens, balconies, facades: in principle, anything. By the way, this plant is called carnation exclusively in our country. In world practice, it is known as the "divine flower". As the name implies, the homeland of the plant is China, as well as Mongolia and Korea. In our country, Chinese carnation is grown as an annual or biennial plant, although historical homeland it is a perennial. Externally, the Chinese carnation is a compact bushes up to half a meter high. The stems of the plant are thin, sometimes knobby, the leaves are long, thin and sharp at the ends. Today simple, semi-double and double varieties of Chinese carnations are known: they all differ in a wonderful delicate color of the petals, sometimes defiantly bright. The color of the petals of the Chinese carnation is found in following options: white; pink; burgundy; lilac; lilac. Currently, breeders have bred many other interesting shades of the plant: among them even such unusual ones as black and blue. In addition to the monochromatic color option, the petals of a Chinese carnation can be painted in two colors: with a decorative gradient transition. The flower is usually about 3 cm in diameter, sometimes up to 4 cm in size.

Sowing Chinese carnation seeds for seedlings

To admire the flowering of plants over a long period of time, you can grow seeds in April. We prepare a suitable container for this and lay out the drainage on its bottom. After that, we fill in the prepared, moistened mixture, consisting of garden soil, sand and vermiculite. After that, lay out the seeds and lightly sprinkle them with vermiculite. We cover the container with foil and put it in a bright place, with a temperature of about 20 ° C. After the emergence of shoots, and this will happen in a few days, the film must be removed. Care consists primarily in maintaining the temperature, it is unacceptable that it, even at night, falls below 17 ° C. The soil must be moistened, only with a spray bottle, in moderation. If the weather is not sunny enough, an additional light source should be used. After the appearance of a pair of real leaves, a pick will be required. After about three weeks, after the seedlings appear, the ambient temperature should be reduced. The night temperature can be gradually brought up to 12 ° C. For this, it is quite suitable glazed balcony, where you can slightly open the window at night. To make the bush lush, you should pinch, above the third pair of leaves. If the pick is made in convenient plastic cups, the process of root formation becomes clearly visible. If a sufficiently powerful earthen ball is formed, transplanting into a larger container may be necessary.

Planting seedlings of Chinese carnations in open ground

This flower can be grown as indoor culture, and can be used as a landscaping decor. Carnation is a light-loving plant that requires light soil with a moderate degree of moisture for its successful growth. Perfect place- an area that is exposed to direct sunlight. Before planting in the ground, it is fertilized, and the seedlings are planted at a distance of 20 cm.

The time when you can plant carnation seedlings in open ground is late May - early June. Refined and sophisticated Chinese carnation loves areas where it is dry and enough sun. The longer the daylight hours (16-18 hours), the faster it will bloom. With a lack of light, the stem becomes fragile, becomes thinner and wilts over time, and the flowers decrease in size. If you plant a carnation in the shade or partial shade, lush bloom you can't wait. Before planting, the site is dug up and fertilized with humus. If the carnation is planted in a flower bed, then you must first remove the weeds.

Before planting, a bed is prepared, and the seedlings are planted at a distance of 20-30 cm from each other. The sprouts are transplanted together with an earthen clod so as not to damage root system... To avoid breakage of the stems, when peduncles appear, a special peg is placed next to each carnation, to which the peduncles are tied.

Sowing Chinese carnation seeds outdoors

As soon as the snow melts and the earth warms up, it is necessary to start sowing seeds. Sowing outdoors should be done in early May. The difficulty in growing is maintaining temperature regime in nighttime. Harmful to seeds low temperature, so the plantings will have to be covered with a film.

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Before sowing, the seed should be soaked in succinic acid for 20 minutes. The solution must be made in accordance with the instructions. After the time has elapsed, the seeds should be removed, put on a napkin so that it draws in water, but it should not be dried out either. Before sowing, the bed must be loosened, weeds removed and shallow grooves made. When sowing seeds, do not place them close to each other! To avoid thickening of the planting in the future, you should mix the seed with dry sand and sow in the grooves. Top crops are sprinkled with a small layer of soil. After which the beds should be moistened.

Seeds germinate successfully at soil temperature +15 ºC and air temperature +20 ºC. It is clear that it is impossible to ensure the same temperature day and night, so the crops are covered with foil every evening. You can build a mini-greenhouse, so it will be more convenient to cover and hide it.

After 3 weeks, the first shoots can be seen. If planted densely, weaker seedlings should be removed, and stronger plants should be planted on optimal distance apart.

Chinese carnation care

To understand how to grow a plant, you should Special attention devote to mulching the soil. This will help achieve a long flowering period. In watering, you should adhere to a very moderate regime. The earth should not be brought to a dry state. It should be barely damp. Increase the watering doses only during the budding and flowering period, the rest of the time, limit yourself to spraying - so the flowers will be larger. In hot and dry weather, increase watering and remember to mulch the soil around the flower. Remove faded buds in time - this way new ones will appear faster. Do not use ammonium fertilizers on cloves. The best for her are complexes of the potash group. From the third week of sowing, you can start using growth regulators (2-3 times a week). It is also necessary to feed the plants when the budding period begins. Chinese carnation is affected by aphids, spider mites, and rust. Carefully remove all affected plant segments, treat with Bordeaux liquid. V last days July, it is recommended to prune the buds. Such an event will help achieve sustainable flowering in August. To make the plant overwinter painlessly, cut it back, leaving about 8cm. on top of the soil and take care of shelter. Collect the seeds for sowing when the pods turn brown.

