Houses made of wood, in addition to bearing walls, have interior partitions. They are made from various materials, but in a wooden frame, traditionally from wood (timber, logs, boards, boards). This article will be useful to those who want to make partitions in a wooden house with their own hands and do not know what kind of structure it is and what materials are used for manufacturing. ...
The interior partitions should be mounted after the house has completely shrunk. If we compare them with load-bearing walls for the construction of a house from a bar, then the structure is self-supporting. They are installed if necessary to make changes to the layouts and divide several residential areas. At the same time, they are responsible for the thermal insulation and sound insulation of these zones, but do not bear the cargo load from the second floor and the roof.
Partitions in a wooden house are easy to reconstruct and transfer from one place to another with your own hands without involving workers, changing the layout. This is their main difference from load-bearing walls. They may not be included in the foundation design and may have a lightweight base.
Thus, the main characteristics that interior partitions should have:
- Strength.
- Lightweight so you don't have to carry a heavy load.
- Do not have a massive and thick structure.
- Heat and sound insulation of a partitioned room.
- Support and support the weight of some household appliances and furniture.
For a wooden house, first of all, it is important to use environmentally friendly materials. Therefore, the partition structure must comply with all sanitary and hygienic standards and fire safety. For the construction, materials are used that are moisture resistant, approved for living quarters, well withstand open flames and are environmentally friendly. Moreover, they must be with good sound insulation.
Varieties of partitions in a log house
Of the structures that are mounted on beams and lags, they are subdivided:
- frame-panel board,
- wooden, joinery,
- solid.
A variety of modern building materials made it possible to make structures of several more types:
- Plasterboard.
- Glass.
- Designer (can be from any material)
Installing these types is not difficult and do it yourself mono. Let's talk about each design in more detail.
Frame-panel board
This is the most economical and common option for partitions. You can make frame divisions with your own hands, having some knowledge and a tool. They are constructed from a bar of 50x100 mm with a step of 50-60 cm. The horizontal strapping acts as a connecting link. It also gives the vertical structure additional stability.
The interior frame partitions are insulated with mineral wool or foam from 50 to 100 mm. On both sides, the structure is sealed with a vapor barrier material. It plays a protective role against moisture that forms in the living area, preventing it from entering the interior of the partition. The sound insulation that frame partitions receive after insulation is higher than that of other types. A partition is suitable for building a house made of laminated veneer lumber or other lumber.
The price for such a partition is on average from 100 rubles / m².
To give a smooth inner and outer surface, the structure is sheathed with plywood sheets of 7-10 mm, gypsum board or gypsum plasterboard of 10-14 mm.
Wooden, joinery partitions
For such a design, special carpentry interior partitions are used. They are decorated with either precious wood sheets or varnished or painted. Thermal insulation and sound insulation of this partition is low, therefore they are rarely used and only where these characteristics are not important. For example, for fencing off the dressing area in the bedroom.
The design of the joinery partitions belongs to the paneled ones. Has a strapping and paneled connecting panels. Such partitions are good in that they do not need to be trimmed.
This type of partitions has a price from 250 to 1500 rubles / m². The cost depends on the type of material. You can assemble it with your own hands, but first consult with specialists.
Solid partitions
A solid structure in a wooden house is usually made from the material that was used in the construction. So for the construction of a house from a profiled bar, the partition is assembled from a profiled bar 50x100 mm. Fiberboard or gypsum board is sheathed on top.
The rigidity of the system is given by metal spikes with a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 100 mm. assembly takes place on them. Above and below, the structure is fastened with triangular bars. On the sides, nails are connected to the load-bearing wall. Or, special grooves are made in the bearing wall, where the timber is placed during assembly. But this method of connection is recommended to be used if the house has not completely shrunk.
Sound insulation and thermal insulation of the structure depends on the quality of the timber. But if desired, it can be increased by flashing with a thin layer of foam. But then finishing is definitely needed.
The price of a timber system depends on the type of timber used for the construction of a wooden house. On average, from a profiled drying chamber it comes out from 250 m2. The most expensive device will be made of laminated veneer lumber.
Installation and construction of partitions from a board
After the construction of a wooden house, planed or not planed boards remain. They can be used to make interior partitions. For DIY manufacturing, material with a width of 150-200 mm and a thickness of 50-60 mm is suitable. The boards are connected to each other using a tongue-and-groove.
Before finishing, this structure is plastered. If the boards were planed, then the trim can be fixed immediately.
In order for the partition not to bend after plastering, the boards need to be split with a hammer and wooden wedges from 10-15 mm should be hammered into the cracks formed.
You can also make shields from the boards, which are then assembled into a partition. For this, materials of various lengths and thicknesses are suitable. Simply in this case, you can use all the building residues. The most optimal size for arranging shields is considered to be boards with a thickness of 20, 25 or 40 mm.