Diseases and pests of the Chinese carnation

Usually, Chinese carnation grows without problems, planting and caring for which are carried out correctly. These flowers have few pests. Waterlogging, dense planting, overfeeding with fertilizers, potassium deficiency and an excess of nitrogen in the soil contribute to the appearance of diseases. Carnations, together with tulips, are affected by the same fungal diseases, so it is better not to plant them next to them. It is also not recommended to grow carnations for more than 5 years in one place, or the beds in the fall should be treated with fungicides. When red or dry spots appear on carnations, as well as when bushes wilt, regardless of watering, diseased plants must be destroyed, and the place must be treated with antifungal drugs. Spider mite and other pests to destroy with insecticides.

Beauty, unpretentiousness, flowering duration - happy combination All these qualities make the Chinese carnation one of our gardeners' favorite flower crops.

Chinese cloves are grown as annual plant and for seedlings, seeds are usually planted in February, in pre-prepared soil. The sowing process can be scattered. From above, the seeds must be slightly covered with loosened soil. It is necessary to moisturize very carefully, only with a spray bottle. In order for seedlings to successfully sprout from the seeds, the container must be exposed in a very bright place and periodically moistened only from a spray bottle.

Slightly grown seedlings should be planted in pots.

For plants to grow healthy, they do not need to be kept in a hot place.

It should be moderately warm and light enough. When real leaves begin to appear, the tops should be plucked. This will create side shoots. When growing Chinese carnations from seeds at home, you need to take care of hardening. To do this, at the beginning of May, you can gradually open the windows on the balcony, or windows. Already at the end of May, you should start planting in the ground, the distance between the plants should be about 30 cm.It is necessary to water the flowers regularly and after a couple of weeks, you can apply complex fertilizers.

Growing from seeds

To admire the flowering of plants, for a long period of time, you can grow seeds in April. We prepare a suitable container for this and lay out the drainage on its bottom. After that, we fill in the prepared, moistened mixture, consisting of garden soil, sand and vermiculite. After that, lay out the seeds and lightly sprinkle them with vermiculite. We cover the container with foil and put it in a bright place, with a temperature of about 20 ° C.

After the emergence of shoots, and this will happen in a few days, the film must be removed.

Care consists primarily in maintaining the temperature, it is unacceptable that it, even at night, falls below 17 ° C. The soil must be moistened, only with a spray bottle, in moderation. If the weather is not sunny enough, an additional light source should be used. After the appearance of a pair of real leaves, a pick will be required. After about three weeks, after the seedlings appear, the ambient temperature should be reduced. The night temperature can be gradually brought up to 12 ° C. For this, a glazed balcony is quite suitable, where you can slightly open the window at night. To make the bush lush, you should pinch, above the third pair of leaves. If the pick is made in convenient plastic cups, the process of root formation becomes clearly visible. If a sufficiently powerful earthen ball is formed, transplanting into a larger container may be necessary.

Seedlings

The first days of June are considered the best time for planting seedlings. At this time, it is already guaranteed that there will be no frosts. It is advisable to choose a place that is sunny, shaded from the intense heat of the day. The soil should be loose and have good drainage properties. It's not scary if you have to transplant already flowering plant, this is quite common. When planting, it is recommended to maintain a distance of about 25 cm between the plants.

How to care

To understand how to grow a plant, you should pay special attention to mulching the soil. This will help achieve a long flowering period. In watering, you should adhere to a very moderate regime.

The earth should not be brought to a dry state. It should be barely damp.

We must not forget to promptly remove faded buds. 20 days after the transfer, you must pay mineral fertilizers... It is also necessary to feed the plants when the budding period begins. In the last days of July, it is recommended to start pruning the buds. Such an event will help achieve sustainable flowering in August. To make the plant overwinter painlessly, cut it back, leaving about 8cm. on top of the soil and take care of shelter.

Each flower is special, but the Chinese carnation has a number of benefits that make it so popular. experienced gardeners... In addition to what she has bright color all shades, it is still very easy to care for it. It will perfectly decorate any garden, flower bed or balcony.

This plant is called carnation in Russia. Its name in Latin sounds like Dianthus - "divine flower". The legend says that Zeus and Jupiter loved the carnation. She was born thanks to Artemis, who punished the shepherdess for singing, and flowers arose from his drops of blood. The ascent of the carnation to Olympus is associated with struggle, which is why it symbolizes the French and October revolution, World War II.

The Chinese carnation is considered a more peaceful plant. She came to Europe from China, but Korea and Mongolia are also recognized as her homeland. Initially, Chinese carnation had burgundy strokes on the petals, but over 300 hundred years, as a result of active selection, many varieties with monochromatic petals have appeared. She also changed her life cycle- initially this flower was considered a perennial plant, but in our side it is grown as a biennial or annual.