Shields with boards are made from two or three rows. And to increase thermal insulation and sound insulation between the layers, roofing material or cardboard, parchment paper or heat-insulating material are laid.
Making a double-layer shield
Boards are taken of any thickness, but the shield device should turn out to be no thinner than 40 mm. They are laid vertically by hammering them together with nails. Laying them is carried out with complete overlap of the joints. On the sides, each shield should have protrusions from the board of 25 mm with the help of these quarters, a connection occurs to each other. The result should be shields with dimensions: width - 0.5 or 0.6 m, length - 1.5 m.
For fastening, lags are used, which are attached to the ceiling and floor. A groove is made in the logs, where the partition is attached. After that, the structure is plastered or finished with gypsum board.
Making a three-layer shield
A structure is made of boards in three layers, so the best sound insulation is obtained. The thickness of the board is 19-25 mm. The upper and lower layers of the boards are laid vertically, the middle layer horizontally. Moreover, the middle layer of the boards can be thinner than the side ones. Fasten them along the seam to each other.
Quarters are left in the same way from the edges to fasten the shields into a single structure.
Cardboard or roofing felt is placed in two layers between 1 and 2, 2 and 3. Such boards have high sound insulation and are suitable for dividing rooms of any purpose. At the end, the boards are plastered on both sides.
What you should pay attention to when installing partitions
The most basic thing that you should pay attention to when installing a partition with your own hands is the construction of the floor. If the floor is laid on logs, right on the ground, as happens in country houses, then a separate beam is installed for the partition. The device should be fastened so that there is a 1 cm gap between the ends of the beam and the partition. Otherwise, the partition may be skewed when the ground moves.
If the floor is laid on beams, then the partition can be installed directly on one of them. But at the same time, you need to leave a small gap between the overlap and the strapping. It is also necessary to leave a small gap of 5 cm between the ceiling and the partition.
What material to use for finishing partitions
Partitions made of boards or panels are plastered and pasted over with wallpaper. Can be finished with gypsum board or chipboard on top. Which are also putty on top and primed. But chipboard has one drawback, when it absorbs moisture from the air, it bubbles up. So over time, the walls take on a wavy shape.
For damp and high humidity rooms, it is best to finish the walls of gypsum fiber board. It is also putty with a moisture-resistant putty and primed. Any finishing can be done on top.
We talked about structures that can be easily installed independently and even using the remnants of building materials. The choice is up to the readers.
Sometimes massive interior walls are not suitable for a small wooden house. The material of the walls from which the house is built, the foundation determine the choice of materials for interior partitions. Any building must first of all be safe.
What you need to know about the interior walls of a wooden house?
Any structure of the inner wall is self-supporting, it is necessary to form the interior, zoning the space. The partition is erected in compliance with building codes and requirements for:
- soundproofing;
- thermal conductivity;
- fire resistance;
- hygroscopicity;
- environmental friendliness,
applied to the entire structure of the house. The partition is not a bearing support; floor supports cannot be placed on it. They are not always included in the project of the house, they are installed, guided by the need to create separate premises for one purpose or another.
Important! A properly erected partition should be easily dismantled if necessary, for which appropriate fasteners are used. The correct design is one that can be rearranged to another place in the process of redeveloping a house.
The difference between walls and partitions
When redeveloping, it is often necessary to change the configuration of the space. Walls cannot be moved, but partitions can. The walls are the load-bearing element of the structure, their function is to transfer the load of the floors and the roof, as well as their own weight to the base or foundation. The wall differs from it in that it enters the floor cake, cutting it. The partition, like the wall, overlaps the height from floor to ceiling, but does not have a load-bearing function.
The requirements for the construction of partitions are different than for walls; they can be lighter and not as strong as walls.
The interior walls rest on the floor slab and rise to the ceiling, their density and mass should not exceed the same values of the load-bearing walls. All partitions are installed after the wooden house has shrunk. Premature installation can lead to unpleasant consequences.
Bearing walls in the process of shrinking the house over time sag, while the partitions are not susceptible to this phenomenon or dry out more slowly, falling as a result of the overlap, deforming them.
Partition material
For zoning a wooden house, there are many possibilities for choosing a material.
Brick, cinder blocks, building stone are materials that cannot be used for the construction of partitions in a wooden house. They need a separate foundation, a separate design, which is extremely impractical.
The most reasonable would be to use materials such as:
- timber:
- board;
- drywall;
- frame-panel materials, fiberboard, chipboard, plywood, OSB;
Each material has its own advantages, purpose and application possibilities.
A partition from a bar is not a cheap pleasure. However, among the advantages, one can note an extremely attractive appearance, high performance characteristics, the timber keeps heat well, does not let in noise. Installation of such a structure does not require special insulation, especially in the case of using a profiled bar, which, moreover, is easy to install.
Installation of the partition takes little time, it is considered the fastest of all possible options. You should use a beam of 100x100mm, in extreme cases, 150x150mm.