The bushes of this plant reach a height of 10 to 50 cm and form thin green stems. In some varieties, nodules form on them. Many species have larger leaves, others have smaller ones, sometimes the leaves are slightly curled.

This plant forms a corolla of 5 petals with notches or fringes at the tips. The flowers of this plant are red, pink, burgundy, lilac, lilac, white, blue. Many species have bicolor petals. Their size reaches up to 4 cm, depending on the type of plant. Chinese carnation seeds are elongated, but easily damaged if handled carelessly.

The varieties of this plant include:

Plain carnation;
Semi-double;
Terry cloves.

Chinese carnation.

Double cloves are annual and perennial. The height of her bush is up to 50 cm. It propagates by seeds that have an oblong shape. Just like regular cloves, Chinese terry cloves should be planted in March in garden soil With river sand... Way further care is no different from the usual Chinese carnation. The difference between these two types is only that the petals of a terry carnation are mixed with cloves, which gives it an unusually attractive appearance. It has a straight stem, on which narrow lanceolate leaves are formed. Cloves Chinese terry mix has slots and stripes on the petals.

Diana Chinese carnation is an achievement of modern breeding. It is distinguished by a low bush up to 25 cm, unpretentiousness, early flowering, bright color and large flowers. Carnation Diana has single flowers with strongly cut edges of the petals.

Gallery: chinese diana carnation (25 photos)

Growing features

It takes at least a year for a healthy Chinese carnation bush to form. Therefore, after sowing perennial plants, they do not bloom immediately. Annual carnations, on the other hand, bloom immediately after several weeks of sunrise and are pleasing to the eye until the very frost. It is not difficult to take care of this plant, but it must be borne in mind that it is capricious in the choice of soil.

Throughout the summer, it needs to be fed with fertilizers. The soil must have good drainage without stagnant water. The plant produces more flowers in the sun than in partial shade. But in partial shade, it also grows and blooms. Since the roots grow in the carnation during the summer season, it must be planted at a distance of 20 cm from each other. If you are engaged in a clustering of plants, they will not have enough air. All varieties of carnations are propagated by seeds and only perennial variety- dividing the bush.

Planting a plant

It is easiest to grow Chinese carnations at home from seed and then plant them outdoors. To prepare the container, add garden soil with sand and a little vermiculite to it. Seeds are placed on the ground and sprinkled with vermiculite, which promotes their growth. You should start in March.

Seedlings are placed on a window in a warm, but not hot place, the air temperature should be up to +20. Be sure to install a drainage system to keep the ground moist at all times. After the sprouts appear, the pots are transferred to a room with a temperature of up to +17. When the plant grows up, it is separated from the rest in a separate bowl. It is possible to plant cloves on the ground only after the frost has passed.

This plant can also be grown in the open field, but the difficulty lies in observing the temperature regime. Most often suitable for temperate climates annual carnations... To achieve the desired result, before planting, the seeds should be soaked for 20 minutes in succinic acid, then allowed to dry a little, but not completely. Mix seeds with agrovermiculite and plant no more than 2 cm deep. optimal temperature the soil is considered to be +15 to +18, and the air temperature is +20. The soil must be moist. At night, cover the sprouts with foil or make a small greenhouse. In three weeks there will be sunrises that should be thinned out.

Reproduction methods

Reproduction of carnation is of two types:

Propagation by cuttings. Perennial plants can be easily propagated by cuttings. For this, shoots without buds are used, on which there are 4 leaf nodes. From bottom node retreat 1 cm and cut off the stalk. Two longitudinal cuts are made at the node, all leaves are removed, except for the upper ones, which are shortened. Next, the sand is calcined, allowed to lag behind, and the stalk is placed there, covered with a film. In the third week, provided that the humidity under the film is of constant temperature, and the sand is also wet, roots are formed.
Division of the bush. This method helps to get a new plant, with petals similar to the mother's color or terry. This method is not suitable for everyone, but only for those types of carnations that form a good rhizome. Breeding should begin in the spring. The plant must be dug out of the ground and divided so that there are three living buds left on each site, planted in the holes.

Care rules

After the seeds have sprung up and grow safely, the plants will require further care. In order for a carnation bush to grow, you need:

Provide uniform, moderate watering;
Do not allow the soil to dry out, it must always be moist;
Plants should be in full sun or partial shade;
Weed the flowerbed regularly;
3 times a season to feed with potash or complex fertilizers;
Cut off the faded buds from the plant;
In August, cut tall varieties to rejuvenate the bushes;
Cut off the green part of biennial and perennial plants, leaving 10 cm;
Cover in severe frosts.

Diseases and pests

These plants have few pests and grow well if properly cared for. Diseases can be caused by:

Waterlogging;
Dense plantings;
Calcium deficiency and excess nitrogen;
Overfeeding with fertilizers.

If this flower grows next to a tulip, then it can become infected with a fungal disease from it. It is not recommended to grow this flower for more than 5 years in the same place. If diseased plants appear, they should be destroyed, and the place should be treated with antifungal agents.

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