It should be said that any structures made of wood are most consistent with the style value of the interior, as well as the environmental indicators of a wooden structure. In addition, they are convenient to use, it is easy to nail a hanger, mirror, painting. They can be finished in different ways; plaster, wallpaper and decorative coating, varnish, stain are suitable. In any case, partitions made of wood should be treated with an antiseptic to exclude the possibility of fungus, mold, rotting and fire retardants, fire-fighting impregnations.
Sometimes a solid partition is made from the boards, this is a heavy structure, when using a board of 50 mm or more, additional lag is required for support to compensate for the weight. The boards are placed vertically; a 2mm gap is required on top.
Plasterboard partitions
Plasterboard structures are inexpensive, they are quite easy to install, they are quickly erected, they have good sound insulation, heat conservation, if they are equipped with an insulating layer. Utility networks and communications can be laid inside a metal or wooden frame.
As a rule, a 50x50 bar is used for the frame, if increased sound insulation is required - 50x100, the metal profile is standard. Modern moisture-resistant drywall can be used even in rooms with high humidity. The material is considered environmentally friendly.
Frame-panel partitions
It is clear that these are structures that imply a frame made of timber. Frame sheathing can be done:
- plywood, an environmentally friendly material made of wood veneer as a result of peeling wood, birch, other deciduous, as well as coniferous trees, plywood can warp from moisture, swell and exfoliate; disadvantages include the inconvenient dimensions of 1525x1525 sheets;
- Fiberboard, fiberboard or hardboard are produced by hot pressing of cellulose, synthetic polymer materials, it can contain paraffin, rosin, resins, as a rule, the material includes fire retardants, antiseptics, so the environmental friendliness of the material raises some doubts, however, as well as strength, it is better to choose fiberboard of the TSN-40 brand, which is the hardest and most durable;
- Chipboard, chipboard is made from chips, shavings and sawdust by pressing at high temperatures, it contains formaldehydes, phenols, resins with a total weight of up to 18%, this inexpensive material is not considered harmless due to the presence of harmful volatile compounds, the use of material requires aeration of the regular change of furniture, chipboard material is not quite practical for everyday use, this is due to the low ability to hold fasteners, after dismantling which, unpleasant recesses and dents remain after dismantling.
- OSB, oriented strand boards, the material is relatively new, easy to use, durable and reliable, since it is made of large wood chips 25 mm long, 4 mm thick by pressing using adhesives, the material is lightweight, with low thermal conductivity, high sound insulation, resistant to serious mechanical stress, however, just as plywood does not like a humid environment, is susceptible to fungi and other bioinfluences, has weak fire-fighting properties, the environmental safety of the material also raises questions.
No matter what material the partitions are made of, their purpose is to zone the space, therefore, when choosing a material, one should think about the weight of the material, its effect on health, fire safety and sanitary and hygienic compliance with living quarters.
Often in houses, design structures are made of wood, for which they use plastic, forged metal, fabrics, glass. The scope for creativity is unlimited. Partitions in two-story buildings require the calculation of the support on which they will be placed.
The device of the frame-panel partition
Design features
The design features of partitions can be presented in three versions, each of which is applicable in a wooden structure. The most common type of constructive solution is considered to be a frame-panel board. The frame is made of timber, as noted above 50x50 or 50x100, the inner space is laid with material for insulation and sound insulation. The frame racks are placed at a distance of 50 cm, the vertical racks are reinforced with a transverse strapping. Rigidity is achieved with triangular fasteners or a thorn-groove system. The frame is sheathed with plywood or other materials.
It is preferable to use mineral wool, lay a vapor barrier film inside the frame.
Solid partitions have increased strength, are expensive, and sometimes require additional support on the log. They are made from a 50x100 bar, the rigidity is provided with a groove-thorn system, fasteners. They are attached to the ceiling with bars, to the walls with nails, the first bar is attached to the floor. The finished wall can be sheathed with sheet materials, you can use the natural beauty of wood, enhancing it with varnish, stain.
Important! It is better to use profiled timber, which is available with ready-made grooves and spikes, it is easy to assemble, do not forget about impregnation with fire retardants and antiseptics.
Shield or plank partitions are the least rational option. They make a shield from boards installed vertically, insert it into the straps in the ceilings, the lower one is a bed and the upper one is a nozzle. For a two-layer board, you need a board with a thickness of 20-40mm, three-layer 20mm, single-layer 40mm. This type of wall involves the use of wet technologies in finishing, plastering, wallpapering.
Partition in the interior
When choosing materials for arranging interior walls, it is necessary to take into account the interior features of the premises. A wooden house sets the vector for finishing with the beauty of wood, it is a material that is difficult to spoil. Common materials lacquer, impregnation, stain, water-based paints do not mask the texture of wood, on the contrary, they emphasize, highlight its originality and uniqueness.
Partition as an element of the interior
So that the partitions do not get out of the general tone, but on the contrary emphasize it, you need to thoughtfully approach the choice of material and design. Clapboard decoration is the simplest of the suitable options, however, not the only one. It will not be superfluous to take a closer look at the profiles that imitate timber, use panels, bamboo, however, the choice is great, and it is yours!
Frame partitions in a wooden house are recommended to be installed after the completion of the process of the most intense shrinkage of the structure. So, for wild log cabins built from forests of natural moisture, this period can take 1.5-2 years, and for buildings made of timber or rounded logs - from 5-6 months to a year. Wooden frame houses or houses made of wood, subject to all the requirements of their construction technologies, practically do not shrink. Therefore, the installation of interior partitions (partitions) in them can not be put on the back burner, but started immediately after laying the roofing.
Requirements for partitions and materials used
Interior partitions made of wood are used to organize the main internal layout of the building or to isolate individual functional areas in the premises. They are lightweight self-supporting structures, as they are not subject to loads from interfloor ceilings or roofs. Their installation is possible almost anywhere, without preparation of the foundation, directly above the floor.
Partitions in the house must meet the following requirements:
- have a small mass so as not to create excessive stress on the floor structure;
- be characterized by the minimum possible thickness to preserve the usable area of the premises;
- ensure sufficient strength to hold hanging furniture, household appliances, interior items;
- provide the required sound insulation of one room from another;
- be assembled from materials that go well with the supporting enclosing structures.
Assembly features and materials of construction
When choosing materials for the construction of a partition in a wooden house, one should also take into account their cost, environmental friendliness, fire resistance, moisture resistance (for rooms with high humidity). For frame elements, you can use a wooden beam (with a cross section of 50x50 mm) or a board (40-50 mm thick and a cross-section width of the partition), which have undergone appropriate treatment with hydrophobic, antiseptic and fire retardant compounds. Installation of a supporting skeleton from a galvanized profile of gypsum plasterboard systems is not excluded. For guides, UW is suitable from 50x4o mm, for CW racks from 50x50 mm. The surfaces of partitions can be formed from sheets of drywall, plywood, OSB, fiberboard, wooden lining, blockhouse, as well as plastered on a non-planed board and wooden lath.
Soundproofing of partitions requires an integrated approach. They are solved depending on the type of enclosing structures and the requirements for the effectiveness of the acoustic barrier. For example, for an interior partition in a log house between the kitchen and the dining room (living room), it is quite enough to bookmark mineral wool for general construction purposes with a density of 30-35 kg / m 3 with a layer thickness of 50 mm. If a sleeping room is being planned, then it will require enhanced noise protection. It should be equipped with the use of profile soundproofing varieties of basalt wool, such as Acoustic Butts from Rockwool or Technoacoustic from TechnoNIKOL. But to create a really "quiet" room, the thickness of the mineral wool layer in the partition must be at least 100-150 mm.
The diagram below shows an approximate comparison of the acoustic characteristics of partitions with different internal structures. The efficiency of sound insulation against airborne noise is determined by the Rw index, the higher it is, the better. Obviously, the highest noise protection indicators can be achieved when assembling double partitions. They are characterized by an internal air gap and external cladding with at least two layers of sheet material.
IMPORTANT! If a frame partition in a wooden house is used to separate a room with high humidity, then a prerequisite is to insert a waterproofing film into its structure. The hydro-barrier is mounted on the side of the action of water vapor. It prevents moisture condensation in the fibrous layer, which ensures its safety and long-term performance.
Arrangement of expansion gaps
The constituent elements of a building made of wood materials throughout the entire period of their operation are subject to constant deformational changes. They are caused, first of all, by the high hygroscopicity of wood. Its fibers, saturated with moisture, swell or shrink, drying out. Neither the preliminary chamber drying of natural material, nor its processing with special chemical compositions, can completely prevent these processes. Therefore, even after the completion of the most active phase of the shrinkage of the structure, at which the moisture content of its supporting structures reaches its minimum values, expansion gaps should be provided for all embedded elements. Thus, the partition in a wooden house will not be squeezed between opposite walls or between the ceiling and the floor, which means it will not be deformed.
In established buildings
compensation gaps around the perimeter of the partition are at least 10 mm. After sewing the frame with sheet material, the cracks near the walls and floor can be filled with polyurethane foam. It is able to firmly hold the baffle while at the same time playing the role of a shock-absorbing pad. But it is recommended to fill the expansion joint above the partition with fibrous material (felt, tow, mineral wool).
In new buildings
In the event that frame partitions in a wooden house must be installed immediately after its construction, then the gaps above them should be increased by 50-80 mm (standard shrinkage value). Consequently, the height of the structure to be mounted will be less than the height of the overlapping opening between the floor and the ceiling by 60-90 mm. The reserves for compensating for deformations near the walls remain the same - 10 cm from each of the vertical ends of the partition.
Partitions in a wooden house made of hewn logs or rounded logs can be mated to the walls in two ways. The first way is to cut out the mating grooves in the wall logs along the line of the vertical end beams of the partitions. Tow is stuffed into the grooves between the beams and the walls or strips of mineral wool are placed for additional heat and sound insulation. The method provides excellent alignment of structures without interfering with their mutual vertical displacement. However, if an unforeseen redevelopment of the interior space of the room is necessary, rectangular wood samples will remain on the wall. Making them invisible can be difficult.
The second way is to arrange the elements of the frame with compensatory indents from the walls. In this case, the mating sections are closed either with curly cutouts for logs, or with straight plinths with shelves of 40-50 mm. In a similar way, you can decorate the joints of partitions with the floor and ceiling, choosing the size of the skirting boards in accordance with the values of the deformation gaps.
IMPORTANT! Fastening of corner strips is allowed only to one of the surfaces. For vertical - this is to the wall or to the partition. Forhorizontal - only to the ceiling or floor, since they cannot be fixed to the partition!
What tools are required to assemble frame partitions
The device of partitions in a wooden house with your own hands is carried out mainly on the basis of lumber. Therefore, for their processing and installation, you need the following tools:
- electric or chainsaw, jigsaw, but you can do with one hand hacksaw;
- drill, screwdriver;
- slick;
- axe;
- hammer;
- tape measure, square, float level, pencil;
- construction stapler.
It is convenient to mark the location of the structure with a laser level. You can also do with a dye thread or a simple twine. They are fixed on opposite load-bearing walls, allowing you to mark the lines along which the partition will adjoin the floor and ceiling.
The sequence of installation of a wooden frame partition
Important! Partitions often do not need to be prepared for a special base. However, in the case of their installation over significant spans of floors or the installation of a massive structure, it may be necessary to strengthen its base. In this case, an additional beam is laid with the support of its ends on the foundations of the walls.
Frame fabrication
- On the ceiling, floor and load-bearing walls, the projection lines of the frame partition are marked.
- Rigid fastening of the end beam is allowed only to the floor. The horizontal support element can be installed directly onto a thick damper pad, for example made of felt; or fix it on steel brackets with a gap, which will subsequently be filled with mounting foam.
- Install vertical end beams, securing them with temporary rigid ties to the walls.
- In the joint location of the future doorway, two rack beams are also mounted. Their vertical position is controlled by a float level, and temporary fixation is carried out by oblique spacers to the floor.
- Install the upper horizontal end piece. Often it is made up of several parts connected by steel plates. Plates are placed on the upper and lower planes of the beams. It is recommended to calculate in advance the places of such connections so that they would be above the vertical posts.
- After assembling the frame of the frame partition, the internal vertical posts are mounted with a pitch of 600 mm. It is optimal for laying mineral wool heat and sound insulation with a standard slab width of 610 mm.
- It is recommended to make horizontal bridges of short bars inside the formed cells in a checkerboard pattern (taking into account the height of the cladding material, if it is sheet). This will not only make it easier to fix the lintels and sheets, but also give the frame additional rigidity.
- At the location of the doors, a horizontal element is mounted to the vertical bars, limiting the top of the opening. It is reinforced with an additional short vertical post to the upper horizontal bar.
- Rigid temporary connections with walls are replaced with floating ones. They are made in the same way as for.
Important! With a certain amount of professional skill, you can avoid the establishment of temporary connections. End vertical beams are initially fixed with floating elements of the type shown in the figure below.
Filling and sheathing
- After the cells are filled with mineral wool, the interior partition made of wood is sheathed on both sides with a vapor barrier membrane (shot with a stapler). In this case, it is important not to confuse the direction of vapor diffusion - it must be provided with an outlet in the direction from the insulation, i.e. from the inside of the partition. Membrane strips are fixed with overlaps, and puncture points with staples, damages and joints are glued with adhesive tape intended for this purpose.
- If the frame is sheathed with plasterboard, OSB or plywood, then their sheets are fixed with an offset of the joints, which are then putty. The resulting surfaces can play the role of rough or semi-finishing and are subject to further processing in accordance with the selected technology. If a lining or blockhouse is used as a cladding, then they only need to be coated with paints and varnishes.
Finally
Interior partitions in a wooden house are not complex engineering structures, so they can be easily installed on their own. To carry out the work, it will be enough to have basic carpentry skills, as well as a minimum set of household tools. Nevertheless, you will have to be patient, to be careful in performing the operation of marking and fitting the elements of the partition.
Do not forget about the rules of electrical installation and fire safety, if electrical communications are laid inside the partition. It is important to remember that hidden installation of electrical wiring in wooden structures is allowed only in metal pipes (steel or copper).
There are many designs of interior partitions, they can be used regardless of the materials from which the house is built. It is important to make partitions technologically correct and ensure their compliance with exactly the requirements that are necessary for certain premises.
Among the vertical structures inside the house, load-bearing walls and partitions are distinguished. Ceilings and roof structures are supported on the first, they themselves must rest on the foundation, and on the second floor - on the lower wall. The position of the bearing walls on the plan of the house is rigidly fixed.
Interior partitions are not load-bearing structures. They only divide the inner space of the house, bounded by the main walls, into separate rooms. Therefore, they can be made from both heavy massive materials (for example, brick) and lightweight materials (for example, drywall, wood). Sound insulation, environmental friendliness, aesthetics, the possibility of redeveloping the space depend on the material and quality of the partitions.
Requirements for interior partitions
All interior partitions in the house must:
- be strong and stable so as not to endanger the occupants;
- maintain the required service life, in some cases equal to the service life of the house itself;
- do not have cracks on the surface and in places of abutment to other structures (so as not to become a haven for insects, rodents and a moisture accumulator).
In addition, there are special requirements:
- for partitions of bathrooms and laundry rooms, resistance to moisture and steam is important. It is desirable to make them from waterproof materials, but the main thing is to prevent moisture from entering the structure. This problem is solved by a cladding made of waterproof material;
- for partitions of the second floors and attics in houses with ceilings on wooden beams, low weight is important, since they withstand less load than reinforced concrete;
- if you need to illuminate a room in the back of the house, it is better to use a translucent partition - made of glass blocks or structures with glass inserts;
- for laying engineering communications (electrical wiring, chimneys, water pipes, etc.), a stationary partition of increased thickness is suitable;
- the partition separating zones with different temperature conditions must be massive and guarantee high thermal insulation.
In most cases, the systems should provide soundproofing of the premises. Massive structures cope well with this task, and in light partitions for this purpose, sound-insulating material is used between the skins.
Sound protection level
The airborne noise insulation index for interior partitions between rooms, a room and a kitchen, a room and a bathroom, according to regulatory requirements, must be at least 43 dB. The higher this indicator, the better the design prevents the spread of household noise - from spoken language, radio, TV. However, it does not take into account the isolation of low-frequency sounds from home theaters or operating engineering equipment (ventilation, pumping). With equal indices of airborne noise insulation, a massive partition is much better at restraining low-frequency sounds than a light frame one. It is also important to take into account that holes in the partition (for example, cracks in a doorway) significantly reduce the level of sound insulation. There are many nuances in acoustics, and if for some reason it is important to perfectly soundproof the room, you should contact an acoustic engineer.
Traditional types of interior partitions provide a comfortable level of sound insulation. Structures made of massive and at the same time porous materials - ceramics, aerated concrete, gypsum concrete, shell rock - well absorb and reflect sounds of any frequency. Such partitions with a thickness of about 10 cm provide an acoustic insulation index of 35-40 dB, with a thickness of 15 cm - up to 50 dB. In order, if necessary, to improve the sound insulation of systems made of these materials, arrange an air gap between two rows of masonry or additionally revet the wall with plasterboard.
Multilayer structures are also effective, in which external hard layers that reflect sound (for example, gypsum plasterboard) are combined with soft layers that absorb it. In frame partitions, basalt fiber mats or slabs are used as soft layers, which are placed between the cladding. In this case, the level of sound insulation of frame systems is the higher, the greater the mass and rigidity of the cladding layers, the wider the gap between them and the better the insulating properties of the soft material. Therefore, the absorption of noise will significantly improve the use of a double layer of cladding and special sound- and not heat-insulating materials.
To achieve the same soundproofing effect, sometimes you have to choose between thick monolithic and narrow multilayer partitions. The latter is able to save the useful area of the house.
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The attachment points of the frames to rigid structures, as well as the joints with the floor and ceiling, must be insulated with elastic spacers. |
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As a middle layer, a material with a thickness of 100 mm or more (fiberglass, mineral wool, cellulose insulation) is used, for cladding - gypsum board or gypsum plasterboard (12 mm) |
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Taking care of safety, electric cables are laid in, and the freon tubes of the air conditioner are thermally insulated |
Partitions made of ceramic materials, shell rock, aerated concrete, silicate bricks are considered massive.
Application area
Such structures are used in houses made of appropriate materials with reinforced concrete floors. It is undesirable to use aerated concrete partitions in rooms with high humidity.
Materials and constructions
Brick partitions are made of building ceramic or silicate bricks of at least M25 grade. A sufficient thickness of a single-layer system is 12 cm (half a brick), if the partition is small - 6.5 cm (from a brick laid on an edge). To improve sound insulation, structures can be made three-layer - mineral wool (5 cm) is placed between two walls with a thickness of 6.5 cm or an air gap is left.
If ventilation ducts or pipes are hidden in a brick partition (or part of it), its thickness reaches 38 cm. Such systems are already too heavy to be installed on a ceiling. On the first floor, they are supported on the foundation, on the second, on the wall of the lower floor. The traditional finish of a brick partition is 1-2 cm plaster.
In a house, partitions from ceramic blocks can be partially or completely made from the same material, namely from one layer of blocks 10-12 cm thick. For aerated concrete structures, blocks 8-12 cm thick in one layer are used. Partitions made of these materials are lighter than brick ones, they are advantageous to use if it is necessary to reduce the load on the floor, in addition, they are easier to finish.
Mounting
The installation of massive partitions begins after the installation of the supporting structures of the building. The base is leveled with a cement-sand mortar. To ensure accuracy when laying corners, a wooden (from shields) or metal template is used, the verticality of the masonry is checked with a plumb line. To connect the partitions to the walls, when laying the latter, grooves (grooves) with a depth of 5-6 cm are left in the places of abutment of the partitions. Bricks are made into them when installing the system. If the grooves are not left, the partition and the wall are connected with metal rods. Wooden wedges are hammered into the gap between the top of the partition and the ceiling, and the gap is filled with plaster mortar.
At the same time, the peculiarity of the installation of structures made of ceramic blocks and aerated concrete is that the large and precise dimensions of the blocks allow the bricklayer to work without templates. To ensure straight lines, wooden slats are fixed on the floor and on the wall at the junction of the partitions, along which the blocks are laid out.
Zones of control
- When constructing aerated concrete partitions, a waterproofing material (two layers of roofing material) is placed at their base.
- If the length of a 12 cm thick brick made of brick exceeds 5 m or a height of more than 3 m, then the masonry is reinforced with mesh or wire rods, laying them in a solution every 4-5 rows, and tying the ends of the reinforcement with the vertical and horizontal supporting structures of the building. Brick partitions with a thickness of 6.5 cm are reinforced at any length and thickness.
- Aerated concrete blocks and ceramic blocks must be cut to ensure that the seams are ligated (two vertical seams should not be on top of each other).
On the basis of gypsum and various fillers, prefabricated large-sized slabs are produced for partitions.
Application area
Structures made of gypsum concrete slabs are used in houses with reinforced concrete and wooden floors. For rooms with high humidity, moisture-resistant plates treated with a water repellent are used.
Material and construction
Gypsum concrete slabs can have dimensions of 30-50 x 80-125 cm and a thickness of 6, 8, 10 cm. Usually, grooves and protrusions are made along the edges of the slab, which ensure quick and strong assembly. The material is easy to cut and slit for laying utility lines in it. Partitions made of gypsum concrete are three times lighter than brick ones, have a smooth and even surface. The thickness of the structure of one layer of slabs is 6-10 cm. If it is necessary to improve the sound insulation of the room or lay pipelines in the partition, it is made double.
Mounting
The system is installed on a ceiling leveled with a cement-sand mortar, waterproofing from roofing material is placed under the lower blocks. The template is made of two racks with a movable rail. Plates are placed on top of each other, as a rule, with the long side horizontally, with bandaging of the seams. A plaster solution is used. Reinforcement is laid in the horizontal seams and fixed in the walls that limit the partition. The gap between the ceiling and the partition is sealed with plaster mortar. It is not necessary to plaster the slabs; it is enough to putty.
Zones of control
- The gypsum mortar should be prepared just before use as it hardens quickly.
- Metal rods that are laid between the rows of slabs must be treated with bituminous varnish.
General installation rules
- In new buildings, before installing partitions, it is advisable to wait several months after the erection of the supporting structures of the building for them to shrink.
- Partitions are installed before making the floor screed. Further performing a screed or a rough wooden flooring, a gasket is made of sound-insulating material with a thickness of 2 cm between the floor and the partition wall.
- The installation of the systems begins by marking their position with lines on the floor, walls and ceiling.
- Structures are rigidly connected to the floor at the base and adjacent walls (or other partitions).
Video guide for the installation of partitions and non-load-bearing walls made of gypsum concrete slabs:
Basically, two types of partitions are used with the use of wood - solid and frame.
Application area
Wooden partitions can be used in houses made of any materials, without even reinforcing wooden floors, they are ideal for the second floors of buildings and attics. Structures made of this material are easy to disassemble, so they are appropriate if redevelopment is possible in the future. In rooms with high humidity, wooden partitions must be protected with a waterproof finish.
Materials and constructions
Solid wooden partitions are made of vertically standing boards with a length to a floor height and a thickness of 4-6 cm. To improve sound insulation, boards are installed in two rows, placing a sound-proof material or an air gap between them. The disadvantage of the design is the high material consumption and, accordingly, the cost, as well as a large weight in comparison with frame partitions. Systems based on a wooden frame are made of racks - beams with a section of 50-60 x 90-100 mm and upper and lower straps (horizontal beams that frame the frame) of the same section. Soundproof boards are placed between the frame posts. The cladding is made of lining, plywood, OSB or gypsum board. For a partition of two rows of the frame with an air gap separating them or with a two-layer cladding, the sound insulation index is significantly increased. This structure has a thickness of 15-18 cm; engineering communications can be mounted inside.
Mounting
At the base of the partition, a strapping bar is laid, which must firmly rest on the floor beams. The easiest way is to place it directly on the beam, and when placing the partition parallel or perpendicular to the beams, as well as diagonally, the beam is installed on a crossbar resting on adjacent beams. To create a continuous structure, two horizontal guides are fixed on the harness, between which the boards are vertically installed, connecting them in the upper part with a fastening bar. When installing a frame partition, racks are placed on the strapping beam with a pitch of 40-60 cm (it is desirable that it coincides with the size of the cladding plates), combining them with an upper strapping. The frame elements are fastened together with nails or self-tapping screws, using metal corners. On one side, the cladding is mounted, and then the space between the beams is filled with sound insulation. Frame structures are attached to the walls with metal crutches, to the sheathing - with self-tapping screws.
Zones of control
- At the junction of the partition with adjacent structures, it is necessary to fix a metal mesh. This will prevent cracking.
- In a wooden house, frame structures must be installed one year after the construction of the building (after its shrinkage). The distance between the top of the partition and the ceiling should be at least 10 cm. It is filled with tow and covered with triangular bars.
A special system for the installation of frame partitions made of (GKL), in which all the necessary elements are provided, allows you to perform work especially quickly.
Application area
Lightweight gypsum plasterboard partitions can be used in houses made of any structures and materials and in any premises, even with high humidity (special moisture-resistant sheets are provided for such objects).
Materials and constructions
The system includes metal frame profiles - horizontal guides and vertical posts (section 50-100 * 50 mm), as well as gypsum board sheathing 1.25 cm thick and 120 x 200-300 cm in size and soundproof material. Structures with one-, two- and three-layer plating are used, as well as on a double metal frame (with space for utilities). The level of soundproofing of the partition depends on the number of sheathing sheets, the thickness of the internal soundproofing layer, and the presence of an air gap. Depending on this, the thickness of a partition with a single sheathing can range from 7.5-12.5 (single) to 17.5-22.5 cm (double), and with a double sheathing and an air gap - respectively more.
Mounting
Structures are installed during finishing work before laying floor coverings, on a screed or overlap. A polyurethane or foam rubber soundproof tape is glued to the horizontal profiles, and they are fixed to the floor and ceiling using dowels and screws (with a step of about 1 m). Rack profiles are installed in increments of 30, 40 or 60 cm. The frame sheathing on one side is fixed with self-tapping screws, sound-proof material is placed between the profiles. Then the cladding is mounted on the other side of the partition. Irregularities in the cladding and screw heads are sealed with putty.
Zones of control
- To improve sound insulation, partitions are mounted to the supporting structures of the ceiling and only then drywall is installed.
- The seams between the plasterboard should be putty in two steps.
- To protect against cracks, the joints of the gypsum board between themselves and adjacent structures should be putty, laying a reinforcing tape.
This video guide clearly demonstrates all the stages of construction of interior partitions made of plasterboard sheets of small size (small format):
To create partitions, glass blocks are produced, which differ in a wide palette of colors, an assortment of surface textures and sizes.
Application area
Glass partitions are used so as not to block the access of natural light to rooms located at the back of the house.
Constructions and materials
Glass blocks are hollow "bricks" with walls made of transparent or colored glass. Due to the presence of air inside, they have good sound insulating properties and transmit 50-80% of the light. As a rule, they are square in shape with dimensions of 19 x 19 cm or 24 x 24 cm and a thickness of 7.5 - 10 cm.
Mounting
Glass blocks are laid at the stage of finishing the premises after screed and plastering of the walls, but before finishing the floor and finishing the walls and ceiling. Glass blocks can be laid on a cement screed. The process of laying them in the wall is similar to that of brickwork, but the dressing of the seams is not done. The thickness of the seam is about 1 cm. A cement or cement-lime mortar is used, which is applied to the horizontal and vertical surfaces of the block itself before laying. From the point of view of aesthetics, high-quality jointing is required.
Zones of control
- The abutment of the glass block partition to the ceiling must be elastic, using cork gaskets, since glass is a fragile material, and the wall can crack during deformation.
- It is better to lay glass blocks on white or colored cement, then the seams will look more aesthetically pleasing.
Prices
The final cost of the partition depends on many factors. Moisture-resistant and fire-resistant materials are more expensive than conventional materials, the price is increased by the quantity and quality of finishing, frame and soundproofing material. The installation of the partition is 30 - 40% of the cost of the material, and its delivery and unloading, especially in the case of heavy materials, can be equal to their cost.